Chapter 2 Implementation Phases And Offerings: Fill & Download for Free

Very good question. Before you get started I would recommend you understand the basic fundamentals of building wealth and RealEstate there is no short answer to this question but I've taken the time to break down what I consider the five phases of real estate if you grasp The information that I provide feel free to comment on this answer and I would be glad to elaborate further. Let me preface this by saying that I believe the cornerstone to all real estate investing is to understand how to manage the assets so I tell all of my clients that look to build wealth the real estate to start with the property management business as the foundation and build out from there.The five phases of Real estate investingThere are five key phases in real estate in general most books that are written on real estate investing just highlight one or two of the phases but there have been very few if any books that have been written about all five phases of real estate one individual truly can understand all five phases he or she quite simply can generate income that is volatile drove through any economic cycle truly mastering all five phases gives a real estate professional true inside of the real estate business and the necessary need to encompass property management as a key fundamental part of their business.1. Acquisition phase2. Implementation phase3. Stabilization phase4. Growth phase5. Exit strategy phaseThe acquisition phaseThe acquisition phase the purchase of the investment property is one of the most important phases. This determines how successful the property navigate the other four phases from a financial standpoint it Holly depends on how well the property was purchased using one investors call and income approachthe implementation phaseThe implementation phase, and this phase The real estate professionals main goal is to implement the proper systems for the property management business, there are two types of keysystems that involve the implementation phase.1. Procedures systems, which include operations manuals. Unless a system is documented it cannot be repeated properly. It is possible to have a system that has developed over time and works well because the people following it have been doing it that way over time. However, if that process is not written down how can you train others to create the same results? That is why we have created the landlord academy operations manual this is a complete guide to help and sure you run a system as property management company. Keys to weigh operational system* Identifies the work that needs to be done* Instructs the user on how to perform the work* Provides a consistent results to the user, and consistent services to the clientSome of the key components of the implementation phase will include implementing procedure in operations manuals. Part of implementing systems will include two key operating systems1. The business systems, I.e. details on how the property management business will operate and function as a business2. The technicians systems i.e. the property managers dead today procedural systemsOne of the first processes I probably management business will have to undertake is the process of interviewing the clients. Most property managers are probably management companies are used to being interviewed by the owner but it has been my experience that the property management company needs to interview the owner as there are many factors that could dictate whether or not we take on the owners management or we increased fees of the proposed management contract etc. some of the things to consider are:* Where the property is located. Where the property is located could have a tremendous impact on how much we charge there typically higher fees associated with properties located and more demographically challenging areas such as, high crime* Single-family, Duplex, small apartment building or large apartment building all these play a major factor in the overall pricing of the management fee.* Has the investor purchase properties do your brokerage sells part of your business? Are they planning on buying more investment properties through you and using your services?(The owner interview process) to be included in the implementation chapter as this directly influence business systemsHere are some key questions you will want to ask the owner of the investment property when interviewing the owner as a property manager.1. What is your goal for the investment?2. What are your short-term and long-term expectations of the investment property?3. What type of corporate entity is the property operating under?4. How many investment properties do you currently own? Are you looking to buy more?5. As the property manager you will want to find out who is actually the owner6. How long have you owned the rental property?7. Is there a current tenant in the property?8. Are there any pending our current legal issues with the rental property? I.e. code violations etc.9. Are all mortgage payments up-to-date? Are there any condo are homeowner fees?10. Have you had a prior management company managing these rentals?11. Are there any pending workorders on any of the rental properties?12. Has the tenant ever performed work on the property in exchange for a discount in rent on the rental property in question?13. Has the tenant ever paid in cash? And if so how many times?14. Are you aware of the legal names of all the tenants that occupy your rental units?15. What is the relationship like between you and the tenants?16. Can you provide a current tenant file with applications, leases and any notices/correspondences. Can you provide up-to-date rent rolls that include move-in dates move out dates amounts of security deposits associated with those leases as well as any former tenants for the past two years?contracts and agreements what a good management agreement should cover:* Full, legal names of all parties* Services offered by the property management company* Responsibilities of both the owner and manager* Contract time frames* Termination clauses* Insurance coverages* Specify the exact authority given to management companythe stabilization phaseStabilization phase, occurs soon after phase 2 has been completed. Stabilization involves the ability to control the properties income and expenses. In order to accomplish this, the property needs to control several key components;1. Occupancy rates: The ability to Control occupancy rate depends on several key factors that are usually detailed and how a property manager wants to business from any technicians standpoint meaning what day-to-day operational systems are in place to help screen tenets properly, reduce tenet noncompliance is what the lease and rules and regulations, where do's maintenance requests etc. all of these various functions of day-to-day operations that a property management technician has to address or ultimately affect the occupancy rates on rental properties the ability to negatively or positively control the systems will result in a negative or positive result in occupancy rates.2. Rental rates: The ability to set rental rates by professional property management technician is a very detailed process. It is not as easy as one would think a technician does not just post whatever rental rate they feel they deserve on Zillow. Considerable amount of research and do diligence must be performed before setting rental rates. A few key factors that must be determined are:* The properties current condition* The demographics/Psychographics of the properties area* The type of neighborhood the local property is located* Local i'm climate factors such as unemployment rates etc.These are just a few of the keytopics that must be researched before setting rental rates. Most skilled investors have already performed the majority of this work before purchase the property in their due diligence process but this process must be continued on a quarterly basis by the property manager technician to keep a constant finger on the pulse of the local economy to properly set rental rates. The goal to setting rental rates is to have periodic increases and rents while decreasing expenses this creates a growing net operating income which ultimately translates to the properties growing value.2. Turnovers of tenants leases: most property manager have a problem in this area as they get overwhelmed with turnovers and tenets who do not comply with the rules and regulations laid out as well as noncompliances of the lease agreement. However a good property management technician has reduce The liability of these issues taking place. They accomplish this by setting very strict qualifying criteria having a good tenant screening process is key to reducing the liability of turnovers and noncompliances by tenants during their lease.