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There may not be much questions on the subject especially on mathematics, chemistry or physics.There may be questions on the following subjects:CommerceEconomicsHistoryComputer scienceIt has to be noted that the interview is conducted by only retired bank executives and the following will be their main focus when it comes to questions:BankingEconomicsCapital marketCurrent affairsRecent budgetPersonalities who are in the news recentlyRecent happenings in the field of banking, politics and money mattersPlease read the following for better guidance:Tips for Interview for recruitment as Probationary Officers in banksInstructions to candidatesThe purpose of the interview:The purpose of any interview is to select one suitable individual for the concerned post. The person to be interviewed may be having higher qualifications; however, he may not be having the requisite potentials or caliber in handling the job offered namely; better communication ability, leadership quality, emotional strength and efficient interpersonal relationship. Banking demands people who are willing to work hard by mingling with customers freely and friendly apart from maintaining a cordial; social and friendly relationship with the colleagues and superiors.Phases of the interview:The interview is conducted in four phases namely;·the first phase during the course of which questions are asked about the individual and his specialization in any area;·the second phase wherein questions are asked about the bank for which the interview is conducted;·the third phase wherein questions are asked about general banking, economy, finance and latest developments and·the fourth phase is the final round for the interview.The interview committee:The interview committee consists of three to five imminent personalities who are well versed in banking matters and normally the services of executives or retired executives of various commercial banks are utilized for the purpose of conducting the interview. The following system is adopted by the committee members during the course of interview process:·While one member poses questions to the candidate, the remaining members observe the body language of the individual as to how he reacts to the questions and especially in respect of difficult questions;·They also review as to how the candidate comes forward in presenting his answers in a crisp manner thereby providing the relevant points expected by the committee members at the shortest possible time.·Basing upon the answering ability, communication ability, level of confidence, willingness to accept challenges etc., the committee members select the individuals by awarding better gradation.·When the candidate is found to be inattentive on account of low level of self confidence or some other factors, the committee members pose provoking questions so that the candidate is emotionally provoked and aroused to come forward with appropriate answers.The interview process:The interview process consists of the following stages:·Attendance marking by the candidate at the reception committee and filling up the relevant format thereby furnishing his details;·Verification of the certificates namely; qualification certificates, experience certificates, certificates relating to extracurricular activities etc., by the reception committee/team members;·Candidate waiting at the reception hall for his turn;·Once called, candidate entering into the interview room duly seeking permission of the team members;·Candidate thanking the interview members for permitting him/her inside the cabin;·Candidate sitting on the seat once offered by one/more members in the interview committee;·Candidate thanking the person who had offered the seat;·Candidate shaking his hands with the members, if offered;·Candidate eagerly awaiting for the questions from the members;·Candidate mentally preparing himself to attend the interview with full concentration maintaining regular eye contact with the committee members;·Candidate answering the questions posed by the members enthusiastically, till the entire process is treated as completed;·Candidate collecting all certificates and documents once the interview is treated as completed;·Candidate thanking the committee members and·Candidate politely raising from the chair, walking towards the entrance, opening the cabin door and gently closing the door behind him;·Candidate meeting other candidates awaiting at the reception hall cheerfully.Dress code:·Dress code is most important aspect and a person is judged by the dress he wears. Dress makes half man.·For men: Please wear a neat full length trouser and one full length shirt – preferably white or light shaded; Usage of “T” shirts greatly dampens the image of the candidate and the purpose of using any ‘T” shirt is to have better comfort during the course of walking, relaxing, jogging, running, partying and relaxing. As such “T” shirts are not considered to be a fit wear during professional meetings including interviews. Do not wear highly dark colored and checked dresses. The candidate has to wear a good quality shoes neatly polished. If possible he can wear a “tie” and this is purely optional and certain organizations pay more attention to the personality of an individual which gets improved by way of better dressing.·For girls: Under any circumstances girls should not wear provoking dresses namely; “T” shirts, jeans pants, trousers, half gowns and shirts with messages and blouses with low cuts. A neat chudithar is considered to be the best option and wearing of sarees improves the image of the individual.A.Questions during the first phase:·Initially the candidates are invited to tell about their personal life and interests, their family members, their ambitions, their qualifications, their achievements in studies, sports, music and any other extracurricular activities;·The second question is about the place to which the candidate belongs. In case the candidate belongs to Chennai, he will be asked to tell about Chennai and the importance of the place. Necessarily the candidate should have a thorough knowledge about the place from which he is hailing;·The interviewers will pose “ice breaking questions” in order to shift the focus of the candidate. This is for the purpose of finding out the reaction of the candidate during such “focus change”. (Banks demand people who are able to face any challenges);·During the first two to three minutes, more than 80 percent of the questions will be on the personal details and basic information about the candidate. It has to be remembered that – “The first impression is the best impression” and accordingly the candidate has to behave politely, calmly, courageously and confidently.Sample questions during the first phase:·01. My dear friend, now tell us about yourself: The candidate has to inform in a crisp manner about himself, his family, his qualifications, achievements if any etc. Unnecessary details should be avoided altogether and the candidates at no cost should provide information to the committee members with an intention to derive sympathy from the committee members. Such an attitude will prompt the members either to reject or award poor marks.·02. I see – you are from Chennai – please tell me about Chennai: Since the candidate belongs to Chennai, he is invited to tell about Chennai and he should have pre-hand information about Chennai and should come forward to tell about important places in Chennai namely; Marina beach, High Court, Kabaleeswarar Temple, Metro train facilities, Santhome church, International airport, Asia’s biggest bus station at Koyembedu and many more.·03. I find that you had studied in Presidency college. What was the reason for your preference of this college?. How was your life in the college? The candidate has to tell about the college; the achievements of the college in academic scenario as well as in sports and in other areas;·04. I find that you had studied “EEE” - why you had chosen the course? The candidate has to tell about the purpose and the potential available for the students who had opted to pursue EEE course.·05. You are in Chennai for a long period. What is your opinion about Chennai?·06. You are having “EEE” in engineering and why you are willing to get employed in banks? (Your reply should be – In fact by working in a bank, I can develop my relationship with public in a better manner; improve my knowledge and provide better service to as many people as possible since the banks are purely service oriented organisations. I find that I can have more career prospects in future by getting employed in the banks)·07. What are your strengths and weaknesses? – Your answer should be: I am always willing to work hard under all circumstances and since I have a good communication ability, I hope that I can surely develop friendship with my colleagues, clients and others in a fast manner so that I can contribute better to the society.·08. You are a highly qualified person having one MBA degree apart from a degree in Engineering. What is the guarantee that you will be in the bank without shifting your attention to some other employment potential after some time?: Your reply should not be: On account of unemployment problem, I am joining the bank; Your reply should be – even though I have better qualifications, I wish to work in the banking industry because I can have better opportunities to serve for the welfare of the society by working in the bank than any other organisations.Responsibilities of the candidates appearing for the interview:The candidate should do a home work and he should always depend upon his positive straits namely; his strength, achievements and abilities and necessarily he should believe in himself that he can accept and do the job in a better manner and he should altogether avoid any negative reply or angry reply under any circumstances; even when provoked or tempted by the interview board members and the candidate should remain calm and wear a broad smile during the entire interview process.A smile has the power to keep the individual in better spirits at all times.The following question may provoke the candidate –·Dear friend, considering your personality, I find that you look like a film actor. How do you feel yourself ?(You had not at all expected this question and you are tempted to provide an apt reply to them: Your reply should be– In fact I am fond of wearing a neat dress and I take care of my health by doing physical exercises regularly apart from eating moderate food and getting into the bed at the appropriate time. I always believe in the following proverb – “Health is wealth”. An individual may not be in a position to discharge his duties properly without adequate health. The habit of eating quality food, regular exercise and better dressing are the factors which are responsible for my personality.B.Second phase of the interview process:During this phase, questions will be asked about the bank for which the candidate is appearing for the interview and the following are some sample questions in case the candidate is appearing for a post in Punjab National Bank:·Do you know – where is the head office of Punjab National Bank?·Who is the present chairman of the bank?·How many branches are there in Punjab National Bank as on date?·Can you tell me about the total business of the bank?·Can you tell me about some deposit schemes available in the bank?·What do you know about the logo of Punjab National Bank?·What is the punchline of Punjab National Bank?·What is the position of Punjab National Bank among the commercial banks in the country as on date?(It is the responsibility of the candidate to collect the necessary information about the bank for which he is appearing for the interview by visiting the website of the bank and referring other material sources in order to get the required information about the bank namely; the headquarters, number of branches, total business, profit position, important schemes, tie up with another banks, achievements of the bank, if any; the present position and ranking of the bank in terms of business, profitability, non performing assets, productivity of the employee etc., In case the candidate is appearing for a group of banks, he should have information in general about all the banks in the group)C.Third phase of the interview:During this phase, questions will be asked on general banking practices as mentioned below:The following are the questions regarding the banks in general:·Have you visited any bank branch? What was your experience?·What is the business of any bank?·What are the essential/primary functions of any bank?·What are the secondary functions of any bank?·Who can open a savings bank account?·What do you know by KYC guidelines?·Why banks insist customers in adhering to KYC guidelines?·What is the difference between Current deposit account and Savings deposit account?·What do you mean by CASA account?·Who normally opens a current account?·What do you know by a fixed deposit account?·Can a company open a savings account?·Can the director of a company open a savings account?·Who is the controlling authority for the banks in India?·What is a foreign bank?·What is meant by a public sector bank?·Which is the largest private sector bank in the country?·Which is the largest bank in the country?·You are working as an officer in savings department. The customer complains about the irritating behavior of the clerk who is working under your supervision. What will you do in this situation?·Your manager delegates some work and you are failing in doing the work within the allotted time and your manager is not happy with your performance. How will you convince your manager?·Today there is some news about annual credit policy. What do you know by that?·What do you know by reverse repo rate?·What is called as inflation?·What is rupee convertibility?·What do you know by gross domestic product?·What do you know by ASBA?·What do you know by Sensex?·What do you know by a convertible debenture?·What is an initial public offer?·What do you know by facebook – whether it is good or bad for any individual and what is your opinion?·What are the advantages and disadvantages of Whatsapp?·What is your opinion about currency demonetization and how far the process helps in improving the economy of the country?