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The list is not exhaustive but I believed you can pick an interest in one or two of the businesses listedCONSULTANCY SERVICES: - This is the foremost of the small businesses one could ever think of; one can basically consult on almost anything and everything. Just think of any special skill in your possession and pronto, you can make a reasonable income from it. E.g. marriage counseling, business consult, legal consult, property consultancy, educational consulting, media consultant, etc. One do not have to possess any capital to start consulting, just some contacts on your phone, email addresses and referrals from family and friends, you are good to go.RESTAURANT: - No matter how poor people may be, food still remains the number one basic necessities of life before clothing and shelter. If you can do it right, it’s one of the surest way to crossing the poverty line. If you are still in doubt, please visit Equal Right in Somolu, Amala Sonola in ogba Aguda, Ewa-Agonyin(Beans) palace in Unilag etc. With a capital between N10K – N50k, you should be making a residual income from it.FASHION AND TAILORING SERVICES: - From time immemorial fashion business has been dynamic and ever present. From Paris to New-York, Milan to Lagos, Beijing to Joburg, fashion statements defies national/ethnic boundaries. Different occasions demand special outfits, one can easily take advantage of the trend in fashion consciousness of the people to earn a decent living. You can start with as little as N30K-N100K.REAL ESTATE AGENCY: - By finding properties for prospective clients, you perform a valuable service to both owner of properties and prospective tenants. Advertise that you have listings available for houses, apartments, flats, rooms, offices, etc. You can either charge a one-time fee for finding accommodations or work on a commission. In this line of business, capital or professional qualification is not really required as a start-up, you can belong to groups in the real estate NICHE or get briefs from family and friends, just have the right information and you will always smile to the bank. In addition, you can also be a property manager to your clients and earn steady income from management fees.RENTAL BUSINESS: This has mushroomed into an attractive new business opportunity. People like to borrow, do-it-yourself rent professional equipment. Many people are doing well these days by acting as rental agents for all manner of things - power tools, trucks, cars, electric generators, etc. Just look around your environment and conduct a research on items that could be of rental value to your community. For example, if you live in an area where property development is just springing up, you can decide to venture into giving out building tools such as, wheel-barrow, head-pan, shovel, trowels, drums, ladders, scaffolding, sledge hammers, pick-up trucks, etc.LAUNDRY/IRONING SERVICE /CLOTHES CLEANING: Everyone has dirty clothes for laundry and ironing, but many working class and career individuals do not have the time to tend to their laundry themselves because of the busy schedule of work or business, this is where you would come in and make money by doing a professional laundry service, especially in areas where power supply is erratic. If your backyard/compound is spacious enough to accommodate washer-men and pressers who will do justice to the clothes, hire them and start making money, This business could just be for you if you have a knack for cleanliness and corporate cleaning services. With a capital between N20K – N100K this business could turn you to a millionaire over a period of time.HOUSE CLEANING SERVICE: Many home-owners and apartment dwellers will welcome help at "house cleaning'. Charge a flat fee for the amount of work that must be done. Make arrangements with firms that provide labour for tidying up office environment , cleaning carpets, dusting the furnitures, polishing, etc. and collect a commission from them. Tell your friends and family who are moving to a new house or changing offices, with the help of fliers or handbills you could reach out to a large audience.MAKE AND SELL CUSTOMIZED JEWELLERIES AND BEADS: Homemade costume jewellery sells, sell directly to jewellery outlets, gift shops, hairdressers shops, clothes boutiques, and by selling on e-commerce shops such as Jumia, Konga, Payporte, OLX, Facebook Shopify, Gtbank smemarkethub, etc. It is possible to start with limited capital of N5K- N20k.GAME CENTERS: The game center concept is good, both for those who have jobs and those who want full time involvement. A game center is a place where people mostly young come to play computer basic games like play station, Nintendo, Atari, etc. You can also provide space for refreshments like ice cream, snacks, soft drinks etc. Gaming centers charge customers who come to their outlet between N100.00 – N500.00 depending on the area, and the type of customers you are dealing with. If you start small, you can make between N5k – N20k per day. There is a classical game center at Mende by Maryland, it is built with a portal cabin and looks beautiful as well. You can as well provide a MOBILE GAME cabin for birthdays and get-together parties, this arrangement can fetch you good money if you get high-end clients in areas such Ikoyi,V.I, Lekki, Ikeja G.R.A, etc.FISH FARMING: If you have been contemplating on a small business and haven’t heard about fish farming, then you are missing something. Over the years, quite a few people have made fortunes from fish farming; as the population is swelling and protein needs are far outstripping the available supply, fish meal is always a winner if done well. Fish farming is a sure bet business if you put the right structures in place. More and more people like fish due to its low cholesterol protein, All you need do is to get a space, buy or construct tanks, buy finger lings for between N10 to N20 and feed them for 4 to 6 months, then sell from between N1500 to N2000 depending on weight and size. But you need to have a basic knowledge of fish farming to start this.WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT: Experience, training or licensing may be needed. Many courses exist (many of which, logically, are offered online) where you can learn the language of website creation and can learn about the details, like how to set up shopping cart systems, security concerns, etc. But lately we have seen ready tools on some hosting site like Godaddy, Bluehost, Wordpress, ipage, simplesite and so on; many of these hosting sites have ready tools for even the newbie in web design. You will, of course, need to learn about each company you want to design for. What is the atmosphere of the company that you need to reflect in the website design--is it wild and contemporary, meaning brilliant colors and fun graphics? Or will more classic colors like black, navy blue and maroon be more appropriate? Many small businesses in Nigeria does not have a web presence, even the bigger corporations only possess a web banner or billboard, you can propose an interactive website to small businesses at a cheaper rate of say N10k or more and start building your client lists from there. This business requires little or no capital to start.DAY CARE: If you are the type that naturally loves kids around, this is an opportunity for you to tap into. Perhaps you have children of your own and the idea of taking care of a few more for part of the day appeals to you. Child-care needs continue to soar in this part of the world as the task of professional career seems to be more demanding. Many people prefer the option of their child being cared for in a home environment while they are at work, opposed to a more institutional-like setting. These things mean that a home based childcare business can get off and running immediately. If you are living in at least a 3bedroom apartment and there is an extra room unoccupied, please don’t let rat and cockroach take advantage of the extra rooms in your house, talk to friends in the neighborhood who might need such services, with a simple handbills and short message advert it will surely pay to have kids around.GIFT BASKET/PACKAGING SERVICE: Finding a niche is the best way to start out in the gift basket business. If you had flare for gifts and souvenirs why don’t you look for clients who you could put together baskets that hold the things that people with this interest would like too! You can create a product that a gift basket could be built around, I saw a fruit basket designed by First Bank Plc presented to a customer at Alausa secretariat Ikeja Lagos, it was a piece of creativity as everybody was taking snapshot of it. With a capital of N50k-N100k, you can start this business. Marketing your gift basket service is not an arduous task, just talk to friends, families, congregational friends and colleagues, and if you have a little budget for advert and proposal it’s all well and good for publicity.BEAUTY SALON/HAIRSTYLIST: Hairstyling is a popular business that can be quite lucrative. Generally, with the trend in fashion statements nowadays, hairstylists are usually busy. If you already have your apprenticeship training and experience, and loads of friends especially ladies under your belt, you probably have prospects that will follow you right home without any hesitation. You can have a unisex salon under one roof, get some boys and girls from cotonou, they are very good in weaving and braids, place them on salary or commission and your life will not remain the same!MUSIC LESSONS: Some people are naturally gifted in music and sound instruments, either as a result of being in the choir, or family background or personal interest in music and sound could be an inspiration. You want to stick to the instrument(s) you know, but you may be skilled enough a musician to offer lessons on different instruments, or those in a particular class, e.g., stringed or woodwind. You can decide to take on individuals or classes, depending on space and availability of instruments. Public/private schools are continually reducing their commitment to art and music classes for students, so you can try to work with the public school system to supplement their efforts in those areas. I have a friend, Adeshina, he has been taking advantage of his deep knowledge of the musical instruments to make extra income way back school days, even as a comfortable person today, he still plays organ for his church AVM in GRA and private personalities when occasion demands. Here, your hidden talent could be your buried treasure.PHOTOGRAPHER: Previous experience and formal training may not be needed to venture into this line of business as there are ready tools available in the market to perform different operations such as editing, printing, framing, styling, Photoshop software, etc. Making money as a photographer can be done in a number of different ways. You can specialize in one area, the most common being weddings and social functions. All you require is a professional camera, a mobile printing device and your call cards, visit any social function dressed as corporate as possible so as not to be bounced by the security guys, take one or two snapshot of guests most especially ladies, quickly find a safe place to plug your printer and extra batteries for charging, before the show wound up, look for people you have snapped and give to them at N100 or more, you can make as much as N20K-N50K at a particular event. There are other niches you can explore for photography: portraits of people and their pets, families and homes; photographs of holiday events, birthday parties or model photo shoots, film makers, students, religious gatherings, etc. The possibilities are endless and the capital to invest is not a cut-throat.WEDDING PLANNER: Before I got married I visited a wedding planner shop on Aromire street Ikeja and I was impressed at how much people pay for the services of a wedding planner, anyway I didn’t make use of their service but I learn one or two thing from them which helped in making my wedding event a success. However, the rich and busy type of people in the society doesn’t really have all the time going to the market to shop for this and that, they prefer to give the service to a wedding planner. You will need to be up-to-date on wedding trends and fads, dress styles, color trends--almost everything under the sun! Offer your customers an ala carte menu of services, from helping pick flowers, the wedding gown and bridesmaid dresses to picking the venue and hiring the caterer. Before you open your business, shop at all the wedding shops, and even pretend you are a bride-to-be to see what kind of service the wedding gown shop provides and how they treat potential customers. You need to know every detail of the business to give the accurate impression that you are the go-to person for anyone planning a wedding. For you to succeed in this line of business, I advise you to just do one perfect wedding job and others will keep coming like a virus.COMPUTER TRAINING: If you have a basic knowledge in computer training and applications you are on your way to becoming a teacher to many people. It will amaze you to know that only