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Who is/was the most badass Indian politician of all time?
Currently,my list tops Narendra Modi,the prime minister of India.He has a vision of beautiful bright India.Narendra Damodardas ModiModi, a leader of the Bhartiya Janata Party was the CM of Gujrat from 2001 to 2014 and is the Member of Parliament. He led the BJP in the 2014 general election, which gave the party a majority in the LS, the first for any political party in India since 1984.As the Chief Minister of Gujrat, Modi's economic policies were praised,while his administration was also criticised for failing to significantly improve the human development in the state, and for failing to prevent the 2002 gujrat riots.Narendra Modi has restored the primacy of the Prime Minister’s Office in the government. But now the very people who had decried its emasculation under Manmohan Singh are saying that he has emasculated his ministers and their ministries.Then there are those who say that Modi has no vision, no grand policy, no broad canvas on which he will paint his masterpieces, and I must confess I am one of them. But we all forget that we accused the United Progressive Alliance, of having only grand visions -- the whole rights -- and-entitlements-based approach -- but no idea of how to get it done.Likewise, people used to say that the UPA ministers were prone to shooting off their mouths. I know of one finance secretary who told his minister not to be a motormouth and was firmly overruled. These people forget that, from late 2011 onwards, the UPA government was following a deliberate policy of someone or the other, from the government or the party, saying something atrocious everyday so that the attention of TV news would be diverted from the scams.Campaigns started by Modi-1)Swachh Bharat AbhiyanOn October 2, 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, a mission to clean India’s cities and villages.The campaign, inaugurated to coincide with Gandhi Jayanti, aims to realise its vision of ‘Clean India’ by October 2, 2019, the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.In the months after it was launched, the campaign gained momentum with many celebrities, politicians and academic institutions organising cleanliness drives across the country.As a reminder of how seriously his government takes this mission, the prime minister brought up the issue during his Independence Day speech as well, talking about inadequate number of toilets .A total of 31.83 lakh toilets were built between April 2014 and January 2015 under this campaign, which is 25.4% of the target for 2014-15. Over the next 5 years, the government plans to invest nearly Rs 2 lakh crore to construct 12 crore toilets across India.2)Make In IndiaPrime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Make in India program on 25 September 2014 in a function at the Vigyan BhavanOn 29 December 2014, a workshop was organised by the Department of IPP which was attended by PM Modi, his cabinet ministers and chief secretaries of states as well as various industry leaders.The major objective behind the initiative is to focus on job creation and skill enhancement in 25 sectors of the economy.The initiative also aims at high quality standards and minimising the impact on the environment.The initiative hopes to attract capital and technological investment in India.Under the initiative, brochures on the 25 sectors and a web portal were released. Before the initiative was launched, foreign equity caps in various sectors had been relaxed. The application for licences was made available online and the validity of licences was increased to three years. Various other norms and procedures were also relaxed.In August 2014, the COI allowed 49% (FDI) in the defence sector and 100% in railway infrastructure. The defence sector previously allowed 26% FDI and FDI was not allowed in railways. This was in hope of bringing down the military imports of India. Earlier, one Indian company would have held the 51% stake, this was changed so that multiple companies could hold the 51%.Between September 2014 and November 2015, the government received ₹1.20 lakhs (US$18 billion) worth of proposals from companies interested in manufacturing electronics in India.24.8% of smartphones shipped in the country in the April–June quarter of 2015 were made in India, up from 19.9% the previous quarter.3)Digital IndiaIn order to transform the entire ecosystem of public services through the use of information technology, the Government of India has launched the Digital India programme with the vision to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.The vision of Digital India programme is to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.4)Start Up IndiaOn the last Independence Day, Prime Minister Narendra Modi had introduced the Start-up India, Stand Up India' initiative.On January 16, Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled a 19-point action plan for start-up enterprises in India. He also announced a self-certification scheme related to nine labour and environment laws. He also said that there would be no inspection of the enterprises during the first three years of the launch.Modi has announced an all-inclusive action plan to boost such ventures that would boost employment generation and wealth creation.5)Skill IndiaThe Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, outlined his vision for "Skill India" as he launched the "National Skill Development Mission" in New Delhi. Asserting that his Government has declared a war on poverty and is determined to win it, the Prime Minister said that each poor, underprivileged youth is a soldier in this war.Noting that India will have a surplus manpower of 4 to 5 crore over the next decade, the Prime Minister emphasized the need to provide this youthful manpower with skills and ability to tackle global challenges, and warned that the demographic dividend would otherwise become a challenge in itself. He said that if the 20th century saw India's foremost technical institutes – the IITs – make a name for themselves globally, the 21st century required that India's ITIs (Industrial Training Institutes), acquire global recognition for producing quality skilled manpower.SimplicityDuring his visit to the L&T workers' residential complex in Riyadh, PM Narendra Modi shared snacks with the workers present during the occasion.This gave the Prime Minister a wonderful opportunity to interact with the workers and hear their thoughts and experiences.Also the Pakistan Media Praise Narendra Modi's Simplicity.Pakistan Anchor Javed Chaudhry Praises The Simplicity of Narendra Modi In Comparison With Their Own Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif
What would you do if you were the president of Nigeria?
