Evolution Of Mancala: Fill & Download for Free

Senet gaming board inscribed for Amenhotep III with separate sliding drawer, c. 1390–1353 BC (Senet - Wikipedia).Games are an integral part of all cultures and are one of the oldest forms of human social interaction. Games are formalized expressions of play which allow people to go beyond immediate imagination and direct physical activity. Common features of games include uncertainty of outcome, upon rules, competition, separate place and time, elements of fiction, elements of chance, prescribed goals and personal enjoyment.The sixty-seven space spiral track of The Mansion of Happiness (1843) depicts various Christian virtues and vices (The Mansion of Happiness - Wikipedia).Games capture the ideas and worldviews of their cultures and pass them on to the future generation. Games were important as cultural and social bonding events, as teaching tools and as markers of social status. As pastimes of royalty and the elite, some games became common features of court culture and were also given as gifts. Games such as Senet and the Mesoamerican ball game were often imbued with mythic and ritual religious significance. Games like Gyan chauper (Gyan chauper - Wikipedia) and The Mansion of Happiness were used to teach spiritual and ethical lessons (Treasured Find: 1843 Mansion of Happiness Board Game), while Shatranj and Weiqi (Go) were seen as a way to develop strategic thinking and mental skill by the political and military elite.Board games involve counters moved or placed on a pre-marked surface or "board", according to a set of rules. Some games are based on pure strategy, but many contain an element of chance; and some are purely chance, with no element of skill.Games usually have a goal that a player aims to achieve. Early board games represented a battle between two armies, and most modern board games are still based on defeating opponents in terms of counters, winning position, or accrual of points. The earliest board games seem to have been a pastime for the elite and were sometimes given as diplomatic gifts.Archaeologists puzzled over immaculate, 5,000-year-old board game piecesA series of 49 small carved painted stones found at the 5,000-year-old Başur Hoyuk burial mound in southeast Turkey could represent the earliest gaming pieces ever found (The Full History of Board Games – The Startup – Medium). Similar pieces have been found in Syria and Iraq and seem to point to board games having originated in the Fertile Crescent.Dice used by street gamblers during Roman times (Playing The Odds: The Evolution Of The World’s Oldest Game).Other early origin dice games were created by painting a single side of flat sticks. These sticks would be tossed in unison and the amounted of painted sides showing, would be your “roll”. Mesopotamian dice were made from a variation of materials, including carved knuckle bones, wood, painted stones, and turtle shells (The Full History of Board Games – The Startup – Medium).What is the oldest board game?The commonly accepted oldest game ‘Senet.’ was played in Predynastic Egypt, dating it to around 3100 BC. The game of Senet is featured on hieroglyphs and multiple tombs in Egypt such as the tomb of Merknera and Hesy, and eventually became a talisman for the journey of the dead (Pivotto, Carlos; et al. "Detection of Negotiation Profile and Guidance to more Collaborative Approaches through Negotiation Games" ). Because the game relies heavily on luck it was thought that the winner was under the protection of the gods and it name came to mean ‘the game of passing.’ Senet boards were often placed in the grave to help the deceased through the afterlife. Senet boards were rectangular slabs made of wood, limestone, or faience (ceramic earthenware made from ground quartz and coated with a brightly colored glaze and featured carved squares and symbols.Mehen or the Game of the Snake was one of the first known multi-player board games of ancient EgyptMehen is another board game from Ancient Egypt and it is believed to be the earliest example of a multi-player board game. Evidence of the game dates back to the Predynastic Period through the end of the Old Kingdom - a Mehen gameboard was found in King Peribsen's tomb (Mehen (game) - Wikipedia), dating back to 2770–2650 BCE.The game is named for Mehen, a snake-god, and the gameboard is shaped like a coiled snake. The pieces come in two types: small spheres similar to marbles and ivory pieces in the shapes of lions and lionesses. Mehen’s exact rules and gameplay are unkown, but historians believe that up to six people were able to play the game (Mehen or the Game of the Snake was one of the first known multi-player board games of ancient Egypt).Bao players in Zanzibar (Mancala - Wikipedia).Mancala is one of the oldest known games to still be widely played today. Mancala is a generic name for a family of two-player turn-based strategy board games played with small stones, beans, or seeds and rows of holes or pits in the earth, a board or other playing surface. The objective is usually to capture all or some set of the opponent's pieces. Versions of the game date back to the 7th century or earlier.Recent studies of Mancala rules have given insight into the distribution of Mancala. This distribution has been linked to migration routes, which may go back several hundred years. There is evidence that the game was played in Egypt more than one thousand years B.C. (Mancala - Wikipedia). It spread from Egypt through other parts of Africa, probably with traders moving up and down the Nile.Draughts or Checkers — A Brief HistoryCheckers also called Draughts is one of the oldest board games in the world that is still played today. The origins of the game can be traced back to the ancient City of Ur in Southern Mesopotamia, dating back to about 3000 BCE. (The Checkered History of Checkers). A game board resembling Checkers with slight variations was carbon dated to this time period.Over the years, the game evolved as it was introduced to other countries and today, the most popular forms of Checkers are English draughts/American checkers and Russian draughts. The game has remained popular all around the world and the first World Championship in International draughts began in 1885 and took place in France.The Royal Game of Ur, or Game of Twenty Squares was played with a set of pawns on a richly decorated board and dates from about 3000 BCE (The Royal Game of Ur). It was a race game which employed a set of knucklebone dice. This game was also known and played in Egypt. A Babylonian treatise on the game written on clay tablet shows that the game had astronomical significance and that it could also be used to tell one's fortune. The Ur game was also popular with the lower classes, as attested by a 2,700-year-old graffiti version of the