* In the section we can include both leases for single-family and multi family and explain the various different areas of the lease that help to protect both the property manager/owner* In this section we can include the qualifying criteria and cover and detail as well as highlight the sections that are critical to reducing the liability of noncompliances/turnovers on the rental property.3. Delinquencies: the same way noncompliances of the lease agreement and noncompliances of the rules and regulations can be reduced through proper tenant screening and qualifying criteria delinquencies can be drastically reduced as well by implying the same techniques of qualifying the tenant before the tenant moves in. We have provided and our operations manual the proper qualifying criteria Rancourt and you to that only read this material but include it in your day-to-day business operations to reduce delinquencies. The sum this up delinquencies have a huge negativeimpact on the net operating income. If a property is net operating income is negatively impact the ability for that property to pay and cover his expenses will be impacted. Requiring the investor to cover the expenses out of their own pocket. These issues typically are highlighted and most vile post that one can find on the Internet issues about collecting rent issues about dealing with maintenance issues about tenants not complying with the lease our rules and regulations. What I am attempting to point out is that all of these issues can be drastically reduced are totally eliminate it altogether by employing the proper business systems along the property managerto officially do their job consistently and profitably* In this section we can include various forms the property manager will use to help collect rent such as delinquency notices etc.* In the section we can also include the latest technology that allows tenants to pay the rent online i.e.property management software4. Maintenance budget: as a property management technician the ability to inspect what we expect is key. What I mean by this is you cannot assume that the tenant will take care of your property you have to know that the property is being maintained and taken care of. This is accomplished by periodic inspections performed by the property manager. Using the new technology we have available with our smart phones we can videotape the condition of the rental property produce instantly a work order for the maintenance vendor our contractor to follow up with. At the same time recording the overall condition of the rental units keeping a diary of the condition is extremely helpful when it comes time to appraise the value of the asset.•In this section we can include vendor contracts best practices to working with maintenance contractors/vendorsWork order forms and other related forms that are probably manager when use when performing work on the rental unit•The latest technology available for property managers to use to help expedite the process of evaluating work and issuing work orders for various contractors/vendorsthe growth phaseDuring the growth phase the property managers focused on maximizing the income and minimizing the expenses. Maximizing income is accomplished through growing the net operating income of the property while minimizing the expenses to care for budgeting and both routine and preventative maintenance. Once income has grown you you have essentially increase the value, leading to the final phase•insurance (Risk Management)the exit strategyThe final stages when the investor feels that he or she has reached a desired return on investment what's his face has been realize the investor looks to either sell and reposition the returns into a greater investment or cash out. Property management companies have clear advantage is here as the investor either cashes out to buy another property are simply cashes out either way the property management company can then turn this lead over to the Brokeridge arm of the real estate business and benefit from listing transactions and buyer transactions. Keep in mind the property management company is the greatest source of lead generation for new and first-time buyers as they control the largest tenant pool database. To view this database they have to look no further than their rent rolls at the properties they lease out.

The latest market report published by Credence Research, Inc. “Bacteriophage Market was valued at US$ 567.9 Mn in 2017 expanding at a CAGR of 3.9% from 2018 to 2026.Credence Research, the leading business intelligence provider, has published its latest research, "Bacteriophage Market 2026", which gives insights into Bacteriophage in the Global market. The report determines the market size for 2018, along with forecasts until 2026. It is built using data and information sourced from exclusive databases, primary and secondary research, and in-house analysis carried out by Credence Research’s team of industry experts. [Continue reading..]Market Insight:Recently, bacteriophages or phages have been recognized as an efficient tool in modern biotechnology through a multitude of researches advocating the potential usage of bacteriophages across several applications. Researchers have also proposed bacteriophages as a viable alternative to antibiotics for several antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.They can also be used as biocontrol agents in petroleum and agriculture industry. Bacteriophages have unique application in the petroleum industry as bacterial fouling often leads to serious damage to gas pipelines, devaluating the products and therefore increasing capital expenses.Additionally, bacteriophages can also be used as vaccine vehicles, for detection of pathogenic bacterial strain and as display systems (phage displays) for several antibodies and proteins. Bacteriophages present a diverse group of viruses that can be conveniently manipulated and thus have significant application in research, therapeutics and biotechnology. Phages not just control the bacterial population, but also contribute to moving genes from one bacterium to another. Therefore, the study of bacteriophage particles offers insights into genome evolution, bacterial evolution, DNA expression and copying, and thus development of new biotechnologies.Globally, the incessant growth in bacterial resistance to majority of antibiotics is becoming a new driving factor for phage therapy that uses lytic phage particles as these entities are devoid of metabolic operation and do not have affinity to eukaryotic cells. Furthermore, utilization of bacteriophage particles in phage vaccination is also emerging as one of the promising preventive strategies currently under research.Other major areas where bacteriophages are finding renewed focus are bacterial biosensing devices, phage-display based selection of biological affinity molecules, food biopreservation, food safety, biocontrol of plant pathogens, corrosion control and biofilm controlDownload Free Request Sample: https://www.credenceresearch.com/sample-request/59356Leading Players:The key players currently engaged in bacteriophage market include Federal State Scientific Industrial Company MICROGEN, AmpliPhi Biosciences Corporation, EnBiotix, Phage Biotech Ltd., Fixed-Phage Limited, InnoPhage, Pherecydes Pharma, TechnoPhage SA, VersatileBio among others.ScopeThe report presents the brief overview of Bacteriophage Market including business description, key information and facts, and its locations and subsidiariesThe report features product description and descriptive mechanism of action for key products along with the products developmental history and major milestonesSpecial feature on out-licensed and partnered product portfolioThe report summarizes all the dormant and discontinued projectsLatest company statementLatest news and deals relating to the Bacteriophage productsResearch methodologyThe following research methods were used in this report:Desk studyA questionnaire survey among specialty retail chainsAnalyzing statistical data released by the Federal Customs ServiceDesk study sources include materials taken from print and online media conference materials.Reasons to BuyThe report provides information about technology solutions needed for the implementation of Bacteriophage projects, and allows readers to make effective business decisionsThe report helps readers to strengthen strategic framework by understanding the business benefits to be achieved through Bacteriophage solutionsThe report highlights projected investment on Bacteriophage over the next two years. This will help organizations to allocate budget towards Bacteriophage implementation and business expansionThe report helps executives plan their adoption of Bacteriophage by providing expected timeframes for implementationClick Here For Toc And Full Report: https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/bacteriophage-marketTable of Content:Chapter 1. Preface1.1. Report Description1.1.1. Study Purpose1.1.2. Target Audience1.1.3. USP and Key Offerings1.2. Research Scope1.3. Research Methodology1.3.1. Phase I – Secondary Research1.3.2. Phase II – Primary Research1.3.3. Phase III – Expert Panel Review1.3.4. Assumptions1.4. Market SegmentationChapter 2. Executive Summary2.1. Global Bacteriophage Market Portraiture2.2. Global Bacteriophage Market, by Product Type, 2017 (US$ Mn)2.3. Global Bacteriophage Market, by Application, 2017 (US$ Mn)2.4. Global Bacteriophage Market, by Geography, 2017 (US$ Mn)Chapter 3. Bacteriophage: Market Dynamics and Outlook3.1. Market Overview3.2. Drivers3.2.1. Widening Application of Bacteriophages3.2.2. Renewed Interest in Phage Therapy3.3. Challenges3.3.1. Significant Regulatory Challenges for Approval as an Alternative to Antibiotics3.4. Opportunities3.4.1. Phage Particles as Vaccine Carriers3.5. Attractive Investment Proposition, by Geography, 20173.6. Competitive Analysis: Global Bacteriophage Market, by Key Players, 2017Chapter 4. Global Bacteriophage Market, by Product Type, 2016-2026 (US$ Mn)4.1. Overview4.2. dsDNA Bacteriophage4.3. ssDNA Bacteriophage4.4. ssRNA BActeriophageDownload Free Request Sample: https://www.credenceresearch.com/sample-request/59356Briefing wire: https://www.briefingwire.com/pr/rapeseed-oil-market-insights-shared-in-detailed-report-by-credenceresearchcom

