See The Back Of This Form For The Application: Fill & Download for Free

You don´t understand the essence of bullfighting. Corridas de toros are registered under slaughterhouses. Every bull, except for those who get pardoned aka indulto, absolutely must be killed. It happens for several reasons:First of all, it´s meat industry. The bull comes in the arena as a living animal and comes out as a beef steak. The dead fighting bull is then portioned into smaller pieces, and is sold for big money to butcher shops. An unspecified part of the bull always goes to the poor, it´s a tradition, and a form of social welfare.Second, only bulls who are extremely brave, straight-charging, and moderately-smart-to-very-smart get to live and gain the indulto. The bull who is pardoned is then sent back to his original ganadería (bullbreeding farm) where he is made a seed bull. Such a bull mustn´t by law go to a slaughterhouse and will spend the rest of his life (20–25 years) smelling flowers and making babies.No tricky, cunning, or even vile bull is allowed to get an indulto because such an animal would become a killer. After being sent to his farm, he would try the same tricks with which he killed the matador on the people who´d feed him, and he would kill everyone. Including his furry friends from the herd.Because bullfighting is not a sport but a performance art (and that´s its official status by the government), it isn´t, as you can guess, exactly a fair play. Fair play is purely a British concept from the 19th century and is applicable only to sports (football, hockey, tennis…).Neither the bull nor the human can win or lose. You are not fighting against the bull because he is not an even competitor. You are also not fighting against other matadors, for the record. You work with the cooperation of your team, and the only contestant you fight against is yourself. Your performance will then be reviewed like a movie in the Arts / Toros / Culture section of the Spanish newspapers.———————————————————————HOW DOES “THE PARDONING” LOOK LIKE?For better understanding of the topic, let´s see the screenshots of the famous “indulto” of the bull Jaraiz by the Spanish matador Enrique Ponce (arguably the best bullfighter in the world):STEP ONE: IT´S THE WILL OF THE AUDIENCE.If the audience finds the bull brave enough to be spared death and the Matador to be exceptionally skilled, they collectively start waving their white handkerchiefs (you can´t see it here clearly but it´s happening).EDIT: When the bull isn´t found brave enough by the President, and it gets killed by the matador and the people start waving their white hankerchiefs (after his death), it means that the audience wants some trophy for the matador for his performance.STEP TWO: THE MATADOR SEEKS THE PRESIDENT´S APPROVAL.The Matador sees the audience´s reaction and turns to the President of the Corrida (a honorary function; it´s somebody who acts similarly to an umpire in sports) for an approval of his future actions. It´s not for the Matador to decide whether the bull gets to live or not, although the audience wants it. In the end, the final decision lies on the President.The Matador is still waiting for the decision on what to do.STEP THREE: THE PRESIDENT FINALLY PARDONS THE BULL.The President has several colourful hankerchiefs which together form the colors of the rainbow. The orange hankerchief is the most prized one - it is the ultimate signal for a pardon.STEP FOUR: THE CELEBRATION AND THE SYMBOLIC KILL.This is the highest possible recognition for the bullbreeder, bullfighter and the bull. Each participant gets recognition for something else: the bullbreeding skills (the breeder), the quality of performance (the fighter), and nobility and bravery (the animal). It´s quite rare, and so everyone naturally cellebrates it.The bullbreeding family (the Domecqs):The bullfighters (toreros):The bullfighter then throws away the sword and performs a symbolic killing of the bull by patting the bull on its hump.STEP FIVE: THE BULL GETS SENT BACK TO THE STABLES.The bullfighter leads the bull to the stables, towards which is the animal lured by its workers.The doors to the arena and to the stables close behind him. His role in life - for which he was originally bred - is over. Now he´s considered a “veteran” and as such he has the right for special treatment (from the ranch workers).—————————————————————————BEHIND THE SCENES: THE TREATMENT (of another pardoned bull).The bull is led into a special tin cot in the stables (the so-called “cattle crush”, used by every big farmer who breeds cattle), so that his wounds could be treated. He is then surrounded by veterinarians, his owner (in this case, it´s the bullbreeder, Victorino Martín) and the arena workers.Victorino Martín has just opened a “window” in the tin cot, and is now standing with one of his legs on the back of the bull, trying to take out the banderillas from his back.Another picture of the treatment of a bull in Mexico - he´s being washed and receiving several injections against infection. Finally, his wounds are treated by an antiseptic powder.His wounds after banderillas are surgically sewn shut by a special, strong cord. It will be pulled out again once the skin of the bull heals.EDIT: An example of a pardoned bull - on the following day. This is Osunero, a bull that gained life from the Spanish matador El Fandi, on July 12, 2018. You can see he was completely allright and on his way to recovery (also extremely cuddly-looking, although I wouldn´t try to cuddle him).P.S.: Hope that helps. For more information on Spanish bullfighting, kindly consult my Quora profile, section Bullfighting. Everything you want to know is there, and it is unbiased, written as it is in real life (I used to be a journalist).