WARNING: This is probably going to be an evergreen answer because I keep seeing new stuff to add every time I look at it.Who I’d recruit:Vice: Political operator. Preferably someone charismatic to play the carrot to my big stick, the good cop to my bad cop. Skilled enough and with a good enough network to handle the National assembly e.g an Amaechi.Finance: International finance professional with prior experience in IFC, AFC or other multinational finance organisation.Central bank: promote from within. Must have clear economics/econometrics experience.Energy/Petroleum: Ex/Serving CEO/MD of any of the multinational oil and gas firms.IT/Communications: Comms professional or IT Professional. Prior telecoms experience in a CTO role is mandatory.Justice: Most reputable Litigations expert we can convince. Does not have to be a former judge but definitely a SAN.Immigration: Career diplomat with at least 15 years service.Internal Security: Promote from the DSS.The rest: Political appointments but with clear prior experience in role either civil or political.Constitutional Amendments:Push for constitutional amendment of the rule that requires recruitment of ministers from all 36 states to read “appointment from all 6 geopolitical zones”. That way I can get away with having 6 ministers.Eliminate the Federal Character Act or severely restrict its coverage.Remove literal statement of number of local governments in Nigeria and give states power to re-district themselves as they deem fit.Alter the Executive List: I’d be the President that gave all the power away…after a suitable period of stabilization of course…by transferring a lot of items off the executive list or sharing those items with the states. Specifically, Roads, Ports among others.Repeal land use act and provide a more reasonable alternative.Reform revenue allocation and ensure lg chairmen get the funds direct from abj not through the governor.Reform the constitution and remove the house of repsScrap office of the vice president. Senate President to be considered as de-facto Vice President.Make entry in constitution allowing creation and management of a sovereign wealth fund to house extra oil windfall above budgeted oil price.Minister of State posts to be restricted to serving Federal Civil servants or current State Permanent Secretaries within the Specified Ministry.NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS & SOCIAL WELFARE:Stop direct government administration of sports, culture and other soft activities and move government into more of a regulatory and supportive role.No funding of the Hajj or Jerusalem Pilgrimages.Repeal decree 101 and set nigerian football free.Stop spending government money on programs by first ladies.All NGOs in nigeria to be registered either asvolunteer movements who can never be eligible for a jot of government money orprivate social welfare organizations who must have a state prescribed minimum capital. (No more rent seeking charity orgs please).State foster institutions especially in the north to take in all kids deemed to be without adequate care.Police/Internal Security:Expand the Police act to enable states run their own police ( locally recruited , centrally trained and centrally supervised but totally answerable to and funded by the states).Mandatory bi-annual qualifying physical tests for the Nigerian police. You fail, you are out.Build more fire stations and also alter National Fire Service act to enable the setup of Privately owned/ State owned Fire services licensed to provide fire services on behalf of the government. Ultimate target is to have one fire station within 10 minutes of every home.Drop all other ID numbers and use BVN for everything.Establish Nigerian sex offenders database.Make car registration details searchable on the net.Corruption proceeds act to enable seizing of properties if detailed tax records and evidence of legitimate money sources cannot be established.Rebuild our prisons to enable a lower prisoner to room ratio.Build one forensic lab in in each of the top 10 cities by population.Nigerians who have been deported once should require exit visas from immigration before they can make international visa applications or before booking any international tickets.airlines to enforce this.50 thousand dollar fines if they are caught not enforcing it.Merge FRSC with Nigerian Police. (This has already happened)NYSC: I have a few suggestions on this.[Controversial] Make it possible to opt out of NYSC by paying a sizable sum e.g 250 thousand naira or equivalent of nine months NYSC pay. Paid exemptions would make the scheme near-independent of government.[Controversial] Also make it possible to shorten it by participating in 6 months full military training and being enrolled into a National Reserve Force which can be called up in times of crisis.[Controversial] Exclude Lagos and FCT from list of posting areas. All people from those areas MUST be posted elsewhere. You can be posted to any of the other states.[Controversial] Voluntary NYSC Exemption granted to registered student entrepreneurs with at least 10 employees and/or minimum annual turnover of 10m as at time of graduation.