about 20% of Nigerian population is actually computer literate. My brother once offered to train people for free on Sundays after lecture at NASFAT in Ipaja Lagos; he confessed that there was a large turnout, even the working class people attended. You can offer training in desktop computers and mini computers such as laptops, palmtops, I-pad and tablets. You could probably make a living helping seniors learn how to use the internet and e-mail to keep in touch with their loved ones, send applications, online exams/TEST, etc. Make the training as much fun as possible; people do not want to know all the details about what makes a computer work. If you overload them with information from the beginning by explaining bits, bytes, and megapixels, they will stick to their paper and pencil forever. You can start this venture with fairly used computers which you will find scattered all over Computer village in Ikeja Lagos. Talk to people in your neighborhood by printing an advert for a free computer lesson, get their database and give those basic trainings afterward and introduce more complex ones.ELECTRIC FENCE WIRE INSTALLATIONS: Fences are everywhere and they also add beauty to the structures and buildings in the society. The quest to protect from external invasion, burglary, theft and encroachment has necessitated the need for a more technical way of protection. The electric fence wire is really the vogue now, and the training is not hard to comprehend. Just undergo the training first and the materials for executing your job abound everywhere with installation guide and manuals. The start-up cost is basically the training fee and tools like cutting tools, hand gloves, measuring tapes, plum, etc.GRAPHIC DESIGN: One major landmark about the computer is, you could probably become a professional in any field by accident. Graphic design is one of the “Experts by Accident” job am talking about. At least with the little time I have spent on the computer in the last 2 years, I can create a simple design for anything I want to do. Despite the proliferation of the internet, print media is still relevant to the foreseeable future! Fliers, newsletters, magazines, information sheets, letters and advertisements are just a few of the type of print media that business outfit hires Graphic Artist to create for them. Websites and online advertising need graphic design services as well. Even if your expertise is only in design, offer the works for potential clients, friends, and small businesses. So many softwares abound in the market to help you through. I know of a guy who designed my wedding invitation cards, his business name is KUKUGRAFIX, as a student, he does good graphic jobs using just his laptop and pay-as-you-go internet connection.INTERIOR DECORATION: Market your talents to building contractors. People purchasing new homes can often be overwhelmed with the choices and possibilities in home decoration. Design some questionnaires for each major element and each major room in the house. Find out how the homeowner will use the home--are there children? Pets? How will each room be used? Suggest color separations for the painting of the rooms, try and explore the use of wallpapers in room areas where traffic is high. Get hold of catalogs showing architectural masterpiece, develop an interior model that suits your clients' budget, give them options and freedom to express their views on what you intend to do. Referral will definitely come your way if you get it right. This business does not really requires much capital, with a good marketing skill and creativity you will succeed.RECHARGE CARD PRINTING: If you have not heard of recharge card business before, perhaps you are still living in the cave of KUVUKI land. A recent study shows that the average monthly money spent on voice and data in Nigeria amounts to N445Billion. Even the GSM companies attest to the fact that Nigeria is a Goldmine when it comes to Telecoms business. You can actually start with capital as low as N10k and make a profit of N2k if you do your networking well. There are 3 categories of recharge card business anyway, you could either be a Retailer, wholesaler or Dealer. Whichever category you chose, it’s a good venture because as long as people still keeps subscribing and making phone calls you will never be out of business, also it is not a seasonal business.BUSINESS PLAN SERVICES: Just this month alone I have received an Offer to develop a business plan for five clients in the areas of NYLON BUSINESS, ICE BLOCK MAKING, CAR WASH BUSINESS; EVENT CENTER and TRAVELS AND TOUR PACKAGES. At least, I receive an incentive of N100K alone on the NYLON BUSINESS PLAN. Choose an area of business you have expertise on, include a market research on it, and write the business plan narrative and the financial statements. Plan your fee around the main one which the client will want, and offer the others as add-on services. You can give clients an electronic file and allow them to take it from there, or you can keep the business plan on file and offer the service of fine-tuning it whenever necessary. Have business plan samples to show clients--and make sure to include your own!.You can also start with little or no capital as Google is always your friend on research.A CYBER CAFE/BUSINESS CENTER: Prior to the era of deregulating the telecommunication sector, the cybercafé cafe or business centers used to be the only place ordinary people could visit to carry out some task such as checking/sending emails, Fax, Internet calls(VOIP),Typing of documents, scanning, binding, graphic works, etc. But now, most of these tasks could be done in the comfort of your house, however, due to the economic growth and the competitive nature of modern day business the Cybercafé/business center had refused to go into oblivion. The fact remains that in a business center outfit, you could basically perform all I.T related functions at a glance and with precision. Therefore, it is not going to be a wild goose chase venturing into this line of business as it can be undertaken by anyone. I have a complete business plan for anyone who wishes to go into this line of business. You can start with as little as N200K-N500K.FOOTBALL VIEWING CENTER: In the contemporary African setting, having a satellite dish system at home used to be a luxury but with the emergence of DSTV, GOTV, STARTIMES, MYTV and other free-to air satellite stations, watching foreign Television programs has never eluded the Nigerian viewers again. Soccer being a unifying sport has created an avenue for prospect in viewing centers, people love to watch football where they could shout, argue and make fun or jests of other club supporters. Although it is not an everyday business but the weekly income from viewing center could take care of the basic necessities required in the family, all you need is space that can accommodate up to 50 viewers, get a DSTV Dish and decoder, set of TVs and speaker unit for public attention. You can add refreshments such as biscuits, gala, soft drinks to balance the equation. You can start with as low as N200K-N500K capital.SECOND HAND MATERIALS : Second-hand materials either from abroad or locally sourced can often be bought cheaply at private sale, from markets and side-street secondhand market like GATA NKOWA in Abule-Egba Lagos, Lawanson, Computer Village, Vespa market, Alaba Market, ASPAMDA, etc. and through classified advertisements in E-commerce website such as OLX, TRADESTABLE, NAIRALAND, etc. The goods/items can be displayed on free advert platforms, it could also be displayed in a Vehicle whether stationary or moving-across-town, the goods usually comes with lower price value compared to brand new ones. You can start this business with a little capital such as N10,000 or less.PROOFREADING: A lot of publishing houses, independent writers seek the service of proof readers; some of them will prefer the service of part-time proofreaders since they cannot afford to pay the monthly salary of full-time proof readers. Make sure you have lists of script-writers, Article writers, story-book writers for children in your database, and get in touch with publishing houses; it is important that you advertise your service in a local newspaper, on social media, in an electronic medium, etc. All you need to get started is your skill in proofreading scripts.A SMALL POULTRY: Poultry is a business you can start from your backyard with 50 to 500 bird, which cost between N10, 000, to N100,000 depending on cash at hand, these amounts include cost of bird, the pen, feed and medication, Get somebody who is experienced to help you set up the pen. You can source woods directly from sawmill to lower the cost. Waste management in poultry is very vital, if not properly handled it will affect the growth, production, and bird performance whatever aspect of poultry you intend to go into is profitable. A single bird can give you an average of 730 eggs within 2years before you sell it off for say N500 or N600. Target your harvest towards the festive periods such as Easter, EID-il-Kabir, Eid-il-Fitri, and Christmas and New Year celebrations.CANDLE STICKS PRODUCTION: With erratic power supply in the country, there is no doubt that production of candlestick is a money-spinner. A sizable group of Nigerians still relies solely on candle sticks to battle the erratic power supply. With N10, 000 you can have a candle mold, which produces 16 candle sticks at a time and go about 50 times a day translating into 800 per day. This is a situation when you are starting with N20, 000-25,000, to produce the 16 pieces does not take you more than 10 minutes; throw in another wax, which you must have melted. While the previous one congeals and go on and on. So instead of starting with N100,000 - N200, 000, you can actually start with N25, 000.The startup requirements are mold, which cost N10,000, wax N1,000, Thread N1,000, heart source N600, Packaging Nylons N1,500, Ceiling Machine N2,000 and logistics.SNAIL FARMING: Snail meat has been generally affirmed as a very safe and nutritious delicacy. In these days of increased coronary implications and other health issues, snail –producers are certain to hit it big because many people are shunning away from beef or red meat. It is also pleasing to note that snail production venture could be kick-started with a little initial capital of N15,000K. The best period to commence snail rearing is the raining season however if you have access to borehole or nearness to swampy environment, snail can be reared anytime of the year. You can get these snails from the market throughout the country, or from snail farmers. Snails prices depends on the sizes, the bigger ones are sold for between N1, 500-N3, 500 per bunch. It is better to buy the big ones because they can hatch after about 35- 45 days. About N15, 000 should get a new entrant started in the businesses. Visit Hotels, eateries, bukkateria, corporate offices, schools, catering schools, Government offices, etc and advertise your produce through pamphlets,handbills,fliers,etc.ESATE MANAGER: Owners of apartments and houses are most often willing to pay 5% of the rent as commission to agent who will collect monthly rents, place income in the bank, superintend maintenance and show people over vacant flats. Some people make good income from this arrangement, managing several blocks of serviced apartments/flats in private and commercial areas such as Ikoyi, Lekki, Victoria-Island, Ikeja GRA, Abuja, Port-Harcourt, Lagos-Island,etc. You can leverage on referrals, family and friends who have properties but doesn't have the time managing the estate themselves. You also do not need to have any capital to start this venture.PLANTAIN CHIPS: Plantain chips are probably the fastest moving consumer goods in Nigeria after Bottle water and Sachet pure-water. After removing the skin/peels, the unripe or ripe plantain fruit can be sliced/diced (1 or 2 mm thick) and fried in oil to produce chips, packed in polythene and bagged for distribution. If the chips are made from sweeter fruits, they are cut vertically to create a variation know as plantain strips. Just make sure you put your label which will have your contact address, phone numbers, name of your venture. The more you produce the more money you make, because majority of Nigerians love plantain chips. This business can be kick-started with N10,000.START AN AQUARIUM BUSINESS: An aquarium business is a great backyard-based business idea. Two common directions taken by people here are fish breeding and aquarium maintenance services. An aquarium business is not just a skill-based business. It requires a decent investment in equipment because most people who want to buy an aquarium will want choices. You need to present to the client various options such as a small, round or rectangular aquarium that has a corner of a room or a small aquarium that can be fitted into the wall, and others. You can charge as much as N20, 000 to N100, 000. Pick an idea now, execute your plan, and earn money with a business you love. You can liaise with furniture showrooms, horticulturists, landscapers, Interior Decorators, Building contractors, etc about your service. With an initial set-up cost of N100,000K, you