game, scratched onto a gateway to a palace in Khorsabad. Similar games have been found in Iran, Crete, Cyprus, Sri Lanka and Syria. Excavations at Shahr-e-Sukhteh ("The Burnt City") in Iran have shown that the game also existed there around 3000 BCE. The artefacts include two dice and 60 checkers.Royal Game of Ur - WikipediaHistorians were able to reconstruct the rules based on partial cuneiform tablet from Babylon dating from 177–176 BC. With these rules, modern versions of the game have been released and the game can even be played online at the British Museum’s Mesopotamia website.The game of Nine Men’s Morris (mola) is so old that no one knows for sure when and where exactly the game originated. One of the earliest known boards for the game was found cut into the roofing slabs of the temple at Kurna in Egypt, dating to around 1400 BCE. (Nine men's morris - Wikipedia). However, there is some disagreement over the age of the temple’s slabs.A game of Nine Men's Morris in phase two. Even if it is Black's turn, White can remove a black piece each time a mill is formed by moving e3-d3 and then back again d3-e3. (Nine men's morris - Wikipedia).The game was popular in Ancient Rome as there are many boards carved into Roman buildings, but boards are hard to date due to the buildings’ exposure. Nine Men’s Morris spread across Europe and was a popular game among priests and monks. Nine Men’s Morris is still widely played today and its rules have not changed much since they were first recorded.Some of the oldest games found include backgammon, Go and Liubo – two traditional Chinese games.Go (game) - WikipediaGo, known as Weiqi in its country of origin China, is one of the oldest board games in the world that is still largely popular today. Although the games exact origins are unknown, Go is believed to have originated in China sometime around 3000–4000 years ago. Go according to legend, was created by the ancient Chinese Emperor Yao (2356–2255 BCE) to enlighten his son, Danzhu and teach him discipline, concentration, and balance (What Is Go? | American Go Association).The popularity of Go grew throughout other East Asian countries, especially Japan (which is where the name Go comes from), where the most significant advances in the game’s play were made during the 1670.A pair of Eastern Han Dynasty (25–220 CE) ceramic tomb figurines of two gentlemen playing liubo (Liubo - Wikipedia).Liubo is an ancient Chinese board game played by two players. For the rules, it is believed that each player had six game pieces that were moved around the points of a square game board that had a distinctive, symmetrical pattern. Moves were determined by the throw of six sticks, which performed the same function as dice in other race games (Liubo - Wikipedia).The game was invented no later than the middle of the 1st millennium BCE, and was immensely popular during the Han Dynasty(202 BCE – 220 CE) (Liubo - Wikipedia). However, after the Han Dynasty it rapidly declined in popularity, possibly due to the rise in popularity of the game of Go, and it eventually became almost totally forgotten.photo source: Wikimedia CommonsBackgammon is another ancient game that is even older than Chess. Backgammon originated in ancient Persia over 5,000 years ago. In 2004, archaeologists discovered a gameboard in the ancient city of Shahr-e Sukhteh in Iran resembling the game of Backgammon (What you may not know about Backgammon: Oldest known Persian board game). The board was dated to around 3000 BCE and is believed to be the oldest Backgammon board ever found. It is made of ebony and features sixty markers made of turquoise and agate, as well as a pair of dice.The game’s rules changed as it was played in different countries and the oldest game with rules almost identical to modern Backgammon was called Tabula from the Byzantine Empire in Greece dating back to around 480 AD (Backgammon History).Petteia is an ancient Greek game of pure skill. Two players face each other across a rectangular board which is marked with a grid of squares. The players each have an equal number of pieces, all of the same type, with one player's pieces differing from the other in colour. Pieces move around the board and capture one another by surrounding; a piece of one colour caught between two of the other is removed from play (Petteia | Cyningstan). The winner is the player who captures all of the opponent's pieces.In Ancient Greece and in the Roman Empire, popular games included ball games Epuskyros, Harpastum, Expulsim Ludere - a kind of handball), dice games (Tesserae), knucklebones, Bear games, Tic-tac-to (Terni Lapilli), and various types of board games similar to checkers.History of Petteia and Ludus LatrunculorumBoth Plato and Homer mention board games called 'petteia' (games played with pessoi', i.e. 'pieces' or 'men'). According to Plato, they are all Egyptian in origin. The name 'petteia' seems to be a generic term for board game and refers to various games. (Petteia | Cyningstan).One such game was called 'poleis' (city states) and was a game of battle on a checkered board. Games such as Nard and the Roman game Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum (game of 12 points, also known as simply "dice", lat. "alea") may have developed from this Iranian game (Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum - Duodecim Scripta - The Game of Twelve Inscriptions).Roman board from the 2nd century, Aphrodisias (Ludus duodecim scriptorum - Wikipedia).The Game of Twelve Inscriptions refers to the fact that many Duodecim Scripta boards had a Latin letter written for each cell, instead of just circles. There is a theory that the reason letters were used and not circles or squares is because the game was used for gambling, which was prohibited during the later years of the Roman empire, and so the writing on the boards was used as an excuse to call them “inscriptions”, instead of gambling devices, thus preventing the users from being arrested and the boards confiscated (Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum - Duodecim Scripta - The Game of Twelve Inscriptions). This is just a theory, because some of the inscriptions are so specific to gaming and gambling that it is really hard to believe that somehow the inscription would conceal the gambling aspect of the game. The three large rosettes or circles in the center of the boards were markers where the players would put the coins that were being gambled on.The Byzantine game Tabula is a descendant of the game of twelve points (Tabula).The origin of ChessAlthough most people probably think that Chess is an ancient game, compared to all the other board games on this list, it is relatively young. While the exact origins of Chess are unknown most historians agree to the the game originated in India during the Gupta Empire around the 6th century AD (Chess History).The earliest form of the game from India was called chaturanga, which featured “four divisions of the military”: infantry, cavalry, elephantry, and chariotry – these game pieces eventually evolved into the modern-day pawn, knight, bishop, and rook, respectively. Like many early games, the rules of Chess evolved as it spread throughout the world, and the modern rules of the game were formed around the 15th century in Europe (History of chess - Wikipedia).

