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Anarcho-syndicalism is the idea that private property is a bad idea, and we should get rid of both it and the institutions that prop it up (including government) in favor of a system where workers manage their own workplaces. There’s a lot to unpack here, so let’s get to it. But before I do, here’s the Monty Python clip that gives a quick summary on one way of making it work:I. Private Property“Private property” is a concept that lies at the heart of capitalism. The basic idea is that there are things that allow people to produce stuff: food, clothing, paper clips, whatever. These things, such as land and machinery, are more technically called “the means of production.” In many economic systems, most notably capitalism, the means of production are owned by specific people. These people dictate what can and cannot be done with the means of production, and who can use them.So, for example, let’s say you are one of these owners, and you own forty square miles of farmland. Without your permission, nobody can do anything with those forty square miles of land. If you’d like, you can try to farm it all yourself, and then collapse and die of exhaustion. Alternatively, you can do absolutely nothing with a large chunk of that land, which is a massive waste. As another option, you could give people permission to farm small parcels of that land in exchange for regular payments in an arrangement commonly called “renting.” And as yet another option, you could pay people to show up, do some farming for you, and then give you all the results of their work — we call this “employing people.”Now, in an ideal system, those people who are either renting your land or who are working on your farm can save up their money, purchase their own share of the means of production, and then start making decisions of ownership themselves. And if you’re a complete disaster of an owner, eventually you’ll have to sell your ownership of the means of production in order to get by. By this theory, capitalism is a system where hard workers rise up, and bad owners fall down. And this does happen — Andrew Carnegie started with practically nothing and ended his life as one of the wealthiest men in America. By contrast, his contemporary, Cornelius Vanderbilt, built a $100 million fortune[1] which is no longer in his family.But that’s the ideal system, and real life doesn’t live up to that. There are far more people over the years who started with nothing, worked just as hard as did Carnegie, and died in poverty and squalor. On the other hand, J. Paul Getty’s son, John Paul Getty, Jr., was a heroin addict who threw away a job in his father’s oil company, and yet still remained a fabulously wealthy man until his death. Private property and capitalism are supposed to be meritocratic systems, but they fail in that regard extremely frequently.There are other issues. Let’s go back to the farmland, and let’s say you rent it out. That’s a nice profit for you, but what value are you adding to this system? Your tenants are farming the land and producing value, but what benefit is there to anyone besides yourself for that rent check? You owning that land doesn’t make it more fruitful, it just means the person doing the work and who is making sure that the land isn’t just lying fallow doesn’t get to keep all the results of their labor.For that matter, how did you come to be the owner of the land? Sure, it could be that you worked really hard, saved up, and bought it. Cool. But how did the person you bought it from get it? Go back far enough, and you’ll find that land was stolen. Could have been that some rich aristocrats fenced in some public land five hundred years ago and nobody else in the area was strong enough to tell them to shove it.[2] Could be a bunch of people from somewhere else came in, murdered the local population and divvied up the land. But somewhere along the line, a whole lot of land went from not being owned to being owned, and the transition from the one state of affairs to the other happened without the consent of a whole lot of people. What this means is that property ownership, at least from one perspective, comes out to being the receiver of stolen goods.There’s a reason that Pierre-Joseph Proudhon said about this state of affairs that “La propriété, c'est le vol!” — “Property is Theft!”[3]Private property started out because powerful people used their power to get an unfair advantage — your grandparents being friends with the king meant you had a private army that nobody could complain when you jacked public land. But ownership means more power to the owner, which means more power to use — which means more power to abuse. And let’s be really clear: there was, and is, a hell of a lot of abuse of power stemming from ownership.II. The Conditions of the Working ClassThe second half of the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century saw tremendous upheaval in society, first in Britain, then in the rest of the West. This was because of the First Industrial Revolution, which saw a large of industries become mechanized. There were good aspects to this: one person’s labor could be multiplied several times over by the new machines, which meant that the cost of producing an item went down, which meant the cost of those items also went down. Because of this, many things that were previously extravagances or luxuries were now affordable for everyone.Most of these machines, however, were quite expensive. What this meant was that only wealthy people could really afford to purchase them. Most people could not afford the machines. Indeed, most people couldn’t afford any of the means of production.In the last section, we looked at what you can do if you own more of the means of production than you can work yourself. But what do you do if you have none of the means of production and you don’t live in a society where everyone is simply provided with their basic necessities free of charge? Well, you have to sell something in order to get the money you need to buy those necessities. For most people, the thing they sell is their time. Most people will enter some sort of contract wherein they will agree to follow someone else’s orders for some period of time, in exchange for which, they will be given money. For example, a cotton mill worker might show up for an eight hour shift, work the machine, and give all of the resulting cloth to the factory owner, and in exchange, they’ll be given money.What this means is that there’s a large marketplace for people’s time, or more accurately, their labor. Now, with skilled jobs, there are going to be a few potential suppliers of labor, which means that the price of that labor — wages — are going to be reasonably high. But the whole point of mechanization is that it takes a lot of the work that was being done by hand and shifts it to a machine, which means a lower-skilled job, which means more potential suppliers of labor. This means lower wages.OK, so if wages get too low, people just won’t take the jobs, right? Well, no. Remember, people are only selling their time in the first place because if they don’t, they’ll die: starvation, exposure, that kind of thing. So if your choice is between starving and working a terrible job for very little money, well, it’s not a really a choice. What this means is that, while technically, there’s contract negotiation, in actuality, one side has far more power than the other side in the negotiation, and there is an element of coercion in place.If nobody takes a job with that low a wage, though, then the owners of the means of production — the “capitalist class” — have to raise wages, right? Well, yes, this is true, but it requires organization on the part of the people selling their labor — the “proletariat.” There are several different terms we use for such organizations, but the most common are probably “union” and “syndicate.” These proletariat organizations exist to balance out the power structure a little bit.However, syndicates aren’t always legal. Even when they are, they might find more forces than just factory owners arrayed against them. The history of the nineteenth century in labor relations mostly is about labor attempting to organize, and the capitalist class kicking the crap out of them, both directly and through government action.And even when measures existed to keep people from starving, they weren’t necessarily pleasant. Britain had a system called the workhouses where people could go if they couldn’t find employment elsewhere. The standards of living among the working class were lousy to begin with,[4] but the conditions at the workhouse were even worse, and even more thoroughly dehumanizing. They had to be: if the conditions at the workhouses were better than the ones to be found working for private industry, everyone would have gone to the workhouses. And that wouldn’t have done at all in the minds of the electorate… who all met a property requirement and were therefore almost all of the capitalist class.