Short answer :-Blaming Nehru for all of India’s current problems has become a fashion in last few years. It seems completely illogical and absurd to me. Afterall, a person has to be evaluated, based on the appropriate context of his era, not on what is happening 70 - 80 years after his death.Blaming Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi for today's problem is like blaming Sunil Gavaskar and Kapil Dev for India’s loss to NZ in World Cup 2019 semi final. Just like Legendary players like Gavaskar and Kapil Dev should not be abused for poor performance of Kohli and Sharma, similarly Gandhi and Nehru should not be blamed for today's issues.Imagine how irrelevant and absurd would it sound that in 2100 AD nearly 80-100 years after Modi dies, someone is trying to win Lok Sabha elections by saying that Advani or Rajnath Singh should have been PM in 2014 as they were past BJP party presidents while Modi was not?Imagine how illogical would be for someone in 2100AD to say that ‘India would have been a better country had Nitin Gadkar (then the BJP's party president would have become the PM instead of Modi) ?Imagine someone creating a 3000 crore statue of ‘Iron Man’ Amit Shah, and at the same time saying that India would have been better if Amit Shah would have become PM instead of Modi who became PM by backdoor entry ?Does any of this sound even 0.0001 % relevant 100 yrs after Modi’ s death?Long answer below :-Not only on Quora but nowadays Nehru is abused also on Facebook and Twitter and whatsapp.Because of the simple reason, that people in India love to find a reason for blaming their failures on someone else's actions. They love to exaggerate stories, come up with half cooked, half baked tales, moreover they love to live in an 'unrealistic' world.In reality, Nehru was the most talented and the most successful PM in the history of India, in the most violent and challenging times of the world, immediately after an era that witnessed two world wars in quick succession. There is no one, who comes anywhere close to him, when it comes to matters of democracy and social reforms.His tenure of 50 odd years, as one of the greatest sons of India, is studied by historians in two phases. First phase, is the set of 32 years he served as a young, bold, intelligent and dynamic Indian freedom fighter who was Gandhi's right hand and the 2nd set is the set of 17 years, he served as Independent India's Founder PM. His vast contribution to India spanning 49 years, is the reason why Indian history books have mentioned him in great detail.Despite being from a super rich and affluent family, he decided to dedicate 32 years of his life, in serving the country and living a very modest life. He faced lathicharge several times and injured himself on many occasions, but kept going. He went to British jails 10 times for over 3,529 days or almost 10 years. His contribution to India's independence movement is next to Gandhi. No one highlights the fact that while serving in jail, he could not attend his ailing wife and newly born son, both of whom died due to his stay in jail for long sentences.Post independence, as India's PM he was the most popular, the most successful and most competent PM of India till date. He was the father of Industrial Revolution in India and the architect of Modern India. He built dams, schools, colleges and a great democratic framework. He also setup a framework where IIT's, AIIMS, ISRO, IISc, NIT's, NID, NSD, CSIR, IIMs were established, nurtured and developed.In India, recently BJP and RSS have come to power and strangely they don't have any leaders of their own to look up to. So instead of making an effort of raising their own level to that of Nehru, they have started lowering the level of Nehru and bringing it down to their own level.Since they can't find any flaw in his national policies, they try to call him British agent, Western thinker, Catholic Christian, Parsi, Muslim, Anti -Hindu, Anti-Sikh, Anti-India, debauch, womanizer, gay, drunkard, drug addict, chain smoker, beef eater, one who blackmailed Gandhi, killed Bose and ruined Sardar Patel's career, gave Kashmir to China and Pakistan, gave up UNSC seat to support China etc. These are completely false claims, supported by nothing, but morphed photos, fake claims, distorted data, mis-interpretation of facts and figures. There is no evidence of any of these fake stories spreading on social media, whatsapp, youtube and Facebook. None of these claims are even 0.01% true. One can read my other posts to go in detail for facts proving each of these accusations to be completely false and baseless.It is very ironic that those who sided with the British themselves, accuse Nehru of being a British agent, just because he was educated in Cambridge University and spoke good english. It is also ironic, that those Hindus who themselves eat non-veg food regularly, accuse Nehru of being a beef eater. People like Subramanium Swamy whose daughter married a Muslim, accuses Nehru of being a Muslim as his daughter Indira married a Parsi Feroze Ghandy. Illiterate people like Baba Ramdev who never understood Socialism and importance of Swadeshi concept started by Nehru, are now selling Swadeshi products and have build 8000 crores worth business empire and still they accuse Nehru to be a western thinker, despite stealing his idea of Swadeshi. Even more ironical, is that child rapists like Bapu Asharam call Nehru a womanizer, just because he shook hands with foreign women while greating them at an Indian airport. People who accuse Nehru of shaking hands with foreign women, forget that it was S.C. Bose who had married a foreign Christian girl called Emily in Europe. Their fake Hindutva doesn't get affected by this fact. People who portray Bhagat Singh and Bose as devout Hindus, forget that both of them were inclined towards atheism, though Bose was a follower of Swami Vivekanand and a moderate Hindu himself, both Bhagat Singh and Bose were far more extreme leftists than moderate Nehru.The height of absurdity is crossed when fake education degree holders like Smriti Irani, Pokhriyal etc go on to become HRD/Education Ministers in Central government of India and they accuse Cambridge alumnus Nehru to be a criminal. Moreover, terrorism accused and anti-national extremists like Sadhvi Pragya Thakur out on bail, call Nehru a conman. Patanjali Boss and Managing Director Mr. Balakrishna who is a Nepali citizen and 98% owner of the company's shares, openly tweets that Nehru died of AIDS in 1964, despite the fact that AIDS was discovered and clinically reported as a disease only in 1990.People who have never ever been to Kashmir accuse him of giving it up to Pakistan, despite the fact that it was his article 370 which helped India annex Controversial 'Muslim' dominated Kashmir into 'Hindu' dominated 'Secular' India. Moreover, he himself being a Kashmiri Pandit was the only one who made it an integral part of India, while Sardar Patel was least bothered about Kashmir.Sardar Patel is given credit for uniting 565 princely states of India in 1947. He thoroughly deserves the credit, as he was the Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India at that time, reporting directly to and taking instructions from the Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, on all areas of national policy.However we must understand the role of both Nehru and Patel in uniting the 565 states. Since most of the princely states wanted to be independent and tried to avoid being a part of a democracy, it was difficult for Indian National Congress to convince them to join India instead of staying independent or joining Pakistan. INC didn't have any army of its own at that time to exert pressure. Neither would it be