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3 June 1947:Mountbatten proposed the partition plan to divide British India into independent dominions of India and Pakistan.19 June 1947:Lord Mountbatten visited Kashmir for 5 days to persuade the Maharaja to accede to India or Pakistan.😔 The Maharaja showed reluctance.11 July 1947:Md Ali Jinnah declared that if Kashmir opted for independence, Pakistan would have friendly relations with it.Liaquat Ali Khan endorsed this position.19 July 1947:Jinnah's personal secretary K. H. Khurshid assured the Maharaja that Pakistan would not "take away an iota of his power".23 July 1947:State's PM Ram Chandra Kak visited Delhi for 5 days, meeting Mountbatten and the political leaders of Congress and the Muslim League.He explained that the State had decided not to accede to either Dominion.😥(Ram Chandra kak)14 August 1947 – 15 August 1947:Independence and Partition of British India into 🇮🇳 and 🇵🇰.Kashmir signed the Standstill Agreement with Pakistan.India requested further discussions for a standstill agreement.20 August 1947:Pakistan Army formulated Operation Gulmarg to organize a tribal invasion of Kashmir.The main invasion of raiders into J and K that was planned and launched by the Army HQs of Pakistan was called 'Operation Gulmarg'.👇1–2 September 1947:(Mian Iftikharuddin)Pakistan Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan charged Mian Iftikharuddin with organizing a revolt in Kashmir.✅Iftikharuddin introduced the Muslim Conference leader Sardar Ibrahim to Colonel Akbar Khan.✅Sardar Ibrahim requested and received arms for the rebels.Invasion of Tribe started. 👇4 September 1947:Henry Lawrence Scott informed the Maharaja that 400 armed Muslims infiltrated 😡from Kahuta into the state to terrorize the Hindu and Sikh minorities.Kashmir reported the information to Pakistan and urged it to control the infiltration.12 September 1947:Liaquat Ali Khan approved ✅ the plan for "Armed Revolt inside Kashmir" prepared by Colonel Akbar Khan and another plan prepared by Sardar Shaukat Hayat Khan.Khurshid Anwar of the Muslim League National Guard was dispatched to the Frontier to mobilize the “Pashtun tribes”👇 for an armed attack.19 September 1947:The Muslim Conference acting president Choudhri Hamidullah and general secretary Ishaque Qureshi were summoned by Pakistani prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan and briefed about Pakistan's invasion plans.19 September 1947:Mahajan met Jawaharlal Nehru and Vallabhbhai Patel in Delhi and apprised them of the situation in the state.He indicated the Maharaja's willingness to accede to India but asked for political reforms to be delayed.🤓🤓Nehru demanded the release of Sheikh Abdullah.20 September 1947:According to Sardar Ibrahim, a people's militia of 50,000 ex-servicemen 😡had been raised to form an 'Azad Army'.22 September 1947:Muslim Conference convention at Srinagar took a decision favoring accession to Pakistan.27 September 1947:Nehru wrote to Vallabhbhai Patel predicting a Pakistani incursion into Kashmir.😔29 September 1947:✅ Sheikh Abdullah was released from prison.30 September 1947:🤨 Nehru proposed using plebiscite as a means of settling disputes regarding princely states.It was discussed in the Indian Cabinet and then communicated to Pakistani Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan in Delhi.Khan's eyes were said to have "sparkled" at the proposal, though he made no response.😏Tribal started Occupying J&K.5 October 1947:Nehru is informed by Dwarakanath Kachru that the Maharaja had lost control of the western districts of the state.😥6 October 1947:An armed rebellion began in Poonch🇮🇳(185101).Sardar Ibrahim organized the Poonch rebellion, with the help of Pakistan Army and the Muslim League, the invasion of Jammu and Kashmir.The Maharaja replaced Chief of State Forces Banbury and Police Chief Powell with Hindu officers.8 October 1947 – 9 October 1947:The Owen Pattan (POK) post on Jhelum river was captured by rebels.😡(Also known as “Azad Pattan”)Sehnsa, a large town in POK, and Throchi were abandoned by State Forces after the attack.😡Pakistani raids on the borders of Jammu and Kathua districts began.😡12 October 1947:Khurshid Hasan 👇K. H. Khurshid, Jinnah's private secretary, was sent to Kashmir to mobilize support for Pakistan,😑 He advocated Pakistan to use force, and "supply arms and foodstuff to the tribes within and without the state."14 October 1947:The activists of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 🚩 and the Akalis 🙏mounted on villages of the Jammu district to help Hindu and Sikh victims of Tribal attack.but 1947 Jammu violence began.15 October 1947:Mehr Chand Mahajan took charge as Prime Minister of the state. The concentration of tribesmen reported at Abbottabad-Mansehra.(“Abbottabad” in 🇵🇰)17 October 1947:Brigadier N.S. Rawat given the charge of the Jammu Brigade of the State Forces.and Brigadier Khuda Baksh made Chief of Staff, second in command.17-18 October 1947:A battalion of Patiala State Forces arrives in Jammu and a mountain battery (artillery regiment) is stationed in Srinagar.20 October 1947:Lorries carrying 900 “Mahsud” tribesmen😡 departed the Frontier tribal region heading to Kashmir.😌 Governor George Cunningham sent a letter to Indian Army Chief Gen. Rob Lockhart & warned him about the invasion;the letter was received on 23 or 24 October.21 October 1947:Dak Bungalow at Bhimber was attacked by rebels.There were accusations that this was an effort to kill or abduct the Maharaja, who had been scheduled to visit that day.Now, first Indo🇮🇳-Pakistani🇵🇰 War Started.21 October 1947 – 22 October 1947:Pakistan launched a tribal Lashkar (levy) from Waziristan to overthrow the Maharaja's government.