[5]I’ve been using the past tense in this section, but let’s be clear, all of this stuff is still going on in some form or another. The United States may not have a property requirement for voting, but since it adheres to a policy that you can spend as much as you’d like to back a candidate in an election, the interests of the wealthy count for more. New Zealand generally allows labor unions, but bans them for film workers — a state of affairs that came to be during pre-production of The Hobbit films two days AFTER the actors’ union had come to an agreement with the studio. Sure, liberal democracy’s a more representative system than monarchy, but that doesn’t mean it’s not set up to benefit a specific class. And just because many of the abuses of capitalism were legislated away doesn’t mean they don’t still happen, or that the system isn’t inherently exploitative.The system of private property makes the capitalist class a lot of money. However, they make this money not by doing work, but by selling the results of other people’s work and transmitting a fairly small chunk of the profits. The capitalist class’ interests are in keeping labor prices low and consumer goods prices high, while the proletariat’s interests run exactly the opposite direction. This fundamental disconnect between the interests of the two classes is called “class struggle.”“Hang on,” you might be saying, “this sounds like a whole heap of Marxism.”Hold on to that thought.III. Workers of the World, Disperse!So with the cities becoming squalid hellholes for the vast majority of their populations, with tenement living being a horrifying norm,[6] a whole lot of people started asking why the system was lousy for so many people, and if there was a better way of going about things.A lot of these people are still famous: Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Mikhail Bakunin, Henry George, and Robert Owen were all highly influential political philosophers, and the idea they all gravitated to was a simple one: private ownership of the means of production was a bad idea. What it meant was that some people had a lot of power, and other people had virtually none, and that in such a system, abuse was the inevitable result.[7] Many of these people used similar terminology to each other, which is why the terminology of the previous section probably gave you flashbacks to high school history and whatever brief overview of Marxism you may have gotten from it.[8]By 1864, these ideas had enough momentum behind them that the International Workingmen’s Association (the IWA, but frequently called “the First International”) was formed. With a peak membership of at least five million people, it was a massive collection of left wing groups representing proletariat interests. This included socialists, communists, and anarchists — all of whom were on pretty much the same page with regards to capitalism (it’s exploitative and sucks), private property (it’s exploitative and sucks), and where both should go (history’s dustbin).These groups, however, disagreed on a lot of the finer points of what needed to be done and what had to be done to get there. The two biggest positions represented in the IWA were Marxism and anarchism. The former, you probably have at least a passing familiarity with. Marxism says that the class struggle will eventually be resolved by the proletariat rising up and throwing the capitalist class out of power, to be replaced with a government of the proletariat.[9] Marxists believe that this government is a transitional stage, and at some point will wither away in favor of a system where there is no government at all, people organize themselves to get all necessary work done, and everyone’s happy. This is Marx’s end of history.[10]Anarchists, on the other hand, argue that Marx’s transitional period is unnecessary, and that even having that transitional state means that Marx’s endpoint cannot and will not come to pass, because there is no reason or mechanism for the government of the proletariat to disappear beyond being nice, and when you give people a choice between having power and being nice, that latter option is not the popular pick.This brings us to a major difference between the Marxists and the anarchists: the Marxists of the IWA felt that engagement in the political process as it existed was a worthwhile thing to do, because government power can be used to good end, and eventually, a government can just go away. The anarchists vehemently disagreed with this, arguing that engaging in the political process only strengthened it and made the eventual creation of a classless society far less likely or possible.A lot of this was theoretical discussion, and as such, the groups could to some extent agree to disagree. By 1872, however, the discussion was no longer theoretical at all, because radical leftist revolutions were now something actually occurring and encountering some (limited and short-lived) success. After Napoleon III’s government collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, the people of Paris organized themselves and defended the city from Prussian forces themselves. The city eventually surrendered, but refused to disarm in favor of the Third French Republic. The result was the short-lived Paris Commune, which was mostly what the Marxists and the anarchists wanted in social organization.The Paris Commune survived for all of two months before the French Third Republic’s army crushed it in the so-called “semaine sanglante” (Bloody Week). By 1872, everyone had their theories on why the Paris Commune hadn’t survived. Marx’s theories, unsurprisingly, mostly went along the lines that, while the Paris Commune had been mostly right, it hadn’t survived because it hadn’t instituted a more authoritarian government. The anarchists, on the other hand, maintained their position that, even if the authoritarian government scheme had kept the polity of the Paris Commune alive, the Commune’s spirit would have been dead then and there, and there wouldn’t have been any point to the exercise at all.With the failure of the Paris Commune, arguments regarding abstractions had become arguments regarding practicalities, and everything became more bitter for it. At the 1872 Hague Congress of the IWA, Marx and his followers expelled Mikhail Bakunin, the leader of the anarchist faction, effectively splitting the organization in two.IV. Anarcho-CommunismThis isn’t to say the anarchists were all in agreement with each other. They weren’t. Anarchists are generally united by a strong dislike and distrust of hierarchy, believing it to be mostly unjustified,[11] but do disagree on numerous points on how best to achieve the eradication of unjustifiable hierarchy.[12] Bakunin, for example, put forth the “anarcho-collectivist” position, which says that, in the future, the workers would control the means of production, and within a given industry, would decide who got what amount of salary.[13]Anarcho-collectivism isn’t a mainstream position even within anarchist circles these days. This is in no small part thanks to the work of Pyotr Kropotkin, who argued that even anarcho-collectivism wasn’t going far enough to distance itself from the existing capitalist system, and that rather than apportioning goods through the market, we should use a system of “to each according to their need.” Kropotkin’s formulation is called “anarcho-communism,” and its basic theory is to do Marxism without the transitional step and without asserting whatever comes next is definitely the last word in how society ought to be run.At this point, you may be wondering how on earth anything gets done in an anarcho-communist society. If everyone takes what they need, aren’t people going to be jerks and take more than they need? And how do we get people to do the jobs that need to be done? Isn’t everyone just a free rider in such a situation and we end up with the tragedy of the commons?To answer this question, let’s look at how capitalism solves these problems. In capitalism, people constantly take more than they need, and leave very little for others. It’s the normal state of affairs: there are over 2000 billionaires globally, and the top eight of them control as much wealth as the bottom 50% of the global population. In the meanwhile, about a sixth of the world’s population lives on $1.90 a day or less.[14] So the current solution to keeping people from hoovering up more than they need and leaving less for everyone else is to- hey look, a massive distraction right behind you![15] In other words, the question of how to avoid people taking more than they need is frequently — not always, but frequently — asked in bad faith.The more rhetorically-inclined among you will notice that I just engaged in some pretty shameless whataboutism: just because capitalism has a problem and certain capitalist critiques of anarcho-communism aren’t the most honest things you’ll find doesn’t mean that those critiques are wrong. So let’s answer the question with another question: why do people take more than they need? Why become a billionaire?It’s because that doing so gives you a massive amount of power. Do you want to impose your will on reality? Better have some coercive power! But if everyone has what they need and will continue to have what they need regardless of what you offer them, then what good is that extra money? So what’s the incentive to take more?The other critique isn’t quite so heinous. Under the current system, we get people to work by telling them that if they don’t, they will starve to death and we’re all cool with that. Therefore, your options are to either get a job or starve.