will never regret venturing into an Aquarium business.SPECIAL EVENTS/PARTY ORGANIZER: Pubs are more frequently offering entertainment these days, but the Owners don’t always have the time or inclination to organize it. So, your business idea is this. Find an attractive pub or event arena, and offer to organize a weekly party or live shows such as comedy, Talent hunt, Exhibitions, etc. The arrangement would be that you organize the show and charge admission/gate fee. The Owner of the outlet rents you the space/hall/ground/facilities for either a fee or for free, but he keeps all the profits from the extra food and drink sold. Once the agreement is made, the work is easy. Provide music, etc, perhaps by a good DJ. Promote the event as much as you have the capacity and have tickets sold. The facility owner would, no doubt, be happy with the extra takings. A friend of mine once packaged a VALENTINE GROOVE in Feb 2015 already, the facility owner agreed to give out his Hall out for free, my friend also arranged all upcoming artiste in the environ to come showcase their talents, different service provider like ASUN BERBEQUE,FISH BERBEQUE, SMALL CHOPS, SHAWARMA, POPCORN, ICE-CREAM Vendors volunteered to take part in the publicity for the show. It therefore means that my friend was able to organize this show with next to nothing in terms of capital. This event could be a regular show or seasonal, and it could also be a one-off at very little risk to see how it goes. It undoubtedly works because it is merely a way of sub-contracting something out to the mutual benefit of all stakeholders.CAMPUS/SCHOOL PHOTOGRAPHY: This is a good idea for anyone with an interest in photography, or someone who knows someone interested in photography. Quite simply, campus/school photographers are still very popular till date. As a part time business, you can offer to do it cheaper than the regular Professional photographers reason being that many students will want to keep memories of their campus activities. Contact schools, both private and Government owned in your area of proximity and put your proposition to the Directorate of Student Affairs. Once you registered with the School management with an intent to operate in the school, you will be required to pay some fees and complete an application form as an operator of such business in the school premises. Usually students enjoy as much as 50% discount as against what is obtainable outside campus. Through repeated sales and turnover, you can graduate to real professional photographer whereby you apply for bigger jobs outside. You can equally apply to private Crèche, Nursery, Primary and Secondary schools for an arrangement to be their school photographer once there is need for such. Luckily, if you have the knack for photography, this is a sure bet business, even without capital to invest in professional cameras you can rent or borrow.VIDEO COVERAGE SERVICE: Offering a video coverage for special occasions is a profitable venture. Many young brides lately want a living memento of their wedding-day. N100k-N250k can be realized for 1-6 hours work if you get packaging right. Get acquainted with the latest Video graphic programs and technologically-advanced ways of creating a 'movie like' video service. You can borrow a Camera for a fee of between N10K – N25K depending on how latest its technology is. Just start with family and friends at the initial stage of the business then gradually progress to the big market using your previous experience.TOY MAKING: The local toy industry is becoming keenly interested, gone were the days when 99% of toys are imported from overseas market, recent study has shown the strong initiative in developing local contents in toy productions, our local toys are also in high demand both locally and abroad, the humor in African folks and tricks favors this genre of technology, games, game boards, masks, educational toys, models, puppets and other types are fancifully created to serve as income earner. Visit the beach side, amusement parks, Stadium complex, Trade-Fairs, Swimming pool side, etc. and see many attractive toys produced locally. With little capital of about N20K you can venture into this business.GSM PHONE REPAIRS SERVICES: This is another highly profitable small business. Some I.T firms even offer to train people on GSM repairs for free. Also there are different software on how to repair, fix and troubleshoot any phone, your ability to handle simple working tools is all its needed to excel in this field of endeavor. As GSM is widely used in Nigeria with almost 100million GSM phone users across the country, so is the income potential is unlimited. Alternatively, GSM repairing course is offered by some professional engineers, why not enroll for the training and start making steady income daily.HOUSEHOLD ELECTRONIC REPAIRS SERVICE: Hardly would you come by a household in Nigeria which does not possess an electronic gadget. Electronic Items such as T.V, Radio, Electric cooker, Fan, blenders, microwave oven, mower, vacuum cleaner, etc abound everywhere. As a matter of fact, many of these items will develop a fault at one point or the other, if you are the type that always derive passion in repairing gadgets like these it is a good spare-time business as there are useful manuals on the subject or enroll for the training under a trained electrician.INSURANCE BROKERAGE AGENT/SELLING INSURANCE POLICIES: This is growing enormously and the future market is very great. Most insurance companies have training facilities for agents who are mostly paid on commissions. Men and Women act as sole proprietor, operating their own business in their own time, the opportunity to earn is limitless as long as the policy is still active and the premium is paid you will continually receive your commission as agent. Many Insurance firms are willing to put you through their working operations in order for you to succeed as the arrangement is a mutually benefiting one.

There seems to be no limits to the extent that people are willing to stand up for the guy.There is no accounting for human stupidity or ignorance https://www.facebook.com/NowThisPolitics/videos/464018517733024/Some people consider the right to shop and get a haircut more important than the right to breathe and think they have a perfect legitimate right to do these things because they are Americans.Is it karma or irony that John McDaniel, a vocal protester against the Governor of Ohio's shutdown orders, has recently died of COVID-19?Somehow carrying a semi automatic loaded weapon into the Michigan senate has something to with personal liberties and being able to leave the house during a pandemic.People will support him even though he blatantly acts against the interests of the people who vote for him.Americans seem to think they can ban imports from China but still be able to buy cheap Nikes or clothing at Walmart and somehow don’t see the connection between the two.Many people think its perfectly OK to impose their religious dogma on the rest of the country, even though it may be oppressive or discriminatory to minority groups.Now I know what it must feel like to belong to a massive personality cult.Many Americans will say he is the best President ever without actually being able to articulate why and back it up with solid numbers and facts.America is not a democracy but an oligarchy where the many are ruled by a few.Rather than a United States, the U.S is more like a collection of small independent countries run by governors who happen to be controlled by Washington. This pandemic has shown that states are largely autonomous in their power..As of June 2019, the top 10 percent held 69.4 percent of total U.S. net worth (that is the value of all assets a person holds minus all their liabilities)Americans are unaware that Mexicans didn’t steal your jobs, technology did and the majority of people are simply wage slaves working for the 1%. Companies move to Mexico because its cheaper to produce goods there or the jobs in the US have been replaced by machines.If a guy is rich enough and brags about how much money he has people will actually believe that hes a successful businessman despite seven bankruptcies and three wives.Trump can not even borrow money from a US bank but somehow he is in charge of the US Treasury and Central Bank. Go figure.America is the only country where you can lose an election but still become President.Farmers are having to throw out millions of gallons of milk and produce rots in the fields as they have no way of harvesting or getting the product to the market. People no longer have jobs, no money and cant buy anything at the store anyway.People whose sole means on making a living on tips from being paid $2 an hour are now unemployed and homeless, and most do not have health insurance.Millions of Americans believe Fox News is actually real news and not just entertainment.Americans believe that a gaudy rich real estate developer living in a gold palace in New York understands what its like to be poor and living paycheck to paycheck.You talk a great game about what a great country you are but cant seem to score enough PPEs and ventilators for everybody. Governors have to smuggle in supplies from Korea without the Federal government finding out.The country grinds to a halt as soon as people miss one paycheck.And yes, Fundamentalist Christians are the worlds biggest hypocrites.The health system is a joke.Trump has spent over 100 million dollars on his security detail to visit his Mar-a-Lago resort. That works out to about 250 times his annual salary.He has spent about 1 day in 4 playing golf while on the job. Or about the same as Obama did in 8 years as President.Probably the first time in history that some one who dodged the draft for Vietnam gets to make the commencement address at West point.Trump wants to build a wall to keep out immigrants even though 40% of illegals come in legally and overstay their visas. there is also such a thing as airplanes that immigrants use.Speaking of the wall, in Texas some parts of the border run through private property, and a wall would put some parts of United States on the Mexican side of the border. The government is trying to take peoples land off them by force to build the wall.Trump took credit for the wall that was mostly built by Obama. He was simply adding to it, maybe a few hundred miles out of a 2000 mile border.Trump said the new wall panels would be impossible to climb but video records show it being scaled in under 3 minutes.Trump said he would drain the swamp. All he has done is fill it with alligators.Steven Miller’s father or grandfather was a Hungarian Jew who came to America to escape the Nazis. if Miller had been around the time of his grandfather in WW2 he would likely have ended up in Auschwitz, not be allowed to enter the US and Miller not have been born.Ivanka Trump signed over 500 business patents for her company with the Chinese government while campaigning to buy American.Trump called Jeffrey Epstein a “ terrific guy”. Said Epstein liked his girls “really young”Trumps mother was an immigrant from Scotland and his grandfather ran a brothel in Oregon in the early part of the 20th century. Grandfather was kicked out of Germany for avoiding the draft.Trump pushed for the use of an anti malarial drug that actually increased the death rate and many people died from taking it.Trump received about $480 million from his father and probably would have made more money if he had just invested it in the stock market.Trump is estimated to have personally lost over a billion dollars in 10 years.Trump is reportedly known to cheat at golf.If you are a daughter-in law or girlfriend to the son of the President. You can get a $180,000 dollar a year paying gig without reporting it to Congress as a political donation.Stormy Daniels got 130,000 dollars from Trump. All we get is a fucking T-shirt.Its amazing what you can get people to lie about if you pay them enough or give them enough authority they are not qualified for.Jared Kushner failed his security clearance a dozen times, had multiple omissions and finally got clearance on Trumps say-so.No one, including White House staff, knows what Ivanka Trump does all day.To make money on his casinos Trump would have had to bring in close to a million dollars a day to break even. That was impossible and the casinos folded within 6 months.Trump actually wanted Marla to abort Tiffany (she was unplanned) and hoped she’d have nice breasts.Steve Muchnin the Secretary of the Treasury believes that its possible to make a $1200 subsidy check from the government last 10 weeks.This is the same guy who used a government tax-payer funded jet to go on his honeymoon.Best one I heard yet: “If we are going to have a dictator in America, i want it to be Donald Trump”.Donald Junior seems to have spent the best part of his adult life trying to gain his fathers respect and admiration while the Donald regards him as a bit of a failure and a disappointment. Going on safari shooting rhinos just made him look like a bit of an insensitive tone-deaf jerk.14 year old Barron Trump has a whole floor to himself in Trump Tower and favors wearing suits to copy his dad.Not commonly known but Trump