😠Thousands of Pashtuns from Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province recruited covertly by the Pakistani Army, invaded Kashmir along with the Poonch rebels,😑In Poonch and Jammu, The tribesmen engaged in looting and killing 😔along the way.👉 Pro-Pakistan members of the Maharaja's army rebelled at Domel (Muzaffarabad) and took control of the Jhelum river bridge.😔22 October 1947:👏All the Muslim members of the State Police in Jammu City (after their rebellion) were disarmed and ordered to go to Pakistan.24 October 1947:😍 R.L. Batra, the Deputy Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, carried a message from the Maharaja to Nehru which requested military assistance and proposed accession to India.24 October 1947: Bhimber fell to rebels after an attack by armoured vehicles of the Pakistan Army.😥(“Bhimber” in POK)25 October 1947:A Defence Committee meeting in Delhi, headed by Lord Mountbatten, considered the Maharaja's request.Ministers were unanimous in sending military assistance.but disagreed on whether to accept Kashmir's accession.✅ The secretary of the States Department, V. P. Menon, was sent to Kashmir to assess the situation.26 October 1947:V. P. Menon brought news that:the situation in Kashmir was critical.the Maharaja was ready to agree to "any terms".😀✅26 October 1947 – 27 October 1947:The Maharaja signed the Instrument of Accession (IOA), acceding the state to the Indian Union.😍India accepted the accession, regarding it provisional until such time as the will of the people could be ascertained.🙏 IOA confirms that J&K belongs to India🇮🇳.27 October 1947:The Indian army entered the state to repel the invaders.27 October 1947:Mohammad Ali Jinnah ordered General Douglas Gracey to send Pakistani troops into Kashmir.Gracey declined, pointing out the fact of Kashmir's accession to India.Gracey had a 'stand-down order' from Supreme Commander Claude Auchinleck to the effect that, in the event of an inter-Dominion war, all the British officers in both the armies must stand down.27 October 1947:The Kashmir Liberation Committee was formed to manage Pakistan's conduct of the war.It was headed byPrime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan,with Colonel Akbar Khan as the military member,Ghulam Muhammad, the finance minister, andSardar Ibrahim, the president of the POK government.28 October 1947:Field Marshal Auchinleck flew to Lahore to explain the stand-down order to Jinnah.Upon his suggestion, Jinnah invited the Indian leaders for a conference in Lahore.but the Indian Cabinet declined the invitation.29 October 1947:Jinnah and Liaquat Ali Khan entered the war officially by deciding to maintain a force of at least 5,000 tribesmen in Kashmir.😒Tribesmen again poured into Kashmir.31 October 1947:Sheikh Abdullah was appointed as the head of the Emergency Administration in Kashmir.31 October 1947:A provisional government was declared by the rebels.1 November 1947:Lord Mountbatten and Mohammad Ali Jinnah met in Lahore, as the Governor-General of India and Pakistan.Mountbatten offered India's proposal that:the accession of Junagadh, Hyderabad, and Kashmir should be decided by an impartial reference to the will of the people in the form of a plebiscite.Jinnah rejected the offer.Early November:Sheikh Abdullah recommended thatIndia should give an ultimatum and declare war against Pakistan upon the expiry of the ultimatum.Nehru did not favour a broader war.3 November 1947:Tribesmen broke through to within 5 miles (8.0 km) of the Srinagar airport and were beaten back.Indians suffered heavy casualties.Indian Home Minister Vallabhbhai Patel argued for the army to be reinforced;two more battalions were air-lifted, and a squadron of armoured cars and field artillery were dispatched from Pathankot.3 November 1947:Mendhar, in the eastern part of the Poonch district fell to rebels; Bagh and Rawalakot followed in quick succession.Hindu and Sikh refugees from these areas took shelter in Nowshera, Mirpur, Kotli and Poonch, which were all surrounded by rebels.(Mendhar is in India-administrative Kashmir)5 November 1947:Most of the tribesmen withdrew to Uri in the face of the Indian assault. Many returned home, sensing that the fight was lost.5 November 1947 – 6 November 1947:Convoys of Muslim refugees from Jammu going to West Punjab were attacked by armed bands supported by State troops; very few survived.6 November became a remembrance day in Pakistan and Azad Kashmir.7 November 1947:Reinforced Indian troops in the Kashmir Valley engaged the tribesmen at Shalateng and inflicted heavy casualties.The defeated tribal forces were pursued and Baramulla and Uri were recaptured.(Baramulla-193101)(Uri-193123)Rajouri was captured by Azad rebels.30,000 Hindus and Sikhs gathered there were killed before it was relieved, with the exception of 1,500 who escaped to the hills.9 November 1947:An attack on a convoy of Muslim refugees from Jammu was repelled by Indian troops, killing 150 of the attackers.No further attacks on convoys were reported after this incident.13 November 1947:Major General Kalwant Singh issued an order to the 50 Para Brigade to relieve Nowshera, Jhangar, Mirpur, Kotli and Poonch in seven days.The ambitious plan was criticised by General Roy Bucher.16 November 1947:Pakistan's Political Agent, Khan Mohammad Alam Khan, arrived in Gilgit and took over the administration.The provisional government was dismissed.18 November 1947:50 Para Brigade relieved Nowshera.