(The above questions are illustrative and not exhaustive and the candidate should know fairly well about many banking as well as general aspects)D.The fourth phase of the interview:Like the initial phase or first phase, this fourth phase is also important wherein tricky questions will be asked as mentioned below:·You are hailing from Coimbatore. In case you are posted to Chennai whether you will be willing to work at Chennai?. (Your answer: If I am posted at Coimbatore, I shall try my level best to bring more business to the bank since I know the place and people well and I can take care of family members who are dependent on me. Even otherwise, I shall discharge my duties to the best when I am posted at Chennai)·Suddenly on account of computer crash, you have to sit late – whether you will be willing to sit late and finish the job or leave early without informing your superiors? (Definitely I will never mind in sitting late and I shall always cooperate with my superiors in finishing the day to day functions of the branch. I am one among the team members and I have the responsibility to cooperate with other members during critical situations)·What information are you willing to tell about yourself? (If I am selected, I shall work hard and I shall discharge my duties to the entire satisfaction of my superiors. I shall always do the best from my side for the growth of my organization.)Selected Interview QuestiomsCandidate: 00101.Why you are willing to join in a bank?I am willing to join in a bank since I hope that I may be having more opportunities to serve the public. Banks have better career opportunities by means of periodical promotions to higher cadre.02.What do you mean by appraisal of gold loans?Gold loans are granted against the security of gold jewellery namely gold chains, necklaces etc., The jewellery apart from gold contains certain amount of copper and stones. Appraiser is a person well versed in the art of appraising the jewellery and on appraisal of the jewellery, he will be finding out the approximate gold content so that the bank may be able to provide loans against the gold content.03.What are the different kinds of term deposits available in a commercial bank?The different kinds of term deposits available in a commercial bank are – fixed deposit, recurring deposit and reinvestment deposit. In the case of fixed deposit, a fixed amount is accepted for a definite period and interest is paid on quarterly basis. In the case of reinvestment deposit which is similar to fixed deposit, interest is paid on maturity since interest is reinvested. In the case of recurring deposit, monthly instalments are accepted for a fixed period.04.What is the minimum period for which a fixed deposit is accepted and the maximum period for which a fixed deposit is accepted?The minimum period for which fixed deposit is accepted is seven days and the maximum period is ten years.05.Whether a fixed deposit can be accepted for a period more than ten years?In the case of deposits in the names of minors on account of settlement of claims, the deposit can be for more than ten years06.What do you mean by FERA?FERA means foreign exchange regulations act and it came into effect from the year 1973. An act to regulate certain payments dealing in foreign exchange, securities, the import & export of currency and acquisition of immovable property by foreigners. Under Section 31 (1) of the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act ( FERA) of 1973, it is mandatory for foreign corporations, which are not incorporated in India to obtain permission from the Reserve Bank Of India (RBI) to acquire, hold, transfer or dispose off in any manner (expect by way of lease for a period not exceeding five years) any immovable property in India.07.What do you mean by ECS?ECS means electronic clearing service and the customer can authorize on periodical basis to make payment of certain utility bills like electricity charges, water charges etc., by debiting his account till such time he submits a revocation letter. Similarly, he can authorize corporate to credit the dividends on shares and interest on debentures as and when due to the credit of his account with the bank.08.What is the minimum amount that can be sent through RTGS?The minimum amount that can be sent through RTGS is Rupees two lakhs and there is no maximum limit09.What is the maximum amount that can be remitted through NEFT?There is no or maximum limit for remittances sent through NEFT10.What is the maximum amount that can be sent abroad by any resident individual?Under liberalized remittance scheme, all resident individuals including minors are allowed to freely remit an amount upto US dollars 250000 (or its equivalent freely convertible foreign currency) per financial year11..What is the name of apex bank which is responsible for the development of agriculture in the country?NABARD is the apex bank which is responsible for the development of agriculture in the country.12.What are the different kinds of schemes available in our country aiming towards poverty alleviation?National old age pension scheme; Jawahar Gramin Samruddi Yojana; National Family Benefit scheme; Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme; National Maternal Benefit Schemel Annapurna etc.,13.What do you mean by crossing of any cheque?Writing of two parallel transverse lines drawn on the face of the cheque on top left hand corner with or without any words between the lines is known as crossing and it is for the purpose of making payment of the cheque through an account in the name of the payee or holder.14.What are the different kinds of crossing?Two parallel transverse lines drawn on the face of the cheque on top left hand corner of the cheque with any words or without any words is known as general crossing and the the payment can be made to the account of the payee or holder with any bank. In case the name of any bank is mentioned within the two parallel lines, it is known as special crossing and in this case, the payment should be made to the account of the payee or holder with the bank mentioned in the crossing only and not to any other bank.15.What do you mean by CASA?CASA means current and savings and this is applicable to computerized branches linked under core banking solution16.Whose signature is available in Rs. 100/- currency note?The signature of RBI governor is available in Rs. 100 currency note17.What do you know by dividend?Dividend is the return available in the form of money for the investments made by the shareholders in the equity shares and preference shares of any company.18.Bank holidays are declared according to which act?Holidays for banks are declared according to Negotiable Instruments act 1881 by the respective state governments in their states. However, all Sundays, all second and fourth Saturdays have been declared as holidays apart from the holidays permitted for religious and national ceremonies.19.Banks are functioning according to which act?Commercial banks in the country are functioning according to Banking Regulation act 1949 and to some extent as per Reserve Bank of India act 193420.RBI is functioning in the country as per which act?Reserve Bank of India is functioning according to Reserve Bank of India act 1934.Candidate: 00201.What do you mean by a guarantee?Guarantee is an undertaking executed by one person called as guarantor in favour of another person called as beneficiary expressing his intention to make payment in the event of failure of the principal debtor on payment of a debt or failure to perform any contract within the stipulated time or according to the terms of the contract.02.What are the different types of guarantees?The different types of guarantees are financial guarantee, performance guarantee and deferred payment guarantee03.What do you mean by letter of credit?Letter of credit is an undertaking executed by one banker on behalf of its customer to honour bills and documents drawn by another person as per the terms and conditions as mentioned in the letter of credit04.What do you know by packing credit advance?It is the preshipment advance granted by one bank to the exporter for the purpose of procuring raw materials; payment of various duties like customs duty, excise duty; packing charges; shipment charges etc.,05.What do you mean by special crossing?In case the name of any bank is mentioned within the two parallel lines, it is known as special crossing and in this case, the payment should be made to the account of the payee or holder with the bank mentioned in the crossing only and not to any other bank.06.What do you know by IFSC code ?IFSC means Indian Financial System Code and this is one alphanumeric code consisting of eleven digits of which the four alphabetic digits represent the name of the bank mentioned in abridged form and the next zero is known as control number and the last six numeric digits represent the branch code of the bank.07.Which is called as mother of deposits?Savings deposit is known as mother of deposits. Normally the first time customers will be advised to open savings deposits with the bank branch before availing any other facility with the bank08.Who is a called as natural guardian?Bother mother and father are known as natural guardian for the purpose of opening accounts in the name of minors represented by the guardian.09.Whether grandfathers and grandmothers can be natural guardians?Grand fathers, grandmothers grand grandfathers or grand grandmothers cannot represent as natural guardians on be behalf of the minors10.Which type of credit facility is available to a farmer for raising crops?For raising crops, the farmers are provided with crop loans, Kisan Credit Cards etc.,11.What do you mean by NULM?National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM) was launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MHUPA), Government of India in 24th September, 2013 by replacing the existing Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY).The NULM will focus on organizing urban poor in their strong grassroots level institutions, creating opportunities for skill development leading to market-based employment and helping them to set up self-employment venture by ensuring easy access to credit. The Mission is aimed at providing shelter equipped with essential services to the urban homeless in a phased manner. In addition, the Mission would also address livelihood concerns of the urban street vendors12.What do you mean by Gram Sadak Yojana?The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana called as PMGSY was launched by the Government of India for the purpose of providing connectivity to unconnected habitations as part of a poverty reduction strategy. Government of India is endeavouring to set high and uniform technical and management standards and facilitating policy development and planning at state level in order to ensure sustainable management of the rural roads network.13.What are the salient features of MGNREGA?MGNREGA is known as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee act and according to this employment is guaranteed at least one person per household in rural areas. It aims at enhancing the livelihood security of people living in rural areas by guaranteeing hundred days of wage employment during each financial year to a rural household whose adult members volunteers to undertake unskilled manual work14.Which authority is supervising the functions of insurance companies?IRDA – Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority is the authority responsible for supervising the functions of insurance companies in our country15.What is meant by IPO?IPO means initial public offer and this is the first time public offer of equity shares, preference shares or debentures to the public for subscription16.What is meant by ASBA?ASBA means applications supported by blocked amount. Nowadays investors are permitted to remit the amount through ASBA demand drafts drawn in ASBA accounts for the purpose of subscribing shares or debentures through initial public offer and further public offer. When the demand draft is issued, instead of debiting the amount in the account, the amount is blocked till such time the shares or debentures are allotted. On allotment, the entire amount is debited; in the case of partial allotment, the amount is debited equivalent to the value of allotment and in the case of non allotment, the entire amount is allowed for further use. For the intervening period, the depositor earns interest as applicable to the category of deposits.17.What is meant by Performance guarantee issued by any commercial bank?In the case of contracts in favour of governments, the contractors are in a position to provide a bank guarantee by a reputed commercial bank, thereby undertaking to guarantee the government department to compensate the loss on account of failure of performance of the contract by the contractor within the due date or failure to perform the contract as per the terms and conditions of the contract. This is known as performance guarantee.18.What do you mean by packing credit facility issued by any commercial bank?Packing guarantee is known as preshipment advance provided by the commercial bank to the exporter for the purpose of procuring raw materials, packing materials or making payment towards customers duty, excise duty, transportation charges etc.,19.What do you mean by notice money?Notice money is money borrowed for a period of two days and more and upto fourteen days in the call money market.20.Treasury bills are issued by which authority and what are the different kinds of treasury bills available in the country?Treasury bills are issued by central government and state governments for the purpose of mobilizing funds from the public and others towards meeting the cost of various projects. There are three kinds of treasury bills as at present namely – 91 days, 182 days and 364 days. 91 days treasury bills are issued each Friday and the notified amount is Rupees one hundred crores. 