wears platforms in his shoes to appear taller. Has bragged that he is 6′2″ but he is the same height as Barack Obama who is 6′1″.The states that scream most loudly about being anti-government and anti-Washington are largest beneficiaries of federal Aid, including Kentucky, the home state of Mitch McConnell and many are Republican.Jared Kushner’s sister-in-law was in China selling US visas to rich Chinese for $500,000 a pop until the government got wind of it.Jared Kushner’s father is a convicted felon who paid a prostitute to seduce his brother-in-law as payback for a bad business deal. He did 2 years in a federal penitentiary. The guy who put his father in prison was none other than Governor of New Jersey, Chris Christie.Trump canceled the health insurance on his grand-nephew who had a serious life-threatening illness, as revenge for a dispute over a family will..Mike Pence’s wife told reporters her husband didn’t know he had to wear a Mask at a visit to the Mayo clinic even though he was specifically told by the hospital everyone had to wear a mask.Trump suffers an affliction (Dunning-Kruger) where he believes he is the smartest guy in the room knows better and more than all the experts, including generals and doctors and called himself a “natural” at medicine despite no training or expertise in the field.Stupid people often lack the cognitive awareness that they are actually stupid. This is why Trump is unaware that telling people to drink bleach is not only stupid but he just doesn’t understand why it’s stupid.When asked if she married Trump for his money Melania said he wouldn’t have married her if it wasn’t for her looks.Former Secretary of Energy Rick Perry didn’t know America’s nuclear missiles came under his department.After 3 years in office Trump has still not released his tax returns.Melania is NOT fluent in five languages. In televised shots she says hello in Italian and then reverts to English. She spoke English to a bunch of French school children and relied on an interpreter for the rest. Probably speaks some Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian and some heavily accented English.Its possible to have bone spurs and play college level football when you are the President.Trump say often he attended Wharton business school but he was in the less well-known undergraduate school, not the graduate MBA program. One of his teachers said Trump was one of the laziest students he had ever taught. Penn was relatively easy to get into in 1965 when Trump was there.Trump said he was one of the smartest students in his year but there is no record of him coming anywhere near the top 50 students and his name is not listed anywhere in the summa cum laude class of 1968.So far the president has said little if anything to comfort the families who have lost loved ones due to the corona virus. What he has said is perfunctory and brief and lacking in any real compassion.Recent headline. Melania has been having a long time affair with the head of security at Tiffany in Trump Tower and he looks like Michael Avenatti. Trump knows about it and is perfectly OK with it.Trump and Melania were planning a divorce but it has been put on hold since he became the President. Watch this space.4 people died in Benghazi, the hearings lasted 2 and half years and cost 5 million dollars. 60,000 people have died in the last 2 months and Trump is still President. No charges were ever filed against Hillary Clinton.Trump is still waiting on that 3 am phone call.When Mike Pence went to Germany they flew back via Scotland where Trump has a golf course and airport is about a 2 hour drive from the course. Pence and his security detail were pretty much ordered to use his boss’ hotel as accommodation.The Trump International Hotel in the Federal Post Office building recently petitioned the federal government i.e. the President for a break in the rent, so basically you have the owner of a private hotel business petitioning himself for a rent break.Trump apparently likes to eat pizza with a knife and fork.There is something wrong when 30 million people sign up for unemployment assistance one month into a lock down.Kelly Anne Conway actually though there was a Covid 1–18, not realizing “19” stood for 2019.Report: Trump Hired 200 Illegal Workers in NYC and Paid Them $4 an Hour, if they Got Paid at AllStarted a fraudulent university bearing his own name, which was then sued by thousands of its students, subsequently closed down, and to settle the suits, agreed to pay $25 million (!) in restitution.Was captured on video saying “And when you're a star, they let you do it. You can do anything. Grab 'em by the pussy. You can do anything.”Paid off porn star Stormy Daniels $130,000 to stay silent about their affair, then lied about it repeatedly.Used his fraudulent Trump Foundation to buy a portrait of himself, pay off porn stars, and bribe Florida Attorney General to drop a lawsuit against him. Then was forced to close up said fraudulent foundation.Hired Campaign Chairman Paul Manafort, who was paid millions of dollars by Russian oligarchs, subsequently indicted, and found guilty of tax evasion and money laundering.Perpetuated the known false “birther” conspiracy against President Obama for years.Endorsed known pedophile and child molester, Roy Moore, for US Senate.Repeated the absurd campaign promise countless times that “Mexico will pay for the wall”. Then, when he took office, blamed Democrats for not giving him money for the wall.Campaigned on “Lock her up,” which was ridiculous at the time, and turned into another broken campaign promise.Continually called the Mueller investigation a “witch hunt”, even after it resulted in 35 indictments, convictions and guilty pleas. All while this investigation was conducted by people who reported to him in his own Justice Department.Falsely proclaims all news he doesn’t like to be “fake news.”Routinely tramples the First Amendment by attacking and insulting reporters.Locked immigrant children in cages.Appointed to the Supreme Court a man who was, very credibly, accused of sexual assault.Commuted the sentence of disgraced Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich, and pardoned disgraced Arizona Sheriff Joe Arpaio.Sided with Vladimir Putin over America’s Intelligence agencies.Withheld aid to Ukraine in exchange for a personal favor that Ukraine investigate his political rival.Impeded, and continues to impede, oversight investigations by Congress.Repeatedly promised to release his taxes when elected, then refuses to release his taxes as promised.Has told over 16,000 lies or misleading claims while in office.When you are Donald J Trump Jr. You write a book about how your father has been victimized and bullied by the media and the Liberals. May as well be useful for something.Ivanka said she was going to work for all women when her father became president. So far she has done squat for working mothers, maternity leave and went so far as to say it was not her responsibility. Pretty easy to be a working woman when you can afford nannies and maids.When your daddy is President its “take your daughter to work day” at international summits where you hobnob with the foreign heads of state and pretend to be one.When the Trumps meet the Queen its a family affair as even Eric’s and Junior’s wives and children went along for the ride.Be publicly made the butt of jokes when other world leaders gather and talk about Trump. Justin Trudeau was laughing about how Trump made his own staff’s collective jaws drop at his behavior.Trudeau admits to talking about Trump after President calls him 'two-faced'Trump refused to attend a Veterans Memorial service because it was raining.Ivanka and her husband declared a personal income of $120 million dollars last year while working as unpaid advisors in the White house.Many of the apartments in Trump Tower are owned by shell companies backed by Russian oligarchs and Putin’s cronies. One paid close to double the market rate for his apartment.Trump pulled out of a security deal with North Korea without first telling his Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of State. Japan’s Shinzo Abe almost had a heart attack.The US government had been working very closely with the WHO in China overseeing the pandemic in China before Trump pulled its funding saying they had been working with the Chinese and had not warned the US about he pandemic. The US has known since January but did nothing till late March about it.Bill O’Reilly was one of the biggest blowhards and loudmouths on Fox News until he got fired for sexually harassing his staff. He had to pay a $20 million dollar settlement.Fox News pundit Sean Hannity is a college dropout.Melania herself only finished one year of architecture school in Slovenia and did not graduate. She tried to make out she had a degree in design until it was shown to be a lie on her CV.She likely worked illegally on a tourist visa, used a special visa for “geniuses” to gain her green card and then went on to sponsor her parents for residency in America. her husband wants to ban all illegal immigration. But not if you are a Slovenian trophy wife.Trump tried to sue the Scottish Parliament when they built windmills in front of his property n Scotland saying they ruined his view. His case was thrown out of court.Tiffany is probably the only member of the family to have gone to graduate school, with a Law degree from Georgetown University in Washington.Ivanka, Donald and Donald Junior all attended Penn University with Ivanka attending the Wharton school of Business.Donald Junior was known best for partying hard at college and not known for his scholarship or brains. Mostly majored in beer pong.Trump held up the distribution of subsidy checks so he could put his name on them. The checks are tax payer money, not specifically from the Donald.The CDC spent weeks working on a detailed report including flow diagrams, on how to deal with the pandemic but once it reached Trump’s desk it was promptly shelved.Trump watching a solar eclipseTrump has no dress sense or sense of sartorial style. His jackets and pants are too big, his ties are worn too long. He wears baggy clothes to hide his protruding gut. When he went to a white die dinner with the queen his white vest was lower than his jacket lapels and he looked like a huge penguin. He can afford to get bespoke suits but prefers off-the-rack or perhaps has his own tailor.Trump could not name a single book that he had read apart from his own, nor name any newspapers that he reads.On one occasion he wished out loud that he wished Melania could have been there, except she happened to be standing right next to him.Trump has a very peculiar way of standing. He will lean forward, stick his bum out and hang his hands in front of him as if holding two hot irons.THE WORLD HAS LOVED, HATED AND ENVIED THE U.S. NOW, FOR THE FIRST TIME, WE PITY ITBy: Fintan O'TooleOver more than two centuries, the United States has stirred a very wide range of feelings in the rest of the world: love and hatred, fear and hope, envy and contempt, awe and anger. But there is one emotion that has never been directed towards the US until now: pity.However bad things are for most other rich democracies, it is hard not to feel sorry for Americans. Most of them did not vote for Donald Trump in 2016. Yet they are locked down with a malignant narcissist who, instead of protecting his people from Covid-19, has amplified its lethality. The country Trump promised to make great again has never in its history seemed so pitiful.Will American prestige ever recover from this shameful episode? The US went into corona virus crisis with immense advantages: precious weeks of warning about what was coming, the world’s best concentration of medical and scientific expertise, effectively limitless financial resources, a military complex with stunning logistical capacity and most of the world’s leading technology corporations. Yet it managed to make itself the global epicentre of the pandemicAs the American writer George Packer puts it in the current edition of the Atlantic, “The United States reacted … like Pakistan or Belarus – like a country with shoddy infrastructure and a dysfunctional government whose leaders were too corrupt or stupid to head off mass suffering.”It is one thing to be powerless in the face of a natural disaster, quite another to watch vast power being squandered in real time – wilfully, malevolently, vindictively. It is one thing for governments to fail (as, in one degree or another, most governments did), quite another to watch a ruler and his supporters actively spread a deadly virus. Trump, his party, and Rupert Murdoch’s Fox News became vectors of the pestilence.The grotesque spectacle of the president openly inciting people (some of them armed) to take to the streets to oppose the restrictions that save lives is the manifestation of a political death wish. What are supposed to be daily briefings on the crisis, demonstrative of national unity in the face of a shared challenge, have been used by Trump merely to sow confusion and division. They provide a recurring horror show in which all the neuroses that haunt the American subconscious dance naked on live TV.If the plague is a