(Pin-19001Nowshera.(Pin-19001125 November 1947:Mirpur fell to rebels. 20,000 Hindus and Sikhs taking shelter at the town were killed during the rebel occupation.The day is remembered as the "Mirpur day" in Indian-administered Jammu.26 November 1947:50 Para Brigade relieved Kotli, but evacuated it the next day due to the difficulty of defending it against the surrounding rebels.(Kotli, POK)26 November 1947 – 27 November 1947:During Liaquat Ali Khan's visit to Delhi for a Joint Defence Council meeting,the two countries reached an agreement on the sharing of sterling balances.A tentative agreement on Kashmir was reached;Pakistan agreed to use its influence on the raiders to withdraw, India to scale back its troops, andthe UN to be approached for holding a plebiscite.However, the agreement was vetoed by Jinnah:"No commitments should be made without my approval of terms of settlement. Mr. Liaquat has agreed and promised to abide by this understanding," read his note to the ministers.The next day, India's Defence Committee was informed that Pakistan was reinforcing the tribesmen.30 November 1947:Large concentrations of insurgents were reported at Sialkot, Gujrat and Jhelum.December 1947:Liaquat Ali Khan visited the Azad staging areas in the Sialkot District and was enraged by the reports of atrocities narrated by the Azad rebels.He issued a renewed call to arms.4 December 1947:The British Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army sanctioned military involvement in the Kashmir War.One million rounds of ammunition and twelve volunteer officers were provided.8 December 1947:A meeting between Nehru and Liaquat Ali Khan, along with ministers and Lord Mountbatten, was deadlocked.Mountbatten proposed that the UN be invited to break the deadlock.15 December 1947 – 20 December 1947:Indian forces lost ground and Nehru contemplated escalating the war across the international border to strike against the raider's bases, but decides against it.20 December 1947:Mountbatten recommended India take the matter to the UN, where he says it would have a "cast-iron case".He believed the UN would promptly direct Pakistan to withdraw.The proposal was discussed in the Indian Cabinet.22 December 1947:Nehru handed Liaquat Ali Khan a formal letter demanding that Pakistan deny assistance to the raiders.24 December 1947:Indian forces were evicted from Jhangar by rebels.(Jhangar represented by the red icon in above two maps)However, the Indian army repelled the attack on Nowshera by 27 December. India reinforced Kashmir by an additional brigade.27 December 1947:British Commonwealth Minister Philip Noel-Baker considered it a "political miscalculation" by India that the UN Security Council would condemn Pakistan as an aggressor.28 December 1947 – 30 December 1947:Mountbatten: stop the fighting and to stop it as soon as possible.Prime Minister Attlee: opening a broader war would jeopardise India's case in the UN.Britain alerted the US. and US demanded clarifications from the Indian government.31 December 1947:India referred the Kashmir problem to the UN Security Council.(UN assembly)31 December 1947:The British Commonwealth Relations Office (CRO) asked its permanent representative at the UN, Alexander Cadogan, about the validity of Indian claims.Cadogan responded that India was entitled to charge Pakistan as an aggressor under Article 35 and to take measures for self-defence under Article 51, including "pursuing invaders into Pakistan".1948:(UN assembly)UN Security Council considered the Kashmir problem.January 1948:'Balawaristan' insurrection in Gilgit by the local people but put down by forces.2 January 1948:The British Cabinet decided to send minister Philip Noel-Baker to Kashmir.on 10th Jan, Noel-Baker put forward the British proposals to the US State Department but failed to win US support for these proposals.15 January 1948:India and Pakistan made presentations to the UNSC.India reiterated its demands in the original referral.17 January 1948:UN Security Council passed Resolution 38 :20 January 1948:UN Security Council passed Resolution 39 :January 1948:Noel-Baker won the support of the Western powers i.e the US, Canada and France.for the Pakistani position that the raiders cannot be withdrawn without a change of government in Kashmir.Draft resolutions were formulated along the lines of the 10 January proposals.February–April 19483 February 1948:India🇮🇳 requested an adjournment of the Security Council discussions.The Indian Cabinet was said to be in favour of what Swami Ji said.Subramanian Swamy: India should withdraw illegal petition ...9 February 1948 – 11 February 1948:Gilgit rebels attacked Skardu. The State forces at Skardu defended it for almost six months afterwards.No reinforcements were possible due to closure of the Zoji La pass by winter snows.The Ladakhis appealed to Nehru for help.12 February 1948:Security Council discussions were adjourned.😃7 March 1948:A small group of Indian troops crossed through the treacherous Zoji La pass, reaching Leh with guns and ammunition to raise a local volunteer force.10 March 1948: :Security Council deliberations resumed.18 March 1948:The Republic of China tabled a resolution in three parts:Pakistan to withdraw the raiders.India appoint a plebiscite administration with UN-nominated directors,India broadens the interim government with representatives from all major political groups.21 March 1948:UN Security Council passed Resolution 47:The UN Commission was named United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP).Pakistan rejected the resolution but promised to work with the Commission.May 194810 May 1948:Operation Sledge — Four columns of insurgents struck Indian lines of communication at Gund, Pandras, Dras and Kargil.except Gund rest 3 were captured.