182 day treasury bills are issued during alternative Wednesdays which is non reporting week and the notified amount is Rupees 100 crores and 364 days treasury bills are issued on alterntive Wednesdays which is a reporting week and the notified amount is Rupees 500 crores.Candidate: 00301.What do you know by PIN number?PIN number is four digit number expressed in numerical characters. PIN number is used for the transactions done using debit cards and credit cards through automated teller machines and point of sale terminals.02.What do you know by PAN number?PAN number is known as permanent account number. This is used for the purpose of remittance of income tax with income tax department. Tax payers should get one PAN number by sending an application along with relevant documents and by payment of specified sum of money to Income tax department or their agencies. It is ten digit number consisting and alphapetical and numerical characters.03.What are the functions of DICGC?DICGC means Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation and this corporation provides deposit insurance upto an amount of Rupees one lakh per depositor per bank in the event of insolvency of the bank and it also provides small loans guarantee upto certain limits04.What is the role played by ECGC?ECGC provides guarantee support to the exporters of the country in the form of several export guarantees05.Mention the Regional Rural Banks which are functioning in Tamilnadu?The Regional rural banks which are functioning in Tamilnadu are Pandiyan Grama Bank and Pallavan Gramin Bank. Pandiyan Grama Bank has been sponsored by Indian Overseas Bank and pallavan Gramin Bank has been sponsored by Indian bank.06.What do you mean by Mergers and what are the different kinds of mergers?When two independent units merge together to form a single unit, it is known as merger. The mergers can be vertical merger, horizontal merger, reverse merger, consolidation, amalgamation etc.,07.What do you mean by horizontal merger and reverse merger?When the business functions of two units are identical in nature and when the merger takes place between those units, it is known as horizontal merger. New Bank of India merged with Punjab National Bank and both are banking organizations. Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Limited was instrumental in establishing ICICI bank as per LPG norms and subsequently Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation Limited merged with ICICI Bank and when a parent unit gets merged with an ancillary unit, it is known as reverse merger.08.Which are the top two private sector banks in our country?The top private sector banks in our country are HDFC bank limited and ICICI bank limited09.Whether housing loan is a priority sector advance and if so, upto what amount?Housing loans granted are treated as priority sector advances subject to certain conditions. Loans to individuals up to Rupees 28 lakh in metropolitan centres (with population of ten lakh and above) and loans up to Rupees 20 lakh in other centres for purchase/construction of a dwelling unit per family, are eligible to be considered as priority sector provided the overall cost of the dwelling unit in the metropolitan centre and at other centres does not exceed Rupees 35 lakh and Rupees 25 lakh, respectively. Housing loans to banks’ own employees are not eligible for classification under priority sector.10.Whether educational loan is a priority sector advance?Loans to individuals for educational purposes including vocational courses upto Rupees 10 lakh irrespective of the sanctioned amount are eligible for classification under priority sector.11.What do you mean by micro, small and medium enterprises?The classification is based on original investment in plant and machinery: For micro enterprises, upto Rs. 25 lakhs for manufacturing units and Rupees 10 lakhs for service units; For small enterprises, for manufacturing units above Rupees 25 lakhs and upto Rs. 5 crores and for service units above Rupees 10 lakhs and upto Rupees 2 crores; For medium enterprises, for manufacturing units above Rupees 5 crores and upto 10 crores and for service units above Rupees 2 crores and upto Rupees five crores12.What do you mean by KYC and name any two important documents which are obtained as per KYC?KYC means know your customer guidelines and these guidelines were prescribed by RBI for new customers who are willing to open accounts with commercial banks and according to KYC, any new customer who is willing to open accounts with commercial banks should submit the photocopy of anyone of the following namely; driving licence, voter id card, AADHAARA card, passport as address proof and photocopy of anyone of the following namely; driving licence, voter id card, AADHAAR card, passport, pancard as identity proof. KYC is antimony laundering device.13.What is the present repo rate and reverse repo rate?The present repo rate is 6.25% and reverse repo rate is 5.75%14.In the case of MICR code, the middle three digits represent what?MICR code consists of nine numerical digits and the middle three numerical digits represent bank name15.PAN number consists of how many alpha characters?PAN number consists of ten digits. The first three alpha characters are random alphapetical characters between AAA to ZZZ; next one alpha character represents the category of the cardholder; the next one alpha character represents the first character of the name of the cardholder; the next four numerical digits are auto generated sequential numbers and the last one single alpha character is a check digit.16.What do you know by biometric automated teller machines?In the case of automated teller machines, the four digit numerical PIN number is used for performing transactions using debit card and credit card. In the case of biometric automated teller machines, instead of PIN numbers, anyone of the following body parts is used – left hand thumb impression; eye retina and voice recognition. In India, the left hand thumb impression is the accepted mode and these kinds of automated teller machines are known as green label automated teller machines.17.What is the criteria by which a bank is considered as largest bank?For the purpose of ranking, a bank is considered to be largest or smallest taking into consideration the business position of the bank; namely – the total deposits and total advances as at the end of March each year.18.What do you mean by commercial paper?Commercial papers are issued by well rated organizations for mobilizing funds from the public and other corporate. They are issued at a discount and they are freely negotiable by endorsement and delivery. The minimum maturity period is seven days and the corporate should have earned credit rating equivalent to P2 issued by CRISIL19.What do you mean by FCNR?FCNR means foreign currency non resident accounts. Non resident Indians and Persons of Indian origin are eligible to invest in this deposit. It is a term deposit accepted in the currencies – US dollar, Sterling Pound, Euro, Japanese Yen, Canadian dollar and Australian dollar. The minimum period of deposit is one year and the maximum period is five years and the deposit is held in foreign currencies and the interest earned is free from income tax.20.What do you mean by Escheat?He is a person who dies without leaving any legal heirs and in this case, his estate will revert to the state government.Candidate: 00401.What do you mean by money laundering?Using the banking channel for the purpose of bringing illegal money is known as money laundering.02.What do you mean by subprime lending?Mass lending by commercial banks to the borrowers without ascertaining the credit worthiness of the borrowers03.What is meant by LPG and who is responsible for introduction of LPG strategy in our country?LPG means liberalization, privatization and globalization and this was coined by Dr. Manmohan Singh, the then finance minister of our country. The salient highlights of the Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation Policy in India are: Foreign Technology Agreements; Foreign Investment; MRTP Act, 1969 (Amended); Industrial Licensing; Deregulation Beginning of privatization; Opportunities for overseas trade; Steps to regulate inflation; Tax reforms; Abolition of License -Permit Raj04.What do you mean by PURA?PURA means providing urban amenities in rural areas. This concept was coined by Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, the then president of India.05.What do you know by current ratio?It is one equation between current assets and current liabilities. This ratio provides the liquidity position of the organization. When the ratio is more than one it is known as positive current ratio and the unit is having sufficient working capital and when it is less than one, the unit is found to have more current liabilities than current assets and the liquidity position is found to be very weak.06.What do you know about negotiable instruments act?In India, the negotiable instruments act was passed during 1881 which came into force with effect from March 01, 1882. Negotiable instruments means and include promissory note, bills of exchange and cheque payable to order or bearer. Promissory note, bill of exchange, cheque and demand draft are negotiable instruments.07.What do you know by MICR?MICR means magnetic ink character recognition. MICR code is available in MICR bank at the bottom of the cheque or demand draft. It consists of nine numerical digits of which the first three digits represent the centre/city; the middle three digits represent the bank and the last three digits represent the branch of the bank.08.When it comes to rural lending, which are all considered to be priority sector advances?When it comes to rural lending, the loans granted to the following are considered to be priority sector advances – Loans granted to all agriculture related activities; self help group; Differential rate of interest; Loans to SC/ST beneficiaries; Loans provided to doctors for setting up clinics in rural areas; Loans to dealers in fertilizers and pesticides; loans to dealers of springler irrigation and drip irrigation equipments etc.,09.Who is called as an authorized dealer?Authorised dealer is at present known as authorized person. Authorised person is an individual or organization permitted to deal in foreign exchange business in the country.10.What do you know by financial inclusion?Financial inclusion means the following: Providing formal banking services to poor people in urban and rural areas; Promoting the habit of money savings, insurance, pension-investment among poor people; Helping the people in getting loans at reasonable rates from commercial banks so that they do not become victims to local moneylenders11.What are the important initiatives taken through financial inclusion in the country?The following are the important initiatives taken through financial inclusion in our country: Lead banking scheme; No frill accounts; Basic savings bank deposit accounts; JANDHAN accounts; business correspondent and business facilitator facilities; Swabhiman campaign;12.What do you mean by MCLR?MCLR replaces the base rate system. RBI introduced the system with effect from 01.04.2016 in order to determine the base rate by commercial to improve the efficiency of monetary policy transmission. All rupee loans sanctioned and credit limits renewed with effect from 01.04.2016 to be priced with reference to MCLR and it will be an internal benchmark for the banks. It consists of marginal cost of funds, negative carry on account of CRR, operating costs and tenor premium. The marginal cost of funds consists of two components namely; marginal cost of borrowings and return on networth13.What are the major money market instruments?Certificate of deposits; Commercial paper; Inter Bank participation certificates; iner bank term money; Treasury bills; Bills rediscounting and call/notice money14.What are the differences between NEFT and RTGS?Both are two categories of online remittance facilities through CBS enabled branches of commercial banks. The minimum balance that can be sent through RTGS is Rupees two lakhs whereas in the case of NEFT, there is no such limit. The beneficiary gets his funds at real time and it means instantaneously without any loss of time. In the case of the beneficiary gets his funds in between batches15.Who is deciding the rate of interest for savings deposit accounts?Rate of interest for savings deposits is decided by respective commercial banks only and RBI has permitted full freedom in this connection.16.Who cannot open savings deposit accounts?Proprietorship concerns, partnership firms, limited liability partnership firms, private limited companies and public limited companies are not permitted to open savings accounts17.What is meant by memorandum of association?Memorandum of association is the parent document for any company whether it is a private limited company or private limited company. It contains the details of formation of the company, policies, objectives, registered office and more.18.What is known as power of attorney?Power of attorney is an authorization given by one person called as principal in favour of another person called as an agent authorizing the agent to perform certain activities on behalf of the principal and it can be specific power of attorney or particular power of attorney.19.In which currencies FCNR accounts can be opened in our country?FCNR account can be opened in the following currencies namely; US dollars, Sterling Pounds; Euro; Japanese Yen; Australian dollars and Canadian dollars.20.What are the differences between NRE and FCNR?NRE and FCNR accounts are opened by non resident Indians and Persons of Indian Origin in India. NRE accounts are to be opened in rupees whereas FCNR is opened in foreign currencies. NRE accounts can be opened in the form of savings account, current account, reinvestment deposit and fixed deposit whereas, FCNR account is permitted to be opened as fixed deposit or reinvestment deposit. NRE term deposits can be opened for a minimum period of seven days and maximum period of ten years. FCNR accounts can be opened for a minimum period of one year and maximum period of five years.Candidate: 00501.What do you mean by masala bonds?Masala bonds are the bonds issued for rupee denominated borrowings by Indian companies in overseas markets02.What do you mean by secondary market in our country?Secondary market pertains to capital market and it is also known as stock exchange or old issues market. Shares, debentures and bonds can be bought and sold from the stock exchange through registered brokers.03.What do you mean by fund based limits and non fund based limits?The loans provided to the borrowers in the form of term loans, overdrafts, cash credits and bills discounting limits are known as fund based limits since funds are released to the borrowers. Guarantees and letter of credits are non fund based limits since no funds are provided for the time being since they are contingent liabilities.04.What do you mean by off balance sheet items?Guarantees, letter of credits and bills sent for collection for which proceeds are yet to be realized are known as off balance sheet items05.What do you mean by closed ended scheme?This is one form of mutual fund scheme. Like initial public offer, the scheme is open for a