The Ancient Roots of Family Game NightAn ancient senet board inscribed with the name of Amenhotep III, with a sliding compartment for pieces, dating to the 14th century B.C. (PUBLIC DOMAIN)This is a long one. But I found myself in what seemed like a never-ending loop chasing board games. I know there are other early games out there, but if I don't click submit now- odds are it will get longer and longer.Who doesn't have memories of lying on the floor in their pjs a few nights after Christmas or Hanakhuh playing CandyLand or Shoots & Ladders. Flash forward a few years to Battleship, Sorry, Monopoly, or Life, games that went on for hours until someone lost their temper and flipped the board. Just before puberty kicked in, there were family game nights- Risk, Trivial Pursuit, Scrabble, Yatzi to name a few.Games are an integral part of all cultures and are one of the oldest forms of human social interaction. These formalized expressions of play allow people to go beyond their imagination and direct physical activity into worlds of fantasy, war and strategy. Common features include uncertainty of outcome, rules, competition, separate place and time, elements of fiction, elements of chance, prescribed goals and personal enjoyment.The sixty-seven space spiral track of The Mansion of Happiness (1843) depicts various Christian virtues and vices (The Mansion of Happiness - Wikipedia).Games capture the ideas and worldviews of their cultures and pass them on to the future generations. Games were important as cultural and social bonding events, as teaching tools and as markers of social status. As pastimes of royalty and the elite, some games became common features of court culture and were also given as gifts. Games such as Senet and the Mesoamerican ball game were often imbued with mythic and ritual religious significance. Games like Gyan chauper[1][1][1][1] and The Mansion of Happiness were used to teach spiritual and ethical lessons[2][2][2][2] , while Shatranj and Weiqi (Go) were seen as a way to develop strategic thinking and mental skill by the political and military elite.[3][3][3][3]Board games are one of the oldest documented forms of leisure. It is hard to tell when hide-and-seek or chopsticks came along, because they don’t leave any material evidence, but game boards and playing tokens have given archaeologists a lot to work with. They were etched on the landscape, left or lost in habitation sites, and even buried with the dead (for playing in the afterlife). They occur all over the world, from Viking hnefatafl to Chinese liubo to a mancala variant in Borneo, and involve a range of boards, dice, and pieces.[4][4][4][4] And games spanned social divisions, from the general public, some of whom played on game boards incised into surfaces in temples, to ancient royalty, who had suitably luxurious game paraphernalia.The names of many ancient games have slipped through the cracks of history, so researchers identify them by what remains. There’s “33 Circles” from Egypt[5][5][5][5] , “10-Ring” from Bronze Age Crete[6][6][6][6] , and the Middle Eastern “58 Holes.” Since the rules have been lost over time, the way many ancient games were played is based on speculation.Board games involve counters moved or placed on a pre-marked surface or "board", according to a set of rules. Some games are based on pure strategy, but many contain an element of chance; and some are purely chance, lacking element of skills.Games usually have a goal that a player aims to achieve. Early board games represented a battle between two armies, and most modern board games are still based on defeating opponents in terms of counters, winning position, or accrual of points.[7][7][7][7] The earliest board games seem to have been a pastime for the elite and occassionally given as diplomatic gifts.[8][8][8][8]Archaeologists puzzled over immaculate, 5,000-year-old board game piecesA series of 49 small carved painted stones found at the 5,000-year-old Başur Hoyuk burial mound in southeast Turkey could represent the earliest gaming pieces ever found.[9][9][9][9] Similar pieces have been found in Syria and Iraq and seem to point to board games having originated in the Fertile Crescent.Dice used by street gamblers during Roman times (Playing The Odds: The Evolution Of The World’s Oldest Game).Other early dice games were created by painting a single side of flat sticks. These sticks would be tossed in unison and the amount of painted sides showing, would be your “roll”. Mesopotamian dice were made from a variation of materials, including carved knuckle bones, wood, painted stones, and turtle shells.[10][10][10][10]Queen Nefertari Playing Senet ca. 1279–1213 B.C.(https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/548355)The commonly accepted oldest game ‘Senet.’ was played in Predynastic Egypt, around 3100 BC. The game is featured on hieroglyphs and multiple tombs in Egypt (the tomb of Merknera and Hesy), and eventually became a talisman for the journey of the dead.[11][11][11][11] Because the game relies heavily on luck and chance, it was thought that the winner was under the protection of the gods and its’ name came to mean ‘the game of passing.’[12][12][12][12] Senet boards were often placed in the grave to help the deceased through the afterlife. Tutankhamun had four senet sets in his tomb.[13][13][13][13] Boards were rectangular slabs made of wood, limestone, or faience (ceramic earthenware made from ground quartz and coated with a brightly colored glaze and featured carved squares and symbols.[14][14][14][14]Mehen or the Game of the Snake was one of the first known multi-player board games of ancient EgyptMehen is another board game from Ancient Egypt and it is believed to be the earliest example of a multi-player board game.[15][15][15][15] Evidence of the game dates back to the Predynastic Period through the end of the Old Kingdom - a Mehen gameboard was found in King Peribsen's tomb, dating back to 2770–2650 BCE.[16][16][16][16]The game is named for Mehen, a snake-god, and the gameboard is shaped like a coiled snake. The pieces come in two types: small spheres similar to marbles and ivory pieces in the shapes of lions and lionesses. Mehen’s exact rules and gameplay are unkown, but historians believe that up to six people were able to play the game.