[16] Which means that, yes, you’ll have successfully motivated someone to work, but only hard enough to not get fired (and therefore, only hard enough to not go hungry).This isn’t a great system of motivating people to work. It’s effective to an extent, but then again, so’s “work hard enough to avoid the whip,” a system we all at least nominally agree is bad. So yeah, saying “work or starve” — a system that the radical left labels “wage slavery” — will get people to be productive, but it’s significantly less effective at getting people to be productive than it is to have people doing work they want to do.You might think that this is impossible in some cases. For example, the United States is heavily reliant on undocumented workers for agricultural production because getting American citizens to do fruit picking is pretty much a non-starter. However, fruit picking is an awful job because it pays nothing, because otherwise, there aren’t any profits to be had in owning an orchard. It’s not an awful job because of anything specific to the work itself — which we know because every fall, it’s really easy to find New Yorkers leaving the city to go to pay orchard owners to let them pick apples. The problem isn’t the work, the problem is the job, and the job is the problem because owners need to make a profit. This turns out to be true in a lot of cases, which explains why a lot of people don’t do the jobs that correspond to the work they’d actually like to do: if being a high school teacher means working full days and then also needing to work a shift or three at Wal-Mart per week just to put food on the table (hi Oklahoma!), forget it.Obviously, these are all massive oversimplifications, and I’m not going to pretend otherwise. If you’d like a better explanation, check out Kropotkin’s works themselves — The Conquest of Bread and Mutual Aid are still highly readable. But something I haven’t dealt with in this section is how we get to this state of affairs.This is what anarcho-syndicalism is about. Anarcho-syndicalism says that syndicates can just take up management of the means of production and call it a day. Democratically-run — and I mean direct democracy, not representative democracy — labor unions can run the show, and we end up with anarcho-communism doing what needs to be done.[17]But, uh, this has been a whole lot of theory. Does it work?V. YesAs a political position, anarchism hasn’t had too many opportunities at the big time. Its most famous time in the sun came in Spain in the 1930’s.The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) was founded in 1910. It was, and remains, an anarcho-syndicalist labor union. It is a formation of workers that uses direct democracy to organize itself. It includes worker collectives (where the workers own the means of production, but those means are still private property because this is a capitalist system) but also workers employed in more standard shops. It generally doesn’t engage with the government.However, in 1936, this changed. The Second Spanish Republic spent most of the 1930’s lurching from crisis to crisis, culminating in a revolt of the army in 1936. This was the beginning of the Spanish Civil War, and the Second Spanish Republic was caught pretty much completely flat-footed. Had it simply come down to the Republic, the far right in Spain (the “Nationalists”) would have come to power in 1936 and that would have been that.That’s not what happened. Instead, the CNT (and other labor unions), knowing full well that their very lives were at stake, armed and mobilized themselves to stop the fascists. The government eventually distributed weaponry to the unions and their militias, thus keeping the major cities (including Madrid, Barcelona, and Valencia) out of Nationalist hands. Nominally, Catalonia (of which Barcelona is the capital) remained in Republican hands.In any real sense, the unions were running the show — in particular, the CNT. The result of this was the collectivization of agriculture (mostly, but not entirely, voluntary) as well as every other industry. Self-management of workplaces became the norm, with direct democracy being used to keep everything running. And it worked: not only did productivity in Catalonia not go down, it actually increased. Food production went up by more than 30%. Similarly, the region held off the Nationalist threat.[18]But since Catalonia is no longer organized along anarcho-syndicalist lines, what went wrong?The Nationalists were getting a large chunk of help from the Italians, the Germans, and the Portuguese. The Republicans saw help from fewer quarters — the Mexicans and the Soviets sent some aid, but not to the same extent. Soviet aid came with significant strings attached. In particular, the Soviets desired the end of the revolutionary project in Catalonia, because it was making western European countries nervous, and that wasn’t helping Soviet foreign policy.As such, the Republic started moving against the revolutionaries. The POUM, an anti-Stalin Marxist party, was crushed during the “May Days” of 1936, an event described in George Orwell’s Homage to Catalonia, and the Second Spanish Republic took back control of the area with the backing of the Soviet Union. Capitalism was quickly re-established, ironically by the PCE — the Communist Party of Spain.This is generally what happens with anarchist experiments: they’re founded in the midst of a war, they do a decent job of running the show,[19] and then they get crushed because everyone else attacks them. This also happened in Ukraine in the Free Territory, which survived from 1918 to 1921 before being crushed by the Soviet Union. As it turns out, when you create a functioning and productive society based on the principle of equality and the destruction of hierarchy, the people at the top of existing hierarchies aren’t going to like you. And since that’s practically every existing society, yeah, the lack of allies is a problem.But the thing is, when everyone doesn’t attack it, anarcho-syndicalism works.[1] Late nineteenth century money here. Some estimates place that as upwards of $200 billion in today’s money.[2] Stealing the public land and having the government legitimize the theft was a big thing five hundred years ago — the process was called “enclosure.”[3] Proudhon coined this phrase in an 1840 book called What is Property? The translation I read — in the series of “Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought” — was a squidge dry, but worth checking out.[4] Check out Friedrich Engels’ The Condition of the Working Class in England for a full report on that. There are a few problems with Engels’ text — he did get a few things wrong in his reportage, and he tends to idealize the pre-industrial period — but it’s still well worth the read.[5] Not that the workhouse system got all that much better with the reform of the electorate: George Orwell describes his experience with them in the 1930’s in Down and Out in Paris and London, and views it as a mindlessly punitive system.[6] If you’d like pictures of this, check out Jacob Riis’ 1890 photojournalism classic, How the Other Half Lives, which documented the slums of New York City of the time. Riis used many racial slurs, so if you just want to skip the text and look at the pictures, I wouldn’t blame you for it.[7] Subsequent behavioral economics experiments have borne this one out but good. There’s an experiment called “the dictator game” where two people have a pot of money, one person chooses how the money is to be distributed between the two of them, and then it is distributed, and that’s it.Unsurprisingly, the money does not get distributed evenly, or even close to it. The complete cynics in the audience, however, may be surprised to hear that the dictator rarely took all the money. Turns out, people have difficulty thinking of themselves as good people if they take all the money, and people also derive some utility from thinking of themselves as good people.[8] Unless, of course, you grew up in a Marxist-Leninist country, at which point, it gave you flashbacks to some very lengthy discussions on these topics.[9] Marx’s actually terminology here is “dictatorship of the proletariat.” Marx himself did not believe a literal dictatorship was required to make the whole shebang work, which is why I’m not using the terminology here — but as we’ll see, it’s not entirely misleading.[10] A concept stolen wholesale from Hegel. The basic idea is that at this point, the argument regarding how people ought to best govern themselves will have been resolved, so while stuff will continue to happen, history as a rhetorical process will be done.To see an example of why declaring any state of affairs to be the end of history is a really stupid idea, I recommend Francis Fukuyama’s The End of History and the Last Man, where Fukuyama argues that, after the fall of the Soviet Union, we all came to the conclusion that democracy and capitalism were definitely the way to go with regards to organizing societies. In the twenty-six years since Fukuyama’s self-congratulatory (I apologize for the use of the following, generally overused, word) neoliberal idiocy got published, we’ve learned that, no, we are totally not at the end of history, and the debate is far from settled.(This is to say that I don’t actually recommend reading Fukuyama, unless you like reading boring people being wrong. Which, to be fair, may explain, like, half the people reading this answer.)