certain period only and after which the public cannot invest their amount in the units under this scheme.06.What do you mean by open ended scheme?This is one mutual fund scheme and the units under scheme can be purchased and sold at any time07.What do you mean by overdraft facility granted by a bank?Overdraft is a facility granted by the banks towards meeting the working capital requirements of a borrower. This is provided by means of credit limit over and above the current account balance and the borrower has to pay the interest as and when due.08.What do you mean by collateral security?Collateral security is an additional security provided by the borrower in addition to the primary security. For example, in the case of vehicle loan, the car purchased out of loan is known as the prime security and the insurance policy obtained by the bank from the borrower for the sanction of this loan is known as collateral security.09.In regard to educating a customer, what are the different kinds of information boards displayed in a bank branch?The following boards are available in the bank branches – Working hours and business hours; Interest rates on various deposits; Interest rates for loans; Service charges; Time norms for various services; Details of schemes available in the branch10.Who is the present RBI Governor?The present governor of RBI is Shri Urjit Patel and he is functioning as the governor of RBI since 04th September, 201611.What do you mean by unclaimed deposits?The deposits which are not in operation for more than ten years are known as unclaimed deposits. For the purpose of this classification, the customer induced transactions are only taken into account.12.How many regional centres are available for RBI in the country?Reserve Bank of India has four regional centres at the following places – Chennai, Kolkatta, New Delhi and Mumbai.13.What do you mean by white label automated teller machines?The automated teller machines which are maintained and managed by non bank entities are known as white label automated teller machines. In our country TATA Indicash and Muthoot finance are having such machines installed at various centres.14.What are the advantages of CTS?CTS means cheque truncation scheme. This is used for clearing purpose. Normally commercial banks used to send the physical cheques through their15.What do you mean by certificate of deposits?Certificate of deposits are issued by scheduled commercial banks (except Regional Rural Banks) and all financial institutions within their umbrella limits. Individuals, corporate, companies, trusts, funds and associations can invest in certificate of deposits and they are issued for a minimum period of seven days and maximum period of twelve months in the case of commercial banks and in the case of financial institutions the minimum period is one year and maximum three years, Minimum amount for investment is Rupees one lakh and in multiples of Rupees one lakh.16.RBI is called by which names – mention four names?RBI is called by the following names – banker to banker; lender of the last resort; custodian of banks; banker to government;17.What do you mean by ways and means advances?Ways and means advances were introduced as per an agreement between Reserve Bank of India and Government and they are temporary overdraft facilities provided by RBI to central government and state governments and the purpose is to bridge the time interval of mismatch the government expenditure and receipts. The duration of the limit is ten days for central government and 14 days for state government departments.18.Who is banking ombudsman and by whom he is appointed?Banking Ombudsman is an arbitrary authority who resolves the complaints received from the customers of commercial banks in regard to bank related issues.19.What do you mean by EEFC account?Exchange Earner’s Foreign Currency account is an account maintained in an account maintained in foreign currency with an authorized dealer ; i/e/ a bank dealing in foreign exchange. Professionals, exporters, trainers etc., who are in receipt of foreign exchange for the services extended by them in foreign countries can invest the amount in EEFC account and the account will be in the form of current account and no interest is paid for the balance held in EEFC account.20.What do you know by NBFC?NBFC means non banking finance companies. It is a company registered under Indian Companies act 1956 and presently 2013 engaged in the business of providing loans and advances, acquisition of shares/stocks/bonds/debentures/securities issued by Government or local authority or other marketable securities of a like nature, leasing, hire purchase, insurance business, chit fund business etc.,Candidate: 00601.What do you mean by arbitrage?It is the process of purchase of one security from one market and selling the same security for earning a profit at the same time at another market.02.What do you mean by Bonus shares?It is the free allotment of shares in certain proportion to the existing shares held by the shareholders of a company and this is a means of providing reward to the investors for their contribution to the growth of the organization by capital investment03.What do you mean by Bull?It is a term given to a speculator on stock exchange who buys the securities in expectation of a rise in the prices. The market is called as bullish when there is a domination of buyers over the sellers04.What is known as dematerialization?Dematerialisation is the process by which shares in the physical form are cancelled and they are issued in electronic form. The certificates are known as demat shares. This process eliminates the time and manpower involved in transfer and registration of shares from the seller to the buyer05.What do you mean by moorat trading?It is the auspicious trading on a special day, say Diwali during some specified hours.06.What do you mean by rights issue?It is the issue of new shares to the existing shareholders in a fixed ratio to those already held at a price which is generally below the market price of the old shares.07.What do you mean by futures?It is a standard contract issued on an agreement to buy or sell an asset at a certain price at a certain time in future. It is an obligation on the buyer to purchase the underlying instrument and the seller to sell it.08.What do you mean by forward?The forward is a contract that is traded off the stock exchange and it is self regulatory and has certain flexibility unlike future which are traded at stock exchange only and it do not have flexibility of quantity and quality of commodity to be delivered and these are regulated by Securities Exchange Board of India, Reserve Bank of India or other agencies.09.What do you mean by factoring?Factoring is an arrangement in which short term domestic receivables on sale of goods or services are sold to a company called as factor and this scheme came into existence during 1991 based on the report of Kalyanasundaram Committee10.What do you mean by forfeiting?Forfaiting represents the purchase of obligations, which fall due at some future date and arise from the delivery of goods in export transactions, without recourse to the previous holder of the obligations.11.What do you mean by leasing?A lease is a contract where the owner of the assets transfers the right to another person to use the assets against the payment of fixed lease rentals. In the case of one lease contract, there are two parties namely – the lessor or the owner and the lessee or user. The lessor remains owner and the leased property remains with the possession of the lessee.12.What do you mean by debt market?It is a market wherein the debt instruments are issued to the public by any company for investment and such debt instrument bears a fixed interest rate payable half yearly on specific dates and principal amount repayable on particular date on redemption. Debentures are normally secured/charged against the asset of the company in favour of debenture holder. The following are some debt instruments – debenture; bond; zero coupon bond; convertible bond; security receipts etc.,13.What do you mean by greenshoe option?It is an option provided by Securities and Exchange Board of India to a company which is coming out with one initial public offer to the public. By this option, the company can retain certain portion of the applications received through IPO in case of oversubscription.14.What do you mean by equity market?Equity market consists of investment by the public in different kinds of shares issued by the company and by subscribing for the shares, the investors are expressing their willingness to stand as owners of the company. The equity market consists of equity shares, preference shares, rights shares, bonus shares etc.,15.What do you mean by sweat equity?Directors and employees contribute intellectual property rights to the company in the form of providing technical know-how captured by way of research or contributed by way of strategy software developed for the company or adding profit and economic value. To compensate the directors and employees, the concept of sweat equity has come into existence.16.What do you mean by participatory notes?A participatory note is a financial derivative instrument issued against an underlying security and it allows the holder, to get dividend or capital gains earned from the underlying security although some of the holders may not be eligible to trade in stock markets in India.17.What do you mean by book building?Book building is the process to assess the demand for a particular public issue of various prices, based on which the issue is priced and sold to the investors.18.What do you mean by sensex?It is a stock market index provided by Bombay Stock Exchange for the information of the investors. The positive or negative variation in the index provides an insight for investment or dis-investment to the general public and especially the investors in the stock market. It is based on the market capitalization of top thirty shares earmarked by BSE19.What do you mean by Nifty?It is a stock market index provided by National Stock Exchange for the information of the investors. The positive or negative variation in the index provides an insight for the investment or dis-investment to the general public and especially the investors who are participating in stock market trading. It is based on the market capitalization of top fifty shares earmarked by NSE20.What do you mean by swap?A swap is a contract that binds two counterparties to exchange the different streams of payments over the specified period at specified rate.

Disclaimer: This is not original. I had come across all this information, somewhere on the internet and had copied it for my own reference. I am sharing it. I don’t know the original sources.This is a super long answer. (5700 words). It is best if those interested copy it and save it for reference.In alphabetical order here are some British words and expressions followed by what the Americans say.AA year back , A year agoBritish: lamps (in the context of cars)American:⦁ Headlights⦁ Tail lights⦁ Brake lights⦁ Parking lightsAfters, DessertAll-in InclusiveAlsatian German shepherdAluminium AluminumAnorak ParkaAntenatal PrenatalAnticlockwise CounterclockwiseBritish: appointed, People are appointed for each actionAmerican: assigned , People are assigned to each job functionArchaeology ArcheologyAssure , ensureAt a single shot, In one stepattache, briefcaseBritish: automobileAmerican: Do not use automobile when referring to any motorized vehicle. In America, “automobile” refers only to a two- or four-door car. Use “vehicle” when referring to motorized vehicles in general.Autumn, FallAvail of, UseBBack of beyond Middle of nowhereBank holiday National holidaybatch classBill (at a restaurant) CheckBills InvoicesBin , Garbage canBiscuit Cookie, CrackerBlinds (of window), ShadesBlock of flats, Apartment houseBloke GuyBobby Policeman/CopBonnet, HoodBook ReserveBoot (car), TrunkBootlace, shoelace ShoestringBrooch, PinCCabinet maker Skilled carpenterCafe DinerCar components Car partsCar park Parking lotCaravan Motor home, TrailerCarrier bag Shopping bagBritish: Cashier ,American: Teller, (Tellers work in banks. Cashiers work in supermarkets or grocery stores.)Catalogue CatalogCentre CenterChat show Talk showChat up Chat flirtatiouslycheap inexpensiveChemist PharmacistCheque CheckChest of drawers bureauchief editor , editor-in-chiefChristian name first name, given nameCinema MovieCinema hall Movie theaterCloakroom, checkroomClothes peg Clothes pinclubbed, joinedColour, ColorConscription (Enforced membership of military forces), DraftCooker OvenCopse ThicketCotton wool CottonCounterfoil , StubIn British usage, a "stub" is a shortened end of something, often implying that the rest of the object has been broken off, the usage "stub one's foot" means to bring the foot into sudden, often accidental, contact with some obstacle.Creche, Day care centerCrisps Potato chipsCrossroads IntersectionCul de sac Dead endCurb kerbCurrent account Checking accountBritish: Curriculum vitae (CV) In British usage, a résumé is used to mean a summary or summing up in any context.American: Résumé ("curriculum vitae" is sometimes used by American academics)Cutting , Clipping (eg from a newspaper)DDaft StupidDear ExpensiveDeduce, figuredDefence DefenseDepartmental store Department storeDependent dependantDialling code Area codeDialogue DialogDiary Appointment bookDin into Hammer (an idea) into someone's headDistension, distentionDiversion, DetourDo the needful , Do what is necessaryDownmarket, SeedyDownwards , downwardDraughts CheckersDressing gown bathrobeDummy PacifierDustbin Garbage canDuvet ComforterEearthing groundingEiderdown, quilt ComforterElastoplast, Bandaid (both brand names for bandages)Electric fire Heater (electric)else otherwiseBritish: Employment agencyAmerican: In the United States, Employment agency refers to a temporary placement agency that specializes in short-term work. To refer to an agency that places people in professional work, use “recruitment agency.”enterprise companyEstate Agent Realtorexpiry expirationFFA Cup, Superbowl of SoccerBritish: facultyAmerican: Only used as a plural noun in American usage. You can refer to the “faculty” of a school, but use “professor,” “teacher,” or “instructor” to refer to one person.Fancy (verb) Likefavourite favoritefetch retrieveFill a form, Fill out a formFilm MovieFirst Floor Second floorFishmongers' Fish Storefixed scheduledFlat ApartmentFlyover , OverpassBritish: folio (Each share is assigned a