Volume 39 Number 4 Fall 2012 In Action: Fill & Download for Free

Let us explore the reason for not seeing any visible changes in two phases. In the first phase, let us evaluate whether Modi is capable of producing visible changes and in the second phase, let us see the factors that can hamper such visible changes.Phase 1: Is Modi a capable Leader?In my opinion, a Leader should have the following qualities:Ability to understand the Objective Reality (Helps to understand the current state and identify the pain Areas Example: Black Money)Love, Courage and Selflessness to serve the nation and people (Enable the Leader to make a decision to develop the people and nation and also to eradicate the pain areas Example: Surgical attack and Demonetisation)Intellectual potential to derive the right and appropriate Goals ( Helps to derive a Vision towards the development of people and nation by rectifying the Pain Areas Example: Modus operandi followed during Demonetisation)Wisdom to plan and implement the right Solutions, at right time, through right people and right methods (Example: Capable of implementing even a risky and revolutionary system with the help of very few right people and at right time)Determination and Perseverance to achieve the derived Goals (Example: While whole opposition parties are together against him, he fights for his Goals)Honesty and Sincerity followed throughout the political career (Example: He could have survived this term as prime minister and successfully completed the remaining period without bothering to eradicate black money and corruption like other leaders of the past. But his conscience hasn't allowed him to do so)While most of the Indian Leaders lack all of the above six qualities, fortunately, few Leaders like Narendra Modi, Arvind Kejriwal, Mamta Banerjee etc. possess these qualities.While these good Leaders possess the six qualities in different potential, Narendra Modi definitely has more potential of these qualities than the rest of the leaders. This makes him as an indisputable Leader out of available good leaders. Hence, we will accept him as a capable Leader and proceed further to Phase 2 to explore about the factors that can hamper visible changes.Phase 2: Factors that can hamper visible changesVisible Changes can be seen more from the investment made in infrastructure.India has planned to make the following investments in infrastructure through it’s 12th Five year plan: (Source: Twelfth Five Year (2012-17), Planning Commission, Yojana Bhawan, Government of India - Faster, More Inclusive and Sustainable Growth Volume 1The target for infrastructure investment during the 12th Five-year Plan, probably the last one in the series, would fall short of the target by 30%, with huge slippages in telecom, electricity, renewable energy, ports and railways, according to an internal estimate by the government. While the goal was to spend Rs 55.7 lakh crore (around $1 trillion when the Plan was formulated), between 2012 and 17, the actual investments could be not higher than Rs 39 lakh crore.Realizing the huge gap in investments, the Modi government, that came into power by May 2014, has taken a number of steps to mobilize funds from various sources for development of basic infrastructure. These included establishment of infrastructure debt funds, relaxation of the rules for external commercial borrowings and foreign direct investment and mainstreaming of public-private partnerships by changing concession agreements wherever required.Of the total Rs 55.75 lakh crore total investment in the Plan period, half was projected to be from debt markets. But, unfortunately, there is No adequate fund available in the official debt market.Since 30% of the infrastructure projects have failed to even take off and the remaining projects find it difficult to mobilize funds from the debt markets, we are unable to see any visible changes around us.Modi who has come into the power only during the second half of the Five year plan, is trying to repair the situation by tracking the lost funds in the debt market.Where has the money gone disappearing from official Debt market?Money that disappeared from the official Debt market,has got into the Black Market in the name of Black Money.By a research carried out by Ambit Capital Research, India's black economy has reached over Rs 30 lakh crore or about 20 per cent of total GDP.Another research conducted by National Institute for Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP) has reported that the black economy amounts to as much as 75 percent of the recorded GDP.Since the Black Money behaves like a cancer, it can gradually nullify the official money circulating in the money market and make the Government totally stranded by loosing it’s capability to invest in any infrastructure projects. Economists are much aware that Economy of any country that is not able to invest in infrastructure projects to meet the Demand of Growth would eventually collapse completely.But Government can only invest from official Money and it can’t use Black Money for developmental purposes.More the official money disappears, more the economy halts.Mr. Narendra Modi is much concerned about this Cancer (Black Money) and he has started vigorously acting (through the process of Demonetisation) against this deadliest disease before it could kill the humanity.Since Black Money as a disease that has spread very deep into the body (National Economy), Narendra Modi is supposed to treat the patient (Money Market) over a long period of time and the results would be seen sooner or later depending on the Cruciality of the disease (hideous nature of Black Money).Let us be happy for having got a Doctor like Modi finally to attend the patient (nation) at least during crucial stage of disease (black economy) and let us be positive that this Doctor (Modi) would cure the patient before latter goes into coma.Edit 1 : (problems identified): (Edited in April 2017): Many of my friends have assumed that I have declared Mr.Modi nearly a perfect person. So I am forced to clarify the fact that I never vouched Mr.Modi as a flawless person.I would undoubtedly say that he has few strong negative traits and inefficiency such as:i) blocking the performance of the opponents by playing unfair tricks in behind the screen. A good leader can fight against his opponents till they win the election. In case, the opponents have made their way to capture the power to rule a state or any administration bodies, then the leader should start supporting them in governance failing which the people would ultimately suffer due to the personal vengeance of the leader.ii) not acting immediately towards the burning issues of poor people (eg.farmers fighting for remedial actions). In my opinion, he is trying to run the government as a corporate company by making it rich and start supporting capitalism while not caring about the pain areas of poor.iii) not finding amicable ways to close down tollgates and slash down rates of taxation even after nearing the completion of 3 years of power (I sincerely fail to understand as to why public should toll at highways, as the Government is collecting different taxes as revenue for the basic amenities) etc.When I see him as a better leader out of available ones, it doesn't mean he is the perfect one.In fact, if he is going to continue with these negative traits and inefficiency as mentioned above, I strongly doubt whether he will be able to retain the supremacy of leadership anymore.It is high time Mr.Modi should start realising the fact that the common man has not yet received any significant benefit nor experienced any positive difference in his routine life even after nearly 3 years of opportunity provided to Mr.Modi as prime minister.Is he not a reformer? http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21723830-he-more-nationalist-firebrand-indias-prime-minister-not-much-reformer?fsrc=scn/fb/te/bl/ed/indiasprimeministerisnotasmuchofareformerasheseemsEdit 2 : (progress identified) : Edited on 17th May 201791 lakhs of people are added to Tax Net. Good job by Modi's government.Continuing Income Tax department's raids prove that Modi is still serious and he is determined towards the goal of eliminating the parallel rule of black money.Investigation into 'Hawala' network is a wonderful feat towards identifying the black assets and black deposits in foreign countries.In my opinion, these three actions given above are very crucial as more than 50% of cumulative GDP of India stay outside India in different forms.Apart from the aforesaid progress in eradicating black money, Modi is giving much focus in obtaining a permanent NSG seat for India. We could also see Modi's pressure towards Russia for obtaining NSG seat through the MOU of Kudankulam power project.Implementation of GST (Goods & Service Tax ) Bill and expected reduction in pricing of goods and inflationSo, through edit 2, I congratulate Mr. Modi for the positive and very important steps taken towards eradication of black money and also towards the Security concerns of the country.While we will wish him all the best to progress more, he is also requested to consider and correct those points mentioned in Edit 1.