feasible for INC to use arms against own countrymen, now would it be advisable, as most of the princely states had their own army, own military equipment and own currency. They were too powerful to be dealt with force and too difficult to negotiate with.Keeping in mind the limitations of INC and the relative strength of the princely states, who covered approximately 48% of the land and comprised of 28% of the population, it seemed an insurmountable task. Therefore the military option was ruled out. The only other option was to negotiate, but they were reluctant to be brought to the negotiating table, unless the INC exerts some sort of power, influence and offer something lucrative in return.Nehru strategically analysed, that though the princely states were tough to negotiate with INC, these princely states were controlled like puppets by the British empire, which was represented in India by then the Viceroy as Lord Mountbatten. So if the INC could some how bring Mountbatten on their side, then the 565 princely states could be brought to the negotiating table easily and later merged with India.Nehru and Menon worked in collaboration with each other to convince Mountbatten to work for a united India, as opposed to the idea of a broken and fragmented India, which was endorsed by former UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill. After being convinced by Nehru and Menon, that a divided India would cause enormous bloodshed, riots and crime against humanity, Lord Mountbatten agreed to help Nehru by going against the wishes of his UK boss, because Mountbatten had already seen enough of war and bloodshed in the World War-2, where he in the capacity of the Supreme Commander in Chief of the UK had defeated Germany’s Hitler and Italian Mussolini.Nehru and Menon also reminded Mountbatten that UK owes a lot to India, especially because more than 200,000 soldiers fighting in the British army were Indians and that Indian National Congress had agreed to support the British, only if the British grant full independence to India, post completion of WW-2.Therefore, visionary and clever Nehru played a master stroke by appointing then the Viceroy of India - Lord Mountbatten as the Governor General of Independent India. Immediately after that, the princely states decided to fall in line to join the Indian territory. The 565 states were split into 3 categories namely large states, medium states and small states, based on their relative size, population and regional influence.Nehru based on his discussion with Sardar, Menon and Mountbatten decided to offer a sort of a ‘joining bonus and annual salary ’ or privy purses to each of the kings and in return they would give up their ruling rights and join the Indian union. They would surrender their currency, their ruling rights and entire military, therefore the privy purses had to be a considerable amount.The trio of Nehru, Sardar and Menon decided that 450 small states would be given a salary of Rs 5000 per annum, while 102 medium states would be given the salary ranging from Rs 1,00,000 to Rs 2,00,000 per annum. 5 large states were given salary ranging from Rs 2,00,000 per annum to Rs 10,00,000 per annum. Only 6 large states namely Hyderabad, Travancore, Baroda, Jaipur, Mysore and Patiala were given salary more than Rs 10,00,000 per annum.On the other hand, Jinnah was trying to lure these kings towards Pakistan by offering business opportunities to them in Railways Karachi port. To further appease the disgruntled Kings, some of the Kings were given ceremonial designations of Governor, while some joined politics, some were offered high positions in the military like Brigadier and Major General. Some of princely states were given construction contracts in Indian Railways, Museums, Ports and Shipping industry.Through out this episode, I do not see any activity, which makes Sardar Patel a bigger hero than Nehru. Nehru being the PM was the chief strategist, Mountbatten was the influencial stakeholder and Sardar /Menon were the people who were just following the orders of their PM by executing the tasks assigned to them. I would rather say, they worked extremely well as a team in those days, only keeping the welfare of the country in their mind.Please don’t fall for fake Nehru- Patel rift controversies created for political purpose.Nehru is often incorrectly blamed for not exploiting military advantage against Pakistan in 1947 -48 war. He has mentioned in his letters, that all efforts should be made to attain peace and avoid wars, because political leaders like him don't die in wars, however thousands of foot solidiers are killed on both sides and millions of family members of deceased soldiers suffer on both sides.He didn't want more Indian soldiers to die in that war against Pakistan, as several thousands had already died and we had already defended the fertile lands of Kashmir very well.More military conflict would have definitely drained out massive resources from India's already bankrupt treasury which we had inherited after 200 years of economic exploitation by the British. Therefore I think that Nehru was extremely wise and prudent to take the issue to the UN and declare a ceasefire as it put an immediate end to war, saving lives of thousands of Indian soldiers and millions of rupees that were now being used for constructive purposes in India like agriculture, roads, water-dams, hospitals, schools, colleges and universities.As for annexing of Kashmir in a peaceful and strategic way lets look at the best practices of top corporate leaders to attract talented people into their organization.As most people are already aware, even today lots of great companies like Amazon, Microsoft and Google give a good 'joining bonus' to attract initially 'reluctant to join' candidates from other organizations, though this leads to 'complaints' from existing employees of these organizations, who are unhappy with the existing pay structure and annual bonus.Kashmir issue of 1947 was pretty much like the same. Both India and Pakistan wanted Kashmir to join them. Muslim dominated Kashmir was naturally more inclined to join a Muslim dominated Pakistan rather than join a Hindu dominated India. As partition was done on the basis of religion there was no way 'Hindu' dominated India could have 'Muslim' dominated Kashmir easily. Nehru established extremely good and trustworthy relationship with Sheikh Abdullah who was a strong Muslim leader of muslim dominated Kashmir. So when Sheikh Abdullah refused to merge Kashmir with Pakistan and spoke openly against Jinnah, he was able to convince entire Kashmiri population to join India. Therefore the people's will was given top most priority and Kashmir willingly merged into Indian union.Lets compare this from a HR strategic talent attraction and retention perspective of a global MNC. In this scenario the CEO of a MNC made an extra effort of giving a lucrative 'joining bonus' to recruit a 'particular candidate' in order to ensure that the 'candidate' doesn't join a 'competitor' organization.Here Nehru was the CEO of India and gave this 'joining bonus' of 'article 370 special provisions to make it lucrative for candidate 'Kashmir' to join India and not join 'competitor' Pakistan.Obviously existing Indian states did get upset initially, just like existing employees of an organization, who feel that new comers are getting better pay than existing ones.After a couple of years this 'one time joining bonus of article 370 ' was tweaked (through New Delhi act of 1950) and most of its provisions 'standardised' at par with rest of the states.Here I would like to give credit to Nehru who proved to be 'Management Guru' ahead of his time, as what he implemented as a leader and practitioner, later on got added to several management books as chapters on HR strategy. Any guesses why Nehru wanted that particular candidate 'Kashmir' to join India, because he himself was a Kashmiri Pandit. In a way you can say, one college alumnus has special preference for recruiting candidates from his own alma matter!!!As for POK, India left it as it is due to potential massive costs, rising burden on treasury, and potential loss of lives of Indian soldiers. Quora wizard Balaji Viswanathan has also supported Nehru’s decision to leave POK, in his posts, after analysing all parameters.Article 370/371 came into Kashmir after mutual agreement of Raja Hari Singh, his Minister Sheikh Abdullah, Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Patel. Over a period of time, article 370 was implemented in 8-9 states of India including North Eastern states, Maharashtra and Gujarat and it still exists there for special castes, tribal and ethnic communities. There is nothing wrong with it in these 9 states, where it works perfectly fine even today, but it has been misunderstood and abused in Kashmir by Pakistan sponsored terrorists, separatists and hard core extremists. This means that Nehru's decision to get article 370 in Kashmir was not a