[17][17][17][17]Bao players in Zanzibar (Mancala - Wikipedia).Mancala, one of the oldest known games to still be widely played today, is a generic name for a family of two-player turn-based strategy board games played with small stones, beans, or seeds and rows of holes or pits in the earth, a board or other playing surface.[18][18][18][18] The objective is usually to capture all or some set of the opponent's pieces, as players “sow”and “capture” seeds.[19][19][19][19]This process wasn't always played for fun; in fact, according to some historians, Mancala may have been an ancient record-keeping technique. According to another theory, Mancala originated as a ritual related to the harvest, or as a tool for divination.[20][20][20][20]Recent studies of Mancala rules have given insight into the distribution of Mancala. This distribution has been linked to migration routes, going back several thousand years. Possibly originating in Mesopotamia, there is evidence that the game was played in Egypt more than one thousand years B.C.[21][21][21][21] It spread from Egypt through other parts of Africa, as traders moving up and down the Nile and caravan routes crossed the Sahara.Draughts or Checkers — A Brief HistoryCheckers also called Draughts is one of the oldest board games in the world that is still played today. The origins of the game can be traced back to the ancient City of Ur in Southern Mesopotamia, dating back to about 3000 BCE.[22][22][22][22] A game board resembling Checkers with slight variations was carbon dated to this time period.Over the years, the game evolved as it was introduced to other countries and today, the most popular forms of Checkers are English draughts/American checkers and Russian draughts. The game has remained popular all around the world and the first World Championship in International draughts occurred in Paris, France, 1885.[23][23][23][23]Royal Game of Ur - WikipediaThe Royal Game of Ur, or Game of Twenty Squares was played with a set of pawns on a richly decorated board and dates from about 3000 BC.[24][24][24][24] It was a race game which employed a set of knucklebone dice. Played as well in Egypt, a Babylonian treatise on the game written on clay tablet shows that the game had astronomical significance and that it could also be used to tell one's fortune.[25][25][25][25] The Ur game was also popular with the lower classes, as attested by a 2,700-year-old graffiti version of the game, scratched onto a gateway to a palace in Khorsabad.[26][26][26][26] Similar games have been found in Iran, Crete, Cyprus, Sri Lanka and Syria.A clay tablet inscribed with the rules for the Royal Game of Ur. FAE / CC BY-SA 3.0With the assistance of a partially translated cuneiform text from Babylonian archives (177–176 BC), historians were able to reconstruct the rules.[27][27][27][27] With these rules, modern versions of the game have been released and the game can be played online at the British Museum’s Mesopotamia website.[28][28][28][28]Nine men's morris - WikipediaThe game of Nine Men’s Morris (mola) is so old that no one knows for sure when and where exactly the game originated. Its name derives from the Latin word merellus, 'gamepiece'.[29][29][29][29] One of the earliest known game boards was found cut into the roofing slabs of the temple at Kurna in Egypt, dating to around 1400 BCE.[30][30][30][30] However, there is some disagreement over the dating of the slabs.A game of Nine Men's Morris in phase two. Even if it is Black's turn, White can remove a black piece each time a mill is formed by moving e3-d3 and then back again d3-e3. (Nine men's morris - Wikipedia).Popular in Ancient Rome, numerous boards were carved into Roman buildings. [31][31][31][31] Boards are hard to date due to the buildings’ exposure to the element. Nine men's morris is a solved game, that is, a game whose optimal strategy has been calculated. It has been shown that with perfect play from both players, the game results in a draw.[32][32][32][32]The board consists of a grid with twenty-four intersections or points. Each player has nine pieces, or "men", usually coloured black and white. Players try to form 'mills'—three of their own men lined horizontally or vertically—allowing a player to remove an opponent's man from the game. A player wins by reducing the opponent to two pieces (where they could no longer form mills and thus be unable to win), or by leaving them without a legal move.[33][33][33][33]Nine Men’s Morris spread across Europe, becoming a popular game among priests and monks.[34][34][34][34] The game is still widely played today and its rules have not changed much since they were first recorded.Next on the list are Backgammon, Go and Liubo – two traditional Chinese games.Go (game) - WikipediaGo, known as Weiqi in its country of origin China[35][35][35][35] , is one of the oldest board games in the world that is still largely popular today. Although the games exact origins are unknown, Go is believed to have originated in China sometime around 3000–4000 years ago. Go, according to legend, was created by the ancient Chinese Emperor Yao (2356–2255 BCE) to enlighten his son, Danzhu and teach him discipline, concentration, and balance.[36][36][36][36]Go is an adversarial game with the objective of surrounding a larger total area of the board with one's stones than the opponent. As the game progresses, the players position stones on the board to map out formations and potential territories. Contests between opposing formations are often extremely complex and may result in the expansion, reduction, or wholesale capture and loss of formation stones.[37][37][37][37]The popularity of Go grew throughout other East Asian countries, especially Japan (which is where the name Go comes from), where the most significant advances in the game’s play completed by 1670.[38][38][38][38]A pair of Eastern Han Dynasty (25–220 CE) ceramic tomb figurines of two gentlemen playing liubo (Liubo - Wikipedia).Liubo is an ancient Chinese board game played by two players. For the rules, it is believed that each player had six game pieces that were moved around the points of a square game board that had a distinctive, symmetrical pattern. Moves were determined by the throw of six sticks, which performed the same function as dice in other race games.[39][39][39][39]The game was invented no later than the middle of the 1st millennium BCE, and was immensely popular during the Han Dynasty.[40][40][40][40] Over time, it rapidly declined in popularity, possibly due to the rise in popularity of the game of Go, and it eventually became almost forgotten.In 2004, archaeologists working at a heavily looted 2,300-year-old tomb near Qingzhou City in China discovered pieces thought to be part of Liubo set.[41][41][41][41]Archaeologists think this 14-sided die was used to play Liubo.