These are the best tips and tricks and advice that I can think of …….As in -What are the top ten facts you know in psychology, and never do advice ?Some mind blowing facts about female psychology?Bella Smith, studied Psychology (2012)Updated Sun• According to some survey, 70% of females use silence to express pain. You know she’s truly hurt when she chooses to ignore you.• Women can understand and read emotions better than men but, sometimes, they are emotionally vulnerable.• A woman’s favorite song will tell you more about her feelings than her lips ever will.• When a woman tells you about her problems, it does not mean that she is complaining. It just means that she trusts you.• According to researchers, women who are shown ideal and perfect body images usually lower their satisfaction with their own attractiveness.• Women look more attractive when they are fertile.• Women are more prone to extreme mood swings. They tend to think more of those who ignore them than those who constantly talk to them.• Women can empathize more, can feel what others feel and are highly caring and protective to their loved ones.• Females are more emotional compared to males.• Females are more likely to say, "I’m sorry” because they are more likely to think they have done something wrong.• Females are better at multitasking than males according to studies. For example, think of household chores, cooking, cleaning, etc.• Females are better than males at remembering faces.• Females deal with stress by joining or socializing with others, whereas males love to fly away or get into fights with others.• Men socialize by insulting each other but they don't really mean it. Women socialize by complimenting each other, and they don't really mean it either.• Most if not all women have their own dream world that they wish to be true one day.• When a girl asks you a question, it’s better to just give her the truth. Chances are she’s asking you because she already knows the answer - They are good at this.• Women tend to argue more with the person they care about. If they don’t, maybe they aren't interested.• Women are more attracted to men who pay attention, to the ones who remember details about them without having to be reminded.• Females have twice as many pain receptors on their bodies than males but a much higher tolerance than males.• Women are better at remembering pretty girls’ faces because they are seen as potential threats to them.• A study found that curvy women may be more clever than skinny women due to fatty acids in their hips that improve their mental abilities.• Women like forehead kisses above everything.• Women tend to fall in love with those who talk naughty. Just know your limit or they may think you’re some creepy pervert.• Women crave sex more than men do.• Females take a longer time to make a decision than males do, but once they’ve made a decision, they are more likely to stick to it.• Humor is associated with intelligence and, honestly, this is why most women tend to be attracted to men with a good sense of humor.• In every girl’s life, there’s a boy she will never forget.• Ignoring her is only teaching her how to live without you. You think she's suffering, while this whole time she’s adjusting.• Women’s eyes speak a lot, and it’s a doorway to her heart.THE DOs and DONTS OF LIFE FOR CLERGY FOR THE NEW YEAR 2020(By Bro David)(I have spent a Very Varied life and it is not yet spent BD )Your decisions are more rational when thought in another language.2 The more you spend on others, the happier you feel.3 90% of the people say things that they can’t actually say in person, which is why so many people breakup by texts ! He!4 Smarter people underestimate themselves5 Our hearts and how we fall in love and that being in Love feeling ’ has a lot to do with various chemical reactions of the brain- Although there are other factors involved of course !6 The longer you hide your feeling for someone, the harder you fall for that person.7 When you remember a past event, you are actually remembering the last moment when you remembered it.8 Comedians and funny peoples are actually more depressed than others.9 When you are single all you see are happy couples, when you are not you find happy singles.10 When a person dies, they have 7 minutes of brain activity left in which they see a dream like sequence of their memories.Included are ........Good liars are better at detecting lies of others.1 Don't be a pessimist. Always be positive and motivate others.Nothing is precious than telling It's okay, we will go through this to your broken friend.2 Never ever gossip. It's a waste of time and useless.3 Never try alcohol and smoking for fun.4 Never doubt your loving ones. Relationship breaks, because of this.5 Never take decisions when you are angry. It will be wrong always.NEVER ..........- break laws at the felony level2 - treat women as inferiors (or anyone else,for that matter)3 - marijuana - absolutely not until you are 25 at the very least. SCientific American reports research that says that it affects the maturing of your brain, which is not complete until about 25 or so. In moderate amounts, at home, at night - OK., after 30.4 - do not spend any time at all regretting past sins, unless it helps you to fix whatever it was that caused the error, sin, mistake, and so on5 - do not forget to treat other people with forgiveness if applicable -do not forget to include yourself in your forgiveness6- There is no need of any competition with anybody. You are yourself, and as you are, you are perfectly good. Accept yourself.”7- In your work life you may be called upon to commit destructive acts that will hurt others or the World , as for example being a secret agent and having to kill another human being or secret CIA black ops which target innocent people ? Never obey any one’s command unless it is coming from within you own spiritual Heart is best ! 👍8- Truth is within Thee, do not search for it elsewhere- Reflect and search within thine own Soul for the answer and GOD will reply !9- Empty thyself of self (ego) Become an empty vessel so that the Lord May fill you with his Holy Spirit 👍10- Dark night of the soul summary -Out with the old you ! In with the new you! Let the old you Die each moment so that you can be made anew as each moment goes by in life!NEVER ....AND ........underestimate yourselfsettle for less than you shouldpractice habitual lazinessbe mean to othersbe jealous of othersKill anyone (Unless there is serious and compelling mitigation).Sleep with strangers when drunk.Avoid getting involved in any sort of crime. You will make some easy money thats true but then you can never live a reasonable life with crime. You can never really raise a healthy family with it and sooner or later you might lose your freedom. If we all think about the negative aspect of selling dope or any illegal means of getting funds, you will see that it doesn't really worth it.Never keep toxic people in your life, I mean people that disturb your sanity to the extent of losing confidence in oneself. Learn to discard people.After dating someone and the relationship failed, don’t give them any second chance. You can only die once and not twice.Don’t live in your past and not in your future, they will both rob you off from enjoying the moment.Don’t drink and drive, that is if value your life and other peoples lives.It is said that the greatest gift one can give someone is that which is of greatest value to you, because it is a personal sacrifice to give up something which is very dear to you.AND ..........Act like you trust people, even if you don't- this will give you a good edge and perhaps a good escape routine when Things go haywire!happiness is a choice.learn to say no.don't be too much available for anyone.family over friends anytime.forgive people but be healthily wary.you are beautiful just the way you are.CONFIDENCE IS THE KEY.a private life is a happy life. staying lowkey will literally solve half of your problems.Comparing yourself to others will kill your happiness.if you have naturally curly hair, it beautiful, stop straightening it.Learn as many as languages as possible.People see you 20% more attractive than you think you are according to a study.When talking to someone, use their name, this will make them like you more.Severe depression can cause us to age faster, this is by increasing the aging process in cells.The way you dress is linked to your mood, changing your wardrobe to nicer clothes makes you more unlikely to suffer from depression.An ant’s sense of smell is greater than that of a dog.Study shows being dumped causes frustration attraction that’s why many people still hold on to the ex that dumped them.If a person speaks less, and when they speak, they speak fast and straight to the point, they are more likely to keep secrets.If you are always worried what other people will think, you will never be happy.When trying to convince someone something, make sure they are seated and you are standing, this will help you convince them fast enough.Bananas contain a chemical that naturally helps make someone happy, this is the same chemical found in Prozac.Good points to live by .......Watch less TVRemember that nobody cares about you apart from a few peopleTherefore, as a result of number 2, you don’t need all that stuffDownsize thingsWrite down how much you earn and divide by number of hours.Then write down how much time you waste with all that stuff. For example, you spend 5 hours a week doing task a or b? That might be indirectly costing you £1,000Don’t take things to the extremeRead on frugal living and minimalismRead investment books so you are motivated to reinvest the dividends from minimalismStay focusedTurn off commercialsNever be influenced by any marketing which is designed for you to overspendRead about cognitive bias that makes minimalism so harmWatch the Minimalist documentary on NetflixLearn from other successful minimalists!1. Never regret what happened in the past, because at that time, that's exactly what you want.2. Worry is the most useless thing in the world. It's like holding an umbrella and running around waiting for it to rain.3. The only difference between a good day and a bad day lies in your attitude.4. You might remember, "No fun lasts forever." Also do not forget: Pain and challenges also follow this rule.5. People often say: "Handsome is not equal". Trying to end in the end will work because everyone who wins will win.6. Like wildflowers, learn to survive in the harshest of situations, even if the world thinks you can't.7. Don't confuse my personality and my attitude. My personality speaks for me, and my attitude depends on who you are.8. Don't think dreams will succeed. But to understand that success needs more than that.9. Of course, you don't have to try and succeed, sometimes you take all of yourself and still fail.10. But the main thing is failure and sometimes learn more than success, because failure knows to stop, so try harder at what point.11. Each of us is an individual, no one can be alike so do not imitate each other because the sky is not free to create a bunch of similar toys.12. If others respect you, respect them. If they don't respect you, still respect them, don't let other people's actions affect your good personality. Because, you are you, not someone else.13. Life is only one, so do what makes you happy and be with someone who makes you smile.14. When life puts