historic blunder as portrayed by social media nowadays. Rather it was confidence building measure initiated by Hindu majority India to peacefully annex Muslim majority Kashmir into India.Despite being under enormous pressure, Nehru ensured that article 370 is a temporary provision and he stated that future PM’s of India would have the full freedom to scrap it /modify it when needed. Therefore, in these circumstances, Nehru would be extremely happy in heaven, if Modi scraps this outdated and obsolete law just like Nehru diluted it in 1950 under the New Delhi Act of 1950. Yes, Nehru, Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi didn't scrap it in their tenure, probably because there was no need to do it at that time. There were no extremists, no terrorists over there and separatists were also ignored by the Kashmiris till 1989. Problem started only in 1989 when Rajiv Gandhi was in opposition and VP Singh was made PM. PM VP Singh appointed Kashmiri leader Mufti Saeed (father of Mehbooba Mufti) as Home Minister who allowed terrorists to infiltrate into Kashmir and promote radical extremism. After Rajiv Gandhi died in 1991, since then the obsolete article 370 has become a shield for extremists in Kashmir to defend themselves. Moreover the liberalization and economic reforms started by Dr. Manmohan Singh gave benefits to the whole of India but Kashmir missed out on that. Therefore I don't think that Nehru can be blamed for abuse of article 370 be Kashmiri extremists, almost 25- 30 years after his death.As for 1962 war, it was Nehru’s firm belief in the principles of Hinduism in particular and in humanity at large, that he offered help to Tibetan refugees (including Dalai Lama) who were killed in millions of numbers in China by Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong was implementing his 'Great Leap forward' strategy at that time and this resulted in deaths of millions of people. Nehru’s decision to help Tibetan refugees in 1959, angered China and it attacked us few years later in 1962. Aksai Chin was never under Indian occupation even for 200+ years earlier even Kashmir was under British rule, we never had it in real life, though we always had it on the map.RSS fondly gives high regard to many Hindu heroes like Prithviraj Chouhan, Raja Ratan Singh(husband of Padmavati), Rana Sanga, Rana Pratap, Shivaji, who lost wars to foreign invaders, but their faith in the principles of humanity in general and in the principles of Hinduism in particular remained rock solid. However the same RSS continues to be suffering from selective memory disorder, when it accuses Nehru for losing the 1962 war. Nehru was a diplomat and global Statesman, not a war trained military general. INC leadership never had any background in military warfare and didn't have any great military equipment either.Yes, he wanted peace with China at all costs, therefore he followed a policy of appeasement with them. This is nothing new to our culture and history. In Satyug, even Lord Shiva avoided direct war and confrontation with demon Bhasmasur at Kailash, only because he wanted to explore all options of peace before asking Lord Vishnu to kill him.Lord Vishnu himself has always said that all efforts should be made to attain peace and avoid wars, because rulers and Kings don't die alone in wars, thousands of solidiers are killed on both sides and millions of family members of deceased soldiers suffer on both sides also.In Tretayug, Lord Ram tried this policy of appeasement with Ravan as well by sending Hanumanji and Angaad as messengers of peace and asking him to return Devi Sita gracefully and respectfully and the war could be avoided.In Dwaparyug, Lord Krishna himself went as messenger of peace to avoid the great Mahabharat war. Lord Krishna even gave a proposal of accepting just 5 small villages for the 5 Pandava brothers and in return Duryodhan could keep the entire Bharatvarsh. Was this not a policy of appeasement to give away a piece of land in return for avoiding large scale military conflict and attaining peace at all costs?Is it not wise to explore all options of peace to avoid war?As a devout Hindu, I don't find anything wrong in Nehru’s policies on China. Moreover he was not a trained military general to fight wars. He was a statesman and a diplomat. Even Sardar Patel in 1950 had pointed out the Chines threat to Nehru, but Patel could not provide a solution to it, probably because there was no solution in the first place, except to keep China happy at all costs and avoid warfare. Both Sardar Patel and Nehru knew from the very beginning that India could not afford a large scale war with a 3 times larger in size neighbouring country like China, so the only way to stay safe was to keep China happy by accepting its annexation of Tibet, signing the Panchsheel agreement, and avoiding discussion on all controversial border issues that could flare things up. This policy of Nehru worked fine for 15 years from 1947-62, so one cannot say that Nehru's foreign policy with Chinese was not successful, rather it was very successful for 15 out of 17 years of his tenure.At that time, Chinese leader Mao who had killed 4-5 crore (40–50 million) people in his own country during his reign had become unpopular and his regime had become extremely unstable at that time. His country was on the verge of a disaster and his own political future was very uncertain. At that time in 1959, when Nehru gave asylum to Dalai Lama on purely humanitarian grounds, this gave Mao a golden opportunity to shift the focus of his govt's inefficiencies to an external country -India shaking hands with a Chinese enemy-Dalai Lama.As Nehru’s friendship with Dalai Lama increased with time, It took Chinese 2-3 years to prepare for the war and assemble their forces in such a large number that they could attack and defeat the Indian army in 1962.Yes we lost the war under Nehru's leadership, and he took the moral responsibility for the failure of the same, however Nehru learnt from his mistakes and invested heavily in military equipment thereafter. Immediately after the 1962 war got over, Nehru doubled the budget for defence forces, quadrupled the military personnel and set nuclear science programs for self defense and military reasons (it was earlier restricted to civil purposes only).Though Nehru died soon after, his recent investment in army (1962–1964) helped India won its two major wars in next few years, against Pakistan in 1964 under Shastri and against China in 1967 under Indira Gandhi. Nehru who had initiated the nuclear science program only for peaceful purposes before the 1962 war, after the loss had now extended it to defence and war purposes as well.Though Nehru's global stature and diplomacy was not good enough to avoid the war, however it was good enough to successfully save the lives of 4000+ Indian soldiers, who were taken as prisoners of war by the Chinese army. After the chinese debacle, India has not yet made any mistake in military affairs , so I give full credit for this to Nehru for learning from his earlier mistakes.Kings and politicians don't fight wars, they only inspire the army. Even if S.C. Bose, Patel or Indira Gandhi would have been PM in 1962, the result of the war would have been the same, because the people who were fighting the war were the same, the machinery and war equipment would have been the same, the geographic location conditions which went against us, would have been the same and more importantly the opposition i.e Chinese army would have remained the same.In wars, you win some, you lose some. No one wins all wars, not even the British Empire, not even the USA and USSR won all the wars they fought. Nehru annexed 14 disputed territories (with Pakistan) into India. He further got Hyderabad, Junagadh and Jammu and Kashmir merged with India. He also won Pondicherry from France and Goa from Portugal. After so many victories, the law of averages took over and we lost a miniscule part of kashmir to China.Cambridge educated Jawaharlal Nehru was a visionary leader who put India on the global map. The seeds of meritocracy sowed by Nehru by creating/constituting institutions like IIT's, AIIMS, IIM's, ISRO, DRDO, India's nuclear and atomic energy program, CSIR(Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) , IISc, NIT's (then REC's), NID (National Institute of Design) , NSD (National School of Drama) , Lalit Kala Academy, Sangeet Natak Academy, Kendriya Vidyalayas, RBI(Reserve Bank of India) , SBI( State Bank of India) , UTI( Unit Trust of India) , LIC( Life Insurance Corporation of India) , ONGC( Oil and Natural Gas Corporation) , NPTI( National Power Training Institute), BHEL (Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited) , SAIL (Steel Authority of India) and many more public sector Enterprises, dams like Bhakra Nangal dam, Hirakud dam etc have put India at the top of the world today, just behind USA and China in almost every parameter that you can think