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Usually this doesn’t happen.However, there are exceptionally rare cases when it does happen, most commonly with hybridization (more often among plants but also among animals). For instance, several species of (parthenogenetic) lizards originated when diploid (sexually reproducing) species hybridized to create a triploid parthenogenetic species. They are by definition reproductively isolated and thus are “species”.Several species in the genera Cnemidophorus and Darevskia were “created” that way, e.g. C. cryptus Cole & Dessauer 1993 is a diploid clonal parthenogen of hybrid origin.Details: Cole C J; Dessauer H C 1993 Unisexual and bisexual whiptail lizards of the Cnemidophorus lemniscatus complex (Squamata: Teiidae) of the Guiana Region, South America, with descriptions of new species. American Museum Novitates 3081: 1-30

Originally written on Oct.27, 2018. Edited on Feb.3, 2019 for the reason given in the end.It is neither undergoing any revolution nor there is any need for it.I wrote as to what is needed in an answer 3 days back. (Link is ——RK Sharma (आर के शर्मा)'s answer to What do you think of the Yale professor who wrote in a Wall Street Journal op-ed that those on the left who are proud of their unconditional hatred of President Trump actually truly hate the average American? I am reproducing a part of the same, with some changes, below : If it can be heeded then things can become much better.——QUOTE——The real matter involved for the consideration of all Americans, ALWAYS, is to fix a little derailment due to long running democracy with the right of freedom of speech.Always remember that USA is a great country and its people are great. It had great founding fathers and thus has a great constitution. So, what ails ? I have studied the matter deeply. The inference of my study is that many Americans, being free persons as they are, have taken this freedom too far, beyond the written & implied boundaries of constitution. For this, no big corrective action is required. ONLY A PROPER THINKING IS NEEDED BY THOSE (especially the political leaders) WHO MAY NOT HAVE IT, TO CORRECT THE LITTLE DERAILMENT WHICH HAS TAKEN PLACE.SOLUTION—Let us not show disrespect to the constitution. Respect and follow the written and implied existing and amended provisions all the time. Keep on following the proposed amendment till the last moment even when it is about to be passed by the congress.The above is to be done at mental level and the same will take care of the actions.HOW WILL THE ABOVE THINKING HELP ? —-It will result in the following :1)—Voters deciding in every election, as per own judgement, as to whom to vote.2)—Canvassing, by anyone, for the preferred candidate, without indulging in any dirtiness.3)—Voters, candidates and political parties respecting and accepting the result of election.4)—All candidates and political parties suspending their "election attacks" on each other, after the result, for at least half the tenure period of elected office.5)—Winner & his party, sincerely trying to implement his election promises; and the loser & his party, extending a helping hand in it , considering it to be his solemn duty, as per the spirit of the constitution and to respect the mandate of the people, but if needed, speaking out from time to time that his policies are different and he will put up the same in next election.5-A)—HOW TO IMPLEMENT—-Very simple. Let 8–10 politicians and social workers meet informally (I am ready to volunteer) and discuss this issue. I am sure they will like it. Then, let 40–50 meet formally and decide the line of action and then involve the masses.5-B)—GREAT POSITIVE GAINS—When above happens, a great gain would be a better understanding among political parties which would result in joint finalization of long term infrastructures, health care schemes, education system, military matters, space program etc. which would be honored by successive administrations. Another good fall out would be less need of compaign funds by the political parties, whose about 50% goes in unhealthy ads., which attack the other on even wrong/false grounds. Thus, they will not be after the people & supporters all the time to contribute.6)—All media sources to evolve own code of conduct and implement the same for fairness in covering election matters with effect from 6 months before the election date till the results are out. They must stop running their own agenda and should find out some other interesting subjects to draw people's attraction/attention.So, above is what is needed at mental level in which politicians and ordinary persons are involved. No great man or thinker or saint or religion is needed for it. Media sources have also to do a little, which they can certainly do. Things do improve when all stake holders put their share of right efforts and thus we get what we deserve.——UNQUOTE—-So, let us do our bit for keeping USA as good and strong as it has been. My Best Wishes.