you in a dead end, don't ask: Why me? But say: Try me!15. Never give your secret to anyone, because if you can't keep it, who do you expect?16. If you expect people to be kind to you just because you are kind to them, then it is the same as if you expect a lion not to eat you just because you don't eat it. Life is inherently unfair, learn to adapt.17. If others speak ill of you, judge you even though you know nothing about you. Don't be sad, remember one thing carefully: "Dogs bark at strangers"18. Sometimes, not a person has changed, only their mask has fallen off.19. If you are always upset, use hope to treat it. The greatest happiness of mankind is knowing hope.20. Life is the same if it takes anything from you, then it will make up for something else, only that you will go looking or not.21. Don't cry because it's over. Smile because it happened.22. When we aspire to life without adversity, remember that oak becomes strong in the opposite wind, and diamonds form under pressure.23. People say love is more important than money, but have you ever tried to pay your bills with a hug?24. Who does not want to get there, then even if a good start is worth the effort.25. Anxiety doesn't stop bad things from happening, it just stops good things from happening.26. You laugh and the whole world will laugh with you, and cry you only cry in loneliness.27. Everything negative, pressure, challenges are opportunities for me to rise.28. When life pushes you down, try to land with force. Because if you can look up, you can stand up. Let reason pull you up.29. The poorest man in the world is not the one who doesn't have a penny, but the one who doesn't have a dream.30. Dreams are like birds feeling the morning and singing softly when it was still dark.31. Be careful what you say. Once said, it can be forgiven but never forgotten.32. When the waves of life come and the current makes your boat capsize. Do not waste tears for the past, just calmly drift along the waves.33. Daydreaming about the person you desire is like wasting your true self. Live in the Hear and now because you might be dead tomorrow !34. A turn on the road, is not the end of the road, unless you refuse to turn. Life is a lesson !35. Every time I stumble, I often tell myself to get up quickly and move on.36. To become a star, you have to shine your own light, follow your own path, and don't worry about the dark, because that's when the brightest star.37. Reason can tell us what to avoid, and the heart will tell us what to do.38. There is no tomorrow without end, without suffering there is no way out.39. The best way to succeed in life is to act on the advice we give to others.40. If you want to make your dreams come true, the first thing you need to do is wake upDon’t make fun of others.Don’t take advantage of someone’s politeness.Don’t use a person for your advantage.Don’t call someone ugly.Don’t call someone overweighted.Don’t disrespect/ humiliate/taunt someone.Don’t be a racist.Avoid sarcasm.Don’t break the trust of someone.Don’t call someone a looser.1.smiling is 69% more attractive than wearing makeup …2. Hugging for 20 seconds release oxytocin which can cause you to trust that one3. Keeping your goals personal helps you to achieve them …4. 81 % of people use music as an escape from all the negative things in their life ..6. Your behaviour is based on observations of past and experiences…7. People who love Black colour have most colourful minds ..8. 95 % of people feel uncomfortable when they watches TV on odd volume …9. Being alone and enjoying your own company is better for your health than being surrounded ..10. Brilliant people under-estimate themselves wheares ignorant people think they are brilliant ..Our attitude toward life determines life's attitude towards us.Difficulties increase the nearer we approach the goal.If you want a happy life, tie it to a goal, not to people or things.Watch your thoughts, they become your words. Watch your words, they become your actions. Watch your actions, they become your destiny.There is nothing more attractive than confidence, once you see your own beauty, so will everyone else.The best revenge is massive success.We only fail when you stop trying.Tough times create tough people.Good things take time.Positive thinking will let you do everything better than negative thinking will.Worry ends when faith begins.Mistakes are proof that you're trying.Some readingBest Investment books 20194 things which separate the wealthy from everybody else52 finance tipsWhy the wealthy spend less on luxury: the 70/30 rule in financeTell someone who is angry that they have every right to feel that way if you want to calm them down. Don’t tell them to calm down.People who blush easily are generally more generous and trustworthy than those who don't.When you become really close to someone, you can hear their voice in your head when you read their texts.If you think somebody is giving you a fake number, read it back to them incorrectly. See, if they correct you.People are generally more honest when they are physically tired and stressed. This is why people confess things during late night conversations.Your thumb is the same length as your nose.When you’re arguing with someone and start laughing, it will make them even madder. This is a great way to win a trivial argument.Daytime naps improve memory and cuts the risk of heart attacks.Want someone's number at a party? Take a picture with them and ask them to send it to you.Psychology says that people who are lying to you tend to look up and to their left.Silence tends to be the best way to let someone know that they did something wrong.Poor eyesight(myopia) is associated with higher IQ.People will be more willing to do something for you if you ask them in their right ear.If you feel hard to stay awake, drink two drinks: one hot and one cold. The combination stimulates the senses in your brain-- you’ll stay awake.The most unexpected relationships and friendships tend to significantly last longer.ON LIFES CHANGES -What you have taken, Has been from here!What you gave has been given hereWhat belongs to you todaybelonged to someone yesterdayand will be someone else’s tomorrow!To be wise is to accept change. To be enlightened is to love change.Change is the Law of The Universe!Psychology says men tend to forget but never forgive. Women tend to forgive but never forget.A person who enjoys being single is called Quirkyalone.A person usually makes a lot of hand gestures when telling a true story. When telling a lie, a person's hands will noticeably stay still.If you brush your teeth(and other small tasks) with the wrong hand, you force the brain to work differently. This will improve your self control.“Study without desire spoils the memory, and it retains nothing that it takes in. ” - Leonardo da VinciWhen you get an email or text that infuriates you, wait about an hour to respond. You’ll be surprised at how much rational you become.Smile before answering the phone. It will make you sound happier and will improve the quality of your conversation.Being surrounded by the colour yellow helps you stay focused. Yellow color decreases the production of melatonin, a hormone which makes you sleepy.Adolescence is one of the period in life where humans sleep a lot.A liar might unconsciously place objects like book, coffee cup, etc. between you and themselves while speaking.Talking about ourselves triggers the same sensation of pleasure in our brain as food or money.Most of the problems in your life are due to two reasons: you act without thinking, or think without acting.The human mind can only maintain complete trust once for each person. Once broken, it's never the same.Words don't have power to hurt you, unless the person means a lot to you.The way you talk to your children becomes their inner voice.School doesn't test your intelligence. It tests your memory.People with the highest IQ stay up late at night because their brains have increased mental stimulations.If you stay up all night, your body will burn an extra 161 calories.The most common lie is ‘I am fine'.With a little cynicism....!Your birth is all a game. You could be born into a wealthy, happy, poor, cursed or abusive family. It’s like spin the wheel. And you can’t control it.It’s best NOT to complain about your problems to others so much . 20% of the time, they do not care, 80% they are glad you have them.We want people doing well, but not better than us- STRANGELY ENOUGH ?!Even the nicest of people can use you once they know you are a doormat, so be cautious and a little wary unfortunately!Sometimes Death CAN’T wait and just arrives without warning.There is a 50% chance that people are friends with you because of your status/looks/money, and NOT ALWAYS - because of you as a person.Looks sometimes DO matter, actually. We assume that attractive people are more friendly, fun, just by looking at them.You need to learn to say NO. Always saying yes makes you a doormat.(At the office?)- People only notice you when you fail.Life isn’t always fair. It may never be. Some idiot get the good stuff. Some kind hearted souls just… suffer- but not always ! He!Don’t try to be the hero 24/7. Remember, as you are saving others, more people have died around you already.You’re more likely to die on your birthday. GOSH! STREWTH!A woman can ruin a man’s life in one false accusation and vice versa.Avoiding pain/never suffering makes you easier to break.We may never really be able to properly explore the universe. We are on a small, blue planet, a VERY small blue planet compared to the entire universe.One day, someone will say your name for the last time!!! .People can be very selfish. And Selflessness where exactly ? .........People probably do things because they think they will get something in return later unfortunately!Sometimes with the person that means a lot to you, you may mean a lot less to them.l,but not always !No matter what you do, some people will hate you anyway.Out of all relationships you have, only one of them may - succeed.