🇮🇳22 May 1948:India established an air link to Leh.1 November 1948:Zoji La 🇮🇳pass was taken back by India.😍15 November 1948:Dras 🇮🇳 was recaptured.😍23 November 1948:Kargil 🇮🇳was recaptured.😍14 December 1948: A major attack was made by the regular Pakistan army on the Indian line of communications at Beripattan-Nowshera.19491 January 1949:A ceasefire between India and Pakistan.India: Kashmir Valley, most of the Jammu province and Ladakh,while Pakistan gained control of POK, the Gilgit Agency and Baltistan.1949:Jammu Praja Parishad launched an agitation. 294 members of the party were arrested.20 June 1949:Maharaja Hari Singh announced his decision to abdicate and appointed his son Karan Singh as the Prince Regent.17 October 1949:The Indian Constituent Assembly adopted Article 370:At the end of the year, Jihadist rhetoric inflamed Pakistan and continued into 1951.1951June 1951:India moved troops to the India–Pakistan border in response to the rhetoric from Pakistan.September 1951 – October 1951:75 seats allocated to the Indian-administered part of Kashmir and 25 seats reserved for the Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir.October 1951:Jammu Praja Parishad became an affiliate of the newly founded Bharatiya Jana Sangh, the precursor of the Bharatiya Janata Party.Shri Shyama Prasad Mukharjee 🙏 started Bharatiya Jana Sangh on 21 October 1951 in Delhi, with the collaboration of the RSS.November 1951:The Constituent Assembly passed legislation stripping the Maharaja of all powers and making the government answerable to the Assembly.January 1952 – June 1952:Jammu Praja Parishad(JPP) renewed agitation and called for the full integration of the state with India.The army was called to impose order and several hundred activists were imprisoned.Jana Sangh and other Hindu nationalist parties staged a demonstration outside the Indian Parliament in support of the Praja Parishad.1952January 1952 – June 1952:July 1952:🇮🇳Sheikh Abdullah signed the Delhi Agreement with the Indian government which provided for the autonomy of the State within India and the autonomy for regions within the State.🇮🇳November 1952:The Constituent Assembly adopted a resolution abolished the monarchyJPP relaunched its agitation campaign for a third time.The Jana Sangh and other Hindu nationalist parties launched a parallel agitation in Delhi, which supported the Praja Parishad.1953May 1953:Jana Sangh leader Syama Prasad Mukherjee made a bid to enter Jammu and Kashmir, citing his rights as an Indian citizen. He was promptly arrested at the Jammu border. In a widespread agitation in Jammu, Punjab and Delhi, 10,000 activists were imprisoned.Abdullah headed a subcommittee of the National Conference which recommended 4 options for the state's future, all involving a plebiscite or independence.23 June 1953:Syama Prasad Mukherjee died in prison. Large protests were held in Delhi and other parts of the country.Death Of Shyama Prasad Mukharjee Is Still A Mystery.August 1953:Nehru pushed for a plebiscite in talks with Pakistan, and the two countries agreed to appoint a Plebiscite Administrator within six months.A plebiscite would be held in all regions and the state partitioned on the basis of the results.1954February 1954:🇮🇳The Constituent Assembly, under the leadership of Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad, passed a resolution ratifying the accession of Kashmir to India.🇮🇳May 1954:Pakistan and the US signed a mutual defence assistance agreement.Nehru withdrew the plebiscite offer to Pakistan.1955–1957August 1955:Sheikh Abdullah's lieutenant Mirza Afzal Beg formed the Plebiscite Front to fight for the plebiscite demand.17 November 1956:🇮🇳The state Constituent Assembly adopted a constitution for the state which declared it an integral part of the Indian Union.🇮🇳🙏Many Resolutions prove J&K is an integral part of India. 🇮🇳🇮🇳24 January 1957:The UN Security Council passed Resolution 122 :8 August 1958:Sheikh Abdullah was arrested in the Kashmir Conspiracy Case.Kashmir Conspiracy Case was the legal case filed by Government of Kashmir and Investigation by the Government of India:Abdullah along with Mirza Afzal Beg and 22 others, who were accused of conspiracy against the state for allegedly espousing the cause of an independent Kashmir.1959–19621959:The 1959 Tibetan uprising or the 1959 Tibetan rebellion began on 10 March 1959, when a revolt erupted in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, which had been under the effective control of the People's Republic of China since the Seventeen Point Agreement was reached in 1951.Armed conflict between Tibetan guerillas and the People's Liberation Army (PLA) had started in 1956 in the Kham and Amdo regions, which had been subjected to socialist reform.The guerrilla warfare later spread to other areas of Tibet and lasted through 1962.China annexed Tibet.Tensions rose between China and India on the issue of the boundary between Tibet and India, especially in Aksai Chin.1962: Indo-China War (Sino-Indian War)India claims that China has occupied approximately 38,000 sq. kms. area of Jammu Kashmir by constructing a road connecting Tibet and Xinjiang around 1957.On the “Aksai chin issue” China and India fought a brief war in 1962 but in 1993 and 1996, both countries signed agreements to respect the Line of Actual Control(LAC).1963–1969March 1963:The Chinese government signed an agreement with Pakistan on the boundary between the Northern Areas and the Xinjiang province, ceding the Trans-Karakoram Tract.8 April 1964:The Nehru government dropped all charges in the Kashmir Conspiracy Case.Sheikh Abdullah was released after 11 years.21 November 1964 – 24 November 1964:Articles 356 and 357 of the Indian Constitution were extended to the State, by virtue of which the Central Government can assume the government of the State and exercise its legislative powers.The State Assembly then amended the State Constitution, changing the posts of:Sadr-i-Riyasat to Governor and "prime minister" to"chief minister", consistent with the Indian Constitution.Scholar Sumantra Bose regarded it the "end of the road" for Article 370 and the constitutional autonomy guaranteed by it.Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 started.The war began after Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar.In this operation, Pakistan wanted to bring forces into Indian-held Jammu and Kashmir to conquer the area of Kashmir ruled by India.Result:United Nations-mandated ceasefire.India Won.Indian forces gain 360-500 sq. km. of Pakistani territory on the outskirts of Lahore1966:On 10 January, the Tashkent Declaration was signed by both countries, agreeing to revert to their pre-1965 positions under Russian mediation.Pakistan-supported guerrilla groups in Kashmir increased their activities after the ceasefire.Kashmiri nationalists Amanullah Khan and Maqbool Bhat formed another Plebiscite Front with an armed the Jammu and Kashmir National Liberation Front (JKNLF).(Amanullah Khan (JKLF), Maqbool Bhat and JKLF)1971:26 March 1971:The Bangladesh Liberation War started.15 May:Indian army starts aiding Mukti Bahini.16 December:End of the Bangladesh Liberation War.East Pakistan Army surrenders to Mitro Bahini represented by Jagjit Singh Aurora of the Indian Army faction of the military coalition.93,000 Pak troops surrendered to India leading to the creation of Bangladesh.1972:Simla Pact:2 July 1972:Indira released over 90,000 prisoners of war (PoW) instead of resolving the Kashmir dispute "in lieu of the PoW.India missed 'golden opportunity' to resolve the Kashmir dispute in 1971 war.paved the way for diplomatic recognition of Bangladesh by Pakistan.The agreement converted the cease-fire line of 17 December 1971 into the Line of Control (LOC) between India and Pakistan.1976:Maqbool Bhat was arrested on his return to Kashmir.1979:The USSR invaded Afghanistan.The US and Pakistan became involved in training, recruiting, arming, and unleashing the Mujahideen on Afghanistan.The Mujahideen so recruited would, in the late 1980s, take on their own agenda of establishing Islamic rule in Kashmir.8 September 1982:Sheikh Abdullah died. His son, Farooq Abdullah, later assumed office as Chief Minister of J&K.1984:Ravindra Mhatre👇, an Indian diplomat in Birmingham, was kidnapped and killed 😔by JKLF's UK arm the Kashmir Liberation Army (KLA).India executed Maqbool Bhat.Amanullah Khan and Hashim Qureshi were expelled from the UK and returned to Pakistan.Pakistan's (ISI) sought their help in preparing the groundwork for the liberation of Jammu and Kashmir from India.Amanullah Khan established JKLF in POK.13 April 1984:Operation Meghdoot: The Indian Army took the Siachen Glacier region of Kashmir.1987:Farooq Abdullah won the Assembly elections.The Muslim United Front (MUF) alleged that the elections had been rigged.MUF’s election aides called the HAJY group - Abdul Hamid Shaikh, Ashfaq Majid Wani, Javed Ahmed Mir and Mohammed Yasin Malik - joined the JKLF.Young disaffected Kashmiris in the Valley such as the HAJY group were recruited by JKLF.1988:Protests and anti-India demonstrations began in the Valley, followed by police firing and curfew.1989:Mass Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus started in Kashmir Valley.The Hindus of the Kashmir Valley were forced to flee the Kashmir valley as a result of being targeted by JKLF and Islamist insurgents during late 1989 and early 1990.The end of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan released a great deal of militant energy and weapons to Kashmir.Pakistan provided arms and training to both indigenous and foreign militants in Kashmir.1990Kashmiri Pandits began to leave in much greater numbers in the 1990s during the eruption of militancy, following persecution and threats by radical Islamists and militants.19 January 1990:Mosques issued declarations that the Kashmiri Pandits were Kafirs and that the males had to leave Kashmir, convert to Islam or be killed.approximately 100,000 of the total Kashmiri Pandit population of 140,000 left the valley during the 1990s.Other authors have suggested a higher figure for the exodus, ranging from the entire population of over 150,000, to 190,000 of a total Pandit population of 200,000, to a number as high as 800,000.Kashmiri Pandits Became Refugees in Their Own Home.