folio.)American: stock certificate number( Each share is assigned a stock certificate number.)Football SoccerForm GradeFortnight Two weeksFringe BangsFull stop Period (the punctuation mark)Furore, furorGgadgets , Instruments, devicesGadgets is slang.Gaffer BossGammon HamGaol JailGarden, YardGas fire , Gas heaterGear lever, gear shift, gear stickGents, Men's roomGlycerine, glycerinGoose pimples, Goose bumpsGuard ConductorHHair pin Bobby pinHandbag PurseHas the facility to, Has the ability to or has the capacity toA facility in American English refers to a building or a center –e.g. a childcare facility.Have a look at, Look at, read, reviewHedgerow, HedgeHence, Thereforehereunder, Use “the following” or “listed below”High street , Main streetHire purchase, CreditHoliday Vacationhonour honorHood, Vinyl Top (of convertible)housewife, homemakerHousing estate, Tenementhumour humorIIce lolly, PopsicleIdentity parade, Lineupincrease, hikeIn good nick, In good conditionInterval, IntermissionIronmongers', Hardware storeJJacket potato, Baked potatoJam, JellyJelly, Gelatin, Jell-o (US term is proprietary)jeweller jewelerJewellery jewelryJob vacancy Job openingJoining date Hiring dateJoint. RoastJumble sale, Yard saleJumper, SweaterKKeeper, CuratorKerb, CurbLlabour, laborLad BoyLadies', Lady's roomLadybird , LadybugBritish: Lead (Flexible electrical cable joining an electrical appliance or telephone to a socket.)British practice uses the same colours as are used in Europe: brown for live, blue for neutral and green with yellow stripe for earth. Older British practice still used for permanent cables is red for live, black for neutral and green (or bare copper) for earth.American: CordAmerican practice is black for live, white for neutral and green for earth.Leader page , Editorial pagelicence (license for the verb and licence for the noun), licenseLift ElevatorBritish: LimitedBritish firms often have titles ending in "Ltd" meaning limited liability or "Plc" meaning public liability company. "Public" implies that the company's shares are publically traded. There are also private companies.American: IncorporatedLoo Bathroom/ JohnLorry TruckLounge Living RoomMMac See mackintoshMackintosh RaincoatBritish: Majored inAmerican high school students do not select a major course of study. It is only at the university level that students select a “major.”Mange tout Snow peasManoeuvre ManeuverMatch GameMean StingyMerry-go-around carouselBritish: Metre ("meter" for a measuring device and "metre" for the unit of length)American: MeterMince Ground beefMinder BabysitterMinder BodyguardMotorway Highway, FreewayNNail varnish Nail polishNappy DiaperNatter (noun or verb) ChatNaturist NudistNaughts and crosses Tic-Tac-ToeNick Steal (verb), prison (noun)No mean task No easy taskNote BillNought naughtNumber plate License PlateNursery KindergartenOOff license Liquor storeOld age pensioner Senior citizenOn holiday On vacationOnce, AfterAmerican: (Do not use once as a synonym for after. Use once only to mean one time.)Over the moon, ElatedOver the top , Carried awayPPack of playing cards Deck of playing cardsPanda car Police carParaffin KeroseneParting PartPavement SidewalkPay slip paycheckPer cent PercentPetrol Gaspetrol pumps gas stationPickle RelishPilchards SardinesPinch StealPitch Playing fieldPlait BraidPlimsolls SneakersPlough plowPorridge OatmealPost (noun or verb) MailPostal code Zip codePostman Mail man/mail carrierPower point Electrical outletPower up Turn onPram/ perambulator Baby carriagePresenter NewscasterPress up Push upProgramme programproperty Real estatePub BarPublic school Private schoolPudding DessertPulses BeansPumps SneakersPut paid to, Put an end toPvt. Ltd. Inc., Co., Corp.QQuery Question, askAmerican: Query is used only in a technical context.Queue, Line, Wait in line or stand in lineRRaise bills Prepare invoicesRedundant UnemployedReel SpoolRemoval MovingRemoval man MoverRemoval van Moving truck, moving vanReturn, Round-tripReverse charge call Collect callRing CallRoundabout Traffic circleRow QuarrelRubber , EraserRubbish garbage (waste food) and other things that are thrown away are called trash.Rucksack BackpackSSack (verb), FireSaloon car, SedanSavory biscuit, CrackerScatty Scatter-brainedSceptic , skepticscheme , Plan, welfare policy (Scheme has a negative connotation in American English.)Serviette Napkinshare broker stock brokerShop assistant Sales clerkShopping centre, MallShort dress, Jumper(in British usage, "jumper" means a sweater )Silencer MufflerSingle One-waySnooker BilliardsSocket OutletSod , Unpleasant personBritish: Solicitor, lawyer, barristerAmerican: Lawyer, advocate, attorney (there are subtle differences)Sort code Routing number (in banking)Spanner WrenchSpeciality specialtySpot PimpleSpot on , PerfectSquash, Juice concentratestate Explain, describeState school Public schoolstipulation Rule, lawStock inventoryStone Fourteen poundsStream, brook(in British usage, a "creek" is a small inlet of the sea) CreekSubway Pedestrian crossingSurgery Doctor's examination roomSweets CandySwimming costume Bathing suitTTap FaucetTarmac , AsphaltTelly TVTerrace, Bleacherstheatre, theaterTimber LumberAmerican usage seems to distinguish "standing timber" (i.e. trees that haven't been chopped down) from lumber (which is what they become after they've been chopped down and the logs cut to shape and size). British usage is "timber" in both contexts.Timetable, ScheduleIn British usage, "schedule" is used to refer to forward planning of, usually personal, activities with a very similar meaning to the word "plan".Tin, CanTissues Kleenex (American term is proprietary)Torch Flashlighttout brokerTower block High-risetownship towntraffic signals traffic lightsTrainers SneakersTram Streetcartransport transportationTransport cafe Truck stopTreacle , MolassesTrunk-call Long-distance callTuition, InstructionTyre TireUUnderground Subwayupdation updateUpmarket ClassyUpwards upwardVVan Delivery truckBritish: Vicar, minister, rector. American: PastorWWardrobe ClosetWater closet BathroomWellingtons Gumboots (rubber)Wholefood HealthfoodWindscreen WindshieldWish WantWonky UnstableWay out ExitZZebra Crossing , Pedestrian CrossingZed, Zee (the letter)Zip, Zipper(A compilation of the differences between British English and American English)There are various English language styles in the United States---the most characteristic ones being Southern, New England, New York, and Midwest. While each style is distinctive and individualistic, all these styles have been delineated under a common heading, American English, in this document since the purpose of this document is to familiarize the reader with the basic differences between British English and American English.The differences between British English and American English are considerable. They span areas such as spelling, grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary, usage and idioms.Some of the key differences between the two styles are mentioned in this document.Sentence StructureAmerican English has simpler sentence structures than British English. At its best, American English is more direct and vivid than its British counterpart. For example, lay off is a preferable American expression to make redundant.British English: As well as going shopping, we went to the park.American English: We went to the park and also went shopping.British English: Britons go to school.American English: Americans go to the school.British English chooses between one or other thing.American English chooses between one thing or the otherBritish English takes a decision.American English makes a decision.Please could British English have the menu? (Please may introduce or end a request in British English)Can American English have the menu, please? (Please always ends a request in American English)British English appeals against a legal decision or sentence.American English appeals a legal decision or sentence.British English has got a new car.American English has a new car.British English has a bath. (Have, have got and has are more common in British English.)American English takes a bath. (Take and took are more common in American English.)British English went for a swim.American English took a swim.British English looks forward to future.American English looks forward to the future.British English: Have you got her address?American English: Do you have her address?British English is rich enough to retire.American English is rich enough that it can retire.British English: Go and see what you have done.American English: Go see what you did.British English is in jubilant mood.American English is in a jubilant mood.SpellingAmerican English is more phonetic than British English. The main spelling differences are listed below:⦁ -eable/-ableThe silent e in some adjectives is often omitted in American English. For example, likable is used instead of likeable and unshakeable becomes unshakable.⦁ -ae/-oeIn American English, the composite vowel is replaced by a single e. For example, medieval instead of mediaeval; anesthetic instead of anaesthetic; gynecology instead of gynaecology; diarrhoea instead of diarrhea.⦁ -se/-zeSome words that are spelled with s in British English end with z in American English. For example, organise and organize; civilise and civilize; analyse and analyze; paralyse and paralyze.⦁ -ce/-seIn British English, the verb that relates to a noun ending in –ce is sometimes given the ending –se. For example, advice (noun) and advise (verb); device (noun) and devise (verb); practice (noun) and practise (verb). American spelling follows the same distinction between advice/advise and device/devise because the spelling change is accompanied by a slight change in the sound of the word. When the noun and the verb are pronounced in the same way such as practice/practise, American English spelling reflects only the –ce form, that is practice. However, American English extends the use of –se to other nouns that are spelt with –ce in British English. For example, defense instead of defence; offense instead of offence; pretense instead of pretence.⦁ -e/-ueThe final silent e or ue of several words is omitted in American English but retained in British English. For example, analog instead of analogue; catalog instead of catalogue; dialog instead of dialogue.⦁ -our/-orWords such as candour, colour, demeanour, favour, valour, and behaviour lose the u in American English. For example, candor, color, demeanor, favor, valor, and behavior.⦁ -re/-erSome words ending in re in British English end in er in American English. For example, centre, fibre, sombre, and metre become center, fiber, somber, and meter in American English. However, there are exceptions such as cadre, lucre, massacre, ogre, etc.⦁ -t/-edBritish English uses -t in words such as spelt, learnt, dreamt, burnt. American English uses -ed. For example, spelled, learned, dreamed, and burned.⦁ -oul/-olSome words spelled with oul in British English are spelled with ol in American English.For example, mould and smoulder become mold and smolder in American English.⦁ Some items are written as two words in British English and as one word in American English.For example, any more, de luxe and per cent become anymore, deluxe, and percent in American English.Grammar⦁ Shall/willShall (including its variants such as shan’t) is more common in British English. For example, Shall you be at the embassy? No, I am afraid I shan’t.Will is more common in American English. It is also used as a rough equivalent of must. For example, That will be my brother at the door.⦁ Should/wouldShould is mostly used in British English, particularly in advice-giving formulas, in polite first-person statements and in its putative use. It is rarely used in American English.British EnglishWe should be happy to comply with your request.I should dress warmly if I were you.It is astonishing that they should leave without informing me.I demanded that he should leave.That would be the postman at the door.American EnglishI demanded that he leave.It is astonishing that they left without informing me.Would in American English is used as an equivalent for used to.When I was young, I would get up early.⦁ Can/mayBoth are used freely on both sides of the Atlantic for ability as well as permission.⦁ Can’t/mustn’tCan’t is generally used in British English rather than in American English. For example, You can’t go out in the rain.Mustn’t is popular in American English. For example, You mustn’t go out in the rain.⦁ Must/have (got) toHave (got) is more common in British English.For example,This must have been the best novel this year.Have you eaten yet?They have already leftMust is more common in American English.For example,This must be the best novel this year.Did you eat yet?They left already⦁ Had got/hadHad got is typically used in British English. For example, She left because she’d got a lot to do would be written as She left because she had a lot to do in American English.HyphenationIn American English, most nouns with prefixes such as anti, pre, sub, re, and co are spelled as a single word. For example, antisocial, cooperation, preempt, and subcommittee.In British English, these words are hyphenated. For example, anti-social, co-operation, pre-empt, sub-committee.Punctuation⦁ Full StopIn British English, the punctuation mark used at the end of a sentence is called a full stop. In American English, it is called a period.⦁ Exclamation markIn British English, the punctuation mark (!) used at the end of an exclamation is called an exclamation mark. In American English, it is called an exclamation point.⦁ Quotation marksSingle quotation marks or inverted commas are generally used in British English.For example, ‘Why did they do that?’Double quotation marks are used in American English. Single quotation marks are used for quotes within quotes. All periods and commas precede the closing quotation marks.For example“You are eating too much,” she said.