[11] OK, this isn’t true of all political philosophies that label themselves anarchist. Anarcho-capitalists are pretty well completely in love with the concept, and national anarchism is a flavor of Nazism and therefore also big on hierarchy, and also on being completely nonsensical. Of course, these are right-wing positions that generally are not viewed as anarchist by anyone except themselves.[12] Anarchists accept that some form of hierarchy is necessary. To quote Bakunin:Does it follow that I reject all authority? Perish the thought. In the matter of boots, I defer to the authority of the bootmaker; concerning houses, canals, or railroads, I consult the architect or the engineer. For such special knowledge I apply to such a "savant." But I allow neither the bootmaker nor the architect nor the "savant" to impose his authority on me. I listen to them freely and with all the respect merited by their intelligence, their character, their knowledge, reserving always my incontestable right of criticism and censure. I do not content myself with consulting a single authority in any special branch; I consult several; I compare their opinions and choose that which seems to me soundest. But I recognize no infallable authority, even in special questions; consequently, whatever respect I may have for the honesty and the sincerity of an individual, I have no absolute faith in any person. Such a faith would be fatal to my reason, to my liberty, and even to the success of my undertakings; it would immediately transform me into a stupid slave, the tool of other people's will and interests.[13] Important to note: this isn’t Bakunin’s terminology at all, and I’m massively simplifying. Bakunin actually advocated the abolition of money — a system that primarily exists to make capitalist purchases possible — in favor of labor vouchers that could be used to purchase personal property, like clothes, food, that sort of thing.[14] It is at this point that I must point out that the rates of extreme poverty worldwide have, in fact, been dropping, and that while it used to be that well over 90% of the world’s population used to live in extreme poverty, we’re now down to under 20%. What this means is that fewer people are having as much difficulty as they used to in procuring their basic needs. I would argue this has far less to do with any “success” of capitalism than it has to do with colonialism being something people increasingly agree is a bad thing to do.[15] Some people will argue that the way we deal with this issue is to set up sweatshops for a few generations, let wealth eventually accrue to the countries where the sweatshops are set up, and eventually everyone gets out of poverty. I recently read this charming position, which is charmingly totally okay with human misery now so long as it could potentially end at some point in the indeterminate future, in the pop economics book The Undercover Economist by Tim Harford, who I’m sure would view sweatshops as a good and necessary construct even if he didn’t have a job with the Financial Times and instead did piecework in one of those factories.[16] Unless, of course, you’re one of those people who was born into wealth, at which point, free ride away![17] If you’re only going to read one book that I’ve recommended, go with Rudolf Rocker’s Anarcho-Syndicalism: Theory and Practice. Anarcho-Syndicalism | AK Press[18] Because I do not want to give the impression that things were paradisical, they were decidedly not. This was also the time of what historians call “the Red Terror,” when left-wing militias murdered thousands of right-wingers.[19] I do not mean to attempt to trivialize the Red Terror with such a statement. Murder is awful. It is also something that every side in the Spanish Civil War did. By normal human standards, the murders were horrifying and despicable. By the standards of the Spanish Civil War, they were par for the course — the White Terror was the Nationalist equivalent.

Yes, China does have the ability to produce original products people can’t miss.Schematic of the bottom-up approach to regenerate isotropic wood. (a) Natural wood particles, for example, wood sawdust. (b) Surface-etched wood particle with cellulose microfibers exposed from the surface. (c) Surface nanocrystallized wood particle (SNWP) with numerous cellulose nanofibers expanded from the surface. (d) Assembly of SNWP induced by Ca2+ and hydrogen bonds. (e) The obtained RGI-wood by hot-pressing.Structure of RGI-wood. Photographs of (a) untreated wood sawdust (natural wood particles), (b) surface-etched freeze-dried wood particles and (c) freeze-dried free-standing sponge of SNWP. (d) RGI-wood sample with a volume of 400 × 400 × 19 mm3, weighing 4.1 kg. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of (e) untreated wood particles, (f) surface-etched wood particles with the cellulose microfibers exposed from surface, (g) freeze-dried SNWP with numerous cellulose nanofibers expanding from surface and (h) section of RGI-wood sample, a large number of cellulose nanofibers pulling out during the break. (i) The BET surface areas of natural wood particles, surface-etched wood particles and SNWP are 12.63 m2 g−1, 14.72 m2 g−1 and 41.99 m2 g−1, respectively. (j) XRD patterns show that the crystallinity of cellulose of natural wood particles is 63.9 ± 0.70%, whereas that of SNWP is 71.4 ± 0.26%, which confirms a typical feature of cellulose nanofibers. (k) The increasing mechanical performance of different stages of wood particles proved that the outstanding mechanical performance results from the surface nanostructure of the wood particles in RGI-wood. The blue columns represent flexural strength and the yellow columns represent flexural modulus. [1] Regenerated isotropic woodThe team of Academician Yu Shuhong [2] of the University of Science and Technology of China has deeply analyzed the microstructure of biomass, and used the new biomass surface nanometering strategy of natural structure to construct a new type of all-biomass bionic wood without adhesives successfully.In this high-performance bionic wood, a large number of nanofibers are exposed on micron-sized wood chips particles. These fibers are combined into an intertwined nanofiber network through the effects of ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and physical entanglement. Without adding any binder, the wood pellets are tightly combined by these fiber networks to form a high-strength dense structure.Experiment results show that the mechanical strength of the bionic wood prepared by this strategy surpasses natural solid wood and traditional man-made panels, can be made into large-size materials, and also exhibits excellent flame retardancy, water resistance, conductivity and electromagnetic shielding. It can achieve self-heating at a low voltage of 1.75 volts, and it can be heated to 60 degrees Celsius within 5 minutes. This feature can effectively ensure the safety of self-heating equipment and reduce energy consumption.The first new generation large-size integrated circuit silicon single crystal growth equipment jointly developed by Xi'an University of Technology and Xi'an Eswell Silicon Technology Co., Ltd. has achieved a successful trial production in Xi'an recently.Since 2018, the team of Professor Liu Ding of Xi'an University of Technology has worked closely with Xi'an Eswell Silicon Wafer Technology Co., Ltd. to carry out technical research and successfully developed high-quality silicon single crystal materials with a diameter of 300 mm and a length of 2,100 mm. It has achieved a breakthrough in successfully drawing large-size, high-quality integrated circuit-level silicon single crystal materials using independently developed domestic equipment in China.The Chinese made hybrid Tianjic Chip is the world's first heterogeneous fusion brain-like chip, and has successfully verified the feasibility of general intelligence through self-driving bicycles. [3] The revolutionary chip can adopt various core architectures, reconfigurable building blocks and so on, to accommodate both computer-science-based machine-learning algorithms and neuroscience-oriented schemes such as brain-inspired circuits.On October 14th, 2020, Zhang Youhui's team from the Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University and Shi Luping's team from the Department of Precision Instruments and their collaborators published an article in the journal Nature, and proposed for the first time the "completeness of brain-like computing" and the decoupling of software and hardware system hierarchy. This is the third result published in the regular issue of Nature after Tsinghua University's "Tianjic Movement Core" and "Multi-array Memristor Storage and Computing Integrated System" in the past year. It is also the first completion unit of the Department of Computer Science and the first "Nature" paper published by a communication unit.The research result is the further exploration of Shi Luping's team in the field of brain-inspired computing and general artificial intelligence.Professor Luping Shi’s team published a cover paper in Nature - Towards artificial general intelligence with hybrid Tianjic chip architectureAt present, the team has started research on the next-generation chip, which is expected to be completed early next year.Lei Deng | Innovators Under 35On December 3, 2020, the world's first high-position turbine generator set has officially entered the stage of trial operation with load. That is the Chinese independent design and construction of such 660MW ultra-supercritical coal-fired generator sets.It was confirmed on site that the technical indicators of the unit were in compliance with the design requirements, the swing parameters of the high-position layout were within the normal range, and the unit was in good condition, laying a solid foundation for the subsequent commercial operation of the unit.As a key construction project of the Chinese National Air Pollution Prevention and Control Plan, the latest 660MW ultra-supercritical coal-fired generating sets are built andThe "world's first" high-level arrangement of steam turbine generator sets, the "world's first" eight-machine and one-control centralized control method, the "world's first" integral frame spring-isolated steam turbine generator base, direct air cooling, and a single boiler auxiliary unit are adopted. 