This happened during the IIM A interview in Bangalore. We are standing in the hotel floor lobby waiting to be called for our interview. The power had gone out but returned shortly. Being in business suits (very formal suits and a tie!) made me quite sweaty before I entered the room. Inside the room the AC had stopped working despite the power being back on. When I went inside I could see the professors using the application forms to fan themselves. They were quite irritated and started the interview in quite a negative mode asking questions about civil engineering that I didn't know (I was a civil engineer but was working with a consulting company after engineering and didn't remember anything about it).Predictably the interview went badly, and I was getting desperate and more sweaty. Suddenly, for no rational reason I asked the professors if the AC was working and they looked at the AC quite sadly. I got up and tried switching it on and off and it started to work and the room began to cool. In that one instant the entire tone of the interview changed. I was asked much easier questions and when I didn't know the answer they would tell "not to worry, it's alright" and made me feel more comfortable.Long story short, I got in to the place and have graduated since!

I think to answer this question we should start with the abstraction that we often refer to as a design pattern, and in this particular case the design pattern “MVC”. This stands for Model, View, and Controller, and in many contexts the front-end is the “View” (what the user sees), the back-end is the “Controller” (what does the work), and the database or other permanent data store is the “Model” (what stores the information for later). I like to build middle-out meaning that I first consider what my application needs to DO (like, log in users, or update account information, or run queries, etc.), and then build out the business logic that it will use to accomplish this. In doing this, it helps me define what I need to store (the model), and how the front-end will interact with the back-end. Now, going into great detail on how the front-end and back-end are integrated.The View takes many forms, but at its heart, on the web, it is HTML, JavaScript, and CSS. A given view (like your homepage, or accounts page), or a partial view (perhaps your header, or footer) may be integrated to your framework (as with ERB templates in Ruby on Rails, or Django templates in Django), or it may be entirely separate (and potentially written with a front-end JavaScript framework, like Angular, or Backbone, or Ember).This means that in the former example, where a view is integrated with the framework, as a request is made to the back-end (I’ll come back to this later), what is returned is HTML that has been pre-rendered by the back-end engine, that may or may not use values from the controller, and can even do logic using the templating language (like ERB templating for Ruby on Rails or Django templating in Django, as above). In the latter example, everything is HTML, CSS, and JavaScript (potentially with a JavaScript framework), and this changes the way that the back-end returns data to the front-end.Now, for the important part: how does the front-end really communicate with the back-end? The front-end always makes a call, meaning a GET or a POST request generally. A call can be made actively, by a user clicking on a link, in response to some event (in JavaScript), or passively (on a timer, also in JavaScript).A GET request is one that has all of the values that it will pass to the back-end in the URL itself (like mywebsite.com/someservice?somekey=somevalue&anotherkey=anothervalue). In this example, when the call is made it makes a get request to the “someservice” endpoint of your back-end and has passed the parameters “somekey” and “anotherkey” with values “somevalue” and “anothervalue”.A POST request is one that has all of the values it will pass to the back-end encoded in the request body. In this case you would invoke mywebsite.com/someservice, but the values would encoded in the request body itself. This happens whenever you fill out a form, in which case the request body is multi-part form-encoded content. This too can be done actively (e.g., a user submits a form), passively (e.g., the form is submitted in response to all fields being filled out), or on a timer (e.g., the front-end checks the back-end for some value in the form and validates it using the back-end every 5 seconds).And this is the meat of the answer: a call is made from the front-end to the back-end through either a user interaction with the page, listening to an event in JavaScript, or using JavaScript as a timed event. In all three cases we have a choice: will the request by synchronous, or asynchronous? Synchronous typically means that the user makes a request and waits for the response. Asynchronous typically means that the request is made in the background, and the page (or elements of the page) are updated when the response from the request is received. Asynchronous requests are all done through XML HTTP Requests (XHR), which you can do using plain JavaScript or any JavaScript framework (even jQuery makes this very easy).The next big question is, how does the back-end, once it receives a call from the front-end, know what to do with this information? What happens is this: a back-end receives a call from the front-end (as above, we’ll use the GET request as the example), and it takes apart the request, classifying the following:It’s a GET requestThe domain is mywebsite.comThe port is 80, for http, or 443, for https (by default)The endpoint is “someservice”It then takes that information to route the request appropriately, passing the request body as well. What do I mean by route? Let’s assume the back-end is set up in a typical way, with a web server (like Apache or NginX), and an application server (like Passenger or uWSGI, which would mount and provide the gateway to a Ruby on Rails or Django application respectively). The web server takes this information and, assuming it knows the host and the port, and the resource is