(Refugee camps for Kashmiri Pandits)13 February 1990:Lassa Kaul, director of Srinagar Doordarshan, was Killed by the militants for implementing pro-Indian media policy.February 1990 – March 1990:Though the JKLF tried to explain that the killings of Pandits were not communal, the murders caused a scare among the minority Hindu community.The rise of new militant groups and unexplained killings of members of the community contributed to an atmosphere of insecurity for the Kashmiri Pandits.1 March 1990:An estimated one million took to the streets to protest against India.1990 – present:An officially estimated 10,000 Kashmiri youths crossed into Pakistan for training and procurement of arms.Indigenous and foreign militant groups besides pro-India renegade militants proliferated through the 1990s with an estimated half a million Indian security forces deployed in the Kashmir Valley.1998 – present:Operation Sadbhavana (Goodwill) launched officially by the Indian army in Jammu and Kashmir.3 May 1999 – 26 July 1999:Kargil War:the infiltration of Pakistani soldiers and Kashmiri militants into positions on the Indian side of the LOC was the reason for war.An armed conflict took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Kashmir and elsewhere along the LOC.Israel aided India with mortar and ammunition and became one of the few countries that helped India directly.India won.2001–200914 July 2001 – 16 July 2001:General Pervez Musharraf and Atal Bihari Vajpayee met for peaceful talks.October 2001:Kashmiri assembly in Srinagar was attacked, 38 fatalities.December 2001:The Indian Parliament in New Delhi was attacked.April 2003 – May 2003:Operation Sarp Vinash launched by the Indian army.The largest network of terrorist hideouts covering 100 square kilometers in Pir Panjal found and more than 60 terrorists killed.2 May 2003:India and Pakistan restored diplomatic ties.Feb 13, 2006:Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on Monday invited Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front chief Yasin Malik for talks on Kashmir on February 17.22 August 2008:Following 2008 Kashmir unrest, hundreds of thousands of Muslims marched in Srinagar for independence, the largest protest against Indian rule in over a decade.2010–201812 Feb 2013, Congress-led UPA Govt. funded Yasin malik to talk with Pakistan.Manmohan wanted to contact militants of Pak: Yasin.25 November 2014 – 20 December 2014:Despite boycott calls by separatist Hurriyat leaders, the 2014 state election saw the highest voter turnout in the 25 years since insurgency erupted in the region.Kashmiri people voted in favour of democracy of India.Bharatiya Janata Party won 25 seats with vote share of 23%.8 July 2016:Following the killing of Burhan Muzaffar Wani on 8 July, violent protests broke out in Kashmir Valley.An imposed curfew continued for more than 50 days.Two lakh across Valley attend Burhan Wani's funeral.July 2017 – present -Operation All-Out started by Indian Army to flush out militants and terrorists in Kashmir until there is complete peace in the state.2019–20 Jammu and Kashmir lockdown:23 Feb 2019:Yasin Malik arrested under Anti-Terror law.Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir via scrapping of the Article 370 of the Constitution of India, Article 35A of the Constitution of India and the introduction of Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019.According to a September 6 report, More than 200 separatist politicians, with more than 100 leaders and activists from All Parties Hurriyat Conference were detained in the disputed region.Thanks, Modi Ji🇮🇳🙏 for making our dream “Revocation of Article 370 and 35A” come true.“Knowledge shared matters”.Share Answer.Upvote inspires.Jai Hind.🇮🇳

According to Wiki: Some state movements seek secession from the United States itself and the formation of a nation from one or more states.Alaska: In November 2006, the Alaska Supreme Court held in the case [Kohlhaas v. State] that secession was illegal and refused to permit an initiative to be presented to the people of Alaska for a vote. The Alaskan Independence Party remains a factor in state politics, and Walter Hickel, a member of the party, was Governor from 1990 to 1994.California: California secession, known as #CALEXIT, was discussed by grassroots movement parties and small activist groups calling for the state to secede from the union in a pro-secessionist meeting in Sacramento on April 15, 2010.[76] In 2015, a political action committee called Yes California Independence Committee formed to advocate California's independence from the United States.[77] On January 8, 2016, the California Secretary of State's office confirmed that a political body called the California National Party filed the appropriate paperwork to begin qualifying as a political party.[78][79] The California National Party, whose primary objective is California independence, ran a candidate for State Assembly in the June 7, 2016 primary.[80] On November 9, 2016, after Donald Trump's win in the presidential election, residents of the state caused #calexit to trend on Twitter, wanting out of the country due to his win; they argue that they have the 6th largest economy in the world, and more residents than any other state in the union.[81] 32% of Californians, and 44% of California Democrats were in favor of California secession in a March 2017 poll.[82]The Attorney General of California approved applications by the California Freedom Coalition and others to gather signatures to put #CALEXIT on the 2018 ballot.[83][84] In July 2018, the objectives of the Calexit initiative were expanded upon by including a plan to carve out an "autonomous Native American nation"[85]that would take up the eastern part of California, and "postponing its ballot referendum approach in favor of convincing Republican states to support their breakaway efforts."[85]Florida: The mock 1982 secessionist protest[86] by the Conch Republic in the Florida Keys resulted in an ongoing source of local pride and tourist amusement. In 2015, right-wing activist Jason Patrick Sager[87]called for Florida to secede.