16 environmental protection innovations, intelligent and intelligent technologies such as series and centralized control of the whole plant will provide key technical reserves for the next development of 700℃ high-parameter and large-capacity thermal power units in China, which is of great significance to promote the Chinese energy technology revolution.It is understood that the conventional thermal power generator set is arranged at a height of 13.7 meters. After the project is arranged in a high position, the steam turbine generator set is arranged on a 65-meter high platform, which is equivalent to a 20-story building. Arranging the steam turbine generator set at a high position can effectively save the steam supply pipeline. Generally speaking, it shortens the high temperature and high pressure steam supply pipeline from the boiler to the steam turbine. This alone can save project investment of 49.8 million yuan and reduce the coal consumption of power supply by 1.1 g/ Kilowatt hours.At present, the steam temperature of the world's thermal power generating units is in the range of 620-635 degrees Celsius. In the next step, the Chinese will develop high-parameter, large-capacity thermal power units at 700 degrees Celsius. The high-temperature, high-pressure, large-capacity units require longer pipelines and higher prices. Therefore, the high-level arrangement of steam turbine generator sets successfully connected to the grid for power generation has very important and far-reaching significance for promoting the energy technology revolution in my country.The smooth grid-connected power generation of the world’s first high-level turbine generator set will, on the one hand, effectively improve the clean and efficient utilization of coal resources in northern Shaanxi, China, increase the coal conversion rate on the spot, and make a positive contribution to the national air pollution control; on the other hand, the successful practical application of high-level layout technology will effectively enhance the technical competitiveness of the Chinese thermal power industry, and is important for optimizing the energy structure, promoting green and low-carbon development, and accelerating the construction of a new development pattern in which the domestic and big cycle is the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promote each other.Quantum computational advantage using photonsA research team led by the renowned Chinese quantum physicist Pan Jianwei at the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei, China, announced Friday, 12/04/2020, they made a significant breakthrough in quantum computational advantage.The team established a quantum computer prototype, named "Jiuzhang," via which up to 76 photons were detected. The study was published in Science magazine online.This achievement marks that China has reached the first milestone on the path to full-scale quantum computing, a quantum computational advantage, also known as "quantum supremacy".No traditional computer can perform the same task in a reasonable amount of time, and the speedup is unlikely to be overturned by classical algorithmic or hardware improvements, according to the team.In the study, Gaussian boson sampling (GBS), a classical simulation algorithm, was used to provide a highly efficient way of demonstrating quantum computational speedup in solving some well-defined tasks.The average detected photon number by the prototype is 43, while up to 76 output photon-clicks were observed.Jiuzhang's quantum computing system can implement large-scale GBS 100 trillion times faster than the world's fastest existing supercomputer.The team also said the new prototype processes 10 billion times faster than the 53-qubit quantum computer developed by Google."Quantum computational advantage is like a threshold," said Lu Chaoyang, professor of the University of Science and Technology of China. "It means that, when a new quantum computer prototype's capacity surpasses that of the strongest traditional computer in handling a particular task, it proves that it will possibly make breakthroughs in multiple other areas."The breakthrough is the result of 20 years of effort by Pan's team, which conquered several major technological stumbling blocks, including a high-quality photon source."For example, it is easy for us to have one sip of water each time, but it is difficult to drink just a water molecule each time," Pan said. "A high-quality photon source needs to 'release' just one photon each time, and each photon needs to be exactly the same, which is quite a challenge."Compared with conventional computers, Jiuzhang is currently just a "champion in one single area," but its super-computing capacity has application potential in areas such as graph theory, machine learning and quantum chemistry, according to the team.A quantum computer that measures light has achieved quantum supremacyChinese scientists won the highest award for hepatitis B research for the first time.Dr. Wenhui Li, a senior researcher at the Beijing Institute of Life Sciences and a professor at the Biomedical Intersection Institute of Tsinghua University, won the world’s highest award in the field of hepatitis B research and treatment on November 12th, 2020, for his outstanding contributions to promoting hepatitis B research and treatment, Baruch S. Blumberg Prize.Named after Dr. Baruch S. Blumberg, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1976, this award was established by the Hepatitis B Foundation in Pennsylvania, USA, and aims to reward important research and treatment related to hepatitis B. Individuals who promote and contribute significantly are hailed as the highest honor in the field. Baruch Blumberg, who passed away in 2011, won the 1976 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology for his discovery of hepatitis B virus. He was also the co-founder of the Hepatitis B Foundation.After receiving his doctorate degree from Peking Union Medical College in 2001, Dr. Li Wenhui went to Harvard Medical School for postdoctoral research and later served as a lecturer. After the SARS outbreak in 2003, he and his colleagues fought day and night and discovered the first SARS receptor ACE2 in the world, which caused a sensation among international colleagues. In 2007, Dr. Li Wenhui returned to China to join the Beijing Institute of Biological Sciences and began to focus on the study of hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus infection. After five years of painstaking research, his team finally discovered the co-receptor of hepatitis B and hepatitis D viruses invading human cells-NTCP (sodium taurocholate cotransporter).The discovery of hepatitis B virus receptors opened a new door. After the publication of Dr. Li Wenhui's research results, internationally renowned hepatitis B research institutions and pharmaceutical companies are adopting the R&D technology system he created to carry out follow-up research and drug development.On September 16, 2020, Weichai Group, a leader in China's internal combustion engine industry, held a launch ceremony in Jinan, Shandong, China, officially launching the world's first commercialized diesel engine with a brake thermal efficiency over 50%.Weichai created five original Chinese proprietary technologies: advanced fields synergy combustion technology, harmonius design technology, exhaust energy distribution technology, subzone lubrication technology and WISE control technology, which all help solve a series of world-class problems and achieve high efficiency combustion with low heat transfer, high PFP with high reliability, low friction loss, low emission pollutants, intelligent control, etc., so that the brake thermal efficiency of the base diesel engine exceeds 50%. This diesel engine with a brake thermal efficiency over 50% is the best in the world.Groups of Chinese scientists, led by Tu Youyou, managed to discover and extract a substance, artemisinin, which inhibits the malaria parasite. The substance was extracted from the plant, sweet wormwood. That is a completely Chinese original product in the world.Tu Youyou got the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015.The first Chinese original hydrogen bomb was made in 1967.Yunnan Baiyao is an original Chinese proprietary traditional Chinese medicine very effectively used to stop bleeding either internally