——EDIT ON FEB. 3, 2019 (answer was written on Oct 27, 2018. But, today, I read a great comment by Ms Anna Hag. Edit is to bring this comment on the main page. I wish that this is read by all Quorans. It is an eye opener)——Comments of Ms Anna Hag———Anna Hag1h ago (Feb. 3, 7:30 AM : USET)USA meets 90% of Karl Marx's demands and definitely has its own own socialist path. However the most important not to go too far with such dangerous ideas. That is how 10 planks of communist manifesto of Karl Marx practiced in USA today and this is how marxist America finances her enormous military complex:1. Abolition of private property in land and application of all rents of land to public purpose.This is where eminent domain comes into the picture and property taxes. Once you own your property outright by paying off your mortgage, you still don’t technically own it because the government could jack up property taxes so high that it makes it unaffordable to remain.2. A heavy progressive or graduated income tax.Marginal tax rates increasing as income goes up IS a graduated income tax. This is in opposition to a more fair tax like a national sales tax or flat tax where a person is not taxed at a higher rate the more income they earn.3. Abolition of all rights of inheritance.In the U.S. these can be seen as estate taxes (i.e. the death tax).4. Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels.This is nothing more than government seizures, IRS property confiscation and the 1997 Crime/Terrorist bill which calls for the imprisonment of terrorists (not such a bad thing), but also for those who speak out against the government. Your LIFE is the most valuable property you have, but the government has the right to take it away because of things that you may say. Consider Senate Bill 3081, the “Enemy Belligerent, Interrogation, Detention, and Prosecution Act of 2010,” co-sponsored by Sens. John McCain and Joe Lieberman. The following is actual text from the bill that explains what a belligerent may be and the reasons they can be detained without due process: “(A) The potential threat the individual poses for an attack on civilians or civilian facilities within the United States or upon United States citizens or United States civilian facilities abroad at the time of capture or when coming under the custody or control of the United States… (B) The potential threat the individual poses to United States military personnel or United States military facilities at the time of capture or when coming under the custody or control of the United States…. (C) The potential intelligence value of the individual… (D) Membership in al-Qaida or in a terrorist group affiliated with al-Qaida… (E) Such other matters as the president considers appropriate. . .” [THIS IS WHERE THERE IS A MAJOR, MAJOR PROBLEM] This is very subjective and could include a multitude of things – even just disagreements on policy!5. Centralization of credit in the hands of the state, by means of a national bank with state capital and an exclusive monopoly.This is an easy one. The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 created the Federal Reserve, and now the government owns many of the country’s largest banks via bailout money. Government control of private industry is just a polite way of saying FASCISM!!!!6. Centralization of the means of communication and transportation in the hands of the state.The FAA, FCC, and the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) are all government entities that propose to regulate how we travel and what is said. There is nothing particularly disturbing about this now, but what about in the future? Could the government shut down communication or transportation for various people groups? Yes, they could pretty much do whatever they want. There is no competition here. There is no free market private entity as a choice. I thought the government made monopolies illegal? Oh, that’s right they did, except for where they have a monopoly.7. Extension of factories and instruments of production owned by the state; the bringing into cultivation of waste lands, and the improvement of the soil generally in accordance with a common plan.Recent events have made this one very disturbing. On June 9, 2011 President Obama signed into law Executive Order 13575 in which the intent is to seize greater power over “food, fiber, and energy.” A great article explaining this was written by Raven Clabough and posted on the New American website.8. Equal obligation of all to work and the establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture.Because of high inflation and higher taxes our society has been thrust into a dual income family at the minimum. In many instances both husband and wife have multiple jobs.9. Combination of agriculture with manufacturing industries; gradual abolition of the distinction between town and country by a more equable distribution of the population over the country.I am not qualified to answer this question, as I don’t really know of any combination of the two industries. In fact it seems what we have in this country is opposite as there seems to be a corralling of people into the urban areas. However, Executive Order 13575 mentioned in Plank 7 may be related to this.10. Free education for all children in government schools and abolition of children’s factory labor in its present form – combination of education with industrial production, etc.The public school system and the department of education indoctrinate our kids into the agenda that the federal government wants for our children. Both the national department of education and the state level departments of education adhere to an outcome based education model where excellence in not rewarded and lackluster performance is not dealt with in the proper manner so kids don’t get their feelings hurt. The whole standard of “equalization” is drilled into our kids’ heads through the public school system so by the time they graduate they are “socialized.”Checklist: America meets 90% of Karl Marx's demands - WNDThe Communist Manifesto - Wikipedia———————-THE END——————-ABOVE COMMENTS OF Ms Anna need to be read by all and mulled over. Let us give our feedback to our elected representatives, especially Congressmen. My Best Wishes.