(The Mysterious Game of Liubo)Findings included a 14-sided die made of animal tooth and 21 rectangular game pieces with numbers painted on them.[42][42][42][42] Nearby, lay a broken tile, which may have been part of the game board. Its design featured two eyes surrounded by cloud-and-thunder patterns.photo source: Wikimedia CommonsBackgammon is another ancient game that is even older than Chess. Backgammon originated in ancient Persia over 5,000 years ago. In 2004, archaeologists discovered a gameboard in the ancient city of Shahr-e Sukhteh in Iran resembling the game of Backgammon.[43][43][43][43] The board was dated to around 3000 BCE and is believed to be the oldest Backgammon board ever found.[44][44][44][44] It is made of ebony and features sixty markers made of turquoise and agate, as well as a pair of dice.The game’s rules evolved as it was played in different countries and the oldest game with rules almost identical to modern Backgammon was called Tabula from the Byzantine Empire in Greece dating back to around 480 AD.[45][45][45][45]In the Classical world, popular games included ball games Epuskyros, Harpastum, Expulsim Ludere (a kind of handball), dice games (Tesserae), knucklebones, Bear games, Tic-tac-to (Terni Lapilli), and various types of board games similar to checkers.[46][46][46][46]Both Plato and Homer mention board games called 'petteia' (games played with pessoi', i.e. 'pieces' or 'men'). In Plato's Republic, Socrates' opponents are compared to “bad Petteia players, who are finally cornered and made unable to move.”[47][47][47][47] In the Phaedrus, Plato writes that these games come from Egypt, and a draughts-like game called Seega is known to have been played in Egypt.[48][48][48][48] The name 'petteia' seems to be a generic term for board game and refers to various games.History of Petteia and Ludus LatrunculorumPetteia is an ancient Greek game of pure skill. Two players face each other across a rectangular board which is marked with a grid of squares. The players each have an equal number of pieces, all of the same type, with one player's pieces differing from the other in colour. Pieces move around the board and capture one another by surrounding; a piece of one colour caught between two of the other is removed from play. The winner is the player who captures all of the opponent's pieces.[49][49][49][49]One such game was called 'poleis' (city states) and was a game of battle on a checkered board. Games such as Nard and the Roman game Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum (game of 12 points, also known as simply "dice", lat. "alea") may have developed from this game with Iranian origins.[50][50][50][50]The Game of Twelve Inscriptions refers to the fact that many Duodecim Scripta boards had a Latin letter written for each cell, instead of just circles.[51][51][51][51] There is a theory that the reason letters were used and not circles or squares is because the game was used for gambling, which was prohibited during the later years of the Roman empire, and so the writing on the boards was used as an excuse to call them “inscriptions”, instead of gambling devices, thus preventing the users from being arrested and the boards confiscated.[52][52][52][52] This is purely theoretical, because some of the inscriptions are so specific to gaming and gambling that it is really hard to believe that somehow the inscription would conceal the gambling aspect of the game. The three large rosettes or circles in the center of the boards were markers where the players would put the coins that were being gambled on.The Byzantine game Tabula is a descendant of the game of twelve points.[53][53][53][53]Roman board from the 2nd century, Aphrodisias (Ludus duodecim scriptorum - Wikipedia).Although most people probably think that Chess is an ancient game, compared to all the other board games on this list, it is relatively young. While the exact origins of Chess are unknown most historians agree to the the game originated in India during the Gupta Empire around the 6th century AD.[54][54][54][54]Chaturanga (Chaturanga - Wikipedia)The earliest form of the game from India was called chaturanga, which featured “four divisions of the military”: infantry, cavalry, elephantry, and chariotry – these game pieces eventually evolved into the modern-day pawn, knight, bishop, and rook, respectively.[55][55][55][55] Like many early games, the rules of Chess evolved as it spread throughout the world, and the modern rules of the game were formed around the 15th century in Europe.[56][56][56][56]The Silk Road was a prime medium for the spread of games across the landscape and time.[57][57][57][57] Many originated in the Ancient Near East progressed through Europe and Asia. As they spread, they left behind a convoluted lineage of adaptions and local flavor.For example, according to Ulrich Schädler, a games historian at the Swiss Museum of the Game, the aristocrats at Versailles in the 17th century played a languid form of trictrac, a backgammon variant. When the game got to the banking Brits across the channel, with a sense of “economy of time,” it was compressed into 15-minute bouts.[58][58][58][58]This all adds up to a complex, poorly documented, and global family tree, and that makes defining any given, long-forgotten rule set a challenge. Board sizes have changed, pieces have shifted shape, and rules have mutated as games have been passed along and slowly fanned out across the map. Games changed hands across cultures, over the course of millennia. Many games fell out of style, disappeared altogether, or evolved into something unrecognizable.The game family tree operates like an evolutionary tree, and can be tracked through a method called computational phylogenetics.[59][59][59][59] After each game is “boggled,” and thousands of different rule sets are tested, the Digital Ludeme Project determines how the game fits in with others, and can track their changes like in a game of telephone.[60][60][60][60] For example, between points A and B, there are many small steps, so the project provides opportunities to both interpolate new games and optimize existing ones.Alfonso X: The Book of GamesTo do this, the researchers model each game using “ludemes” (literally, “game memes”) to digitally reconstruct the games based on their fundamental conceptual information. The ludeme idea breaks down the game’s form—its physical components and any known rule set—and separates it from function, or how those components are employed in reality.[61][61][61][61]Ludemes are game genes, and once the genetic information is mapped, the Digital Ludeme Project can calculate the “ludemic distance” between games, or the number of steps necessary for one game to evolve into another.