“Nice guys” are not nice guys. When...........Technology is making us more selfish and narcissistic than ever.Social media is destroying lives of the young, robbing the young of innocence.Why not to trust somebody and how to detect a Conman and save yourself from danger and being ripped off .....The basic giveaways are NOT, as most believe, a person not being able to look you in the eyes, etc.Great con men rock the eye connection and other common myths. They’re practiced, smooth and charming and charismatic as hell.Even the pros (CIA, FBI, Cops etc.) are sometimes taken in by them. So, the giveaways are:........Guts. What does your instinct tell you? If you practice listening to and acting on your instinct and you KNOW that still quiet voice inside, it is always 100% correct. If you start doubting it, second guessing it, you’ll muddy the waters and be wrong 50% of the time. Learn to use, listen to and act on your intuition until you get it right. It takes time, but it’s the best predictor out there. Every great cop I know has razor sharp intuition - to the point of being psychic at times.Love bombing. This is the giveaway of the century but most people refuse to believe they’re being love bombed. Cults use it, all groups use it, and con men and women use it.Love bombing is where someone or some group or organization tells you how smart, talented, special, or gifted you are.You’ll get a steady stream of comments and compliments that are designed to make you feel special, welcomed, part of the organization or a desirable partner, date, or whatever. It is the secret weapon of narcissists too. Love bombing causes you to let down your guard and to trust people before they have proven themselves trustworthy. Love Bombing: A Narcissist's Secret Weapon.You’re generally showered with affection, gifts, access to things others don’t have - either access to a person, place, information, data or an exclusive right. All new relationships can be exciting, but if your new “friend” is suddenly texting, emailing, calling and filling your inbox with messages, then be suspicious, very suspicious.The person starts asking for things, favors (usually small at first), or access, or things you generally don’t give to people until you’ve known them for a while. In other words, they start creating a relationship where you say yes to things you’re not really comfortable saying yes to, but they’re not such big things that you feel justified saying no to, so you say yes, but feel uneasy about doing so.This is how untrustworthy people groom you for saying “yes” to things you would never agree to if you weren’t groomed - meaning your tolerance level is raised - like a frog in a pot of water - the heat is turned up so gradually the frog is boiled alive, never knowing what happened.The person does NOT like hearing the word “no,” or being rebuffed. They won’t go ballistic, but they will simply act annoyed or miffed, or offended. It’s like they’ve never been told “no,” before. You’ll almost feel the chill set in - like you’re being punished by having boundaries.If you’re a normal person you’ll feel guilty and wonder if you “shouldn’t” have said no. That’s what they want you to feel. You’re easier to manipulate if you feel guilty. If you have strong boundaries and know that YOU are not responsible for other people’s feelings, you’re less likely to be manipulated.They want to know “everything” about you - but not really. What they’re looking for are clues about how to manipulate you - what you like, what you fear, what are your weak spots, your strong suits, your vulnerabilities. They get agitated when you have healthy boundaries or don’t want to share that information early in the relationship.They don’t respect your boundaries, or they keep “forgetting” the boundary and reoffending you.The untrustworthy person will quickly put their cigarettes away the first time, but then later will pull out their cigarettes again, then say, “OH. That’s right.I almost forgot you really hate cigarettes,” and put them away, but their tone is one of guilting me, or heavy and carries a sense of their being put out to accommodate me.They don’t respect your property. If they borrow something they don’t treat it with respect and don’t offer to fix or replace things they break. It’s almost like they have to leave your stuff in a worse condition than when they borrowed it, and act offended if you make an issue of it. If they borrow your car they’ll return it with less gas in it than it had when they borrowed it, and it’ll be dirtier inside and out than when they drove off.They hate kids. No, not just dislike. or feel uncomfortable around - they have a strong dislike of kids. Kids see through their bullshit so they prefer to avoid your children. If they do act like they like your kids, your kids won’t like them…generally. They will love bomb your kids to get them to like them, but it all feels weird IF you’re paying attention.Your pets don’t like them. Say what you want about dogs and pets who growl, run, hide, or avoid people, but if you have an animal who shows fear or avoids this person - listen to them. They know.They share intimate details of their friend's lives, but never of their own. They gossip. They want to know details of YOUR life, but rarely share anything from their life. The things they do share sound scripted - like they’ve told them a thousand times.They bully or ignore those who they can’t use. Take them to lunch and watch how they treat the waiter or waitress. If they are dismissive, rude, or condescending, they’re not to be trusted.They seem alittle off! This can happen legitimately with people with personality disorders or mental illness, but psychopaths and sociopaths don’t think, feel, or respond to human emotion like normal - They just seem a little “off,” like no one ever explained how healthy relationships or common courtesies works.They never introduce you to their friends or family. Most con-men don’t want you having any way to track them down when things go south. They tend to be loners, or “too busy” for relationships (except for someone as special as you!) and will either avoid conversations about their family, or have incredibly detailed stories about their family, but almost never have photos.They like to dominate you, the relationship, the situation, the problem-solving, the project, the job, the task, the date etc.. They’re very, very, very, very into being top dog in all aspects of your relationship - whether personal or professional. How to Spot a Sociopath in 3 StepsHow they talk. This is where my training comes in, but you can still read a lot about the conversations of untrustworthy people. (1) they rush the conversation. That means they don’t give you time to think about what they’ve said or are asking - as though if they did you’d realize they’re untrustworthy.(2) watch their actions, not their words. The two rarely gel.Always trust your instinct here, and watch what they DO, not what they say. (3) They avoid answering the question. They’re masters of the redirect - appearing to answer your questions, but not really answering them. You’ll feel like they said something important, but it rarely answers the question.Ask about past jobs and relationships. If they blame others, their old boss, their old girlfriend/boyfriend, and everything bad that happens to them is someone else’s fault, then back off. You’ll be the next person they blame - whether you deserve it or not.Untrustworthy people will have some or all of these traits. Always take time to get to know someone before letting them into your life, your home, and your vulnerabilities.Honest relationships worth having are worth waiting for. Don’t get swept off of your feet with a vacation date, or someone you meet at a public event.If it’s real, it will last if you move slow. If you feel pressured, uneasy, suspicious, doubtful - trust your feelings.Your intuition is speaking. Too many women end up robbed, murdered and abused every year because they were desperate for attention, love, or whatever these con men offered.Don’t become a statistic. It’s better to live alone than die at the hands of a con man, besides Jesus never wanted you to ever Get married as you are already married to Christ !......Esoteric rule of correct conduct .........The Four Noble Truths1. Life means suffering and struggle2. The origin of suffering and struggle is attachment3. It is possible to end suffering and struggle through...4. ...The Eightfold PathThe Eightfold Path1. Right View (The Four Noble Truths)2. Right Intentiona. Renunciation:Resistance to desireb. Goodwill:Resistance to anger and aversionc. Harmlessness:Compassion,Don't think or act cruelly, violently or aggressively3. Right Speecha. Tell the truthb. Don't gossipc. Don't use offensive or hurtful language4. Right Action (The Precepts)a. Don't harm other living beingsb. Don't take things not freely givenc. Don't engage in sexual misconductd. Don't engage in false speeche. Don't abuse drugs or alcoholf. Eat for the soul and not the body therefore eat Vegan to Vegatarian - Eat not cruelly !g. Set thy heart upon thy work, but never on its reward.”It may seem contradictory, but we should never engage in action for the sake of reward. This is because seeking a reward binds us to the world , Instead, do your work with love. Expect nothing. Let God decide the rewards and the correct time of receipt!h. When meditation is mastered, the mind is unwavering like the flame of a lamp in a windless place.”Meditation makes you happier. It is a timeless truth. It creates a strong mind that can overcome any obstacle and can help us achieve our dreams.I. We’re kept from our goal not by obstacles, but by a clear path to a lesser goal.”It’s so easy to get distracted in life because easier pathways present themselves. But the truth is that if we ever want to find success and fulfillment in life, most of the time we have to choose the harder path. So have no fear when dreaming. Dream as big as you can. Move your dream into the present moment to manifest it.j. You came here empty-handed, and you will leave empty-handed.”It’s easy to think that we ‘own’ things. But the truth is that we have temporary ownership of them because when we leave this world, we leave everything. Sensory pleasures are short-lived. When they disappear they can cause suffering. The wise do not attach their happiness to such pleasures. They go beyond them.k. For the soul, there is never birth nor death. Nor, having once been, does he ever cease to be. He is unborn, eternal, ever-existing, undying and primeval.He is not slain when the body is slain.”Birth and death