Delhi features a number of fortifications and fortified structures.Some of these are as follows:Red Fort Complex, containing the older Salimgarh, itself surrounded by walls of Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi)Old FortFeroz Shah Kotla (ruins)Tughlaqabad Fort (ruins)Siri Fort (ruins)Qila Rai Pithora (ruins)Qila-e-Mubarak (Blessed Fort) a.k.a. Lal Quila (Red Fort)[1]Located in Old Delhi, it was the primary residence of many Mughal emperors, and is now the location of Tricolour hoisting on Independence Day. It is officially known as Red Fort Complex. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.The fort complex was commission during the reign of Shahabuddin Muhammad Khurram (Shah Jahan) in 1638, its architect being Ahmad Lahori.It lies near Yamuna, that fed its moats. It is asymmetrical in shape to contain the older Salimgarh (Salim’s fort)[2] . The fortress-palace was a focal point of the medieval city of Shahjahanabad. Red Fort has an area of 254.67 acres enclosed by 2.41 km of defensive walls, punctuated by turrets and bastions and varying in height from 18m on the river side to 33m on the city side. The fort is octagonal, with the north-south axis longer than the east-west axis.→ Lahori Gate[3], the fort’s main gate — the Independence Day speech and Tricolour hoisting by the Prime Minister is performed on this gate. It is so named since it faces Lahore, Pakistan. [Source: File:Lahori Gate with Ramparts - Red Fort - Delhi 2014-05-13 3126.JPG - Wikipedia]→ Delhi Gate (Dili darwaza)[4] is the secondary gate of the fort [Source: File:Red Fort in Delhi 03-2016 img1.jpg - Wikipedia]→ Panoramic view of the imperial enclosure. From left: Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque), bath house, Divan-i-Khas (Hall of private audience), Khas Mahal and Rang Mahal [Source: File:Red Fort courtyard buildings.jpg - Wikipedia]→ Salimgarh:Entrance gate [Source: File:Entry to salimgarh Fort.JPG - Wikipedia]Arched way connecting it to Red Fort [Source: File:The Arch Bridge that links Red Fort with Salimgarh Fort.JPG - Wikipedia]Shahjahanabad a.k.a Purani Dilli (Old Delhi)[5]Shahjahanabad was a walled city, the 7th of the medieval cities of Delhi, and was built by Shahabuddin Muhammad Khurram in 1649 like a fortress encircled by strong and high red–brick walls with 14 entry gates. The construction of the city was completed in 1648, and it remained the capital of Mughal Empire until its fall in 1857. It was built like a quarter circle with Red Fort as the focal point. The surrounding walls, 3.7m wide and 7.9m tall, originally of mud, were replaced by red stone in 1657. The walls have now largely disappeared, but most of the gates are still present.→ Kashmiri Gate[6] — so named since it was at the start of a road leading to Kashmir [Source: File:Kashmere Gate Entrance view.jpg - Wikipedia]→ Delhi Gate[7] [Source: File:Delhi Gate.JPG - Wikipedia]→ Ajmeri Gate [Source: File:View of Ajmeri gate.JPG - Wikipedia]→ Turkman Gate [Source: File:Turkman gate view.JPG - Wikipedia]Shergarh a.k.a Purana Qila (Old Fort)[8]Having been inhabited since at least 2500 years, the site of Old Fort has yielded artifacts of pre-Mauryan era. Old Fort itself is one of the oldest forts in Delhi, its construction starting during the reign of Nasiruddin Muhammad (Humayun) and continuing during the reign of Farid Khan (Sher Shah Suri).