test, its ruling political nexus ensured that the US would fail it at a terrible cost in human lives. In the process, the idea of the US as the world’s leading nation – an idea that has shaped the past century – has all but evaporated.Other than the Trump impersonator Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil, who is now looking to the US as the exemplar of anything other than what not to do? How many people in Düsseldorf or Dublin are wishing they lived in Detroit or Dallas?It is hard to remember now but, even in 2017, when Trump took office, the conventional wisdom in the US was that the Republican Party and the broader framework of US political institutions would prevent him from doing too much damage. This was always a delusion, but the pandemic has exposed it in the most savage ways.Abject surrenderWhat used to be called mainstream conservatism has not absorbed Trump – he has absorbed it. Almost the entire right-wing half of American politics has surrendered abjectly to him. It has sacrificed on the altar of wanton stupidity the most basic ideas of responsibility, care and even safety.Thus, even at the very end of March, 15 Republican governors had failed to order people to stay at home or to close non-essential businesses. In Alabama, for example, it was not until April 3 that governor Kay Ivey finally issued a stay-at-home order.In Florida, the state with the highest concentration of elderly people with underlying conditions, governor Ron DeSantis, a Trump mini-me, kept the beach resorts open to students travelling from all over the US for spring break parties. Even on April 1, when he issued restrictions, DeSantis exempted religious services and “recreational activities.”Georgia governor Brian Kemp, when he finally issued a stay-at-home order on April 1, explained: “We didn’t know that [the virus can be spread by people without symptoms] until the last 24 hours.”This is not mere ignorance – it is deliberate and homicidal stupidity. There is, as the demonstrations this week in US cities have shown, plenty of political mileage in denying the reality of the pandemic.It is fuelled by Fox News and far-right internet sites, and it reaps for these politicians millions of dollars in donations, mostly (in an ugly irony) from older people who are most vulnerable to the virus draws on a concoction of conspiracy theories, hatred of science, paranoia about the “deep state” and religious providential-ism (God will protect the good folks) that is now very deeply infused in the mindset of the American right.Trump embodies and enacts this mindset, but he did not invent it. The US response to the coronavirus crisis has been paralyzed by a contradiction that the Republicans have inserted into the heart of US democracy. On the one hand, they want to control all the levers of governmental power. On the other they have created a popular base by playing on the notion that government is innately evil and must not be trusted.The contradiction was made manifest in two of Trump’s statements on the pandemic: on the one hand that he has “total authority”, and on the other that “I don’t take responsibility at all”. Caught between authoritarian and anarchic impulses, he is incapable of coherence.Fertile groundBut this is not just Donald Trump. The crisis has shown definitively that Trump’s presidency is not an aberration. It has grown on soil long prepared to receive it. The monstrous blossoming of misrule has structure and purpose and strategy behind it.There are very powerful interests who demand “freedom” in order to do as they like with the environment, society and the economy. They have infused a very large part of American culture with the belief that “freedom” is literally more important than life. My freedom to own assault weapons trumps your right not to get shot at school. Now, my freedom to go to the barber (“I Need a Haircut” read one banner this week in St. Paul, Minnesota) trumps your need to avoid infection.Usually when this kind of outlandish idiocy is displaying itself, there is the comforting thought that, if things were really serious, it would all stop. People would sober up. Instead, a large part of the US has hit the bottle even harder.And the president, his party and their media allies keep supplying the drinks. There has been no moment of truth, no shock of realisation that the antics have to end. No one of any substance on the US right has stepped in to say: get a grip, people are dying here.That is the mark of how deep the trouble is for the US – it is not just that Trump has treated the crisis merely as a way to feed tribal hatreds but that this behaviour has become normalised. When the freak show is live on TV every evening, and the star is boasting about his ratings, it is not really a freak show any more. For a very large and solid bloc of Americans, it is reality.And this will get worse before it gets better. Trump has at least eight more months in power. In his inaugural address in 2017, he evoked “American carnage” and promised to make it stop. But now that the real carnage has arrived, he is revelling in it. He is in his element.As things get worse, he will pump more hatred and falsehood, more death-wish defiance of reason and decency, into the groundwater. If a new administration succeeds him in 2021, it will have to clean up the toxic dump he leaves behind. If he is re-elected, toxicity will have become the lifeblood of American politics.Either way, it will be a long time before the rest of the world can imagine America being great again.THIS WAS ON A FRIEND’S PAGE: An anguished question from a Trump supporter: ‘Why do liberals think Trump supporters are stupid?’THE SERIOUS ANSWER: Here’s what the majority of anti-Trump voters honestly feel about Trump supporters en masse:That when you saw a man who had owned a fraudulent University, intent on scamming poor people, you thought "Fine." (https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2018/04/10/trump-university-settlement-judge-finalized/502387002/)That when you saw a man who had made it his business practice to stiff his creditors, you said, "Okay." (https://www.thedailybeast.com/trump-hotel-paid-millions-in-fines-for-unpaid-work)That when you heard him proudly brag about his own history of sexual abuse, you said, "No problem." (https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/list-trumps-accusers-allegations-sexual-misconduct/story?id=51956410)That when he made up stories about seeing Muslim-Americans in the thousands cheering the destruction of the World Trade Center, you said, "Not an issue." (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/11/22/donald-trumps-outrageous-claim-that-thousands-of-new-jersey-muslims-celebrated-the-911-attacks/)That when you saw him brag that he could shoot a man on Fifth Avenue and you wouldn't care, you exclaimed, "He sure knows me." (https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/10/23/president-donald-trump-could-shoot-someone-without-prosecution/4073405002/)That when you heard him relating a story of an elderly guest of his country club, an 80-year old man, who fell off a stage and hit his head, to Trump replied: “‘Oh my God, that’s disgusting,’ and I turned away. I couldn’t—you know, he was right in front of me, and I turned away. I didn’t want to touch him. He was bleeding all over the place. And I felt terrible, because it was a beautiful white marble floor, and now it had changed color. Became very red.” You said, "That's cool!" (https://www.gq.com/story/donald-trump-howard-stern-story)That when you saw him mock the disabled, you thought it was the funniest thing you ever saw. (https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/donald-trump-criticized-after-he-appears-mock-reporter-serge-kovaleski-n470016)That when you heard him brag that he doesn't read books, you said, "Well, who has time?" (https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/01/americas-first-post-text-president/549794/)That when the Central Park Five were compensated as innocent men convicted of a crime they didn't commit, and he angrily said that they should still be in prison, you said, "That makes sense." (https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/06/19/what-trump-has-said-central-park-five/1501321001/)That when you heard him tell his supporters to beat up protesters and that he would hire attorneys, you thought, "Yes!" (https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-trump-campaign-protests-20160313-story.html)That when you heard him tell one rally to confiscate a man's coat before throwing him out into the freezing cold, you said, "What a great guy!" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/donald-trump-orders-protesters-coat-is-confiscated-and-he-is-sent-into-the-cold-a6802756.html)That you have watched the parade of neo-Nazis and white supremacists with whom he curries favor, while refusing to condemn outright Nazis, and you have said, "Thumbs up!" (https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/08/why-cant-trump-just-condemn-nazis/567320/)That you hear him unable to talk to foreign dignitaries without insulting their countries and demanding that they praise his electoral win, you said, "That's the way I want my President to be." (https://www.huffpost.com/entry/trump-insult-foreign-countries-leaders_n_59dd2769e4b0b26332e76d57)That you have watched him remove expertise from all layers of government in favor of people who make money off of eliminating protections in the industries they're supposed to be regulating and you have said, "What a genius!" (https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2017/12/29/138-trump-policy-changes-2017-000603)That you have heard him continue to profit from his businesses, in part by leveraging his position as President, to the point of overcharging the Secret Service for space in the properties he owns, and you have said, "That's smart!" (https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2018-03-05/how-is-donald-trump-profiting-from-the-presidency-let-us-count-the-ways)That you have heard him say that it was difficult to help Puerto Rico because it was in the middle of water and you have said, "That makes sense." (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2017/09/26/the-very-big-ocean-between-here-and-puerto-rico-is-not-a-perfect-excuse-for-a-lack-of-aid/)That you have seen him start fights with every country from Canada to New Zealand while praising Russia and quote, "falling in love" with the dictator of North Korea, and you have said, "That's statesmanship!" (https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/02/politics/donald-trump-dictators-kim-jong-un-vladimir-putin/index.html)That Trump separated children from their families and put them in cages, managed to lose track of 1500 kids, has opened a tent city incarceration camp in the desert in Texas - he explains that they’re just “animals” - and you say, “Well, OK then.” (https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/more-5-400-children-split-border-according-new-count-n1071791)That you have witnessed all the thousand and one other manifestations of corruption and low moral character and outright animalistic rudeness and contempt for you, the working American voter, and you still show up grinning and wearing your MAGA hats and threatening to beat up anybody who says otherwise. (https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/democracy/reports/2018/06/04/451570/confronting-cost-trumps-corruption-american-families/)What you don't get, Trump supporters, is that our succumbing to frustration and shaking our heads, thinking of you as stupid, may very well be wrong and unhelpful, but it's also...hear me...charitable.Because if you're NOT stupid, we must turn to other explanations, and most of them are less flattering.- Adam-Troy Castro