or externally.Dongfanghong I was the first original Chinese proprietary satellite launched successfully on 24 April 1970.On May 24, 2017, for the first time in the world, Chinese engineers have successfully extracted natural gas from icy deposits beneath the South China Sea. The exact location is in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea, about 300km southeast of Hong Kong.China has set two world records in terms of the total gas output in a month and the daily gas production of 28,700 cubic meters. The Chinese scientists and engineers invented the 32 key original Chinese technologies including the horizontal well drilling in deep sea's shallow soft layer and 12 pieces of original Chinese core equipment including the deep sea's wellhead suction anchor.Recently, on August 14, 2020, the team of Academician Yu Shuhong at the University of Science and Technology of China inspired by natural shells, has developed a new type of thin film material, which exhibits mechanical and optical properties far exceeding traditional plastics in terms of strength, toughness, and light transmittance. If it is buried in the soil about two months, it can be degraded without pollution. It is expected to become an ideal material for flexible electronic devices, and so on.The Chinese research team successfully constructed a "brick-fiber" shell-like layered structure using two natural components of nano-clay sheet and bacterial cellulose, and developed a high-performance composite film material using aerosol-assisted biosynthesis.Experiment measurement results show that the strength of this new type of film material reaches 482 MPa, which is more than 6 times that of the current commonly used commercial plastic film. It has good flexibility and can be folded into various shapes without obvious damage after unfolding. This new material also has excellent light transmittance, achieving high transparency of more than 73% and high optical haze of more than 80% in the visible light range of the human eye.Traditional plastic film is very easy to soften and deform at high temperature. In contrast, this new material has excellent thermal stability. When the temperature changes by 100 degrees Celsius, its size change is only three ten thousandths, and its stable structure and performance can still be maintained at 250 degrees Celsius.More importantly, the unique raw material composition makes this new material green and pollution-free throughout its life cycle. Bacterial cellulose will degrade naturally in the soil in about two months.Recently, the research results were published in the academic journal "Substance" (or “Materials”) under the "Cell" Publishing Group. Because of the advantages of high performance, low cost, and simple process, this new material is very competitive in the fields of flexible electronic devices, new displays, and photoelectric conversion. At present, the Chinese scientific research team is actively promoting application and industrialization of the new material.Chinese scientists successfully developed degradable bionic transparent filmOn November 10, 2020, the third-generation methanol-to-olefins (DMTO-Ⅲ) technology developed by the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences has passed the scientific and technological achievement appraisal organized by the China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation in Beijing.Since the 1980s, Dalian Institute of Chemical Industry has conducted more than 30 years of research and development work on methanol-to-olefin catalysts and process technology. It has overcome a series of difficulties in catalysts, reaction processes, engineering and industrialization complete sets of technologies, and achieved A series of inventions and innovations finally formed a methanol-to-olefin technology that can use non-petroleum resources to produce low-carbon olefins.The main researcher of this technology, academician Liu Zhongmin of the institute, said that this technology has been developed for three generations. In June 2006, the first-generation methanol-to-olefins (DMTO) technology completed the 10,000-ton-level industrial test. In August 2010, the first industrialization of coal-based methanol to low-carbon olefins was realized in the world. In May 2010, the second-generation methanol-to-olefins (DMTO-II) technology completed the 10,000-ton industrial test and achieved its first industrialization in December, 2014.DMTO-Ⅲ technology is a complete technical solution including a new high-efficiency fluidized bed reactor and a new generation of catalysts. In terms of DMTO-Ⅲ technology development, the Dalian Institute of Chemical Technology team conducted in-depth research on the multi-scale process of methanol to olefins, established a theoretical method from molecular sieve reaction diffusion to the distribution of carbon deposits on the catalyst in the reactor, and developed the control of olefins through the carbon deposits Selective technical route. On this basis, based on a new generation of methanol-to-olefin catalyst, a high-efficiency fluidized bed reactor with large methanol processing capacity, few side reactions, and flexibility to optimize the catalyst operating window has been developed, and the kiloton-level pilot test has been completed.Compared with the previous technology, the economy of DMTO-Ⅲ technology has been significantly improved. According to estimates, the unit olefin cost of the DMTO-Ⅲ technology industrial plant is reduced by about 10% compared with the existing DMTO plant, and the energy consumption per unit of olefin production capacity can be significantly reduced.The industrialization of a new generation of catalysts and the successful development of DMTO-Ⅲ technology have enabled my country to maintain a continuous international leading position in the field of methanol-to-olefin technology. This technology will also play an important role in ensuring energy security and promoting clean and efficient use of coal.There you have a partial original Chinese inventions for your reference. More is available until next time.Footnotes[1] Regenerated isotropic wood[2] http://en.scms.ustc.edu.cn/2011/0703/c13455a89259/page.htm[3] Nature Cover Story | Chinese Team’s ‘Tianjic Chip’ Bridges Machine Learning and Neuroscience in…

Edit#4 Speaks for itself.******* Original Answer*****Before i answer that here are some images:IraqSyriaSimilarly..All these images are taken within an interval of 5 years.Now see this:Dubai: 2000 and 2016 (16 Years)The point is it takes max 5 years to destroy a country. But to build it, it takes decades.Destruction is quick, creation is a long tedious process and you need love & passion to create something.So next time consider this.Nobody needs 70 years to destroy a nation.Let’s assume your goal is to destroy a country completely would you really approach it like this?When your only interest is to completely sell a nation, you have to be crazily gullible to bring a law which gives power to ordinary citizen to question every politician and bureaucrat and to top it up, you impose deadline to provide the answer!Only a really gullible person will make sure the population they want to destroy completely gets a scheme which ensures they don’t sleep hungry.You need to be a grade 1 disillusioned person to make sure that the country you want to sell off has a scheme run by you which makes education a right of every child.It makes me wonder who makes the policy in your office when you pay 1% of your GDP to petrol companies so that the very population you want to loot and destroy gets petrol at a price of 70 rupees and not 140 rupees.If You are simply an enemy of the culture, heritage, sanskrit, vedas, history of this country and you wish to make the local population to feel ashamed of themselves and yet you make mistakes like a novice such as these?I mean seriously, you rebrand the first education board in this country you are planning to demolish and you give the education board a logo like this?!I mean come on! Seriously? What is this exactly? Wait a minute is it the symbol of Draupadi swyamwar where Arjun takes aim at a fish’s eye? Classic mistake you have made there, this logo will be seen by every child and he would get to know what it is, he will get to know who arjun was, what mahabharat is, who Krishna was and eventually he will get to know about Gita, most revered holy book of Hindus. Weren’t your ancestors muslims, Mr Giyasuddin? Couldn’t you drop a subtle hint of Mecca-Medina? Any way i expect you to play smooth. Better luck next time.1962 Now make a central board of secondary education here you had an opportunity to make a mark on national level and what did you do?Seriously?! A Sanskrit quote from Bṛhadāraṇyaka upnishad?!First you take the quote from Upanishads and you top it up with a “Diya” which reminds of Diwali and you put up a book in front of that diya and voila, symbolism! This picture now says the exact meaning of the Sanskrit quote you just quoted.Well you have just started, i expect you to catch on next time. I couldn’t understand what forced you to open Kendriya Vidyalay? Subsidised high level education with competent teachers having completed PGT, TGT degrees and that too in every district? This is beyond logic “sir”, but if you have resolved make sure Kendriya Vidyalaya logo has some thing in it that makes them forget their