[88][89]Georgia: On April 1, 2009, the Georgia State Senate passed a resolution, 43–1, that asserted the right of states to nullify federal laws under some circumstances. The resolution also asserted that if Congress, the president, or the federal judiciary took certain steps, such as establishing martial law without state consent, requiring some types of involuntary servitude, taking any action regarding religion or restricting freedom of political speech, or establishing further prohibitions of types or quantities of firearms or ammunition, the constitution establishing the United States government would be considered nullified and the union would be dissolved.[90]Hawaii: The Hawaiian sovereignty movement has a number of active groups that have won some concessions from the state of Hawaii, including the offering of H.R. 258 in March 2011, which removes the words "Treaty of Annexation" from a statute. As of 2011, it had passed a committee recommendation 6–0.[91]Minnesota: The Northwest Angle is a small exclave of Minnesota jutting north into Canada due to a quirk in the definitions of the US-Canada border. Because of laws restricting fishing, some residents of the Northwest Angle suggested leaving the United States and joining Canada in 1997. The following year, U.S. Representative Collin Peterson of Minnesota proposed legislation to allow the residents of the Northwest Angle, which is part of his district, to vote on seceding from the United States and joining Canada.[92][93] This action succeeded in getting fishing regulations better synchronized across these international (fresh) waters.[94]Montana: With the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States to hear District of Columbia v. Heller in late 2007, an early 2008 movement began in Montana involving at least 60 elected officials addressing potential secession if the Second Amendment were interpreted not to grant an individual right, citing its compact with the United States of America.[95]New Hampshire: On September 1, 2012, "The New Hampshire Liberty Party was formed to promote independence from the federal government and for the individual."[96] The Free State Project is another NH based movement that has considered secession to increase liberty. On July 23, 2001, founder of the FSP, Jason Sorens, published "Announcement: The Free State Project", in The Libertarian Enterprise, stating, "Even if we don't actually secede, we can force the federal government to compromise with us and grant us substantial liberties. Scotland and Quebec have both used the threat of secession to get large subsidies and concessions from their respective national governments. We could use our leverage for liberty."[97]Oregon: Following the 2016 presidential election, two activists submitted a petition for a ballot measure relating to secession from the United States; the activists withdrew the measure shortly afterward, citing recent riots and negative responses.[98][99]South Carolina: In May 2010 a group formed that called itself the Third Palmetto Republic, a reference to the fact that the state claimed to be an independent republic twice before: once in 1776 and again in 1860. The group models itself after the Second Vermont Republic, and says its aims are for a free and independent South Carolina, and to abstain from any further federations.[citation needed]Texas Secession Movement: The group Republic of Texas generated national publicity for its controversial actions in the late 1990s.[100] A small group still meets.[101] In April 2009, Rick Perry, the Governor of Texas, raised the issue of secession in disputed comments during a speech at a Tea Party protest saying "Texas is a unique place. When we came into the union in 1845, one of the issues was that we would be able to leave if we decided to do that ... My hope is that America and Washington in particular pays attention. We've got a great union. There's absolutely no reason to dissolve it. But if Washington continues to thumb their nose at the American people, who knows what may come of that."[102][103][104][105]Vermont: The Second Vermont Republic, founded in 2003, is a loose network of several groups that describes itself as "a nonviolent citizens' network and think tank opposed to the tyranny of Corporate America and the U.S. government, and committed to the peaceful return of Vermont to its status as an independent republic and more broadly the dissolution of the Union".[106][107] Its "primary objective is to extricate Vermont peacefully from the United States as soon as possible".[108] They have worked closely with the Middlebury Institute created from a meeting sponsored in Vermont in 2004.[109][110] On October 28, 2005, activists held the Vermont Independence Conference, "the first statewide convention on secession in the United States since North Carolina voted to secede from the Union on May 20, 1861".[108] They also participated in the 2006 and 2007 Middlebury-organized national secessionist meetings that brought delegates from over a dozen groups.[111][112][113][114][115]In the aftermath of the 2012 presidential election, secession petitions pertaining to all fifty states were filed through the White House We the People petition website.[116][117]