Which Math Books Should You Buy?Countless math books are published each year, however only a tiny percentage of these titles are destined to become the kind of classics that are loved the world over by students and mathematicians. Within this page, you’ll find an extensive list of math books that have sincerely earned the reputation that precedes them.For many of the most important branches of mathematics, we’ve provided what we consider being the best math books for the subject at hand. We aimed for a list of titles that were either introductory in nature or that fall into the category of “must-have” math reference books. Naturally a universal consensus doesn’t exit but the books below are as close as it gets to a wish list for any aspiring mathematician or person who’s interested in mathematics. We highly recommend each and every one of these titles and hope that you’ll enjoy them, too.Abstract Algebra BooksContemporary Abstract Algebraby Joseph GallianReview: The seventh edition of Contemporary Abstract Algebra covers the basics of abstract algebra with clarity and a rarely seen brightness. Opting for readability over the rigor many of its contemporaries embrace, this textbook provides an excellent starting point for any student looking to learn and understand the subject. Gallian’s writing is inviting and comprehensive, the proofs are rock-solid, and his overall handling of the topic and the reader is gentle – something beginners will be grateful for. Abundantly filled with exercises, well chosen examples, and even biographies on notable mathematicians, this book makes the perfect companion for both students and teachingassistants. More info.Abstract Algebraby David S. Dummit and Richard M. FooteReview: Serious math learners will be thrilled by the rigorous conciseness of this textbook. Dense with information on every page and presented in a relaxed, open manner, Dummit and Foote’s Abstract Algebra effectively works to usher the reader into a realm of sophisticated algebraic concepts and theories. It seamlessly bridges any gap between graduate and undergraduate studies. The book is chock-full of clear examples and succinct proofs, making it evident that the authors have no intention of keeping the reader on a particular topic any longer than is necessary. With countless exercises and examples, Abstract Algebra proves to be an invaluable tool that is undeniably worth the price. More info.Algorithms BooksIntroduction to Algorithms, Third Editionby Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson and Ronald L. RivestReview: Introduction to Algorithms is a distinctly theoretical but all-around comprehensive book. Its use is not only limited to those taking algorithms courses but can also be utilized by anyone as an extensive reference source. Readers will learn quintessential algorithms as well as concepts such as what makes an algorithm efficient and why. Students will need a bit of mathematical background to get from cover to cover, however those who are able to do so will be intrigued by the content depth and wide spectrum of topics covered. These topics run the gamut from classical algorithms to computational geometry. More info.The Art of Computer Programming, Volumes 1-3 Boxed Setby Donald E. KnuthReview: This 3 volume box set does a marvelous job of covering subjects in the vast field of computer science. The writing is intact and brimming with mathematical rigor. Readers whose sole focus is learning can easily skim over areas that are excessively detailed without losing grasp of the core concepts. All three volumes are equally definitive and provide a clean theoretical explanation of fundamentals of computer science. The entire set is organized into six chapters: Basic Concepts, Information Structures, Random Numbers, Arithmetic, Sorting, and Searching. Additionally, each chapter section comes with questions students can use to gain better hands on experience. This is book is akin to the bible for computer scientists. A fourth volume is also available. More info.Calculus Helpers BooksThe Calculus Lifesaver: All the Tools You Need to Excel at Calculusby Adrian BannerReview: Lengthy yet vital, this resource book is jam packed with straight-forward explanations and loads of solved problems for students to easily learn from. Excelling many of its contemporaries by leaps and bounds, The Calculus Lifesaver truly lives up to its title. Students who are tired of dreary calculus textbooks that provide no motivation behind the concepts will be gladly surprised by the detailed and informal approach Banner uses to capture their attention. He fills all gaps and leaves readers feeling satisfied and enlightened. This book dually holds the characteristics of both an instructive primary aid as well as that of a supplementary read. More info.Calculus Made Easyby Silvanus P. ThompsonReview: Even those who are not particularly gifted or even proficient in mathematics will enjoy sitting down and studying from Calculus Made Easy. Thompson creates a warm, inviting environment where students will learn and grasp the true essence of calculus without any added fluff or overt technicality. Frustrated students who have sought after a compatible calculus aid to no avail will agree that this is a professional tool that is presented to the reader on the same wavelength. Thompson knows that math is hard. Rather than taking the standard approach that many use to confound and further bewilder students, he breaks calculus down into a form that is a lot less threatening. More info.Calculus I BooksCalculus, Vol. 1by Tom M. ApostolReview: The author strikes a perfect balance between theory and technique by explaining the “why” of calculus in addition to the “how”. He wanders off the standard presentational path for a calculus course and thereby creates a more historically accurate and useful book. Those who are bound by the established method of teaching calculus and are more interested in problems and exercises may not identify with Apostol’s method. But this is a book that was written for the curious student with the intention of being read and understood, not practiced and blindly memorized. The result is that students will be ready to tackle calculus subjects and courses with a newfound clarity. More info.Calculusby Michael SpivakReview: Tenacious students in favor of stimulating study will love this book. Spivak’s prose is almost charming in the way that it thrusts readers into a challenge that advanced learners will be happy to take on. He forces them to rely on their own perspicacity and reason instead of a collection of random techniques and mechanics. Sophisticated readers will appreciate the style he uses to communicate and teach calculus while others may first want to opt for a more elementary text before attempting to penetrate the solidity of Spivak’s. This fourth edition includes additional problems and other minor changes not included in the third. More info.Calculus II/III BooksCalculus, Vol. 2by Tom M. ApostolReview: In this follow-up to Volume I of his series, Apostol continues to lay the groundwork for calculus students with precision and ease. Where volume one helped establish the basics and form the reader’s understanding, volume two expands that knowledge in a way that demands full immersion into the text. Unlike other calculus books, this one is replete with substance. The author takes time to build and prove each theorem the way it ought to be done. Unlike many follow-up math books, this one never mindlessly repeats the same material. Instead, it vigorously moves ahead into new territory involving the use of multi-variables and advanced applications. More info.Calculus On Manifoldsby Michael SpivakReview: This short and concise book only focuses on what is essential and nothing else. It works to quickly develop the reader’s understanding of differential and integral calculus. Spivak makes his writing on the main objective of the book – Stokes Theorem – painless and easy to grasp. Readers are encouraged to keep a pen and paper on hand to rewrite the proofs on their own. The book’s chapters are as follows: Functions on Euclidean Spaces, Differentiation, Integration, Integration on chains, and Integration on Manifolds. Spivak’s mathematical prowess is apparent by his ability to pack so much punch in only a small amount of pages. If you enjoyed Calculus by Spivak, you’ll love Calculus On Manifolds. More info.Coffee Table Math BooksMathematicians: An Outer View of the Inner Worldby Mariana CookReview: In this uniquely interesting book, photographer Mariana Cook offers readers high quality black and white photographs of 92 noteworthy mathematicians. Cook’s unusual concept for this book has raised several eyebrows. However it provides a much needed break from the rather austere climate that the math world is usually comprised of. Her selected mathematicians come from diverse backgrounds and have all reached their authoritative status in equally different ways. Each photograph is accompanied by a quick, informative and often enlightening essay by the mathematician at hand, frequently revealing the passion and deep love for their discipline that each mathematician possesses. Cook does a wonderful job of capturing her subjects in an honest and purely human light. As such, this title is the ideal coffee table book for math geeks. More info.Sacred Mathematics: Japanese Temple Geometryby Fukagawa Hidetoshi and Tony RothmanReview: In Sacred Mathematics, Hidetoshi and Rothman present a tantalizing and detailed history of Sangaku puzzles that will keep the reader engaged for many hours. For those who are unfamiliar with the subject, sangakus are Japanese geometrical puzzles that were created on wooden tablets and hung in sacred temples and shrines. Readers will discover how the Japanese cleverly intertwined the mathematical, the spiritual, and the artistic to create their own cultural brand of geometry. Sangaku was formulated during an era before western influence had reached Japan. This makes it a unique and fascinating art that has attracted many mathematicians. The authors do a beautiful job of introducing the reader to Japanese culture and the mastery of the country’s sangakus mathematicians. This hardcover volume is rich of illustrations and would be a nice coffee table book. More info.Combinatorics BooksPrinciples and Techniques in Combinatoricsby Chen Chuan-Chong and Koh Khee-MengReview: Math undergrads will find Principles and Techniques in Combinatorics to be a detailed but easy to read book. This is a much needed textbook that can truly be classified as introductory. The authors take careful consideration not to over-elaborate key concepts and thereby confuse those readers who are not as advanced in mathematics as others. Students will enjoy walking step by step through precisely detailed combinatorial proofs as well as reading the greatly in depth chapter on Recurrence Relations (Chapter 6). An abundance of combinatorial problems that are perfect for math competition trainers and participants can be found at the end of each chapter, adding even more value to this already low-priced gem. More info.Combinatorics and Graph Theory (2nd edition)by John Harris, Jeffry L. Hirst, and Michael MossinghoffReview: This second edition of Combinatorics and Graph Theory presents all relevant concepts in a clear and straight to-the-point manner that students will undoubtedly favor. The authors waste no time and quickly set out to teach readers in a brilliantly written and warmly engaging manner. Within its 382 pages, students will find unambiguous explanations on a range of combinatorial and graph theory topics such as Ramsey numbers, Cayley’s tree-count theorem, inclusion-exclusion, vertex coloring, and elementary combinations to just name a few. The second edition also contains new material not previously included in the first, such as extended information on Polya theory, stable marriage problems, and Eulerian trails. More info.Differential Equations BooksDifferential Equations and Their Applicationsby Martin BraunReview: This high-level text is clearly understandable and widely engaging. Braun runs through the pages of his book in a light, expertly written manner that will keep readers hooked for hours. As highly technical as this field is, he covers it fluidly spurring readers to dig deeper into other sources on the subject long after they’ve finished reading this one. Motivated students will find Braun’s discussion insightful, a result of his strive to implement understanding. Anyone taking a course in differential equations for the first time or as a refresher will be greatly pleased by this book’s clear and invigorating approach. More info.Encyclopedias of Mathematics BooksThe Princeton Companion to Mathematicsby Timothy Gowers, June Barrow-Green and Imre Leader (Editors)Review: This is an extraordinary book that every student and mathematician should absolutely have. The PCM carries the true signature of a math encyclopedia in that it is versatile and capable of being all things to all learners in every field of mathematics, and on all levels also. In light of its broad spectrum of topics, the editors have managed to keep this book cohesive and well knit together. The PCM includes specialized articles from contributors on a variety of math topics that even the most advanced pros can learn from. Non-mathematicians who are curious about the trade can also learn a great deal of information from the PCM due to its overall accessible nature. This is the kind of book that will still be read a hundred years from now, and it truly is the nicest book I own. More info.Encyclopedia of Mathematicsby James Stuart TantonReview: This awesome reference gives math lovers exactly what they want from a math encyclopedia. Those who want to quickly search and learn about a particular topic without unneeded rambling from the author or unsatisfactory terseness, will find a trustworthy companion in Tanton’s aptly named work. This book is formatted in an A- Z structure. Tanton makes no diversions in outlining or trying to draw connections other than what is necessary. He essentially gives readers the needed facts and resources, and then keeps it moving. This will prove to be wonderful for some while disappointing for others. The book contains more than 800 entries as well as relevant timelines following the entries. More info.Foundations of Mathematics BooksA Mathematical Introduction to Logic, Second Editionby Herbert EndertonReview: This is one of the finest introductory texts on logic that any student can read. Enderton is cohesive in his explanations and skillfully covers