“I liked her ‘sense and sensibility’ comment regarding Generation X,” he said.MeasurementsIn Britain, two systems of measurement are used, the metric system (that is, use of decimal numbers---e.g. 4.8 kilograms) and the imperial system (that is, use of fractions---e.g. one and a half tons of wheat). The metric system is now commonly used for most purposes.In America, the metric system is not commonly used, except for military, medical, and scientific purposes. Some common measurement values are inches, miles, feet, gallons, and pounds.British AmericanKilometres, Metres (meter in Am.) Mileslitres (liter in Am.) GallonsKilograms PoundsAmerican English and British English also differ in the measurement units of distance, speed, and weight. In addition, U.S. pints, quarts, and gallons are different from British ones.Example1 UK gallon = 4 1/2 liters1 US gallon = 3 1/2 litersDatesThe date format followed in American English is the MM-DD-YY format. The DD-MM-YY format is used in British English. However, the former style is becoming popular in British English too.In addition, in British English, April 20 will be stated as ‘April the twentieth.” Britons use “the” in front of the number.In American English, it is stated as “April twentieth.”Time⦁ In British English, "past" or "to" is used to refer to time.For example,The time is twenty past seven.He returned at quarter to eight.In American English, 'after" is used instead of "past," and "of" instead of "to".For example,It was twenty after eight.At a quarter of eight, he called her.⦁ In British English, a full stop is used after the hour when time is stated in numerals.For example,The train leaves at 7.30.In American English, a colon is used instead of a full stop after the hour.The train leaves at 7:30.Prepositions⦁ Sentences can end with a preposition in British English.For example: It was appropriate for the situation it was used in.However, it is American English prefers not to end a sentence with a preposition unless necessary.For example: It was appropriate for the situation in which it was used.⦁ Other Examples regarding the use of prepositions:British English lives in a street.American English lives on a street.British English works in a company.American English works for a companyBritish English schedules for a meeting.American English schedules a meeting.British English does something at the weekend.American English does something on the weekend.British English is in two minds about something.American English is of two minds about something.The British girl was named after her mother.The American girl was named for her mother.British English can leave on Monday.American English can leave Monday.The Britons on the course had a distinct advantage.The Americans in the course had a distinct advantage.It provided British English with an excuse.It provided American English an excuse.British English: That approximates to the truth.American English: That approximates the truth.British English: Monday to Friday inclusiveAmerican English: Monday through FridayBritish English: Can you come on Tuesday?American English: Can you come Tuesday?British English consults its doctor.American English consults with its doctor.British English is different to (or different from) American English. Different than is not used in British English.American English is different from or different than British English.CurrencyIsolated references to amounts of money in United States currency are spelled out or expressed in numerals. Large round numbers that are cumbersome to express in numbers can be spelled out in units of millions or billions, accompanied by numerals and a dollar sigh.For exampleHe paid five dollars to attend the event.The committee raised a total of $350. (No space between the dollar sign and the number)Both firms agreed upon a price of $3 million.In British usage, a billion is equal to a million million. In American English, a billion is equal to a thousand million.TitlesIn British English, titles such as Mr and Mrs do not end with a period. In American English, these titles end with a period.IdiomsBritish English and American English have slightly different idioms.British English⦁ A home from home⦁ Leave well enough⦁ A storm in a teacup⦁ Sweep under the carpet⦁ Blow one’s own trumpetAmerican English⦁ A home away from home⦁ Leave well enough alone⦁ A tempest in a teacup/teapot⦁ Sweep under the rug⦁ Blow one’s own hornGeneral Usage⦁ JustBritish English uses the present perfect tense with just. For example, I have just arrived. American English uses the simple past tense. For example, I just arrived.⦁ TermAt a British school and college or university, each year is divided into three terms. It is divided into four terms at an American school.At an American college or university, each year is divided into two semesters or three trimesters.⦁ LawyerIn British English, a barrister is a lawyer who speaks in the higher courts of law on behalf of either the prosecution or the defence. A solicitor is a lawyer who gives legal advice to clients, prepares legal documents, and may also, in certain circumstances, represent a client in court.In American English, an attorney is a lawyer who acts for someone in a legal matter and is qualified to represent clients in court.⦁ Ground floorIn British English, the floor of a building that is in level with the ground is called the ground floor. The floor above it is called the first floor, the floor above that is the second floor, and so on.In American English, the floor that is in level with the ground is called the first floor, the floor above it is called the second floor, and so on.⦁ BillIn British English, a bill is a piece of paper showing how much money you owe for a meal in a restaurant. For example, Two women at the next table paid their bill and walked out.In American English, a piece of paper like this is called a check. A bill in American English is a piece of paper money.⦁ BanknoteIn British English, paper money is referred to as banknotes or simply notes.For example, some of the banknotes were unbelievably dirty.He handed me a ten-pound note.In American English, a banknote is referred to as a bill.For example, He took a five-dollar bill.⦁ ChemistIn British English, a chemist is a person who is qualified to prepare and sell drugs and medicines.For example, He took the pills that the chemist had given him.In American English, such a person is called a pharmacist.For example, He was training to become a pharmacist.However, in both British and American English, a chemist is also a person who conducts chemical research. For example, He was a research chemist.⦁ Chemist'sIn Britain, a chemist's is a shop where you can buy medicine, cosmetics, and some household items.In American English, a shop where you can buy medicines and cosmetics is called a drugstore. You can also buy simple meals and snacks in a drugstore.⦁ ShopIn British English, a building or part of a building where goods are sold is usually called a shop.In American English, it is called a store, unless it is very small and has just one type of goods, in which case it is called a shop.In British English, very large shops are sometimes called stores.In both British and American English, a large shop that has separate departments selling different types of goods is called a department store.⦁ SchoolIn British English, a school refers to only schools, not universities.For example, The children are at school.She is at university.In American English, school (without "a" or "the") is used to refer to both schools and universities. For example, The children were in school.She is doing well in school.⦁ HomeworkIn British English, a piece of academic work given to students to do at home is called homework.In American English, it is called an assignment.⦁ Shopping centerThe obsolescent British usage "shopping arcade" means a group of shops fronting on to a covered pedestrian way. "Shopping centre" usually implies covered access in British usage whereas American usage uses "mall" to imply covered access and "center" to imply non-covered access. A "parade of shops" in British usage refers to a row of shops fronting on to a road, this usage is largely confined to Southern England. "Mall" can also mean a large public park-like area such as Independence Mall in Philadelphia.⦁ ClassIn Many British schools and in some American private schools, form is used instead of class. Form is used especially with a number to refer to a particular class or age group.For example, she is the fifth form.He is in Form 3.In American schools, grade is used to refer to a form.For example He is in the second grade.⦁ HolidayIn British English, you refer to a period of time you are allowed to spend away from work or school as the holiday or holidays.For example, We went away during the Christmas holidays.I went to Paris for a holiday.Remember to turn off the gas when you go on holiday.In American English, a holiday is a single day when people do not work. It is often to commemorate an important event.In British English, such a day is called a bank holiday.The usual American word for a longer period of time spent away from work or school, or for a period of time spent away from home enjoying yourself is vacation.For example, She used to take a vacation at that time.In British English, a vacation is one of the periods of several weeks when the university or college is officially closed for teaching.For example, I did a lot of reading over the vacation.⦁ HomelyIn American English, if you say that a person is homely, you mean that they are not attractive to look at.For example, A broad grin spread across his homely features.In British English, an unattractive person is called plain. Homely in British English refers to a simple, kind, and unsophisticated attitude.⦁ CinemaFilms in Britain are referred to as cinema or pictures. A building where films are shown is called a cinema theatre or cinema hall.For example,Everyone has gone to the cinema.She went twice a week to the pictures.In America, films are often called movies. A building where films are shown is called a movie theater.For example,I was driving home from the movies.⦁ Sorry?In British English, Sorry?, I'm sorry, and Pardon? are expressions of apologies or comments made when you did not hear or understand what somebody said and want them to repeat it. For example, ‘Pardon, could you say that again?’In American English, you say "Pardon me (or Excuse me), I didn’t see you there" as apologies."Pardon me?" and "Excuse me?" are used when you did not hear or understand what somebody said and want them to repeat it.⦁ ProfessorIn a British university, a professor is the most senior teacher in a department.In an American or Canadian university, a professor is a senior teacher. He or she is not necessarily the most senior teacher in a department.⦁ Shop AssistantIn British English, a person selling goods to customers in a shop is called a shop assistant. In American English, such a person is called a sales clerk.⦁ PubIn British English, a place where you can buy and drink alcoholic drinks is called a pub. Such a place is called a bar in American English.⦁ ParcelThere is very little difference between parcel and package in British English. A packet is a small container in which a quantity of something is solid. For example, a cigarette packet.Package is more common in American English than parcel. Packets are called packs or packages in American English.For example, I am taking this package to the post office.⦁ FortnightIn British English, the common term for two weeks is fortnight.For exampleHe borrowed it for a fortnight.American speakers do not usually use this word. They use “two weeks” instead.⦁ FairIn British English, a fair is an amusement event held in a park or field. In American English, an event like this is called a carnival.In British English, a carnival is an outdoor public festival, which is held every year in a particular place.⦁ MatchIn Britain, two teams play a match. In America, they play a game.⦁ RoundThe American English equivalent for round is around.⦁ EnquireThe American English term for enquire is inquire.⦁ LonelyIn British English, someone who is lonely is unhappy because they are alone.For exampleSince he left India, he had been lonely and homesick.American speakers usually say lonesome instead of lonely.For exampleI bet you told her how lonesome you were.National Holidays of the United StatesNew Year's Day January 1Martin Luther King's Day^ ** January 15Abraham Lincoln's Birthday^ February 12George Washington's Birthday** February 22Memorial Day^ ** May 30Fourth of July (Independence Day) July 4Labor Day First Monday in SeptemberColumbus Day^ ** October 12Veterans Day** November 11Thanksgiving Day Third Tuesday in NovemberChristmas Day December 25^ These are legal holidays only in some of the states.** These are holidays for all federal employees. In some states, these are celebrated on Mondays, regardless of their actual dates.Indian EnglishThe following represents a typical usage of English in India.⦁ Interrogative construction without subject/object inversion.For example, What you would like to buy?⦁ Missing definite articleFor example, Office is closed today.⦁ One used instead of an indefinite articleHe gave me one book.⦁ Use of the gerund form with the verbFor example,Geetha is having two brothers.You must be knowing my cousin.⦁ Repetition for emphasisI bought some small small things.⦁ Use of Yes and No as question tagsShe was helping you, no?He is coming, yes?⦁ Use of Isn’t it as a generalized tagThey are coming tomorrow, isn’t it?You are liking it here, isn’t it?⦁ Only used for emphasisThey live like that only (instead of That’s how they live)⦁ Use of present perfect instead of simple pastI have bought the book yesterday.AMERICANIZATION of English.============================You don't open a telephone conversation with a HELLO but with a "Hi"The telephone is never "engaged", it's always "busy".You don't "disconnect" a phone, you simply "hang-up".You never "mess-up" things, you only "screw them up".You never have a "residence" tel. no., you have a "home" no.You don't stop at the "signals", but halt at the "lights".You don't "accelerate", you "step on the gas".Your tire never "punctures", you may have a "flat".The trains have "coaches" or "boggies' no more but "carriages" or"boxes".There R no "petrol pumps", but "gas stations"."I don't know nothing", 2 negatives don't make a positive here.You no longer meet a "wonderful" person, you meet a "cool" guyYou don't pull the switch down to light a bulb,rather flick it up.No one stays "a stone's throw away", but "a few blocks away".There's no "Town Side", it's "Down Town".In hotel you no longer ask for "bill" and pay by "cheque", rather askfor "check" and pay with (Dollar) "bill"s.There are no "soft drinks", only "sodas".Life's no longer "miserable" it "stinks".Never "post" a letter, always "mail" it and "glue" the stamps,don't "stick" them.You no longer live in "flats" or "blocks", find an "apartment".You don't stand in a "queue", you are in a "line".You no longer "like" something, you "appreciate" it."#" is not "hash", it's "pound".You can't get "surprised" you get "zapped".You never "joke", you just "kid".You never "increase" the pressure, you always "crank" it up.You never ask for a pencil "rubber" you ask for an eraser. a rubber isa condomYou don't try to find a lift, you find an elevator.You don't ask somebody "How are you ?", you say "What's up dude?"You never go to see a match, you go to watch a game.There's no FULL STOP after a statement, there's a PERIOD.If someone gets angry at U, you get "flamed".You don't say "How do you do", you say "How you doin"In short you don't speak English, you speak American.Well you don't say life is boring you say LIFE SUCKS !!!!!