allowed, will pass on the information to the application through the gateway.When the application receives the call it too needs to route the request appropriately, which is where “routes.rb” and “http://urls.py” come into place (for Ruby on Rails and Django respectively). These files say: if a request matches a given pattern (endpoint, request method, and potentially arguments, typically), then the router should route the request to a given controller and action (often a method within a given controller).When the controller receives the request, finally, it comes complete with the request body, so all of your passed keys and values are present. The controller action (your method in your controller) then does the “business logic,” potentially communicating with a database (to store or read information), or doing some calculation, etc. What’s important about the different ways of making a request (synchronously or asynchronously) is in two parts:What does the back-end return? XML, JSON, or HTML typically, and a single method may return any one of the three depending on how the request was made. This is what “responds_to” does in Ruby on Rails, when dealing with an asynchronous request. Render, and redirect, are the statements we use in Ruby on Rails when we wish to render a view or redirect to another action. This is also something we’ve typically decided through architecture, in deciding whether or not our front-end is integrated as a template in our back-end, or not. When a front-end is integrated as a template, we may be returning a view (rendering a view), in which case we pass on values to that view, the back-end engine renders it all as HTML, and it is then returned to the consumer. When we’re receiving an asynchronous request, our controller must return XML, or JSON, or HTML, depending on how the front-end will receive and interpret the results. A good example of this would be in making any long-running request (like a large database query): the consumer doesn’t want to wait to get a request, it’s likely that their browser would time out before the response is returned. As a result, the request would be made asynchronously, and either the user could remain on the page and wait for an update, in which the back-end returns a block of HTML, or a JSON object representing the query results, or a timer could be set up on the front-end to listen for such an event, probing the back-end periodically.This brings us to the second part for making a request: what does the front-end do with the returned data? When making a synchronous request, it renders that data (necessarily), meaning it shows a whole page typically, like when you log into a service and are “forwarded” to your account page. When making an asynchronous request, the front-end has to decide what to do with the results. It may take those results and render them to the page in a particular spot (like the query results above); it can do anything as a result of or using the response from the back-end.Let’s add in a quick example, step-by-step, for the scenario where user visits your homepage:The user types in your website to their browser URL bar and hits enter, making a GET request to mywebsite.comThe back-end receives this request, and knowing the domain, port, method, and endpoint (“/”), it passes it to the applicationThe application receives this request, and knowing the endpoint and method, it passes it to the correct controller action (we’ll say Application controller and home method)The application controller home method simply renders the HTML associated to the home page as a view, passing back to the consumer rendered HTMLThe browser interprets the HTML, and the user sees the homepageLet’s do a second scenario, one where we make a query using a form and then the results of that query should be rendered to a text box on the page some time later:The user enters information into a form related to their query (maybe date ranges, or IDs, etc.), and hits the “submit” buttonJavaScript (that you’ve written) captures the event (prevents the default from occurring), wraps up the request parameters, and makes a POST request asynchronously to your endpoint (we’ll say mywebsite.com/query)The back-end receives the request, and knowing the domain, port, method, and endpoint (“/query”), it passes it to the applicationThe application receives this request, and knowing the endpoint and method, it passes it to the correct controller action (we’ll say Application controller and query method)The application controller query method needs to do some business logic to start the query and provides a query ID, which it then returns to the front-end as JSON (e.g., {‘query_id’: 1234})The front-end receives this response through the asynchronous listener you wrote, and sets up a timer to listen for query completionThe front-end uses JavaScript (that you’ve written) to make a POST request to the back-end every 5 seconds, (we’ll say, mywebsite.com/queryresults), passing the “query_id” we received in the previous step as the request bodyOnce again, the back-end routes the request appropriately, this time to a controller action that asks if the query is done yet (I won’t go into detail on the how of this today)If the query is done, the back-end returns the results as JSON, e.g., {'query_complete': true, ‘query_results’: ‘somequeryresults’, 'success': true, 'msg': ''}If the query is not done, the back-end returns the same structured JSON but with different values (note that you don’t need to maintain the structure, but again I won’t go into the why of this now), e.g. {'query_complete': false, ‘query_results’: ‘’, 'success': false, 'msg': ''}It could also return an error message using the structure above, where query_complete is true, but success if false, and a message accompanies it in the msg parameter.Once again, the front-end must decide what to do with the results:It does nothing with the results if the query isn’t done yetIt renders the results in the appropriate place if the query is completed successfullyIt tells the user there’s an error when the query has failed, for whatever reasonHope this helps!