all the essential bases, from number theory to first and second order logic as well as several theorems, including Godel’s. While not a mandatory requirement, it is highly recommended that the reader has a slight understanding of math logic. This will make it easier to complete the many exercises found throughout. Complete with many well-chosen examples and a wider scope than most of its peers, I’d suggest this book to anyone seeking to learn or better understand math logic. More info.Classic Set Theory for Guided Independent Studyby Derek C. GoldreiReview: This is a clearly written and expertly arranged independent study guide designed to make the topic of set theory comprehensible and easy to grasp for self-study students. Without a doubt, this books more than delivers. Readers can expect a smooth ride devoid of complexity and assumed pre-exposure to the subject. Goldrei’s book brings forth an abundance of both solved an unsolved exercises, illustrations and thorough explanations. Ideas, commentaries and recommendations that are resourcefully placed alongside the main text delightfully height the learning experience. This is one of those unfortunately rare but wonderfully rigorous independent study math books that many students stumble across and never seem to put down. More info.Categories for the Working Mathematicianby Saunders Mac LaneReview: The author of this work, Sunders Mac Lane, has concisely spread out all the vital category theory information that students will probably ever need to know. Category theory is a tough topic for many and is not effortlessly explained. However, Mac Lane approaches the task with skill, dexterity and an orderly flow of writing – but this isn’t surprising being that Mac Lane is the very originator of category theory. Those with limited experience with graduate-level mathematics are cautioned to start with a more basic text before delving into this one. However, serious mathematicians looking to learn from one of the masters in the trade will be thoroughly delighted with Mac Lane’s exposition. More info.History of Mathematics BooksMathematics: From the Birth of Numbersby Jan GullbergReview: Gullberg’s takes an amazing dive into the deep grounded roots of mathematics and its origins. The astounding part about all of it is that Jan Gullberg is a doctor and not a mathematician. Despite this, he has managed to write a thorough book that captures the entire history of math along with answers to the “why” and “how” that students often ask. The enthusiasm he exhibits throughout will spread onto readers like wildfire. This work is clearly a labor of love, not self-exaltation. Readers will appreciate that Gullberg is simply a man who has fallen in love with and holds an immense adoration for one of the most important components of human civilization. More info.What Is Mathematics? An Elementary Approach to Ideas and Methodsby Richard Courant and Herbert RobbinsReview: Math aficionados will profit greatly from this book. Those interested in breezing through a math history text won’t however have much luck with this one. That is because this book does more than just skim the surface. The authors prompt readers to actually think about the ideas and methods mentioned rather than blindly swallow them down for later use. They present captivating discussions on many topics instead of dull facts and easy answers. The end result of reading this book is an appreciation that will develop from the thought processes readers are required to use. The writing is classic and elucidating, accompanied by many engaging illustrations and side notes. More info.Mathematics and its Historyby John StillwellReview: This book contains a treasure chest of priceless history and deep facts that even established pros will find themselves learning from. John Stillwell foregoes the encyclopedic route and makes it his goal to help the reader understand the beauty behind mathematics instead. He brilliantly unifies mathematics into a clear depiction that urges readers to rethink what they thought they knew already. He effectively travels all pertinent ground in this relatively short text, striking a clever balance between brevity and comprehensiveness. Readers looking to truly understand the whole concept of mathematics and its disciplines will enjoy reading Stillwell’s Mathematics and its History. More info.Information Theory BooksComputational Science and Engineeringby Gilbert StrangReview: Gilbert Strang has a reputation for writing ample, pragmatic, and insightful books. During the course of reading this one, it will become blatantly clear to the reader that the author has created this work out of passion and a genuine love for the subject. Every engineer can benefit deeply from reading this. Strang’s writing style and his instructive approach are unrivaled. He covers all aspects of computational science and engineering with experience and authority. The topics discussed include applied linear algebra and fast solvers, differential equations with finite differences and finite elements, and Fourier analysis and optimization. Strang has taught this material to thousands of students. With this book many more will be added to that number. More info.Information Scienceby David G. LuenbergerReview: This book has what many of its peers don’t: the skill and finesse to clearly explain complex concepts in a manner that appeals to readers, but never loses integrity. The book contains interesting historical facts and insightful examples. Luenberger forms the structure of his book around 5 main parts: entropy, economics, encryption, extraction, and emission, otherwise known as the 5 Es. He encompasses several points of view and thereby creates a well-rounded text that readers will admire. He details how each of the above parts provide function for modern info products and services. Luenberger is a talented teacher that readers will enjoy learning from. More info.Introduction to Coding and Information Theoryby Steve RomanReview: Undergraduate math and computer science students will be thrilled to learn information theory and coding theory from Steve Roman’s book. Readers will gain a profound understanding of the types of codes and their efficiency. Roman starts his exposition off with an introductory section containing brief preliminaries and an introduction to codes that preps the reader and makes it easier for them to process the remaining material. He follows that with two chapters containing a precise teaching on information theory, and a final section containing four chapters devoted to coding theory. He finishes this pleasing journey into information and coding theory with a brief introduction to cyclic codes. More info.Linear Algebra and Geometry BooksLinear Algebra Done Rightby Sheldon AxlerReview: This is an exemplary book requiring a small level of mathematical maturity. Axler takes a thoughtful and theoretical approach to the work. He skillfully takes the focus off from matrices and shifts the reader’s attention more towards linear mappings. This makes his proofs elegant, simple, and pleasing. Conscious of the reader’s possible unfamiliarity as well as time frame, Axler does a fine job of preparing and developing readers’ understanding rather than fully detailing application methods and formulas. He leaves the reader with unsolved exercises which many will find to be thought-provoking and stimulating. An understanding of working with matrices is required. This book works great as a supplementary or second course introduction to linear algebra. More info.The Four Pillars of Geometryby John StillwellReview: This is a beautifully written book that will help students connect the dots between four differing viewpoints in geometry. These four “pillars”, as Stillwell refers to them, are: straightedge and compass constructions, linear algebra, projective geometry and transformation groups. This book will help the reader develop a stronger appreciation for geometry and its unique ability to be approached at different angles – an exciting trait which ultimately enables students to strengthen their overall knowledge of the subject. Undergraduate students and professors alike will enjoy the brevity of Stillwell’s writing and his ability to rapidly examine each of these topics of geometry rather than emphasize just one. More info.Mathematical Methods BooksMathematical Methods: For Students of Physics and Related Fieldsby Sadri HassaniReview: This book gives readers an enhanced view of complex mathematics and their applications than most standard courses don’t do. It is recommended that only those with some existing knowledge of linear and complex algebra, differential equations, and even complex analysis and algebra only use this book. Physics and engineering students beyond their introductory courses are the intended audience and will benefit the most. The material can be used as both refresher reading and as a primary study guide. Hassani is well-versed and hispresentation is expertly organized. He also effectively begins each chapter with a short preamble that helps further instill understanding of the main concepts. More info.Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciencesby Mary L. BoasReview: Boas continues her tradition of conciseness and wholly satisfies physical science students with her third edition of Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences. Mathematics majors need to be aware that this book is intended for the fields of science and engineering, therefore the author’s focus is not on proofs or mathematical rigor. She even makes a point to stress this in the preface. Boas has done students a tremendous service by combining essential math concepts into one easy to use reference guide. It contains vital pieces and bits of all the major topics including Complex numbers, linear algebra, PDEs, ODEs, calculus, analysis and probability and statistics. Every physics student should certainly own this one. More info.Number Theory BooksElementary Number Theoryby Gareth A. Jones and Josephine M. JonesReview: Undergraduate math majors will find this book to be easily approachable but containing much depth. Jones and Jones form a powerful duo and expertly take students through a painless and surprisingly enjoyable learning experience. They seem aware that many readers prefer readability over a more pedantic style. They briefly touch base on advanced topics such as Fermat’s Last Theorem and its history while still remaining understandable. This book rightfully puts emphasis on the beauty of number theory and the authors accompany each exercise with complete solutions – something students will certainly enjoy. This book can work excellently as both introductory course literature or supplementary study and reference material. More info.An Invitation to Modern Number Theoryby Steven J. Miller and Ramin Takloo-BighashReview: Advanced undergrads interested in information on modern number theory will find it hard to put this book down. The authors have created an exposition that is innovative and keeps the readers mind focused on its current occupation. The subject of modern number theory is complex and therefore this book is intended for the more experienced student. However, the authors tackle the subject in a well-paced yet rigorous style that is more than commendable. Each page exudes brilliance, birthing an underlying deeper awareness of the topic. As described in the title this book really is an invitation – and curious readers would be wise to accept it. More info.An Introduction to the Theory of Numbersby G. H. Hardy, Edward M. Wright and Andrew WilesReview: This is a book that is commonly used in number theory courses and has become a classic staple of the subject. Beautifully written, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers gives elementary number theory students one of the greatest introductions they could wish for. Led by mathematical giant G. H Hardy, readers will journey through numerous number theoretic ideas and exercises. Hardy’s writing brims with a knowledge and elegance that subtly displays the razor sharp expertise he possessed. This book will not only guide number theory students through their current studies but will also prepare them for more advanced courses should they pursue them in the future. An absolute classic that belongs to the bookshelf on any math lover. More info.Numerical Analysis BooksNumerical Analysis with CD-ROMby Timothy SauerReview: Sauer has created a book that is more than suitable for first course studies in numerical analysis. He highlights the five critical areas of the subject which are: Convergence, Complexity, Conditioning, Compression, and Orthogonality, and makes well-planned connections to each throughout the book. The proofs are exacting but not too intricate and will firmly satisfy students. Each chapter is laden with insight, and not just analysis. Sauer attentively infuses his book with numerous problems, some to be completed by hand and others through the use of the Matlab numerical computing package. Complete with Matlab code in the back of the book and an accompanying CD-ROM, students will find Numerical Analysis a pleasure to own. More info.Numerical Recipes 3rd Edition: The