are of the physical world. They are put of the duality that surrounds us — light and dark, heat and cold. But energy can never be created or destroyed; it transforms from one form to another. Energy is in essence, non-dual. Consciousness is not of the human body it is of the Soul and spirit and beyond into realms untold!l. What has happened has happened. There is nothing more to be done. The future is a picture, an illusion. It has not arrived ! It is always NOW. You control the present. Live it to the fullest. EXISTS IN THE ETERNAL NOW!m. OF GOD ........................The man who sees me in everythingand everything within mewill not be lost to me, norwill I ever be lost to him.He who is rooted in my divine onenessrealizes that I amin every being; whereverhe goes, he remains in me.When he sees all being as equalin suffering or in joybecause they are like himself,that man has grown perfect in God.”We have to get in the habit of seeing through labels and stories and see the inherent goodness in all beings. Every other being wants to be treated like you do, so be nice to them. This is not just a golden rule, but a spiritual law. We are all Divine. We are all One in and with the Creator!n. A gift is pure when it is given from the heart to the right person at the right time and at the right place, and when we expect nothing in return”Be pure when giving. Love grows when shared. Give and unto thee it shall be given! You give in the correct way and you shall receive a thousand fold!o.5. Right LivelihoodDon't work in a job that violates The Precepts6. Right Efforta. Create, preserve and increase healthy statesb. Prevent, eliminate or decrease harmful states7. Right Mindfulnessa. See things clearlyb. The Four Foundations of MindfulnessBe mindful of:- body- feeling- state of mind- phenomena8. Right Concentrationa. Meditationb. Concentration on healthy thoughts and actionsThe Four divine Immeasurables.......1. Compassion: The intention and capacity to relieve the suffering of oneself and all other living beings.2. Loving Kindness: The intention and capacity to bring joy and happiness to oneself and all other living beings.3. Empathetic Joy: Rejoicing in the happiness and virtues of another living being4. Equanimity: Accepting loss or gain, praise or blame, success or failure with detachment. Regarding all living beings equally. Being clear-minded and tranquil but not dull.The Three Poisons(The Roots of All Suffering)...........Anger/Aversion/HatredCraving/Attachment/GreedDelusion/Ignorance......................................................HOW TO REMAIN MENTALLY HEALTHY !Giving Thanks and having Gratitude Does Your Body Good 👍Gratitude involves affirming the good in your life and recognizing its sources. It is the understanding that life owes you nothing, and that the good things in your life are gifts that cannot be taken for grantedGratitude is uniquely important to psychological well-being. In teenagers, gratitude has been found to correlate with positive emotions, life satisfaction, social support and prosocial behaviorGratitude lowers stress, improves depression and improves emotional resiliency; researchers have suggested gratitude practice can be used as a psychotherapeutic interventionOne particularly potent strategy is to write a letter of gratitude to someone whom you’ve not properly thanked for their kindness, and to hand deliver the letter to them. This has been shown to result in an immediate and significant increase in happiness that can last for up to a monthA dozen different strategies are reviewed, all of which can help you build and strengthen your sense of gratitudeFocusing on gratitude has become a growing trend in recent years,1 and for good reason. There’s a lot of stress, illness and unhappiness in the world, and gratitude is an effective remedy for all of these — and it’s free.For example, research shows that gratitude:2,3,4,5Alters your brain in a number of beneficial ways —Examples include triggering release of mood-regulating neurotransmitters6 such as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and oxytocin; inhibiting the stress hormone cortisol; and stimulating your hypothalamus (a brain area involved in the regulation of stress) and your ventral tegmental area (part of your brain’s reward circuitry that produces pleasurable feelings)7Increases happiness and life satisfaction8,9Lowers stress and emotional distressImproves emotional resiliency10Reduces symptoms of depression11,12Reduces painLowers inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory cytokinesLowers blood sugarImproves immune function13Lowers blood pressureImproves heart health,14 reducing the likelihood of sudden death in patients with congestive heart failure and coronary artery diseaseLowers risk for heart disease15,16Improves general health by encouraging self-care17,18Improves sleep19Improves interpersonal relationships20Boosts productivity21Reduces materialism22 and increases generosity,23 both of which can increase happiness and life satisfactionNO MATTER WHAT, NEVER hate ANYONEAlways remember, NOTHING IS PERMANENT. Things WILL turn around someday. BELIEVE THATSTOP COMPLAINING.Complaining is simply giving yourself excuses for your inaction.STOP BLAMING EVERYONE FOR YOUR PROBLEMS. They are your problems for a reason. You could complain for years and no one will solve them for you or you could use a day or a week or months to take care of that issue.BE CONTENT WITH YOURSELF AND WHATEVER YOU CURRENTLY POSSESS. Don't envy. Simply try to make your life better. ACCEPT whatever your life circumstances are currently. Then if you can change it, do so.LET GO OFF EXPECTATIONS. Your kindness and goodness should come from a place love and abundance. Give freely and you will NEVER be disappointed.Stop trying to change what you cannot control and take control over what you can. Stop trying to change people but instead try to influence them.Try to live by yourself. Why? It will teach you how to take responsibility for yourself and how to be self-reliant. Plus you will appreciate people more.NEVER QUIT whatever makes you happy unless you are uncomfortable doing it or it goes against your beliefs or is unhealthy for you. It is what keeps you sane. Do Yoga !.Help people out in the smallest of ways possible. It doesn't matter. Helping that man out with his load wouldn't be a bad idea. Getting that kid whose mother cannot afford that toy as his Christmas present would be fantastic. If it wouldn't break the bank. BELIEVE IT OR NOT THAT KID WILL ALWAYS REMEMBER and do similar for others in the future. And that's how you make the world a better place .................Be grateful.The test to discover if you are truly spiritually enlightened ........They do not try to change others,… instead focus on changing them self.They accept people as they are.They understand everyone is right in their own perspective.They know how to “Let go”They will be able to drop “expectations” from a anyone and give for the sake of giving.They know well that whatever they do, they do for their own peace.They won’t be trying to prove to the world, how intelligent they are.They don’t seek approval from others.They do not compare themselves with others.They are always at peace with them self.They are able to differentiate between “need” and “want” and are able to let go of their wants.They never attach “happiness” to material things.They do not even have the knowledge of what is desire.They maintain equanimity in praise and defamation, sorrow and happiness.They are the embodiment of all virtues and spiritual powers.They know they are in this world to give...........SELF CONFIDENCE IN THE MODERN WORLD by MattConfidence is the degree to which you can trust yourself.We tend to confuse confidence for skill: we see someone who’s a great speaker, a serial entrepreneur, a daring athlete, and think “I wish I could be like them”. Able to show up and just do it.What we don’t see is the hundreds of times they tried and it didn’t work out.That’s how they built their skills: by having the confidence to show up again.Confidence is not knowing that you will win at whatever game you choose to play; it’s the certainty that you can take a punch (or a few).That, when things won’t go the way you want them to, you will keep showing up and take another one on the chin. And again.Because that’s the best way to learn and get that level of skill where things work out great most of the time.Confidence is not about results, it’s about effort: do you trust yourself to keep showing up? Or will you give up and stop doing it?That’s why my hack to build confidence is to get used to doing things I don’t want to be doing.For example, I love running in the rain.Why? Because I used to hate it. All I wanted was to stay in and postpone the run, so I forced myself to run or train outside whenever it rains.I used to hate cold water, so I took a cold shower every day.I wasn’t a great runner, so I ran a marathon with 4 weeks of training.I used to be uncomfortable talking to women, so I talked to 300 in a year.I didn’t feel confident speaking in public, so I joined a speaking group.I was scared to write online, so I started writing on Quora weekly.I now feel confident at all the above, and more.And that’s how I built my confidence.By showing myself that I can trust me.No matter the result, I’m going to show up.