roots:3…2…1… what did you do!!Again a quote in sanskrit from the Īśāvāsyopaniṣad!You do realize that this school will be opened in every district and best of best minds will study here, they will remember this sanskrit quote for life. I am not getting how you will make them alienated from their culture!Wait wait wait… You don’t get the symbolism do you! If i look back you have painted the whole institutions in quotes from vedas, upnishads and its all sankskrit!I mean, i do not understand what is the plan to make this country forget the roots when essentially every field has got a basic thing as a logo which reminds them of their culture!Anyway when you are looking to ram all this to dust why do you needAICTE? Technical education council in a country which just got independence? You have bullock carts running in every city let alone villages. This technical education is going to backfire and these people’s live are going to get better, further the atmosphere this will create is going to empower them. They have a broken morale from years of slavery you sir are empowering them.When you and your family can visit best of the best hospitals in London anytime what is the need of advanced medical research institutes in India? What is the need of AIIMS, MAMC? Did you just start a competitive examination for medical, engineering entrance?This country is asking every 5 years who after you? So probably you can make you wishes the law and you are creating a BAR Council?See as per my knowledge i know you dont give a damn about these people if you cant see it, these institutes you are opening will end up benefiting the masses.Why did you open Sangeet Natak Akademi, And National School Of Drama?What is wrong with you sir? No wonder you were sent to jail for3 Thousand2 Hundred59 Days…The trick you played with this country won’t go down well, let the time come.Sir, you don’t know to play your cards well.When first IIT was opened at Kharagpur, you didn’t even go to its inauguration to click pictures! Classic mistake. The Minister Of Education went there?Now to ask bhakts, I have one question. I really dont get it exactly how do these people intended to destroy the country!? What exactly is their big game here??Its 70 years already.Maybe you read it in a whatsapp forward…?!?!!Edit 1: Answers to comments:Modi hatao desh bachaoIt’s mamta’s election slogal just like every party gave its slogan namely congress mukt bharat, naturally corrupt party (NCP) saraab (SP-RJD-BSP), mahathagbandhan and so on. So these are election slogans every party makes them even jansangh (which became BJP) came with the same thing ‘Indira Hatao Desh Bachao’. Just like Indira won post that slogan, modi won too. I feel the opposition parties had taken up issues rather than slogans. So there is nothing to justify there. Its a poor yet normal election tactic.70 years of so called progress certainly cannot be destroyed in 6 years:True. But you know that how economics works. a 100 rupee note kept for 1 year in your pocket won’t be worth 100 rupees 1 year later. So you need YoY growth to race ahead. It was 5 years till 2019, now this will be 10 years. So uncalculated decisions like demonetisation can happen for 4 more years. If you have a belief that it was a good decision just ignore this point. Just check what modi ji said about demonetisation on 8 November 2019.Logos are ineffective?I guarantee you don’t know many languages but you can recognize the logo you know in any language. Try googling Coca Cola logos in different languages. If you open a company, institute or any entity the just think about the time you will spend considering the logo. Its the heart of the theme and what people include in the logo says a lot about what they believe. Nobody forgets their school logo and the phrase associated with it so yes its important.Brain-Drain:Its true India suffered huge brain drain in the early years, today also its happening but it has reduced. Consider this scenario. You come form a village or tier 3 city. Your district has engineering college which provides degree in computer science. Now after you graduate there are no software companies in your district so you move to metros. Isn't this a brain drain for your city/state. Slowly your state will catch on. You will send money back to your parents/family they will build house/furniture/vehicles. Your family prospers all this because an educational institute was nearby. Similarly India had institutes that honed the talent that was in India in those days. They were able to study in top class colleges that is the reason they were able to move out. Nehru stayed in india and made it. The onus is not on Nehru for brain drain its on the people who moved out if there is because we are a free country people can pursue whatever they want if it doesn't harm others and makes them happy.Why a modi needed to focus on sanitation and LPG cylinders:Credit must be given where its due. Ujjwala Yojna as a scheme is really good. The government did whatever to get it started be it asking people to let go of subsidy. Thinking that every house hold should have gas stove is a good idea. Government is still working on to make people refill the cylinders and it is really good. I whole heartily applaud this scheme.Sanitation is not an activity of 1 day. Homes get cleaned daily so does every apparatus linked with swachh bharat scheme. But they are really busy to show that this scheme is completed and successful.Let me share the origins of Swachh Bharat. This idea of swachh bharat was conceived as Nirmal Bharat, idea was to reduce the medical spending of government on healthcare by preventive means. The central idea that came to light was if only the whole country is made open defecation free healthcare costs can be reduced on a great scale. For this whole concept and branding was done for Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan and 4260 crore were sanctioned in 2012 for 2013–14 year this included 426 cr specifically for the north east. Swachh Bharat is a rebranded nirmal bharat abhiyan and so are many schemes. But these are essential schemes and should not be shunned because political opponent proposed it. So yes, Atal JI, and Manmohan Singh Ji equally cared about this issue just as Modiji.Edit #2Actually my point was that its wrong to completely demonize any party which time and again took some really good decisions for betterment of citizens.But for sake of argument lets assume congress’s 60 years lasted till 2014 starting 1947 and taking your points one by one:Congress is blamed for 60+ years of mediocrity.- From being a majority illiterate populace to an exporter of highly skilled individuals who occupy key positions in almost all companies lets even leave this and talk about only food.- In the meantime India became a famine affected country to food surplus country.I will not even come to ISRO and other stuff. Have you ever contemplated what it means to be a Vegetarian + Food Surplus country (Will comeback to this later)?In my understanding India cannot be compared toSingapore because its smaller than goa in area and has population 15% less than that of Pune. And its immigration based. You know what is the benefit of immigration, the labour is skilled and efficient. Today no one can settle in a developed country on their whims. It needs an speciality to do so. Only contributors are accepted. Dont think I am correct check Canada's immigration point calculator the most immigrant welcoming country right now: Canada point system | Know you eligibility and more about CRS scoreWhen such skilled people go to countries like this, they start contributing from Day 1.USA: With size 3 times bigger & population 4 times that of India. It is almost full part of one continent which is not covered in snow and is suitable for agriculture.JAPAN/Any European Country: India, again because of Nehru’s non alignment policy, developed on its own without any Marshall Plans, taking sanctions head on. No technology support because of out non alignment stand. We have freedom to build as much army, navy, airforce as we deem suitable. Many of these so called developed countries after taking development plans lost rights to advance in defence fields.In the world of USSRs and USA india dreamed to become India, that doesn’t care what world says to it.Also india never colonized any country.So which country can be compared to India? That’s China: because it has the population of our scale and has arable land comparable to us. But do we want the life that last 2 generations of Chinese lived for our fathers and grand fathers?Where work meant 15+ hrs at sweatshops. Falling victims of flawed population control policies like“One Child Policy” : John Oliver Looks at China's One-Child Policy (Video link included)where parents suffered in ways unimaginable to you. And us in today’s prosperous china where life is 9-9-6.In India working hard is a choice, in China its not.Coming back to my point: Have you ever contemplated what it means to be a Vegetarian + Food Surplus country? Almost equivalent population of china is heavily dependent of meat and sea food that requires way lesser attention to grow that plant based food.India hadGreen Revolution : Agriculture (Food Grains).White Revolution : Milk & Dairy Products.Blue Revolution : Fishes Production.Pink Revolution : Prawn ,Onions, PharmaceuticalSilver Revolution : Egg/ Poultry Productions.Round Revolution : Potato.Golden Revolution : Honey, Horticulture.Grey Revolution : FertilizersBrown Revolution : Cocoa, Leather.Red Revolution : Meat & Tomatoes.Black Revolution : Petroleum Productions.Rainbow Revolution : Fruits (considered as 2nd Green Revolution).Yellow Revolution : Oil Seeds, Edible Oil, Especially Mustard and Sunflower.Golden Fiber : Jute.Silver Fiber : Cotton.Evergreen Revolution : Overall Development of Agriculture.This is no small feat. Today an Indian can eat 1 complete meal at a mess under 1 dollar, i say that’s amazing no other country on earth can do that.So if sir, this is mediocrity for you, i am impressed by your standards.Blame BJP for the last 6–7 years:Lets refresh memory here: Do you remember words policy paralysis? At that point of time india was growing at a rate of 8%, without changing the GDP calculation formula and china grew in 8–12% range, that was the UPA time when news channels compared india’s growth to China.Like everyone else, everyone believed that 8% (Without changed formula is not a good growth %) and someone better than congress must come to take india to 15+% growth.BJP promised us that and beyond, now GDP growth stands at 4.2% in september 2019 quarter (with changed formula, new formula adds ~2%) so thats 2.2% from the formula which Congress’s gdp is calculated. Now tell me should the government be asked questions or not.Congress govt was thrown out at 4.5% growth rate (Old formula) in new formula that’s 6.5%So you be the judge and tell me should the BJP asked questions.Non issues like changing names, logos : True. Changing names of anything is a useless activity and it costs money, effort of the whole employees and doesn’t achieve much so here we are on same page i guess.Actual points like rape & governance: I think this is sufficientCompared to congress there is no major scam yet under BJP regime, these libtards dont get it.I have a simple question.How did you get to know that a common wealth scam, 2G scam, coal scam.Did frequent call drops made you think that there’s scam in 2G spectrum?Or lesser coal burning near the place you live made you think so?!It was the media that gave you details as it happened. All that accusation, case, hearing everything happened when it was Congress government. What do you do when a scam unearths? A court hearing is done and the accused is sent to jail. A Raja and Kanimozi were convicted and sent to jail! In the UPA tenure itself. And you got every nitty grityy information on the scam. Later the values of money loss to govt came out to be 10% of the claimed value, did you care to know about it? A giant anna revolution happened under the UPA tenure and government thrown out.Now tell me do you trust the media today which is still asking question from the government that existed 6 years ago.And on a completely unrelated note please spare some time, study how electoral bonds work, what are changes in the foreign funding of political parties and please enlighten me.And who are libtards who dont get something that’s mentioned as “it”.Edit # 3You told correct about Iraq, Syria and Libya. But comparison of such countries with India is wrong.I am not comparing them with India, my whole point was it does not take much time to destroy a country its a job that can be achieved in a fraction of 60 years.Following two great entities ensure the Safety, Unity and Integrity of India.(1) Indian Constitution → This provides equal rights to each citizen of India irrespective of Culture, Language, Caste and Religion.I am with you 100%. India's constitution is the most amazing constitution in the world. But the government should uphold the values of it. Its the constitution which defines the constitutional bodies like election commission. I have a question, was the 2019 election conducted on a level field?(2) Almighty Indian Supreme Court → It follows Indian Constitution and orders further accordingly.We do respect the supreme court, its the only body in India which is looking for the progressive ideas on its own. But we cannot pin all the tasks on a single body of country comprised of 134 Cr people. How many times will supreme court ask for the lokpal to be formed. Yes the Lokpal saddle, on which current govt rode to victory.Very few countries in this world have such a strong entities and those who have, no one can destroy them except God.Above two great almighty entities will never let someone to destroy this country.Again, this is too much onus on a single body. These bodies are made up of real people like me and you and its the people who get corrupt not the institution. As you may very well recall 4 judges including the recently retired Hon. judge CJI Gogoi, did a press conference regarding cases not being allocated by previous CJI in the proper way and there was even an impeachment proceeding started. What does this say?Institutions are sacrosanct until the people holding office are following the rule-book by heart. TN Seshan gave the pride to election commission but in the 2019 general elections EC's image got tarnished. I will share a small info with you. Its a rule, if multiple states are finishing their vidhan sabha tenure within a period of 6 months the election dates for all of them will be same and announced at once. Once the date is declared the government, state or central cannot make any new announcement/scheme for the state. So that the public judges the whole tenure's work and not a recent work.In 2017, Gujrat and Himachal were to follow this suit. But EC declared dates for HP first and declared dates for Gujrat after sweet 13 days. And any guesses what happened in these 13 days? Announcements to the tune of thousands of crores.Here's list and if you think i am making this up find links below:• 8.75 Cr for Umiya mata sansthan• 6578 Cr metro project 2nd phase• 11 extra leaves for govt employees• 90 days maternity leaves• 250 rs daily transport allowance• 2 lac insurance for accidental death.• Overtime allowances for employees• 50% additional incentives to ASHA activists for 40000 members.• 77.64 cr GST waiver.• Intensified Mission Indradhanush• Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan (PMGDISHA)• Rs 55-crore deer safari project.• Rs 6 crore veterinary hospital.• Rs 265 crore for Two flyovers at a cost of• Rs 166 crore water treatment plant. Laid the foundation stone for HPCL’s greenfield marketing terminal. Vadodara and capacity expansion project for the Delhi-Mundra petroleum product pipeline.• Rs 100 crore city command and control centre in Badamadi Garden.• 160 crore Transport hub project worth Rs .• Rs 125 crore Janmahal City transport hub-cum-multi-level parking.• 267 Cr waste-to-energy waste processing plant.• 615 CR roll-on, roll-off (ro-ro) ferry service.• laid the foundation stone for Bhadbhut Barrage that will be constructed over the river Narmada.• flagged off the Antyodaya Express from Surat to Jaynagar in Bihar.• aid the foundation stone of a bridge between Okha and Beyt Dwarka• announced six-laning of Ahmedabad-Rajkot National Highway• four-laning of the Rajkot-Morbi state highway.• laid foundation stones for a greenfield airport in Rajkot.• inaugurated a fully automatic milk processing and packaging plant along with a drinking water distribution pipeline for Surendranagar’s Ratanpur area and Joravarnagar.Now all these announcements, work done, all of this is really good. And i am not at all opposed to these announcements as this will bring facilities for people of the state. I cant point the ruling govt because its in their right to announce so.Let's take a step back and think about the other parties involved. The perspective of people and the opposition.Look at the magnitude of these demands! Announcement dates have to be changed. And it is big deal for EC. Just google how many clarifications EC had to give for this. So these were really needed announcements, had not done may have costed ruling govt the state so they sensed and announced.What about the public who must have faced hardships for last 4 years or so? These demands would have been fulfilled because opposition would have done really good work to make the govt give-inn to the demands and their work was commendable.PM visited 3 times the state to announce all this.Had EC not changed the dates, all these announcements wouldn't see the light of the day. Govt would have lost. A new govt would have formed.This would have set an example for ruling party to not delay important projects.Made them understand that its a foul practice to make people wait till elections are on your head.And made opposition’s (here congress) faith restore in fighting for the cause of the people. Struggling on the roads.But all that vanished just because some people didn't do what they were supposed to do as per the STRONGEST CONSTITUTION.In-depth | The mega projects and schemes PM Narendra Modi, CM Vijay Rupani doled out in Gujarat before election announcementGujarat CM Vijay Rupani announces Rs1,500 crore relief package for flood hit areasOne political party has ruled India for many years, now other should get some opportunity for thinking about India.Yes, provided they do the better job then the old one. Because its not their right.We Citizens/Voters of India will never let any political party (any) to destroy this great country India.Seriously! think about it, are we stopping anybody?