Art of Scientific Computingby William H. Press, Saul A. Teukolsky, William T. Vetterling and Brian P. FlanneryReview: This third edition of a widely esteemed favorite has been upgraded to include the latest modern scientific computing methods as well as two completely new chapters. The book is still written and presented in the same practical an easy to read style that the previous versions were known for. The authors diligently treat the old familiar methods with passion while tactfully intertwining them with newer and equally important more contemporary ones. The exceptionally written C++ code will help readers incorporate and test the algorithmic solutions in their own environments for further learning. However there are strict licensing rules to pay attention to. More info.Precalculus BooksPrecalculus Mathematics in a Nutshell: Geometry, Algebra, Trigonometryby George F. SimmonsReview: George Simmons takes newbies and out of practice scholars alike, through a refreshing crash course in three basic mathematical practices (Geometry, Algebra and Trigonometry) in their simple but often hated form. High school graduates and others on the way to their first college calculus course will be thoroughly prepared to take on the intimidating realm of college level mathematics. Simmons shows readers just how uncomplicated and enjoyable mathematics can be – all in a transparent and fluid tone. He goes into adequate depth while still maintaining enough brevity to encourage the reader to think on their own. He cuts to the chase and afterwards leaves readers feeling capableand well-equipped. More info.Basic Mathematicsby Serge LangReview: The late Serge Lang’s Basic Mathematics will help students properly commence their venture into college calculus. The book is divided into four sections: Algebra, Intuitive Geometry, Coordinate Geometry, and Miscellaneous. Each section offers numerous exercises for readers to practice and fine-tune their abilities on. Lang carefully uses his grounded expertise to construct a sturdy foundation for the reader to build their future mathematical knowledge on. Basic math concepts are his sole focus and he comfortably takes readers through the material with an advanced but stress free tone. The principles Lang brings to the forefront are absolutely vital for anyone wishing to move forward in calculus, college algebra, and other areas of mathematics. More info.Probability BooksIntroduction to Probability Models, Tenth Editionby Sheldon M. RossReview: Introduction to Probability Models differs from many probability books in that it covers a variety of disciplines. It has been widely used by a number of professors as the main text for many first courses. This elementary introduction provides ample instruction on probability theory and stochastic processes, and insight into its application in a broad range of fields. Ross has filled each chapter with loads of exercises and clear examples. He also takes his time in explaining the thinking and intuition behind many of the theorems and proofs. Even those who don’t specialize in the field will find it a joy to read this book. More info.An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applicationsby William FellerReview: In this first volume, William Feller paints a clear picture of probability theory and several of its interesting applications from the discrete viewpoint. The material is a bit advanced and is only recommended for students going into their third or fourth years. His writing brims with examples that help establish an accurate conception of discrete probability, and it includes sound insight into the history and development of probability theory. Readers will walk away with an intuitive understanding and sharper awareness of the subject. It is a must read item for any intermediate to advanced student who is working in the field of probability theory. More info.Probability Theory: The Logic of Scienceby E.T JaynesReview: Jaynes writes a fantastic prose that views probability theory beyond the usual context. The ideas found within this book are innovative and the author takes a welcomed path away from the conventional. Readers will enjoy the intellectual journey into the fundamentals of probability theory coupled with the book’s relaxed and informal tonality. It is strangely akin to receiving a one-on-one lesson from the author himself. Jaynes should be praised for taking a huge step away from mainstream probability theory and into this fresher approach. The only disappointment to this masterpiece is that, sadly, Jaynes died before completely finishing it, causing the editor to step in and thinly inject the missing pieces. More info.Fifty Challenging Problems in Probability with Solutionsby Frederick MonstellerReview: This small entertaining book presents a remarkable assortment of probability problems and puzzles that will keep readers stimulated for hours. Monsteller narrates parts of his book with a sense of humor which creates an easy-going and comfortable learning environment. The problems the author has selected put emphasis on, and will help readers learn, invaluable techniques. Detailed solutions to each problem are also included so as not to leave the reader bewildered or uncertain. The book ranges in scope from basic probability puzzlers to very difficult and intricate ones for the highly advanced student. This book easily doubles as supplementary study material or as a source of recreational math enjoyment. More info.Real and Complex Analysis BooksPrinciples of Mathematical Analysis, Third Editionby Walter RudinReview: Rudin has written an exquisite book on analysis. Before approaching, students should have a modest understanding of mapping, set theory, linear algebra and other basic topics. Rudin’s problem sets appear tough, but once figured out students will be more than grateful for his rigor. For readers, the key to really benefiting from this book is not only in reading it but in completing Rudin’s exercises and proofs on their own. The challenge will train them to think intuitively and effectively. This book is also known as “baby rudin” and it’s a real classic. More info.Real Analysisby N.L CarothersReview: There are many math books that go by the same straightforward title, however not many of them exude the same amount of mastery and reverence for the subject as Carothers’ does. The book is infused with enlightening historical commentary which keeps the reader engaged and helps break the stereotype of “boring math books”. The author also has an interesting custom of inserting a parenthesized “why” whenever he purposely bypasses a detail by forcing readers to figure it out themselves. While some will find this frustrating, motivated and determined students will take it as an opportunity to probe deeper and explore real analysis further than they normally might. More info.Real and Complex Analysisby Walter RudinReview: Rudin provides a solid handling of graduate level real and complex analysis. He encompasses all basic and advanced topics such as differentiation, Banach and Hilbert Spaces, Fourier analysis, etc. Readers who are familiar with Rudin can expect to see his usual writing style – elegant and concise. He goes through a standard but thorough teaching on measure theory in the first half of the book and then progresses onto an innovative study of complex analysis. He starts basic but fluidly moves towards a level that requires persistence on the reader’s part. This book (aka “big rudin” or “papa rudin”) is a masterpiece for students who are looking for a classic read on real and complex analysis. More info.A First Course in Complex Analysis With Applicationsby Dennis Zill and Patrick ShanahanReview: This book gives students an accessible introduction to the world of complex analysis and how its methods are used. A First Course in Complex Analysis is reader-friendly to the newcomer and therefore is ideal for use by both undergrads as well as graduates. For undergrads, the authors refrain from abstractness and maintain an appreciated level of transparency. While for graduates, they effortlessly fill in the gaps that many standard course texts tend to leave wide open. Each chapter is followed by a section detailing the applications of the previously discussed topic. Additionally a quick review quiz for further verification and cultivation of skills is also included with each chapter. More info.Visual Complex Analysisby Tristan NeedhamReview: Author Tristan Needham reveals the often unrealized beauty of complex analysis through a graphical perspective. He takes an elegant approach to complex analysis that will cause the reader to turn each page in awe of the insightful prose and intricate visuals. This book momentarily takes the math student’s mind off of the abstractness and conciseness that it has been raised on and transfers it to a place full of innovative approaches, but without sacrificing rigor. Readers will understand solutions through their own intuition, not memorization. Rich in math history and lively from the start, this book would make excellent study and recreational reading for the serious student. More info.Statistics BooksStatistics in Plain English, Third Editionby Timothy C. UrdanReview: Just as the title implies, the author has submitted an unequivocal and palpable exposition on statistics. Statistics in Plain English is regarded by many as the most appropriate statistics primer for undergraduates. Urdan has managed to compress everything one needs to know about statistics into a compact 250 page book that doesn’t feel hurried or unfulfilling. The text is general enough to be used in a variety of mathematical areas yet retains its comprehensiveness and accuracy. Urdan masterfully moves through essential concepts without losing the reader the way many professors would. Students harboring apprehension towards statistics will tremendously enjoy this book. More info.Introductory Statisticsby Neil A. WeissReview: Introductory Statistics will greatly increase readers’ understanding of statistics and the reasoning behind the subject. Weiss has structured the subject matter carefully and formulates his writing in a lucid and enjoyable style. He thoughtfully steers away from advanced topics as they would only serve to confuse readers who are in this elementary stage. The focus is kept on detailed explanations of the basics in a clear language that will appeal to many beginners. Some of the chapters covered include: The Nature of Statistics, Organizing Data, Descriptive Measures, Discrete Random Variables, Inferential Methods in Regression and Correlation, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). More info.Statistics, 4th Editionby David Freedman, Robert Pisani and Roger PurvesReview: This is an excellent, non-technical and simple introduction to statistics. The book is intended for lower-level students who wish to know the standard topics and methods that are included in most first statistics courses. Math students will find it easy to understand the ideas presented, while teachers and tutors will discover an engaging and highly effective way to teach statistics material. The authors provide real-life examples such as clinical trials and observational studies to help readers grasp the subject matter even better. All that is needed to learn from this book is a basic understanding of numbers and simple algebra. More info.Topology BooksIntroduction to Topology and Modern Analysisby George F. SimmonsReview: The author of this book has divided it into three sections: topology, operators, and algebras of operators. He contrives a fantastic and classical introduction to topology that targets continuity and linearity, the dominating themes. In the preface Simmons states that the goal is to illuminate these words’ meaning and their relation to each other, which is exactly what he does in the remaining pages. Self-study students will find Simmons to be a phenomenal communicator and will have no problem at all going through chapter after chapter of his writings. He clarifies deep concepts in a manner that boasts his mathematical capacity and skill while never leaving the reader behind. More info.Introduction to Topology: Third Editionby Bert MendelsonReview: Undergraduates will enjoy this introduction to the fundamentals of topology. Despite its relatively short length, this book thoroughly encompasses the basic material students are required to know. Engaging exercises and problems urge the reader’s mind to fully comprehend and absorb the material. In the first chapter, Mendelson explains set theory in an unmitigated manner which primes readers for the following chapters. Self-study enthusiasts will fall in love with the clarity and simple progress of the writing. However, despite its simplicity this book holds much contextual depth and gravity. After Mendelson’s initial introduction to topology, students will have no need for another. More info.Feel free to get in touch if you think the list is really missing out by not listing a specific book. If you are a publisher and feel that we’re missing a great book of yours, drop us a line. Please understand that we recommend only what we consider to be the best books on the market today. No exceptions.