– MattHOW TO REMAIN MENTALLY HEALTHY !NO MATTER WHAT, NEVER hate ANYONEAlways remember, NOTHING IS PERMANENT. Things WILL turn around someday. BELIEVE THATSTOP COMPLAINING.Complaining is simply giving yourself excuses for your inaction.STOP BLAMING EVERYONE FOR YOUR PROBLEMS. They are your problems for a reason. You could complain for years and no one will solve them for you or you could use a day or a week or months to take care of that issue.BE CONTENT WITH YOURSELF AND WHATEVER YOU CURRENTLY POSSESS. Don't envy. Simply try to make your life better. ACCEPT whatever your life circumstances are currently. Then if you can change it, do so.LET GO OFF EXPECTATIONS. Your kindness and goodness should come from a place love and abundance. Give freely and you will NEVER be disappointed.Stop trying to change what you cannot control and take control over what you can. Stop trying to change people but instead try to influence them.Try to live by yourself. Why? It will teach you how to take responsibility for yourself and how to be self-reliant. Plus you will appreciate people more.NEVER QUIT whatever makes you happy unless you are uncomfortable doing it or it goes against your beliefs or is unhealthy for you. It is what keeps you sane. Do Yoga !.Help people out in the smallest of ways possible. It doesn't matter. Helping that man out with his load wouldn't be a bad idea. Getting that kid whose mother cannot afford that toy as his Christmas present would be fantastic. If it wouldn't break the bank.BELIEVE IT OR NOT THAT KID WILL ALWAYS REMEMBER and do similar for others in the future. And that's how you make the world a better place .................Be grateful.ABOVE ALL REMEMBER GOD AND LET LOVE RULE Your LIFE ALWAYS!And finally unusual day to day facts that all happen to be true ...........1 There are more tigers in the USA than there are in the wild.2 The average cumulus cloud weighs just over 1.1 million pounds.3 Pineapples take 2 years to grow.4 Maine is the closest USA state to Africa.5 Scientists who work around cockroaches often become allergic to ground coffee.6 Dolphins are trained by certain militaries to detect mines.7 Bananas are berries, but strawberries are not.8 Cleopatra lived closer to today than she did to when the pyramids were built.9 7% of all humans who have ever lived are currently alive today.10 The Guinness World Record book was created to end bar arguments.11 Babies don’t have (full) kneecaps until around 3 years old.12 If you drop silly putty from a huge height, it will shatter.13 Poland promoted a bear to corporal during World War II.14 One 18-inch pizza has more pizza than 2 12-inch pizzas.15 There are more trees on Earth than stars in this galaxy. (Again, controversial, but several sources list this to be true.)16 In a room of 23 people, there’s a greater than 50% chance someone shares the same birthday. (This one is rather complicated to explain, but it’s true.)17 The USA lost a nuclear bomb off the shore of Georgia.18 Honey never expires.19 Baby carrots were invented in 1986.20 Days on Venus are longer than years on Venus.21 Mr. Potato Head was the first toy to be advertised on television.22 Some snails have over 14,000 teeth.23 Froot Loops all have the same berry flavor.24 In 2005, a fortune cookie company printed their guess for the lottery on fortunes. 110 people won the next lottery, and no fraud existed.25 “Bloopers” were originally called “Boners” but they changed it uh, for obvious reasons.26 Baked beans aren’t baked, just stewed.27 Sunsets on Mars are blue.28 In 1998, over 50% of Iceland believed in elves.29 Dogs are banned from Antarctica. (In 1994, concerns that they may spread disease to seals formed.)30 If you made a $1 a second, it would take over 2,921 years to be worth what Bill Gates is.31 The brain is 60% fat, making it the fattiest organ.32 Humans cannot breathe and swallow that the same time.33 It’s impossible to hum while closing your nose. (This seems to be controversial in the comments.)34 Coconuts kill more people yearly than sharks.35 The word “swims” upside down is still “swims”.36 The unicorn is the national animal of Scotland.37 Mammoths went extinct just 1,000 years before the pyramids were built.38 If you stick your finger in your ear, and scratch it, it sounds just like PacMan.(Sorry this was a “boring” fact.)39 When you drink water, there is almost a 100% chance those molecules passed through dinosaurs.40 Goats have developed accents based off regions, just like humans.41 It rains diamonds on Saturn and Jupiter.42 Charles Darwin and Abraham Lincoln were born on the same exact day.43 Every odd number has an “e” in it.44 The body has 10x more bacteria than actual body cells.45 The modern day Ti-83 calculator has 6 times the processing power of the Apollo 11.46 An average tomato has 7,000 more genes than humans.47 Giraffes have the same amount of neck bones as mice (and most mammals).48 The Sun’s invisible atmosphere exists far past Earth, so in a sense… we exist in the sun.49 Pictures taken of distant galaxies are actually around 100 million years old, making us literally “looking into the past”.50 If you removed all the empty space between atoms in all living people, the volume would be about the size of a sugar cube.Okay, those are 50 unbelievable facts that sound false, but are actually true!AND NEVER ......Don’t advertise your happy marriage on social media. You could attract the wrath of a jealous ex-turned-villain.Don’t post your private family photos all over the internet. Someone could use them to ruin the lives of your loved ones.Don’t discuss your private matters on social media. You don’t know who is reading or listening.Don’t befriend everybody who requests to be friends with you on social media. Cyber-stalkers have ruined privacy and the reputation of the internet.Don’t store your passwords or security credentials online. The database could be hacked.Don’t fall in love with anyone on social media. They could easily be predators prowling on you.Don’t advertise your pregnancy on social media. A deranged lunatic could do the unthinkable and trigger a miscarriage.Don’t advertise your kids' achievements on social media. Malicious people could ruin their lives.Don’t advertise your expensive buys on social media. You could attract thieves or even robbers.Never share any compromising photos on social media. They’ll definitely be shared all over the internet.UNDERSTAND THIS ABOUT LIFE…Not everyone is going to be happy for you.Most of the “nice” comments you get on social media are fake.You are just attracting the evil eye on you and your family.There are people who just hate you for no apparent reason.People are not what they seem like. The internet has been infiltrated by cyber-stalkers who could be your ex or your next-door neighbor.Up to 50% of social media accounts could be fake according to some statistics.You are just attracting jealous people into your life every day you look attractive.You don’t know who is saving your pictures and checking your updates.Social media is sometimes the devil’s eye, ears, and mouth.The more you expose yourself publicly online, the more you are treading on dangerous grounds since this could attract evil people who could ruin your life, family, marriage, and career.And finally Esoteric self-Defence in the World..........People may attack you without even knowing why, just as you too may fail to understand why you are attacking them.This is because humans are often the unconscious instruments of dark forces that have seized hold of them.To protect ourselves from humans, we must first learn to protect ourselves from the evil spirits that come to inhabit them, for behind every physical enemy, some dark spirit of a kind is always at work.The battles we must wage to defend ourselves are therefore of a very subtle nature.We must personally leave enemies alone, without seeking to harm them, rather only training ourselves internally, strengthening ourselves, cultivating qualities of purity, kindness and patience, so as to attract the help of the the Lords Angels .Upon their arrival, they will drive out the dark entities that use our enemies to harm us, and they will settle in their place. Then, one day, the very people who acted as adversaries will behave like friends. »And you shall be free from Danger ! Love is the best self defence! ...........BDAnd finally what is being genuine ?Being genuine is highly respected in many parts of the Orient but not frequently mentioned in the West.Being genuine means that you have developed the maturity to not be posturing or acting for effect, but sincerely, honestly, as the moment needs. AND -This is your one way ticket to Heavenfrom_________God!YOU MUST DO GOODYOU MUST BE GOODYOU MUST THINK GOODYOU MUST ACT GOODAND LOVE ALLAND SERVE ALLAND LOVE EVERHURT NEVER !NO GOD = NO PEACEKNOW GOD = KNOW PEACE!Steel is tested in fireSoldiers are tested in combatSaints and Spiritual Aspirants are tested in trials!You are tested by life for Eternal life-so be brave and strong and courageous-And secure for yourself in Paradise ......JOY INDESCRIBABLE!PEACE UNTELLABLE!BLISS UNSPEAKABLE!🎄UNITY IS DIVINITY 🎄🎄PURITY IS ENLIGHTENMENT 🎄Remember that the measure of your prayer should be until your tears come...................ANDABOVE ALL REMEMBER GOD AND LET LOVE RULE Your LIFE ALWAYS!Now you are ready to face the World as a Spiritual Aspirant as well as Worldly-Wise 👍. GOOD LUCK !

EARLY WARNING FROM SUBMARINESthe experience of the Royal Navy in Falklands 1982HMS Valiant and HMS Penelope, July 7, 1982, within the Total Exclusion Zone (MoD)By Mariano Sciaroni posted inMagazine of the Naval War School, October 2012.Lhe British nuclear submarines deployed in the South Atlantic during the Malvinas conflict received, at the end of May, the unusual order to move towards waters near the continent, in order to serve as an early warning of Argentine air incursions.This was not a usual mission for him. Royal Navy Submarine Service, especially taking into account that it was thought that the conflicts where the British Navy would fight would take place in the North Atlantic, for which it would have the support of the United States and the Royal Air Force that would alert the fleet well in advance of enemy air raids.During the South Atlantic conflict, however, the lack of other early warning platforms meant that British nuclear submarines had to take on this unusual role, not devoid of risks, operating so close to the continent and in shallow waters.Masts out, observing with the periscope and recording emissions with their electronic warfare equipment, the affected submarines issued alerts to the fleet, which then had precious minutes to move their interceptors towards the axis of the threat, as well as to put on guard to their ships. This essay introduces little-known aspects of these operations, which not only have historical value, but also lead us to reflect on the flexibility of the modern submarine weapon.The sinking of the destroyer HMS Sheffield by Naval Aviation, on May 4, 1982 exposed, among other things, the evident lack of early warning suffered by the British Task Force in the South Atlantic. It would have been different to have some of the old but effective Fairey Gannet AEW.3 (29), but this would have required an aircraft carrier with