(A2A) Thanks for asking, Ingrid. I’m more than happy to answer, as many foreigners seem to think that entire Norway is like Oslo, the capital.[1] However, Norway is a very diverse country.Among city people in Norway, especially in Oslo, there are many myths about the Norwegian countryside, some alive and kicking in other A2As to this question. In the following, I therefore encourage the reader to follow the links below, even if you don’t speak Norwegian, as many links contain pictures. They will give you a chance to see for yourself what the Norwegian countryside is really like.One stubborn myth is that there is depopulation all over the country. Well, true enough, there used to be. But rural Norway is changing.I’m a city boy. I have lived in Oslo my entire adult life after my dear late mum remarried, but my home and my heart is Trondheim, [2] Norway’s 3rd largest city (pop. 200 000), smack in the middle of the indeed elongated Norwegian country, which would stretch all the way from the Canadian border to the Florida panhandle if you moved Norway across the Atlantic Ocean.However, I have also worked for six months as a teacher in Nordland fylke, [3] living in a small municipality without even a village center. In addition, I have seen almost the entire country as a touring new wave musician in the 1980s, playing many tiny villages. I have in fact performed live in 18 of Norway’s 19 fylke (provinces), which are soon to become 11 new regions.statisticsAs of January 1st 2017, 4 283 184 Norwegians (81,5%) live in cities, towns and villages. 960 461 lived in sparsely populated areas.[4]The population of the densely populated areas increased by 55 335 people in 2016, while 8 115 fewer people lived in remote areas come 2017. The discrepancy is due to immigration and population growth.However, the population of the four largest cities of Norway increased only by 25 00 in 2016, which tells us that many Norwegians have moved to the new regional centers.THE REGIONAL CENTERS OF NORWAYCountryside in Norway used to mean isolated, single farms or a cluster of farms and houses. Maybe a truckstop, a gas station, a hotel or a grocery store here and there along the highway. But today it could just as well mean living in or close to a regional center or rural town of a few thousand people.To be given status as a by (town) in Norway, the kommune (municipality) in which it is located, needs to have at least 5 000 inhabitants. However, the town proper can have just a couple of thousand inhabitants, and there are at present 104 towns in Norway, 23 of them with less than 3 000 inhabitants, 4 with less than 1 000.The establishment of regional centers has been a conscious and bi-partisan policy by the Norwegian parliament. The intention has been twofold: to prevent depopulation of the countryside by making the countryside more attactive to live in, and to limit the growth of the major cities, where there for quite some time has been a housing crisis and soaring housing prices, which in the long run is a threat to the Norwegian economy, something several foreign or multinational institutions and organisations repeatedly have warned Norway about. [5]Although there are still regions being depopulated, the overall picture is that the population is not only stabilizing in many regions, there is even a slight population growth in quite a few municipalities. [6]There are small, bustling country towns all over the place. The conscious policy of regionalization is starting to take effect.BREKSTAD, A TOWN IN TRØNDELAG, CENTRAL NORWAY[7]A new Norwegian countryside is rising, for instance in the town of Brekstad (pop: 2 000) in the small kommune (73,18 km2/18 000 ac) of Ørland (pop.: 5 200)[8] on the Fosen peninsula with its 11 kommune and 24 000 inhabitants. [9] Population growth in Ørland 2016–2017 was 1,6%, and since the millennium, there are 16,6% more brekstadings in Brekstad.shopping in BrekstadIn Brekstad, in the new LIBRA shopping center, which predecessor was built in 1978,[10] the shops may not have all the models of your favourite shoe brand, but they do stock Loop, Birkenstock, Adidas and Nike, and in one of the two local sport shops you will get Puma as well. There is Timberland, FILA, GANT, Lee, and Tiger of Sweden to wear. [11] (Didn’t find any of my favourite jeans brands, though. Bummer!)Brekstad spouts two jewelry shops, one of them also an optician, and four supermarkets, plus one Asian grocery store. The large Norwegian chain Elkjop offers kitchen appliances, smartphones, games, computers, audio, TVs, radios and all other electronix. In LIBRA and elsewhere, there is e.g. a florist, a gardening shop, a toy shop, a pharmacy, several gift shops, a book store, a hair salon, a paint shop, a furniture shop, a health food store, a second hand store, car salesmen, a bakery, and the Norwegian government’s wine and liquer monopoly Vinmonopolet has a branch in Brekstad - of course! [12] And yes, you can indeed get your hot espresso or caffe latte in the town center.Not bad for a town with just 2 000 inhabitants, eh?Besides, these days, you have the internet, so if you desperately need that Luis Vitton handbag or a Stone Island jacket, it’s just a click away.Brekstad also has a lawyer, an advertising agency, a print shop, a real estate agent, a hiring agency, a consulting firm, a debt collection firm, a photographer, banks, an art gallery, an accounting firm, as well as several hotels, restaurants, a bar and a pub. And maybe best of all, there is great food, fresh from the surrounding farms. If you don’t mind a short drive, you can visit the farm shop of the Solvang farm, where they raise turkeys and sell homemade jams, pastries, fishburgers freshly made from local fish, as well as their own turkey products and other delicatessen.[13] [14]Farm shops is a new feature of Norwegian farming, a most welcome enterprise for an agricultural sector in decline for decades. 28 000 farms have closed down since 1999, and the 45 000 people working in agriculture are encouraged by the authorities to be innovative. 5% of Norway’s farms have gone organic, while in the early 1990s there were just a handful. [15] Although most farms in Norway are small, the average farm being 235 km2 (58 acres), the entire sector is highly mechaniced and efficient. [16] There are also many large producers. Norway is e.g. self-suffient with tomatoes. In the Rogaland region, one rural producer alone supplies the Norwegian market with 5–10 tons of greenhouse tomatoes every week.[17]But back to Brekstad, where there are three medical and two dental clinics, including ER for both services as well as some specialist physicians and nurses, even a private company ambulance. There are churches, and there is a NAV (Welfare and Employment) office, post office, the sheriff’s department, a fire department, a Child Welfare Services office, a public psychiatric unit (pilot) and most other Norwegian public services.Some services may be located other places on Fosen, rather than Brekstad, but living without a car in Ørland…? You are kidding me, right? But, for that matter, Fosen also has a comprehensive bus service with several routes. However, buses run when there is traffic, and no more than six or seven times a day, some just once, or on weekdays only. [18] [19]YOUR LOCAL NEWS SOURCENorway is a country of local newspapers, both online and in print, [20] and they are being read by 1M people in every part of Norway. Fosen is of course no exception. Fosna-Folket is twice a week distributed in +7 300 copies, and until 2017, “Folket” held its ground against the internet, but these days the Thursday edtion is no more. [21] [22]NO JOBS, NO COUNTRYSIDENot all jobs are available in the countryside. You may not be able to secure yourself a job locally. So what do you do?Once upon a time, white-collar workers started working at 9 am and blue-collar workers begun at 7 pm. Shops in Norway opened at 10 am and closed at 5 pm. However, working hours have become more flexible.working from home. If you don’t service others and have a computer at home, there’s no need for a regular office, at least not every single day. Your employer may let you work from home or stay home parts of your working week, or accept that you arrive 11 am and work until 18 pm. Or maybe you are self-employed, serving mainly customers in e.g. the capital? Then you can easily live in Brekstad.commuting. Many on the Fosen peninsula commute to Trondheim. The speedy commuter ferry will take them there, including the drive to the ferry terminal, in maybe as little as one hour. [23] In the Oslo region, thousands of people work in Oslo, but take the train to and fro work, as trains no longer take forever or stop at each and every small village. If you live in northeastern Grorud Valley, but work in Skøyen on Oslo’s westside, you may even spend more time getting to work than if you live in Brekstad, working in Trondheim. Or maybe you want your kids to grow up in Brekstad, but now that they have become teenagers, you don’t see all that much of them anyway, so becoming an ukependler (weekly communter), spending only weekends at home in Brekstad, makes sense? I mean, you can talk to them and your spouse on social media or on your smartphone whenever you or they please, right?However, most jobs in the countryside will have to be located in the countryside, and not just on farms or in the fishing industry. But we have already seen that regional centers create jobs, as brekstadingene and other fosninger no longer need to travel to Trondheim to satisfy their basic needs, but are served locally. Clinics need employees, so do kindergartens and schools, and the municipal administration and other public sector institutions need workers in a city which is growing. [24] More people means houses have to be built, and with increased traffic, roads have to be maintained and plow trucks must clear them in winter, so eight people are employed in the Norwegian Road Authority, div. Brekstad.Ørland is also home to an important base of the Norwegian Air Force and the base of Norway’s new F-35s, while the older F–16s have been as far as Kyrgyzstan, fighting terrorists there. The new F-35s will be operative in 2019, and some 650 military and civilian personel work at the Ørland base, as well as 200–300 conscripts.[25]But most of all, the countryside needs jobs, as in productive labour. Mascot Høie in Brekstad produces 15 000 pillows and duvets daily, as well as linen, while Grøntvedt Pelagic is the world’s largest producer of barrel-marinated herring. If you have eaten pickled herring on a hotel somewhere on the globe, it may well have originated in Brekstad, since Grøntvedt exports 80% of their 250 000 yearly barrels of herring as far as Japan, plus mackerel and other pelagic species.And of course there are farms in Ørland. Look at the picture below. Brekstad is a tiny cluster of buildings and houses, surrounded by fertile farmland as far as the eye can see. 8% of the population in Ørland is employed in agriculture.This is the new Norwegian countryside.THE MARVELS OF FAMILY LIFE IN BREKSTAD AND ØRLANDIf you are a family person, Brekstad and Ørland is a great place to live.Ørland has five kindergartens and full municipal coverage with two public and three private kindergartens: Marihøna (Ladybug) Music and Outdoor Kindergarten, [26] The Teaching Workshop - Nature and Farm Kindergarten, [27] and Sunnyflower Waldorf Kindergarten. [28]There are two primary and one secondary school in Ørland, but your older teenagers will have to take the school bus to get to Fosen High School in neighbouring Bjugn kommune. [29]Now, these days, many children spend too much time in front of their computers, but in Brekstad you have a far better chance of succeeding in kicking your spawn out of the house. Here, they can roam about on foot or on their bikes, go exploring or fishing or climbing or whatever, in a very safe environment with no dealers or street gangs on the corner.The football teams of Ørland Ballklubb [30] play at Ørland Stadium, and who knows, maybe your kid one day will follow in the footsteps of brekstading Jo Tessem, who went from Ørland BK to become a professional footballer, playing for Southampton FC in England at the height of his career. [31] ØBK also offers handball in the new Ørland Savings Bank Arena [32] with its three handball courts. If ballplay isn’t attractive for your picky off-spring, they can go swimming in the newly renovated public pool [33] or join a different sports club. If you are prepared to drive them to a neighbouring municipality, there are a plethora of other sports available for them on the Fosen peninsula. [34]When you’ve had enough havoc and noise around the house, to finally get some peace and quiet, you can send them to the movies in the brand new and very stylish Community House (Kulturhus). [35]Every kommune in Norway has one these days, it seems.[36]And if your kids get too preoccupied with fishing, sports and bicycle roaming, you can send them to the Ørland Community Library in Brekstad, [37] where both the childrens’ section and the youth section offers not only hundreds of books, but also music albums, movies, audio books, comics and maybe a game of chess? Or your spawn can borrow some books or other media and take them home, all for free.In October, there will be music, dance and theatre with and for 10–18 year olds in Skrekkspillene (Horror Games), and 300 children are following classes at Kulturskolen (Culture School).