[62][62][62][62] The ludeme concept makes all game information more manageable pieces of a much larger puzzle. By adding or removing any one component, a game might be a step closer to another one, and then with historical and archaeological data, the researchers can tell whether one game borrowed from another. Then, in a crucial step, the ludemes are loaded into a game system made specially for the project—LUDII game software—and the computers go to work by playing every game thousands upon thousands of times in different variations.[63][63][63][63]The archaeological record is fragmentary at best, and game compendia—such as Alfonso X of Castile’s 1284 Libro de los Juegos—are rare.[64][64][64][64] What games did leave, in some cases, were boards and spare pieces, which in turn has led to a lot of guesswork among amateurs, enthusiasts, and interested insiders. The same Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon who opened Tut’s tomb proposed what is now a common play style for 58 Holes/Hounds and Jackles.[65][65][65][65] Modern game experts can only pick up the pieces.What’s the oldest game you’ve ever played? Please share your memories in the comments..Footnotes[1] http://Topsfield, Andrew (2006). The art of play. Board and card games of India. Marg Publications.[1] http://Topsfield, Andrew (2006). The art of play. Board and card games of India. Marg Publications.[1] http://Topsfield, Andrew (2006). The art of play. Board and card games of India. Marg Publications.[1] http://Topsfield, Andrew (2006). The art of play. Board and card games of India. Marg Publications.[2] Treasured Find: 1843 Mansion of Happiness Board Game[2] Treasured Find: 1843 Mansion of Happiness Board Game[2] Treasured Find: 1843 Mansion of Happiness Board Game[2] Treasured Find: 1843 Mansion of Happiness Board Game[3] http://Unknown court historian of the Sassanid Empire. The Karnamik-I-Ardashir, or The Records of Ardashir[3] http://Unknown court historian of the Sassanid Empire. The Karnamik-I-Ardashir, or The Records of Ardashir[3] http://Unknown court historian of the Sassanid Empire. The Karnamik-I-Ardashir, or The Records of Ardashir[3] http://Unknown court historian of the Sassanid Empire. The Karnamik-I-Ardashir, or The Records of Ardashir[4] What Does Your Oldest Board Game Look Like?[4] What Does Your Oldest Board Game Look Like?[4] What Does Your Oldest Board Game Look Like?[4] What Does Your Oldest Board Game Look Like?[5] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://board-games.wonderhowto.com/how-to/play-marble-solitaire-326260/&ved=2ahUKEwiflcfj1LPlAhX7HDQIHeR3DLQQFjAPegQICRAB&usg=AOvVaw35rW302aYTOZKWnEWDV4vl[5] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://board-games.wonderhowto.com/how-to/play-marble-solitaire-326260/&ved=2ahUKEwiflcfj1LPlAhX7HDQIHeR3DLQQFjAPegQICRAB&usg=AOvVaw35rW302aYTOZKWnEWDV4vl[5] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://board-games.wonderhowto.com/how-to/play-marble-solitaire-326260/&ved=2ahUKEwiflcfj1LPlAhX7HDQIHeR3DLQQFjAPegQICRAB&usg=AOvVaw35rW302aYTOZKWnEWDV4vl[5] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://board-games.wonderhowto.com/how-to/play-marble-solitaire-326260/&ved=2ahUKEwiflcfj1LPlAhX7HDQIHeR3DLQQFjAPegQICRAB&usg=AOvVaw35rW302aYTOZKWnEWDV4vl[6] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://journals.openedition.org/kernos/pdf/1574&ved=2ahUKEwjwg6aV1bPlAhWDJTQIHbO5CaYQFjALegQICBAB&usg=AOvVaw1bx74xGdo9wAE12e8g861v[6] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://journals.openedition.org/kernos/pdf/1574&ved=2ahUKEwjwg6aV1bPlAhWDJTQIHbO5CaYQFjALegQICBAB&usg=AOvVaw1bx74xGdo9wAE12e8g861v[6] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://journals.openedition.org/kernos/pdf/1574&ved=2ahUKEwjwg6aV1bPlAhWDJTQIHbO5CaYQFjALegQICBAB&usg=AOvVaw1bx74xGdo9wAE12e8g861v[6] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://journals.openedition.org/kernos/pdf/1574&ved=2ahUKEwjwg6aV1bPlAhWDJTQIHbO5CaYQFjALegQICBAB&usg=AOvVaw1bx74xGdo9wAE12e8g861v[7] 20 awesome board games you may never have heard of[7] 20 awesome board games you may never have heard of[7] 20 awesome board games you may never have heard of[7] 20 awesome board games you may never have heard of[8] What We Learn from One of the World’s Oldest Board Games[8] What We Learn from One of the World’s Oldest Board Games[8] What We Learn from One of the World’s Oldest Board Games[8] What We Learn from One of the World’s Oldest Board Games[9] The Full History of Board Games[9] The Full History of Board Games[9] The Full History of Board Games[9] The Full History of Board Games[10] The Full History of Board Games[10] The Full History of Board Games[10] The Full History of Board Games[10] The Full History of Board Games[11] http://Detection of Negotiation Profile and Guidance to more Collaborative Approaches through Negotiation Games" [11] http://Detection of Negotiation Profile and Guidance to more Collaborative Approaches through Negotiation Games" [11] http://Detection of Negotiation Profile and Guidance to more Collaborative Approaches through Negotiation Games" [11] http://Detection of Negotiation Profile and Guidance to more Collaborative Approaches through Negotiation Games" [12] http://www.gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca/Archives/Piccione/index.html[12] http://www.gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca/Archives/Piccione/index.html[12] http://www.gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca/Archives/Piccione/index.html[12] http://www.gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca/Archives/Piccione/index.html[13] Senet Game of Tutankhamun[13] Senet Game of Tutankhamun[13] Senet Game of Tutankhamun[13] Senet Game of Tutankhamun[14] http://Crist, Walter; et al. (2016). Ancient Egyptians at Play: Board Games across Borders. Bloomsbury[14] http://Crist, Walter; et al. (2016). Ancient Egyptians at Play: Board Games across Borders. Bloomsbury[14] http://Crist, Walter; et al. (2016). Ancient Egyptians at Play: Board Games across Borders. Bloomsbury[14] http://Crist, Walter; et al. (2016). Ancient Egyptians at Play: Board Games across Borders. Bloomsbury[15] Pkt Genius:Ancient Egypt[15] Pkt Genius:Ancient Egypt[15] Pkt Genius:Ancient Egypt[15] Pkt Genius:Ancient Egypt[16] http://Crist, Walter; et al. (2016). "Facilitating Interaction: Board Games as Social Lubricants in the Ancient Near East". Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 35 (2): 179–196[16] http://Crist, Walter; et al. (2016). "Facilitating Interaction: Board Games as Social Lubricants in the Ancient Near East". Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 35 (2): 179–196[16] http://Crist, Walter; et al. (2016). "Facilitating Interaction: Board Games as Social Lubricants in the Ancient Near East". Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 35 (2): 179–196[16] http://Crist, Walter; et al. (2016). "Facilitating Interaction: Board Games as Social Lubricants in the Ancient Near East". Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 35 (2): 179–196[17] Mehen or the Game of the Snake was one of the first known multi-player board games of ancient Egypt[17] Mehen or the Game of the Snake was one of the first known multi-player board games of ancient Egypt[17] Mehen or the Game of the Snake was one of the first known multi-player board games of ancient Egypt[17] Mehen or the Game of the Snake was one of the first known multi-player board games of ancient Egypt[18] Played all over the world[18] Played all over the world[18] Played all over the world[18] Played all over the world[19] Instructions and Rules for Playing the Game Mancala[19] Instructions and Rules for Playing the Game Mancala[19] Instructions and Rules for Playing the Game Mancala[19] Instructions and Rules for Playing the Game Mancala[20] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/eb41/1a6a0b0330c22c32ca2e57470717f4c9ec5d.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwivka3eqNPlAhVMKqwKHQKjC-0QFjACegQIBxAB&usg=AOvVaw14mTjHkVKI7MhIg8TueVCT&cshid=1572965415154[20] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/eb41/1a6a0b0330c22c32ca2e57470717f4c9ec5d.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwivka3eqNPlAhVMKqwKHQKjC-0QFjACegQIBxAB&usg=AOvVaw14mTjHkVKI7MhIg8TueVCT&cshid=1572965415154[20] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/eb41/1a6a0b0330c22c32ca2e57470717f4c9ec5d.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwivka3eqNPlAhVMKqwKHQKjC-0QFjACegQIBxAB&usg=AOvVaw14mTjHkVKI7MhIg8TueVCT&cshid=1572965415154[20] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/eb41/1a6a0b0330c22c32ca2e57470717f4c9ec5d.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwivka3eqNPlAhVMKqwKHQKjC-0QFjACegQIBxAB&usg=AOvVaw14mTjHkVKI7MhIg8TueVCT&cshid=1572965415154[21] African Games of Strategy[21] African Games of Strategy[21] African Games of Strategy[21] African Games of Strategy[22] The Checkered History of Checkers[22] The Checkered History of Checkers[22] The Checkered History of Checkers[22] The Checkered History of Checkers[23] Checkers Game Rules And History[23] Checkers Game Rules And History[23] Checkers Game Rules And History[23] Checkers Game Rules And History[24] The Royal Game of Ur[24] The Royal Game of Ur[24] The Royal Game of Ur[24] The Royal Game of Ur[25] http://Becker, Andrea (2007). "The Royal Game of Ur". In Finkel, Irving (ed.). Ancient Board Games in Perspective: Papers from the 1990 British Museum Colloquium, with Additional Contributions. London, England: British Museum Press.[25] http://Becker, Andrea (2007). "The Royal Game of Ur". In Finkel, Irving (ed.). Ancient Board Games in Perspective: Papers from the 1990 British Museum Colloquium, with Additional Contributions. London, England: British Museum Press.[25] http://Becker, Andrea (2007). "The Royal Game of Ur". In Finkel, Irving (ed.). Ancient Board Games in Perspective: Papers from the 1990 British Museum Colloquium, with Additional Contributions. London, England: British Museum Press.[25] http://Becker, Andrea (2007). "The Royal Game of Ur". In Finkel, Irving (ed.). Ancient Board Games in Perspective: Papers from the 1990 British Museum Colloquium, with Additional Contributions. London, England: British Museum Press.[26] The Royal Game of Ur is an ancient board game found in the Royal Tombs of Ur in Iraq[26] The Royal Game of Ur is an ancient board game found in the Royal Tombs of Ur in Iraq[26] The Royal Game of Ur is an ancient board game found in the Royal Tombs of Ur in Iraq[26] The Royal Game of Ur is an ancient board game found in the Royal Tombs of Ur in Iraq[27] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.academia.edu/15173145/On_the_Rules_for_the_Royal_Game_of_Ur&ved=2ahUKEwjOr-ygpbPlAhXuguAKHcvUCz8QFjAKegQIAhAB&usg=AOvVaw1z3XZt30Wu9iJKMBlt_Da8[27] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.academia.edu/15173145/On_the_Rules_for_the_Royal_Game_of_Ur&ved=2ahUKEwjOr-ygpbPlAhXuguAKHcvUCz8QFjAKegQIAhAB&usg=AOvVaw1z3XZt30Wu9iJKMBlt_Da8[27] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.academia.edu/15173145/On_the_Rules_for_the_Royal_Game_of_Ur&ved=2ahUKEwjOr-ygpbPlAhXuguAKHcvUCz8QFjAKegQIAhAB&usg=AOvVaw1z3XZt30Wu9iJKMBlt_Da8[27] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.academia.edu/15173145/On_the_Rules_for_the_Royal_Game_of_Ur&ved=2ahUKEwjOr-ygpbPlAhXuguAKHcvUCz8QFjAKegQIAhAB&usg=AOvVaw1z3XZt30Wu9iJKMBlt_Da8[28] Play Royal Game of Ur Online[28] Play Royal Game of Ur Online[28] Play Royal Game of Ur Online[28] Play Royal Game of Ur Online[29] http://Berger, Friedrich (2004). "From circle and square to the image of the world: a possible interpretation for some petroglyphs of merels boards" (PDF). Rock Art Research. 21 (1): 11–25. [29] http://Berger, Friedrich (2004). "From circle and square to the image of the world: a possible interpretation for some petroglyphs of merels boards" (PDF). Rock Art Research. 21 (1): 11–25. [29] http://Berger, Friedrich (2004). "From circle and square to the image of the world: a possible interpretation for some petroglyphs of merels boards" (PDF). Rock Art Research. 21 (1): 11–25. [29] http://Berger, Friedrich (2004). "From circle and square to the image of the world: a possible interpretation for some petroglyphs of merels boards" (PDF). Rock Art Research. 21 (1): 11–25. [30] http://Berger, Friedrich (2004). "From circle and square to the image of the world: a possible interpretation for some petroglyphs of merels boards" (PDF). Rock Art Research. 21 (1): 11–25. [30] http://Berger, Friedrich (2004). "From circle and square to the image of the world: a possible interpretation for some petroglyphs of merels boards" (PDF). Rock Art Research. 21 (1): 11–25. [30] http://Berger, Friedrich (2004). "From circle and square to the image of the world: a possible interpretation for some petroglyphs of merels boards" (PDF). Rock Art Research. 21 (1): 11–25. [30] http://Berger, Friedrich (2004). "From circle and square to the image of the world: a possible interpretation for some petroglyphs of merels boards" (PDF). Rock Art Research. 21 (1): 11–25. [31] Nine Men’s Morris is one of the world’s most ancient games[31] Nine Men’s Morris is one of the world’s most ancient games[31] Nine Men’s Morris is one of the world’s most ancient games[31] Nine Men’s Morris is one of the world’s most ancient games[32] http://Gasser, Ralph (1996). "Solving Nine Men's Morris" (PDF). Games of No Chance. 29: 101–113.[32] http://Gasser, Ralph (1996). "Solving Nine Men's Morris" (PDF). Games of No Chance. 29: 101–113.[32] http://Gasser, Ralph (1996). "Solving Nine Men's Morris" (PDF). Games of No Chance. 29: 101–113.[32] http://Gasser, Ralph (1996). "Solving Nine Men's Morris" (PDF). Games of No Chance. 29: 101–113.