of. Unfortunately, he didn't have time on his side, else he could have done a lot better.Moreover children and grandchildren of Sardar Patel, Lal Bahadur Shastri, S.C.Bose all have happily settled abroad in US, UK, Europe, Canada and Germany and living luxurious lives there. No one asks them for their contribution to India, post independence.Edit2:- Thanks Quorans for 415+ upvotes. Based on popular requests, I shall be adding a section on Nehru’s role in pre and post independence of India.Gandhi and Nehru’s strategic role in pre- independence era :-Gandhi and Nehru knew it very well, that Indians can't defeat a supreme military powered UK (which had established the largest empire in the world spreading across Europe, Asia, Africa, North America and Australia) by arming themselves with wooden lathis and pelting stones and some locally made pistols.UK which had probably the best Airforce, Navy and tanks/missiles in the world could tear part any opposition in any of its colonies. UK also had the support of its Allies including nuclear powered USA, USSR and France.I hope people remember that UK's best ally USA threw an atomic bomb on twin cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. As Nehru had travelled to different countries in the world, he understood global affairs much more than anyone else. This was also one of the major reasons for INC to not support S.C.Bose, when he suggested a military alliance with Japan.If Nehru indeed wanted a military solution, he could have sought help from German hero Hitler and Italian Mussolini, both of whom had invited him personally to meet them, whenever he traveled to Europe.(Source :-Letters from Hitler and Mussolini to Nehru).This also proves that Nehru was a much more accepted global leader representing India at international level than Bose, as these two leaders reached out to meet Nehru and at the same time refused to give appointment to Bose even, when Bose waited outside their office at reception.However Nehru decided to not visit these German and Italian fascists, as they were military dictators with proven past track record of violence, corruption and deceit and all they were interested in was free supply of Indian soldiers against the British, but not in the welfare / independence of the Indian citizens .Nehru knew it before, but Netaji Bose learnt after a long time, that Italy and Germany were least bothered to help Indians get their independence from British. Indian Nationalist Bose tried to convince Hitler for the same on several occasions, however on every occasion, Hitler refused to provide any help to Indians suffering from the British Raj, because there was nothing India could offer him in return. Finally Bose, gave up his efforts to team up with Germany and Italy and focussed on taking help only from Japan.Though Gandhi and Nehru trusted Bose's pure intentions for India's independence, but knew it very well that it just won't work in an extremely complicated political climate pre-World War-2 and requested him to resign from Inc and continue with his efforts separately as the end objective was the same.The victory of UK’s Allies over the Axis in 2nd world War again proved that Nehru's strategic decision making of INC to not seek help from Japan was right, else we could have been nuked as well. This also proves that Nehru was correct in his judgment, when he predicted the victors of the World War 2, much before it actually started, some thing that our beloved Netaji got terribly wrong.It would have been a catastrophic strategic failure for a extremely poor nation like India, if we had gone ahead with S.C.Bose's decision to side with Japan.If we had, indeed gone ahead with S.C.Bose's decision to side with Japan (who were losers of the 2nd world war) we would have been bombarded terribly. Imagine British and their allies using their powerful airforce for bombarding Indian cities like they bombarded Germany, Hiroshima and Nakasaki among others.I ask all Netaji supporters to ask this question to their heart and answer honestly, Could we Indians as a country of poor farmers and some laborers have fought these technologically superior military aircrafts with pelting stones, hand made local pistols n lathis made of bamboo ? Probably No.It is not that Indians didn't have a good army and military means. We did have very good military warfare and brave soldiers, but beyond the access of the common citizens. However most of Indian soldiers were either directly serving the British Army as separate regional regiments in Punjab, Bengal, Calcutt, Bombay etc or indirectly serving the puppet Kings/Maharajas who were serving the British Raj directly.Gandhi and Nehru were well read in global affairs as well as Indian culture and history. They knew that most of the 500 +Indian Maharajas and their dynasties, who had reasonably good armies, had already sided with the British post the revolt of 1857. The British had bribed the Maharajas all over India to act in the favor of the British East Indian Company /British Raj. That is the reason, why none of these 500+ Rajas and their massive armies revolted or fought against the British for the next 90 years from 1857–1947.Realizing that the comman man was being exploited and made to suffer by their very own Indian Kings in collaboration with the British, Gandhi and Nehru decided that military option against British was ruled out.Even if Indian citizens resorted to military route and fought against the British government, just think who would fight against whom? Indians were on both sides.For. Eg. 95% of British government soldiers spread across various regional regiments were of Indian orgin only, which means that Indian citizens would have ended up killing Indian soldiers only, which would have further divided the already fragmented and battered country. Moreover Maharajas would have used their social political influence to crush the common man's desire to be independent.Thus Gandhi and Nehru decided to defeat the british in their own game by using the British law against its govt.All these years, the British had been claiming themselves to be ‘messiah of peace and democracy’ while criticizing Indians and other European countries of monarchy, military dictatorship, cruelty etc and preaching the ‘so called good and civilised’ things British were teaching un-civilised Indians. These double standards by the British gave an opportunity for British educated Indians like Gandhi, Nehru, Sardar Patel and INC leaders to argue with the British on its constitutional policies and human rights. Being born and brought up in India, they knew the tyranny of the British Raj, the immense suffering it caused to the common man and on the other hand being educated in law from top British universities, they could argue on legal grounds.Therefore Gandhi and Nehru agitated within the framework of the British law in such a way that they got great crowd support and also they did not resort to any violence. They went door to door and awakened the masses across different regions, geographies, religions, caste and social, political and cultural barriers and then merged them into the soul of one nation in principle. He gave them the concept of One Nation ‘Akhand Bharat’:-One for all and all for One.Once the erstwhile divided 33 crore people were united as one nation with one belief, Gandhi was a big force to reckon with as he could influence their behaviors and actions to such a great level that made the existing governance of Maharajas /Kings and British Raj ineffective.Then they did strategic planning to do non-cooperation, they believed in ahimsa (non-violence), and finally forced the British government to come to the negotiating table. Gandhi and Nehru understood that breaking of the salt law (Dandi March), boycott of British manufactured cotton clothes, promotion of Swadeshi products would harm the British economy a lot more than a large scale military attack against them. Dandi March was a big success and reduced Britain's revenue from India by 6 percent. Major economic blockages by India like Cotton, wood, spices, handicrafts, steel and other raw materials reduced Britain's revenue from India by another 32 %. Overall more than 40% of Britain's revenue coming from India was reduced and it brought them to the negotiating table.Therefore they broke the economic back bone on the British Empire without even making them realize it.Nehru spent 9 terms in jail, each visit was full of suffering and crying. He hardly got an opportunity to meet his ailing wife (who died at age of 36), old father and young daughter. Even today white collar criminals are put in different jails than murderers and rapists.Nehru spent 9 terms in jail spanning 3,259 days (almost 10 years) which is the maximum for any Indian freedom fighter. He has mentioned in his 200 letters to his family that he utilises his time in reading books and writing books.Rather than wasting time in cursing the British (like most Indians did) he