catapults and angled deck. And the last of that dynasty in the Royal Navy, HMS Ark Royal, had been decommissioned in 1979.A Fairey Gannet AEW of the 849 Squadron Fleet Air Arm, in exercises in 1988. This specimen, the XL502, was the last unit in service (US Defense Imagery, VIRIN photo: DF-ST-89-00308)Light aircraft carriers, such as the Invincible or the Hermes (both sailing in waters close to the Falklands), it was thought they would operate primarily as anti-submarine platforms, hunting down Soviet submarines under a NATO anti-aircraft umbrella.But, in this war, they should (with their Embarked Air Group), achieve air superiority, with the nearest air base (RAF Wideawake, on Ascension Island) being 6,000 km away. A tall order for the few Sea Harriers of the 800 and 801 Naval Air Squadrons.For this reason, it is necessary to have as early as possible information about the presence and situation of Argentine aircraft. These data would allow the interceptors to be positioned in front of the fighter-bombers, as well as giving the ships enough time to enlist against the enemy.With these shortcomings in mind, Admiral Woodward's General Staff, on HMS Hermes, began outlining a plan to use the British submarines as a forward picket line (30). These missions, however, were conditional on the submarines not being engaged in their specific tasks of denying the sea to the adversary. And, on that May 4, it was exactly what they were doing: the HMSSpartan and the HMS Splendid trying to find the Argentine aircraft carrier, and the HMS Conqueror operating in the south of the islands, "controlling" in some way the rescue operation of the ARA castaways General Belgrano (which he had sunk two days before) (31).IIMeanwhile, Task Force 317.8 had to be content with two other remedies (32). The first, to advance radar picket ships towards the threat axis, something that the sameSheffield proved it was a dangerous idea. And let the experience of your HMS twinsGlasgow (damaged May 12) and HMS Coventry (sunk on May 25) was in charge of corroborating. The second of the palliative was given by the two long-range radars operating from Chile.One of them, a Thomson-CSF of the Chilean Air Force (FACH) from a hill near Punta Arenas (33) swept, with its range of 200 miles, the bases of Río Grande and Río Gallegos. The other was a British radar (34), which belonged to the 1st Air Control Center of the Royal Air Force (RAF) and had secretly arrived in Chile (in an RAF C-130 Hercules with “Air Force” insignia). of Chile (35) at the beginning of May, after signing a memorandum with General Matthei himself (Commander in Chief of the FACH). (36) He operated from Balmaceda and controlled the air traffic of Comodoro Rivadavia. But the Chilean radars ( or not so Chilean) did not give an accurate vision of the air situation, as well as were subject to the technical problems of operating in an adverse climate. (37)Marconi S259 radar in Falklands, year 1983 (John Dell)Therefore, Woodward's staff (the same submariner) continued to insist to Vice Admiral Sir Peter Herbert (in command of Task Force 324), about the need to reposition the submarines for early warning.IIIOperation Sutton (the amphibious landing at San Carlos, which took place on May 21) caused the British submarines, which now had to be joined by HMS Valiant, will reposition themselves to face an eventual breakdown of the Argentine Navy towards the ships clinging to the beachhead.Thus, the HMS Splendid set out to patrol between Río Grande and Río Gallegos and HMS Spartan between Puerto Deseado and Bahía Camarones. The HMSConqueror Y Valiant They would serve as a second line of defense, the first north of the Malvinas and the second within the original total exclusion zone, both ready to tackle any ship coming from Puerto Belgrano.For some reason, the British considered this FLOMAR movement as imminent on several occasions, even though, history says (for various reasons), it never occurred.By the end of that month, the beachhead was secured, so the anti-ship surveillance of the Royal Navy submarines was relaxed. In addition, the warships and logistics ships had received a great punishment in the "Callejón de las Bombas", by the Naval Aviation and the Argentine Air Force (which spoke that the existing air early warning system was not entirely satisfactory). In these new circumstances, the plan outlined in early May was beginning to be feasible. And its implementation is necessary. The chips were again moved on the board. Between June 4 and 7 (particular circumstances through) they had already reorganized.IVThe task of alerting, from a submarine, regarding air movements, was not entirely new for the submarines affected by Operation Corporate. Since the beginning of the campaign, the submarines had reported the presence of aircraft to their headquarters in Northwood (near London), via a satellite channel provided by the US Navy38. That information was relayed to the fleet, but it was not considered vital, nor was its obtaining an essential task from the submarine.However, the new plan indicated that this should become their main task: the submarines would operate in front of the main Argentine air bases, at a distance between 20 and 60 nautical miles (39), and would prevent any air activity. The HMS Valiant occupied the position in front of Tierra del Fuego, liberating HMS Splendid, which was leaving the war zone due to insoluble problems in one of its Turbo Generators (which had started on May 5). The HMSSpartan took the area of ​​Comodoro Rivadavia and the HMS Courageous (new arrival), he did it with San Julián / Río Gallegos. The HMSConqueror It had a secondary participation as a picket, and it can be said that it was only on June 11 that it took station in front of Puerto Deseado.It is good to note that they would not fulfill the radar picket function once thought for submarines like the USS Triton (SSRN-586) and its bulky AN / SPS-26 air search system40. It was not a good idea to broadcast so close to the coast (41).Its stealth data collection would be through observations through the periscope, listening to sonar planes in low flight and by the electronic warfare systems installed. In the latter case, theConqueror, the Courageous and the Valiant owned an old UA442 computer, while the Spartan it had the most modern UAB. In a hurry, the US Navy had ceded three s3000s (or Sandman system) to the British submarine force (43), but none of the nuclear in the theater denounced it as installed (44).The data obtained would now be sent directly to the HMS Hermes, to be distributed in the fleet.VTo the Valiant do Due to his position, he had the greatest responsibility, which was to alert about the takeoffs of the Super Etendard and their Exocet. Somehow, this submarine was supplying what the frustrated Operation Mikado (the operation of special forces for the destruction of these planes and missiles, and the death of their pilots45) had not achieved: to neutralize the most lethal Argentine weapons system.Shortly after being on station, the submarine commander noted that the Argentine offensive operations were only daytime (even when there were 24-hour air patrols), so he made the decision to advance the submarine to 20 miles or less from the coast. during the day and retreat at night, in order to give some rest to its crew46. Tom Le Marchand, its commander, was somewhat lucky that his deputy was Nick Jones, an Australian in service in the Royal Navy who was qualified to lead a submarine unit. This enabled it to operate at full efficiency 24 hours a day 47.Taking into account that it was estimated that a plane departing from Rio Grande would be in around 30/40 minutes over its target in Malvinas, the satellite link was optimized, considering that in a time between 2 and 5 minutes after it was obtained, the information was being sent to HMS Hermes. Said data were the number and type of aircraft, heading, height and eventually speed if the detection was visual and limited to number and type if it corresponded to an electronic detection. This would motivate, some 400 miles from there, an "AIR ATTACK - YELLOW ALERT", by "enemies in the air". In the period from June 7 to 14 (with an exclusive mission in front of Rio Grande), HMS Valiant sent two hundred of these alerts.However, his most important message was not received. In effect, on the 8th, it warned about the takeoff of three Mirage-type aircraft heading towards Malvinas, but the information did not reach the ships in a timely manner48, neither in Bahía Agradable nor in San Carlos. Finally, these were the Dagger planes that attacked HMSPlymouth and that, in some way, they distracted the British Air Combat Patrol, which allowed the Nice Bay disaster by the A-4B Skyhawks of Group 5 of Fighter49.To make matters worse, that day 8 the Punta Arenas radar was out of service50. The early warning had not worked and there was, then, what was known as the “blackest day of the fleet”. Perhaps the failures of the alert system that day give a magnitude of the multiplication of forces that it granted to the Royal Navy.Coastal waters, it was at its limit: near an air base with two dozen aircraft testing its systems before launch it became useless. It served to know that something was in flight, but until we saw it, its classification was a riddle ". Powis was the officer in charge of navigation for HMS Conqueror.VIWhile the history of HMS Valiant It is the richest in aircraft contacts and reports (in all its patrol there were 338), the other submarines carried out similar tasks. Thus, the HMSSpartan (Commander James Taylor), for example, reported, among others, (on June 1) the presence of an AN / APS-59 radar (correctly classified as an Argentine C-130 Hercules) and, taking the alert, the frigate HMS Minerva, vectored a Sea Harrier on contact, which ended up being shot down (“TIZA” flight - with loss of all its crew members)The same can be said for the Courageous (Commander Rupert Best) and Conqueror (Commander Christopher Wreford-Brown), even though the latter combined (as stated) the picket tasks with those of anti-surface in the San Matías Gulf and Camarones Bay.HMS Conqueror in front, and behind HMS Antrim and HMS Plymouth, near South Georgia, on April 26, 1982 (MoD)In principle, it can be indicated that none of the submarines assumes that it was detected, neither by boats nor by air. However, it could be presumed that HMSCourageous was the contact sighted on June 4 by EMB-111 Bandeirante Patrulha (2-P-202), at the command of TN Fortini, 50 nautical miles at 090º from Río Gallegos, and the same could not be attacked due to the lack of weapons on the aircraft (51).Notwithstanding the fact that no submarine was expected to be found so close to the coast, all S-2E Tracker aircraft flights of the Naval Air Squadron Anti-Submarine, by order of their commander, departed with a Mk.44 torpedo in the bomb bay. But they could never be used.Paradoxically, some submarines were "bombed" by Air Force or Naval Aviation planes, which unloaded their bombs after aborted missions and to avoid landing with such a deadly cargo. As it is, the HMSValiant was “attacked” (52) by airplanes returning to San Julián (even though it is good to indicate51 This is half true, as the commander tried to attack the appendages"With the left main gear wheel and possibly the propeller included, because the main gear stud is very short on this plane"(See Fortini, Enrique. "Brazilian Aircraft in the South Atlantic Conflict." Naval Center Bulletin 832, January / April 2012; pp. 65-80). Contact was lost shortly before this unusual maneuver was achieved.