[38]What more could you possibly want for your kids? Disneyworld?!WHAT TO DO IN BREKSTAD AND ØRLANDAnd what about yourself? What can you do to pass the time in Ørland?It has been said that there is one organisation per capita in Norway. That is of course an exaggeration, but on the Fosen peninsula there are over 250 sports clubs, community organisations, religious and political organisations, motor clubs, naturalist associations, music associations, i.e. roughly some kind of community organisation per 100 inhabitants. There is a scuba club, an accordeon club, boating clubs, neighbourhood associations, and there are sports clubs which offers e.g. Tae Kwon Do and karate, equestrianism, basket, rugby, cycling, skiing, kayaking, sailing, archery, motor sports and swimming. [39] You can join a bridge or a darts club, and if birdwatching is your favourite pastime, Ørland spouts one of the six Norwegian Wetland Centers (Våtmarksenteret), as Ørland municipality is restoring wetlands and marshes. [40][41]Two activities have a long-standing tradition in the Norwegian countryside, and they are maintaining their popularity: Fishing and hunting. There are three Fosen branches of the Norwegian Association of Hunters and Anglers (NJFF), [42]one of Norway’s largest organisations with some 120 000 members of a population of 5M and with no less than 600 NJFF branches all over Norway, an NJFF rate of 1.5 per municipality, as there are 422 Norwegian kommuner.Fosen is renowned for its fishing opportunities, not only sea fishing for cod, pollock, lythe, wolffish, ling, haddock, flounder, whiting, dogfish, sea trout and mackerel, but there are also a great number of lakes and rivers on Fosen with Arctic char, trout and salmon. There are seven small boat marinas in Ørland, and many brekstadings own their own vessel.However, if one activity should be named the pastime of the nation of Fosen, I suspect it would be hunting. Not many foreigners know that Norway is indeed a country of guns. Norway is in fact no. 11 on the world ranking of private gun ownership, with close to 1,4M guns.[43]Most Norwegian private weapons are hunting rifles and shotguns, and the legal quota in Ørland for 2018 is 122 deer and 99 moose (elk). There is also rich duck, goose and small game hunting, which why there are no less than 18 local gun clubs on Fosen.Fosen is also a great place for trekking and hiking, and in Snillfjord, northeast of Ørland, there is even a stretch of rare boreal rainforest. [44]The Community House also features guest performances, and the coming autumn, Brekstad will be visited by comedians and a magician, and when Jarle Bernhoft, nominated for a Grammy in the US in 2015, comes to town, there will no doubt be a full house. [45]GOING TO THE REGIONAL CAPITALA few decades ago, the rural population of Trøndelag [46]had to go to Trondheim to buy, order or seek out much of what they needed of goods and services. Typically, there would be no dentist, optician, medical specialist or lawyer for miles in the countryside, and the only local events would be the bygdefest (“barn dance”), infamous for moonshine calamities, at the old community houses, usually built pre-WW2 and with terrible acoustics.But these days, the town of Brekstad serves the entire Fosen peninsula, the population’s basic needs well catered to. And there are enough customers on Fosen to run a profitable shop, workers available if you want to start a business, and a sufficent number of clients for a public facility or office to make spending of taxpayer money acceptable. Indeed, Ørland, this tiny municipality bordering the Atlantic Ocean which used to be marred by depopulation, even has a 9 hole golf course![47]Never mind the vinyl shop and the sushi bar. You can visit them when you once a month take a trip to Trondheim, where you may also go see a match at the Lerkendal Arena, home of Rosenborg FC, the no. 1 football (soccer) club in Norway, which at least 90% of the inhabitants of Fosen are rooting for with great enthusiasm, especially when RBK plays other top teams in one of the European cups. [48] Trondheim is just a 1–2 hour drive away, plus a catamaran ride across the Trondheim Fiord; no need to bring your car, you leave it at the parking lot by the ferry terminal. [49][50] Or, you could go to Kristiansund,[51] the capital of Nordmøre, [52] enjoying a light meal and a beer or coffee during the 3 1/2 hour ride,[53] picking up passengers on the islands of Hitra and Smøla on the way, hoping that the final leg to Kristiansund will be a smooth ride, as you may be exposed to the wrath of the open Atlantic Ocean if the weather is rough.Ørland-Oslo by airThere are 49 airports certified for commercial traffic in Norway, and Ørland Flyplass (OLA) is one of the 31 minor Norwegian airports, thanks to the Ørland Airforce Base, which is open for commercial traffic as well. A daily service operated by Danish Air Transport will in one hour take you to the Gardermoen National Airport in Oslo, just another boarding from the rest of the world. [54]NORWEGIAN REGIONAL INFRASTRUCTUREIn order to make the new regional structure work, proper communications are indeed needed. Western and northern Norway is ferryland, and 20M cars are annually transported between the terminals of the 121 Norwegian local ferry routes. In a few decades, most will be running of hydropower or hybrid energy, not diesel, so charging stations are being built for ferries, as well as for the estimated 1,5M electrical cars which will be trafficking Norway in 2030.The politicians let Norwegian transport infrastructure decay and detoriate up until around 2010, and some roads and railroads are in an abysmal state. Several roads are quite literally dangerous, as rockslides and gigant falling rocks come tumbling down with regular intervals. even on heavily trafficked highways. [55] Train punctuality has improved the last five years, but still delays are common, much to the chagrin of commuters and travellers who may miss the last ferry home. [56] The Norwegian National Railroad Adminstration (JV)[57] has been the subject of massive criticisms for its lack of foresight and planning.[58] Unfortunately, government top brass are rarely held accountable in Norway. The envelope usually stops by the entrance, where the press officer will say, “Yes. We do have some challenges, but…”The infrastucture of the Norwegian land-based transport sector is in need of investments of no less than 2,6T NOK (USD 320B) 2018–2050, according to a report from 2015. [59] But the mountainous task of upgrading Norwegian roads and railroads is at least finally being adressed, even if the lag is so significant that it will take decades before the entire Norwegian infrastructure is elevated to an acceptable level.On the good side: Norway has +99% broadband coverage, and 75% of all households has 8 Mbit, while 55% has 25 Mbit speed. 99% of Norwegians have 4G, and +50% of the Norwegian land area has coverage.[60] However, the telecommunications sector is private and competition is fierce, while most road & transport is public, and the Norwegian government bureaucracy is infamous for building over budget, IT scandals[61] and endless, successive series of committee deliberations, reports and assessments. Extensive public hearings may take forever, involving a multitude of hearing instances. They call it “democracy the Norwegian way”. If the telecom networks had been public, we’d probably all still be on 3G.OUTSIDE BREKSTAD AND BEYONDThe old Norwegian countryside is still around. When I was teaching up north, I lived in a kommune which now has a population of 2 000, and no regional center. Where I lived, there were just two grocery stores, a school, and 800 inhabitants, most of them employed in farming, fisheries or public sector. Many locals were weekend commuters. Job creation simply didn’t exist. In 25 of the of the 32 municipalities in Nordland with less than 5 000 inhabitants, the population declined from 2016 to 2017. Of the 21 kommunes with less than 2 000 inhabitants, 13 saw a decline, 4 as much as +3%.That many chose and choose to leave the old countryside, is understandable. With almost no possibility of leading some kind of social life in the modern sense, many will become bored or feel that life passes them by.Whether the new Norwegian regionalism will be a success in the end, remains to be seen. In addition to Brekstad, there are five small villages and three inhabited islands in Ørland, places that typically are being depopulated elsewhere in Norway. There are of course people who thrive in an environment like that and wouldn’t trade it for the world. But only a combination of stubborness and the ability to make a living in such remote areas will decide whether these communities will survive. Tourism, however, is expanding, as many city folks are seeking peace and quiet, and also a sense of rural authenticiy, staying e.g. at a lighthouse or an old boat house converted into a bed & breakfast or a rental, being taken out to sea in a fishing boat, returning perhaps with a 10 pound cod; a local chef may even prepare it personally for you some places. [62] [63] [64][65]THE FUTUREØrland municipality will do its utmost to help people move to Ørland or remain there. Every citizen counts. These days, most municipalities in Norway have a Chief Business Commissioner (næringssjef), whose job is to attract businesses and investors to the municipality. If a company should need a plot or a property, it is very likely they will aquire it. Some municipalities even offer lots for free. If a company needs a lateral road or a pier, electricity or water supply in order to run their business, the municipality will do their best to get funds from the government, [66] or they may even take up a loan themselves in a local bank. Ørland will also help any newcomers with housing and maybe give surety if a family should feel they need a 4WD on snowy winter roads.What the future will bring? Who can tell?But Brekstad isn’t special, it’s typical. This is what the new Norwegian countryside, or at least parts of it, looks like. Not exactly urban, but still.THE URBANIST’S BRIEF GUIDE TO THE NORWEGIAN COUNTRYSIDENow, of course, after a while, you will most likely meet no strangers in the pub. If you are a dedicated collector of vinyl, you will have to go to Trondheim. I can’t find any sushi bar in Brekstad, just an Asian take-away, although I woldn’t be surprised if a sushi bar pops up come 2019, but I don’t exactly expect the chef to be born in Kyoto, Japan. If you are an urban person, Brekstad is not where you will want to live.If you are single, your choice of a spouse will be limited, but you always have match.com, and just like in the Viking age, the menfolk of Brekstad will travel abroad to find a wife, which is why it is not unusual in places like Brekstad to see quite a few Asian women, who will be more than happy to settle in a nice and friendly country town like Brekstad.So if you recognize yourself in the Tom Waits line…And you wonder how you ever fathomedthat you’d be contentto stay within the city limitsof a small midwestern town…then I strongly advice you against settling in a place like Brekstad. You will most likely get extremely bored, then restless, and soon you will want to move.However, the people who live there, will shake their heads and wonder how you could be such a fool to leave their small community, as they head to their favourite fishing spot, take the kids to the new swimming hall, or look up to see a sparrowhawk soar high above them, as they go about weeding in their very own organic kitchen garden, picking fresh thyme and lovage, thinking-Poor city folks, they don’t know what they’re missing. What’s with the word chilling they don’t understand?Brekstad in Ørland on a sunny summers’s day.Scuba diving in Ørland, anyone?And if you’re lucky, you may get a visit by Vamp from Haugesund in southwestern Norway, one of the flagships of Norwegian country/folk music, here with their massive classic “Liten fuggel” (Small bird) - in nynorsk, [67] of course.Or maybe you prefer the controversial Brekstad TNBM heroes of Slagmaur? [68]Warning: NSFW!For more facts about Norway, check out my Quora blog:NORWAY EXPLAINED:Your guide to Norway and Norwegians by Morten JørgensenFootnotes[1] Morten Jørgensen's answer to What are some subtle cultural aspects of Norwegians that you probably can't learn about via Google?[2] Trondheim - Wikipedia[3] Nordland - Wikipedia[4] 2017-12-19[5] IMF warns Norway over property prices[6] Folketalet ved nyttår var 5 258 000[7] Trøndelag - Wikipedia[8] Ørland - Wikipedia[9] Fosen - Wikipedia[10] Se utviklingen av Libra bilde for bilde fra 1977 [11] Shopping - Ørland[12] Vinmonopolet - Wikipedia[13] Åpningstider[14] Brekstad Sentrum - Ørland[15] Fakta[16] Snart kan du produsere spesialmelk[17] Tomat-resultater i verdensklasse[18] https://www.atb.no/getfile.php/1314924-1528101561/Rutetabeller/Sommer2018/AtB_rute451.pdf[19] https://www.atb.no/getfile.php/1315017-1528101790/Rutetabeller/Sommer2018/AtB_rute490.pdf[20] Landslaget for lokalaviser – Wikipedia[21] Fosna-Folket[22] Fosna-Folket - Wikipedia[23] Trondheim - Brekstad[24] https://www.orland.kommune.no/administrasjon/organisasjonskart/[25] The future has landed[26] Marihøna musikk- og friluftsbarnehage[27] Læringsverkstedet Opphaug natur- og gårdsbarnehage[28] Solblomsten Steinerbarnehage[29] Fosen VGS - fosen.vgs.no[30] Ørland Ballklubb - Fotballgruppa[31] Jo Tessem - Wikipedia[32] Sitter du på et ønske om å støtte byggingen av den nye storstua?[33] Svømmehallen - Ørland kommune[34] Idrettslag og foreninger på Fosen[35] Kino / Ørland Kultursenter[36] Image on mdn.no[37] Ørland folkebibliotek[38] SKREKKSPILLENE PÅ FOSEN[39] https://www.orland.no/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Sports-%C3%98rland.pdf[40] Rusasetvatnet / Ørland Kultursenter[41] Fuglene flokker til Rusasetvatnet[42] Norwegian Association of Hunters and Anglers - Wikipedia[43] Få har flere våpen enn nordmenn[44] Scandinavian coastal conifer forests - Wikipedia[45] Jarle Bernhoft - Wikipedia[46] Trøndelag - Wikipedia[47] Austrått Golfklubb[48] Rosenborg's Miracle Against Ajax[49] Trondheim - Vanvikan[50] Trondheim - Brekstad[51] Kristiansund - Wikipedia[52] Nordmøre - Wikipedia[53] Trondheim - Brekstad - Kristiansund[54] Ørland Airport - Wikipedia[55] Image on tv2.no[56] Forsinkelser i togtrafikken over hele landet[57] Norwegian National Rail Administration - Wikipedia[58] Riksrevisjonen med skarp kritikk av Jernbaneverket[59] Knusende rapport om Norges tilstand: Forfall på 2600 milliarder[60] Mobildekning – Wikipedia[61] IT-skandale -sverige -danmark -social at DuckDuckGo[62] http://kufly.no/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/IMG_3252ed.jpg[63] Visit Coastal Norway - Tourist information for Hitra, Frøya, Bjugn, Snillfjord, Osen, Åfjord, Roan, Rissa, Leksvik og Fosen - KystNorge[64] Discover Fosen Norway Autumn theme[65] Turistkatalog. Ørland. Oppslagsverk for personer i kontakt med turister. v PDF[66] Innovation Norway - Wikipedia[67] Nynorsk - Wikipedia[68] Slagmaur - Bestemor Sang Djevelord Lyrics | Musixmatch