used this time to make new strategies in countering the next move of the British.Moreover the Headquarters of Indian National Congress at Anand Bhavan which was worth lakhs of rupees even 120 years ago (now worth 100 crores) , was earlier the personal home of Nehru, which he donated generously to the Indian Congress party as it had no money of it's own to setup an office (as the entire nation and its people were mostly bankrupt). So in way he used his personal wealth to sponsor the start-up ‘Poorna Swaraj’ or independence movement of India .Not only that, all official trips of the INC leadership within India as well as abroad were sponsored by Nehru himself.Post independence, Nehru initiated 5 year plans for faster progress of the country. The first Five Year Plan emphasised on Agriculture for which major river valley projects like Bhakra Nangal, Damodar, Mahanadi and Tunga Bhadra were undertaken increasing both irrigation and hydro power electric supply. These dams were to ensure waters reaches the farmlands.During first Plan period (1951–56) there was low inflation and agricultural productivity increased manifold.Land tenure system was rationalised and Zamindari system was abolished. However, land reform measures didn't continue in most of the states and land was not restored to the tiller in most of the states except in West Bengal during Communist rule.During the second Five Year Plan (1956–61), the emphasis shifted from agriculture to industry when heavy industries were set up in the public sector and major steel plants were established in Bhillai, Bokaro, Durgapur and Rourkela.It also created new urban areas which would have taken a long time without government intervention. In private sector there were few industries in the hands of Tatas, Birlas and Dalmias. The 3rd five year plan focused on science and technology institutions.Overall, I think that regarding the freedom seeking independence movement of India, Gandhi was the soul, Nehru was the brain which took strategic decisions , Bose was the heart where passions and emotions originated and Sardar Patel was the strong and robust body. Let's not fall into the trap of petty and shrewd politicians who have made a career for themselves by baseless criticism of legendary figures. If I have to compare Nehru with a great leader of the glorious past of India, then I would compare him only with the likes of Emperor Ashoka and Emperor Akbar.I often wondered if Nehru would be born again in today's communal, caste based, corrupt political climate where would he stand? What would he do? Who would reply back to Modi’s abuses?Recently Kejriwal declared that India was fortunate to have Nehru as its first PM and architect of modern India who built laid the foundation of science, technology and industry in India. Kejriwal also said that India without Nehru would have been in a pitiable situation.I see AAP leader and Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal as an equally secular, honest, socialist, democratic, patriotic, nationalist, hardworking, visionary and well read as Nehru (maybe Kejriwal is a reincarnation of Nehru himself as Nehru died in 1964 and Kejriwal was born few years later in 1968, after all the theory of reincarnation of souls, is not new in Hinduism). During interviews in 1960’s, Nehru often said that he should be remembered as ‘Pratham Sewak’ or first servant of India and not first Prime Minister of India. Nehru further added that if he were to be reborn, he would like to serve India again and would like to be educated at IIT and join IAS rather than join US based MNC. It could well be pay back time for Kejriwal to be rewarded for his past good karma to join prestigious institutions like IIT, IAS and work as CM in the Government of Delhi - all the institutions which he created, nurtured and cared for as Nehru in his previous birth? ). Nehru had created IIT’s so that its alumni serve the country and in Kejriwal he is doing exactly the same.Both Nehru and Kejriwal see infrastructure projects like Bhakra Nangal Dam and Signature bride of Delhi as temples of Modern India. Both are extremely popular among the masses and draw huge crowds. Both want govt to spend huge amounts of money being spent on education and public health care rather than on temples and mosques. Both don't keep any VIP security and are approachable to the masses to an extent that people can even hug them or hit them. Both hate crony capitalism and consider ‘profit’ as a dirty word, if it is achieved unethically after exploitation of the common man.Modi is chasing Nehru, and Kejriwal is chasing Modi, is it payback Karma ? Could it well be the return of Nehru ?Edit4:- Based on multiple requests that I have received to write more on Nehru, I shall add more text here, If you are tired of reading and want to stop reading, you can stop here. I have brought my post to a logical conclusion. For voracious readers, pls continue to read below. Thanks to Dr. K. L. Raina for his inputs shared over mail.Post independence Era, Nehru and his vision for Science, Technology and Education:-Science occupied a central place in Pt Jawaharlal Nehru's vision of good society. As a scholar at Cambridge, he had acquired a sensitive understanding of the intellectual matrix of science and this understanding became deeper through extensive reading of socialist literature.In many ways Pt Nehru was the greatest man of our age. His name and fame will resound throughout the world in the ages to come. His love of science was only one facet of his complex, many sided, mysterious personality, yet his depth of understanding of science was perhaps unique among world leaders. He said, "The future belongs to science and to those who make friends with science".Science for Pt Nehru was more than just a conglomeration of disciplines dealing with the development of material resources. He was concerned with, what he described as a scientific temper which enables man to look upon himself, upon society and upon the problems facing mankind with an intellectual vigor, which combines sympathy with objectivity. To him science is an effective agent to bring social and economic transformation. It doesn't solve man's present day problems but also governs the future course of civilization also.Pt. Nehru often referred to the paradox of India being a rich country inhabited by poor and starving people and asked, "Why are we unable to convert our natural endowments into wealth meaningful to our people?" And the question was answered in the book 'Discovery of India' in these words: "It is science alone that could solve the problems of hunger and poverty, of insanitation and illiteracy, of superstition and decaying customs and tradition".After our country achieved independence his gaze was on development since he wanted to concretize his vision on new India. As Prime Minister he wanted India to develop along modern lines and make rapid strides lest it should be left behind in the competitive world so he looked upon science and technology as the levers for this purpose and for raising the living standards of masses.In 1950 Planning Commission was set up to devise strategy of rapid economic growth as well as of the reduction in economic disparities. Heavy industries, Machine tool factories, fertilizer plants, shipping and aeronautical industries came up with amazing speed. Towns and cities started cropping up at places which had known no habitation at all. The entire rural India was connected through a network of village development blocks and community projects.During British period emphasis on Indian science and technology was directed towards meeting the needs and requirements of the then Government for increasing trade communication and defenses. This resulted in several important advances such as the first scientific survey of the country and a network of meteorological stations, the buildings of canals and railway system. Several academic institutions were created.The end of 19th century and the first 50 yrs. of 20th century produced some of the ablest scientist the country has known and this period is recognized as the Renaissance of science for India.Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar(1894-1955) an outstanding chemist in his own right, worked very closely with Pt Nehru and founded the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) with a chain of National Laboratories.In the later period, another person who made the greatest impact on Indian Science was Dr Homi Bhabha, the father of India's Nuclear Program. He was instrumental in establishing the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and the Atomic Energy Establishment which was later named after him.Dr Vikram Sarabhai was another scientist of physics background whose efforts yielded in the establishment of Space Research Organization (ISRO) and IIM's. However, it was only after the independence and through the vision of Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru that science and technology were developed as a major force for accelerating for social and economic change.Nehru's involvement in the promotion of scientific activities in India was of several folds. On the eve of independence he constituted a scientific manpower committee along the lines of a similar committee of England.From 1947 to 1950 in addition to being Prime Minister, he was the Minister-in-charge of scientific Research. In this capacity and even otherwise his fervent and convincing advocacy of the importance of science on motions to grant funds punctuated the parliamentary debates and lent luster and freshness to the quite often dull deliberations, presenting and defending the budget demands for scientific research he was not tired of reminding of his colleagues, the fundamental impact of science on the modern world and its implications for the Indian science.He laid the foundation for the establishment of a chain of national laboratories and continued as the chairman of the Governing Council of Scientific and Industrial Research until his death. From the time the Department of Atomic Energy was created, it remained directly under his charge as Prime Minister. He was elected President of Indian Science Congress Association in 1942 and again in 1947. Since that time he attended its annual sessions regularly.1n 1950, three laboratories, namely the National Physical Laboratory in New Delhi, the National Chemical Laboratory in Poona and Central Technical Research Institute in Mysore were established. Pt. Nehru diverted his attention to the villagers in 1952 in a new effort to galvanize the national economy. He gave a call that "Everything can wait but not agriculture". This statement became a landmark in the history of India for the formulation of future policies towards agricultural development.It was for the first time that Government of India showed determination to tackle major rural problems. Research institutes on crops, animals, fisheries and other related sciences were started. Agricultural Universities, colleges and research institutes were sprung up in every part of the country. It was the vision of Pt Nehru that gave us the "Green Revolution" and placed our country on strong footing to take up any challenge on the food requirements of one billion people by the turn of 20th century.Today, India can be proud of having the third largest manpower in the field of science and technology because of the structure which Pt Nehru laid down for higher education in fifties. It was the N.R.Sarkar Committee which reported in 1946 with regard to the post war landscape of technical education that led to the founding of an innovative technological institute at Kharagpur, afterwards it was raised to level of an institute of technology.Within four years, four others IIT's were established on the same pattern. This coincided in its own way with Pt. Nehru's vision of future India in which science and technology would play a considerable role in the development of the country. From the day these technical institutes were established, it was visualized that these institutes would compete with the best of the kind in the world. The model taken was from that from MIT at Boston. US helped directly for the establishment of MIT like IIT at Kanpur and Delhi. Russian and German influence was strong in Bombay and Madras IITs. All these institutes were developed in fifties.The mineral raw materials constitute the backbone of industrial production. It was Pt Nehru's time that mineral exploration and mining development was given the pride of the place and its exploration made India totally self sufficient in the filed of planning, engineering and construction of mines.Presently India is in a position to extend technical know-how in setting up, integrating and mining steel plants to other countries. The credit for all this goes to Jawaharlal Nehru, whose vision is being transmitted into reality. India's atomic energy program owns its beginning and development to the encouragement that Nehru gave during 17 years of his Prime Ministership.The creation of the Department of Atomic Energy in 1954 as an independent Ministry with Pt Nehru as its in charge was a radical departure from the normal methodologies of the working of the Government Ministries. It was Pt. Nehru who started the space Program in 1963 and its first centre at Thumba started functioning.Later on India undertook many complex projects and accomplished them. As President of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, on 23rd May 1964, Pt Nehru approved for the setting of National Laboratory devoted to the study of the Ocean. This decision led to the establishment of the National Institute of Oceanography and Research soon after his death.Pt. Nehru had strong scientific temper which dispels difference between myths and logics. From the foregoing account it is ample clear that our impressive achievements in the field of science and technology during the post independence period own a great deal to the interest, support and patronage of Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru.Unfortunately,certain extremist groups within BJP and RSS have stooped to a new low, something never seen before in Indian history. They still live in the past, and don't want to do anything in present to make a better future. They continue to spread stories that Mahabharat character Ashwathama is still alive, if that wasn't enough, now they say that S.C.Bose is still alive. It seems that spreading fake stories is the forte of some people.Some people are just too jealous of Nehru's success and seem to dislike him for that. It all depends on PM Modi now, if he continues to get driven by RSS agenda (instead of Niti Aayog agenda) and loses track of development, he may do gross injustice to the people of his country. Rather he should focus on implementation of policies initiated by Niti Aayog.Edit5:- Today in winter of 2018, Modi and BJP are hell bent on chasing and erasing Nehru’s legacy and destroying the constitutional framework setup by him. Nehru is no more so BJP can abuse him as much as they want, as they know he will not return from the ashes to answer back. In today's Era, I do not see any one in Congress even worthy of comparison with the likes of Nehru.Edit6 :- This answer was collapsed recently by Quora, as it was reported by huge number of trolls from a particular party. I hope it is reinstated as the people of this country have a right to know the truth and stay away from fake propoganda done by paid trolls of a particular party.Edit 7:-I don't want to get political. Deeply saddened by the extremely low level politics done by Modi and BJP. Not only Quora, but Facebook, youtube, whatsapp and entire social media is filled up with such disgusting things. Now BJP has made this tool of disgusting and derogatory language the new normal. The BJP always thinks that those male politicians who have potential and perform better than Modi are all rapists, womanizer and children of Muslim terrorists be it Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Nehru or even new comer Arvind Kejriwal, and if the political candidate performing better than BJP is a lady, then she must be a sex worker /prostitute, be it Indira Gandhi or Atishi Marleen a of AAP. This is the unfortunate truth of BJP in 2019.Edit 8:-Blaming Nehru for all of India’s current problems has become a fashion in last few years. It seems completely illogical and absurd to me. Afterall, a person has to be evaluated, based on the appropriate context of his era, not on what is happening 70 - 80 years after his death. Blaming Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi for today's problem is like blaming Sunil Gavaskar and Kapil Dev for India’s poor performance and loss to NZ in World Cup 2019 semi final. Just like Legendary players like Gavaskar and Kapil Dev should not be abused for poor performance of Kohli and Sharma, similarly Nehru and Gandhi should not be blamed for current problems of India. Therefore It is only the current leadership to be blamed. We should stop living in the past and live in the present while planning for the future.Edit 9:-I visited my alma matter on 22nd December 2019 to attend the Alumni event. Till 5 years ago there was a stone kept in the IIT Delhi Main building where it was written /carved out the following text ‘IIT Delhi foundation stone inaugurated by first PM of Independent India Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru in year 1960’ and I was disappointed to see that it is now destroyed / removed. Then I quickly went to IIT Delhi administration and inquired about it. They told me that this happened recently after Modi came to power in 2014 and even the IIT Delhi website which a contained a section on ‘History of IIT ‘s’ and ‘Nehru's vision for science and technology’ and his role in setting up IIT’s has also been removed based on instructions received from MHRD. Very disappointed to see this.