(52) There were five explosions, the last one close enough that, according to its commander, "Shake the submarine (and its crew) considerably"(del Report ofthat this happened on May 23, when the submarine was not involved in picket duties) and the Spartan on the 28th of the same month (in this case the bombs did not fall so close), at the latitude of Comodoro Rivadavia (53).There is no evidence that these fortuitous bombardments caused any damage, even though the submarines declared constant problems in the MAE equipment (which could have been generated by its forced use) and, mainly in the HMS Valiant and HMS Conqueror, damage to its towed sonar arrangement, which was caused by having to travel at low speed (less than four knots) and in shallow water, causing it to repeatedly hit the bottom.At all events, it is interesting to note that the most modern class Swiftsure in the theater were the ones who had the most problems, having already said that the Splendid withdrew at the end of May, doing the same Spartan on June 8, also due to major mechanical problems.ARE YOU COMINGBy the end of hostilities, on June 14, all British submarines withdrew from their picket posts, except for the Valiant, who remained on patrol for a few more days off the Rio Grande54.While British forces still considered an early warning necessary, radars were quickly installed on the ground in the Falkland Islands. Likewise, two Sea King helicopters with Searchwater55 radar were enlisted (calling the new Sea King HAS.2 AEW apparatus), and in August 1982 (a record time, since the program was conceived in 11 weeks56) they were already operating from HMSIllustrious, which relieved HMS Invincible in the South Atlantic.Sea King AEW.2A, in 1988, operating from USS George Washington (US DefenseImagery, VIRIN photo: DN-SD-00-03284)Beyond that, improvisation in the use of nuclear submarines as a forward picket line had served to give the fleet sufficient early warning, optimizing the positioning of the few interceptors embarked on a relatively large theater.This submarine capability continues to this day, and must be taken into account for future scenario planning, especially when taking into account improvements in electronic warfare and signal interception systems. A nuclear submarine, at least this story affirms, if it can operate in shallow waters and British commanders are generally not averse to taking risks: assuming that, according to doctrine, a submarine will not operate in less than 120 meters (or the depth that is established), is to leave considerable free space for an intruder who, at some point, will extend appendices and report on the existing air situation.In a way, the submarine not only denies the sea, but also helps control the air.Bibliography• Lane-Nott, Roger (HMS Splendid) Report of Proceedings.• Taylor, James (HMS Spartan) Report of Proceedings.• Wreford-Brown, Christopher (HMS Conqueror) Report of Proceedings.• Le Marchand, Thomas (HMS Valiant) Report of Proceedings.• Arancibia Clavel, Patricia; De la Maza Cave, Isabel.Matthei, my testimony. Santiago de Chile. Editorial Random House Mondadori. 2003.• Freedman, Lawrence. The official history of the Falklands campaign. London. Routledge. 2005.• Friedman, Norman.The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapons systems 1997/98.Annapolis. Naval Institute Press. 1998.• West, Nigel.Historical Dictionary of Naval Intelligence (Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence). Plymouth. Scarecrow Press. 201029 The early warning version of the Fairey Gannet anti-submarine aircraft, with an AN / APS-20F team and two radar operators.30 West, Nigel.Historical Dictionary of Naval Intelligence (Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence).Plymouth. Scarecrow Press. 2010; p. 37.31 A substantial part of the source of this article is the “Report of Proceedings” (War Diary) of the submarines HMS Conqueror, HMS Valiant, HMS Spartan and HMS Splendid, obtained by the author directly from the Royal Navy for requests for access to public information from 2009 to 2012. Copies of the same were deposited in the Royal Navy Submarine Museum, Gosport (United Kingdom), for the purpose of being freely consulted. As they are not published, they were not cited throughout the text, but it should be understood that each time information is mentioned that should have been recorded by one of these submarines, it was obtained from these documents.32 The interception of communications from Chile or the British fleet, the presence of informants (commandos or simply spies) near air bases and other more or less sophisticated means of collecting information could also be considered as an aid for early warning. However, we have focused on the two most important ones, based precisely on the use of radar.33 Arancibia carnation, Patricia; De la Maza Cave, Isabel."Matthei, my testimony". Santiago de Chile. Editorial Random House Mondadori. 2003; p. 354.34 The radar model is not clear, even though some sources mention that it was a Marconi S259, see Home35 Arancibia clavel et al, op cit; p. 358.16 April36 Freedman, Lawrence. “The official history of the Falklands campaign”. London.Routledge. 2005; Volume II, p. 394.37 Arancibia clavel et al, op cit; p. 359.38 West, op cit; p. 6439 Evans, Michael. “Underwater and Undercover: How nuclear subs were first line of Falklands defense”. En The Times, November 27, 2007, mentions (citing a post by Admiral Tim McClement) that the submarines operated at 12 nautical miles. This statement is contradicted by what emerges from the war diaries of these ships, without prejudice to the fact that on some specific occasion they came as close (or closer) to the coast.40 For more information on this curious submarine, see: Articles, Stories, and Informationsubmarine / 586triton.htm. It is interesting to note that in March 1960 it was operating in the South Atlantic and was planning to carry out a photographic reconnaissance of Port Stanley (from 1982, Puerto Argentino). By that date, the Argentine Navy was fighting a submarine (or two) in the GulfNew ...41 Nor were the Type 1006 surface search radars (which equipped submarines in the theater) were quite up to the task, that is to say.42 Powis, Jonathan. “Falklands memories”, en The Submarine Review. Virginia. January 2008; p. 68 describes the system as"antediluvian" Y“Barely capable of sustained operations, it was a thing full of valves and cathode ray tubes. It heated up like a '50s television, but it wasn't half as easy to use. More than 4 or 5 radars in a band and it was saturated. InCoastal waters, it was at its limit: near an air base with two dozen aircraft testing its systems before launch it became useless. It served to know that something was in flight, but until we saw it, its classification was a riddle ". Powis was the officer in charge of navigation for HMS Conqueror.43 Friedman, Norman. The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapons systems 1997/98. Annapolis. Naval Institute Press. 1998; P. 525.44 Friedman, op cit, indicates that it is, but that information does not emerge from the logs. Possibly it was on HMS Onyx and other Swiftsure-class submarines that did not operate in the south.45 Muñoz, Jorge.Attack Rio Grande.Buenos Aires. Naval Publications Institute. 2005, gives a good perspective on this frustrated British operation.46 Even though the commander of HMS Valiant does not mention it, it is noteworthy that the commander of HMS Spartan cited bioluminescence in the area as a problem.47 West, op cit; p. 64.48 West, op cit; p. 39. Freedman (op cit; p 605) mentions that the information was received, but it was misinterpreted. At the end of the day, it turns out just a detail.49 in http://www.faa.mil.ar/conflicto/dias/jun08a.htmlthere is a good version of the events of June 8. The “Mirage” sighted would be the “Dog” or “Cat” Squad.50 In a speech in defense of General Augusto Pinochet, delivered on October 9, 1999, former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher noted that:“During the war, the Chilean Air Force was commanded by the father of Senator Evelyn Matthei, who is here this afternoon with us. He delivered timely alerts of imminent Argentine air strikes that allowed the British fleet to take defensive action. The value of that intelligence aid was proven when it was lacking. One day, near the end of the conflict, the Chilean long-range radar had to be disconnected due to maintenance problems. That same day - June 8, a date kept in my heart - Argentine planes destroyed our ships Sir Galahad and Sir Tristram. "The full speech inhttp://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/10838353 Evans, op cit, says (again quoting McClement) that all submarines in the performance of these tasks were "bombed."54 El Valiant tuvo un interesante incidente el 29 de junio con los destructores ARA Bouchard y ARA Piedra Buena y, considerándose detectado, se retiró 60 millas mar adentro,55 Friedman, op cit; p. 202.56 En Home se da un excelente panorama sobre el tópico.no