[33] http://Vedar, Erwin A.; Wei Tu; Elmer Lee. "Nine Men's Morris". GamesCrafters. University of California, Berkeley. [33] http://Vedar, Erwin A.; Wei Tu; Elmer Lee. "Nine Men's Morris". GamesCrafters. University of California, Berkeley. [33] http://Vedar, Erwin A.; Wei Tu; Elmer Lee. "Nine Men's Morris". GamesCrafters. University of California, Berkeley. [33] http://Vedar, Erwin A.; Wei Tu; Elmer Lee. "Nine Men's Morris". GamesCrafters. University of California, Berkeley. [34] Nine Men’s Morris is one of the world’s most ancient games[34] Nine Men’s Morris is one of the world’s most ancient games[34] Nine Men’s Morris is one of the world’s most ancient games[34] Nine Men’s Morris is one of the world’s most ancient games[35] About Weiqi - Singapore Weiqi Association[35] About Weiqi - Singapore Weiqi Association[35] About Weiqi - Singapore Weiqi Association[35] About Weiqi - Singapore Weiqi Association[36] What Is Go? | American Go Association[36] What Is Go? | American Go Association[36] What Is Go? | American Go Association[36] What Is Go? | American Go Association[37] http://Matthews, Charles. Teach Yourself Go,[37] http://Matthews, Charles. Teach Yourself Go,[37] http://Matthews, Charles. Teach Yourself Go,[37] http://Matthews, Charles. Teach Yourself Go,[38] 8 Oldest Board Games in the World | Oldest.org[38] 8 Oldest Board Games in the World | Oldest.org[38] 8 Oldest Board Games in the World | Oldest.org[38] 8 Oldest Board Games in the World | Oldest.org[39] How to play - Liubo[39] How to play - Liubo[39] How to play - Liubo[39] How to play - Liubo[40] The Mysterious Game of Liubo[40] The Mysterious Game of Liubo[40] The Mysterious Game of Liubo[40] The Mysterious Game of Liubo[41] The Mysterious Game of Liubo[41] The Mysterious Game of Liubo[41] The Mysterious Game of Liubo[41] The Mysterious Game of Liubo[42] Mysterious board game found in ancient Chinese tomb, along with suspected dead looter[42] Mysterious board game found in ancient Chinese tomb, along with suspected dead looter[42] Mysterious board game found in ancient Chinese tomb, along with suspected dead looter[42] Mysterious board game found in ancient Chinese tomb, along with suspected dead looter[43] Shahr-e Sukhteh: Iran’s Mysterious Burnt Civilization – SURFIRAN[43] Shahr-e Sukhteh: Iran’s Mysterious Burnt Civilization – SURFIRAN[43] Shahr-e Sukhteh: Iran’s Mysterious Burnt Civilization – SURFIRAN[43] Shahr-e Sukhteh: Iran’s Mysterious Burnt Civilization – SURFIRAN[44] What you may not know about Backgammon: Oldest known Persian board game[44] What you may not know about Backgammon: Oldest known Persian board game[44] What you may not know about Backgammon: Oldest known Persian board game[44] What you may not know about Backgammon: Oldest known Persian board game[45] Backgammon History[45] Backgammon History[45] Backgammon History[45] Backgammon History[46] Sport in Antiquity: Ancient Greek and Roman Ball Games[46] Sport in Antiquity: Ancient Greek and Roman Ball Games[46] Sport in Antiquity: Ancient Greek and Roman Ball Games[46] Sport in Antiquity: Ancient Greek and Roman Ball Games[47] http://Bell, R. C. (1980). Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations. Dover[47] http://Bell, R. C. (1980). Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations. Dover[47] http://Bell, R. C. (1980). Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations. Dover[47] http://Bell, R. C. (1980). Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations. 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This is no where close to true.Aside from the obvious Igorots in the Cordilleras who have retained much of their culture such as rice terraces, bahag, headdresses, bale houses, bulul, tattoos, and canao rituals, and the various groups such as the Moros in majority Muslim Bangsamoro and the indigenous Lumads in Mindanao, I’m going to talk about the Christianized groups of the Philippines.So for the Christian groups, I will admit there is a high degree of Hispanicization in the cultures of lowland Luzon, the Visayas and Mindanao. Catholicism, Spanish surnames, Spanish influence in architecture, food, language, fiestas, are present. However, it is not everything!In fact, its nowhere near everything.The culture of the Philippines is still vastly separate from Latin America and Western nations in that ultimately, its a collectivist society, much like all of Asia. The group matters more than the individual. This is the basis of bayanihan and pakikisama, and it even explains why pasalubong is such a big deal.The gesture pagmamano dates back to precolonial times. The gesture is also present in Indonesia as salim.Look at the languages of the Philippines. There is still over 180 indigenous languages. You can argue that Spanish loanwords exist in these languages, but for Tagalog, it only accounts for 13% of all languages.The use of the word ‘po’ is derived from an ancient way to address elders, and is equivalent to words such as ‘krap/kha’ in Thailand and ‘yo’ in Korea. It’s a sign of respect to elders when using these terms.Now as for native past times that still retain popularity.Sabong, which has been recorded by Magellans crew in 1521, and is also seen in neaighboring countries.Sungka, a mancala board game that also exists in Indonesia as congklak.Arnis, the national sport of the Philippines. A native form of martial arts.So for beliefs, the prehispanic beliefs have actually blended in with Catholicism. In fact, many superstitions such as “tabi tabi po” and saying “tao po” is still present today. The belief that spirits are meant to be respected, and that there are certain spots where they are believed to live and must be respected such as a balete tree is a belief system present all throughout Southeast Asia. This belief dates back to the precolonial days and never went away.Here are some other prehispanic beliefs that are still present in Christian groups.Obando Fertility Rites, which was once danced to local gods.The use of hilot massage which is believed to have healing elements.The use of sampaguita flowers in decorating saints.The use of anting-anting charms, which have been recorded in prehispanic society.As for clothing, well, its a mix.The salakot is the most “Asian” aspect of traditional clothing among the Christianized groups.The Barong Tagalog and the Baro’t Saya do have Spanish influence, but they are an evolution of earlier dress of prehispanic Filipinos. The untucked nature and translucent appearance are an adaptation to the local climate, very similar to neighboring countries.Compare the translucent nature of the Barong Tagalog, the Barot Saya and the kebaya, you will see what I mean.Baybayin, is still present in national logos, and recently, a few signs and art installations.As for food, well, it is still in line with the rest of Southeast Asia.Here is a budol fight, including native aspects of eating.