Since nobody has done New Zealand, I thought I will give this answer a shot since I’m researching Israeli and Palestinian advocacy groups in NZ and Australia. Traditionally, New Zealand society has been pro-Israel. New Zealand voted in favour of the 1947 UN Partition Plan. During the Israeli War of Independence and the Six Day War, Israel was regarded as the plucky “David” fighting against the Arab “Goliath.”There is a small Jewish population here who are well integrated and accepted in NZ society. The former Prime Minister John Key is of Jewish ancestry through his mother. Two other Prime Ministers Julius Vogel and Francis Bell have had Jewish ancestry. There is little anti-Semitism in NZ society unlike Europe and the Muslim world. There have been some anti-Semitic incidents like the 2004 vandalism of Jewish grave stones in Wellington and a Jewish boy being slapped by a man in 2014. However, such incidents are very rare and have been condemned by respectable society.However, public opinion since the mid-1970s and 1980s has gradually shifted in favour of the Palestinians. Within the public sphere, the image of David and Goliath has been reversed. Israel is increasingly regarded as “settler-colonial” state that is occupying and oppressing the Palestinians. This image has been influenced by slanted local and international media coverage of developments such as the two Intifadas, the 2006 Lebanon War, the 2008–09 Gaza War, the 2010 Mavi Marmara incident, the 2014 Gaza War, settlement expansion in the West Bank, and the right-ward shift in Israeli politics. One other incident that hurt Israel’s image in NZ was the 2004 Mossad spy scandal where two Israeli agents were arrested after trying to acquire a passport from a disabled man.[1]As elsewhere, the left is more sympathetic to the Palestinians while the political right is more sympathetic to the Israelis. Traditionally, the center-left Labour Party has been sympathetic to Israel and even had fraternal ties with the Israeli Labor Party. It was a Labour Government that endorsed the UN Partition Plan in 1947. The former Labour Prime Minister Norman Kirk admired the Israeli kibbutzim. However, during the 1980s, a generational shift occurred within the Labour Party. While older Labour Party MPs like Prime Minister David Lange, Frank O’Flynn, and David Zwartz were sympathetic to Israel, newer MPs like Helen Clark, David Caygill, and Geoffrey Palmer were more critical of Israeli actions. Two good studies on this topic would be Stephen Rainbow’s “The Changing Attitude of NZ towards Israel” and Hannah Van Voorthuysen’s MA thesis “Just a Damned Nuisance.” [2]Today, the strongest bastions of pro-Palestinian sympathy would be the political left (Labour, Greens, the Maori Party, and the Mana Movement), trade unions, and the universities.[3] Some left-wing Maori leaders like the Mana leader Hone Harawira, the Green MP Marama Davidson, and the Labour Party activist Matt McCarten see an affinity between the Maori and Palestinian historical experiences. There are several Palestinian activist groups including the Palestine Human Rights Campaign, Kia Ora Gaza, and even Students for Justice in Palestine. The NZ groups have formed a network called the NZ Palestine Solidarity Network, which endorses the BDS Call.[4]Today, sympathy for Israel would be strongest within the political right (National and ACT parties), evangelical Christians, and the Jewish community. There are several Christian Zionist groups operating in NZ including the International Christian Embassy Jerusalem’s local branch and the NZ Friends of Israel. There is a pro-Israel media commentary website called Shalom.Kiwi which operates in a similar way to Honest Reporting.[5] In addition, there is a pro-Israel Maori group called Kia Ora Israel which was formed in response to the pro-Palestinian Maori activists.[6]Still, the current center-right National government has been lukewarm towards Israel even under John Key. In 2012, NZ voted in favour of a UN General Assembly resolution admitting Palestine as a non-member observer state; the US, Australia, and Canada opposed the resolution).[7] In 2016, NZ sponsored UN Resolution 2334 on Israeli settlements. This irked the Netanyahu government to the extent that they suspended high-level contacts with NZ. The dispute was mended when the new Foreign Minister Gerry Brownlee acknowledged regret that NZ’s actions had upset Israel.[8]The NZ government has tried to develop an “even-handed” foreign policy towards the Middle East. NZ exports meat and livestock to the Gulf States and Iran. As of 2017, NZ has embassies in Egypt, Turkey, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates but only an honorary consul in Tel Aviv. NZ foreign policy towards the Middle East has followed pragmatic economic interests. Unlike Australia, the US, and Canada, pro-Israel advocacy groups have been unsuccessful in lobbying policy-makers.To sum things up, Israel is becoming a left-right issue. The political left tends to favour the Palestinians while the political right tends to favour Israel. This seems to be the trend internationally. Domestic and international media coverage of the Israel-Palestine conflict is also more critical of Israel and sympathetic to the Palestinians.There are several advocacy groups that take an interest in Israel and Palestine. Both the pro-Israel and pro-Palestinian groups have made complaints about “biased” media coverage by lodging complaints with the NZ Press Council and the Broadcasting Standards Authority. NZ has sought to maintain a pragmatic foreign policy towards the Middle East since the 1973 Oil Shocks to avoid antagonizing the Arab States and Iran.Footnotes[1] 2004 Israel–New Zealand passport scandal - Wikipedia[2] 'Just a Damned Nuisance': New Zealand's Changing Relationship with Israel from 1947 Until May 2010[3] Peter Dunne signs boycott Israel petition[4] NZPSN[5] https://shalom.kiwi/[6] Kia Ora Israel[7] General Assembly Votes Overwhelmingly to Accord Palestine ‘Non-Member Observer State’ Status in United Nations[8] Israel–New Zealand relations - Wikipedia