→ The fort and lake — boating is available in the lake [Source: File:Purana Qila ramparts, Delhi.jpg - Wikipedia]→ Gates:West Gate (Bara Darwaza) and its bastion [Source: File:West Gate.jpg - Wikipedia]North Gate (Talaqi Darwaza) [Source: File:North Gate, or Talaqi Darwaza.jpg - Wikipedia]South Gate [Source: File:South Gate1.jpg - Wikipedia]→ Museum in the fort [Source: File:Gallery - Archaeological Museum - Old Fort - New Delhi 2014-05-13 3081.JPG - Wikipedia]Sher Shah Gate a.k.a Lal Darwaza (Red Gate):Not part of Purana Qila, but forming the entrance to the city founded by Sher Shah Suri, it is a 2-storied structure mostly built with red sandstone but with use of local grey quartzite in its upper storey.→ Source: File:Lal Darwaza.jpg - WikipediaKabuli Darwaza (Kabul Gate) a.k.a Khooni Darwaza (Bloodied Gate):[9]Another entrance of Shar Shah Suri’s city, the gate is known by its alternate name due to numerous executions and killings taking place around it. It was built largely with grey stone but red stones were also used in the frames of its windows.Feroz Shah Kotla[10]Feroz Shah Kotla is ruined fortress built by Feroz Shah Tughlaq[11] to house his city Ferozabad.Topra Ashokan Pillar[12] (dating to 3rd century BCE), originally erected and located in Haryana was moved here on Feroz Shah’s orders. The fort complex also houses Jami Masjid (Mosque), a stepwell and a large garden complex.→ Feroz Shah Kotla Panorama, with Ashokan Pillar (left) and Jami Masjid (right) [Source: File:Ferozabad Panorama.jpg - Wikipedia]Tughlaqabad Fort[13]Tughlaqabad Fort is a ruined fort constructed by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq I[14] as part of the 3rd medieval city of Delhi - Tughlaqabad. The sloping rubble-filled city walls, a typical feature of monuments of Tughlaq dynasty, are 10-15m high, topped by battlemented parapets and strengthened by circular bastions of up to 2 stories height. The city is supposed to once have had as many as 52 gates of which only 13 remain today. The fortified city contained 7 rainwater tanks.→ Panoramic view of the massive bastions of Tughlaqabad Fort [Source: File:Tuglagbad Fort Panorama.jpg - Wikipedia]Siri Fort[15]Siri Fort is a ruined fort built by Alauddin Khilji as the 2nd medieval city of Delhi, the construction starting in 1303 CE. The city was built with an oval plan with palaces and other structures. There were 7 gates for entry and exit, but at present only the south-eastern gate exists.→ Source: File:Siri Fort wall and Tohfe Wala Gumbad dome.jpg - WikipediaQila Rai Pithora (Rai Pithora’s Fort)[16]Popular tradition credits this fort’s construction to Prithviraj Chauhan III in 12th century CE, known to Persians as Rai Pithora, hence the name, as taken from Ain-i-Akbari by Abu’l Fazl.The fort is located near Qutb Minar Complex and Mehrauli Archaeological park.→ Source: File:Outer Wall of Lal kot and Rai Pithora.jpg - WikipediaGates of Delhi - WikipediaList of forts in India - WikipediaFootnotes[1] Red Fort - Wikipedia[2] Salimgarh Fort - Wikipedia[3] Lahori Gate, Delhi - Wikipedia[4] Delhi Gate (Red Fort) - Wikipedia[5] Old Delhi - Wikipedia[6] Kashmiri Gate, Delhi - Wikipedia[7] Delhi Gate, Delhi - Wikipedia[8] Purana Qila - Wikipedia[9] Khooni Darwaza - Wikipedia[10] Feroz Shah Kotla - Wikipedia[11] Firuz Shah Tughlaq - Wikipedia[12] Topra Kalan - Wikipedia[13] Tughlaqabad Fort - Wikipedia[14] Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq - Wikipedia[15] Siri Fort - Wikipedia[16] Qila Rai Pithora - Wikipedia