[Controversial] Setup mandatory national apprenticeship scheme to replace nysc. Expand to include non graduates. Age based.Justice/Prisons:Commence the building of more prisons for the sole purpose of increasing cell-to-prisoner ratios and to make it easier to administer the prison service.Push for Nigerian laws to become future-proof as far as fines are concerned (especially financial crimes) by tying them to a percentage multiple of the minimum-wage of the day or a percentage/multiple of assessed damage. This is to avoid people escaping jail terms using frivolous fines.[Controversial] Put together a task force to review legal cases for all un-sentenced inmates and announce blanket amnesty for all those charged but not sentenced in the following categories:Not presented in court for 2 or more years (except cases involving fatalities).Legal term of the crimes concerned is less than 2 years (even if the person has not been incarcerated for up to 2 years).No evidence of accurate legal documentation or no evidence available.Civil Service:Convert as many government parastatals as possible into government programs with a clearly identified end date and measurable. Extension of such programs would be dependent on parliamentary assessment of at least 75% outcomes till date.Deploy Open Internal Resourcing platform within the civil service to enable movements between ministries and also enforce a freeze on recruitments for first 6 months to two years of admin. All resourcing for any new agencies created by Senate/Reps should be done internally unless it can be demonstrated that no resources can be pulled from other teams in the civil service.Require federal civil servants be paid through special civil servant accounts. CBN to enforce compulsory biometric procedure for opening such accounts. No payment outside such accounts.Require GMAT or other accepted international graduate testing standard for entry into Nigerian Civil Service.Transform all government research institutions (except military) into private-public partnerships or fully private subsidiaries of tertiary institutions or scrap them totally.Mandate full cashless operation in all government agencies.Extend renewal periods for all official documents including Driver’s licences, passports and all other government to ten years.Implement renewal by mail for government documents excluding those that require sighting (both locally and in diaspora).Taxation:Increase percentage of VAT retained by states (This would be in the closing stages after I have delivered all my promised projects though).Transport:Designate certain roads as National Economic Highways in each geopolitical zone, make them six lane and hand them over to private orgs to toll and maintain for 25 years. Restrict to end point tolls (only two toll points per highway at each end) e.g Lagos-Ibadan with one toll in Ibadan and another near Berger/Mowe in Lagos. If you don’t want to pay toll, you can take alternate routes.Alter the Nigerian Railways Act to enable private construction and operation of railways subject to government licensing (similar to the GSM model).Prioritise rail projects to connect top 3 cities in each geopolitical zone by rail.Fully concession all airports to private management companies.Seek funding for and building more ports to reduce stress on the Lagos ports.Hand over the ports to private management companies too.Mandate all cars or buses used for inter city transport to run on natural gas and build natural gas stations nationwide or issue licenses for such.Mandate all state capitals to implement some form of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) within the next decade.Immigration, Customs & Border Control:Implement full reciprocal visa arrangements with all other African countries even down to vetting procedures. Visa-on-arrival where possible for investors & vetted tourists.Tie size of and total expenditure on consulate offices around the world to a five-year trend of trade with the host country. No point maintaining huge mansions in a country we rarely trade with.Where possible, hand over visa services (including passport renewals for diaspora countries) to trusted immigration service companies similar to the way UK visas are handled by a private company here in Nigeria.Merge Immigration and Customs into one body.SECURITY & DEFENCE:Civil defense should be retained as a crisis response force onlySlim down nigerian army and create nigerian defense reserve who will be mobilized at intervals or during emergencies.Massive physical fences at certain points on our border.Expand Nigerian Ranger Service and expand scope of operation beyond just the Federal Forest Reserves but also to cover the woodlands between cities (which harbour kidnappers and other miscreants).Evacuate many of the cities currently subject to regular attack by Boko Haram and build new and functional towns/cities closer to the south of the Borno state and resettle people there.Communications:Float the NTA and FRCN on the Nigerian stock exchange but retain major ownership on a 51% Govt, 49% private basis.Draft and Implement a National Broadband Masterplan with the aim of ensuring Nigerian broadband is the cheapest on the continent. Feasible target is to be at least 5th cheapest in terms of broadband cost.Build a National Fibre Backbone. Expectation is that Telecoms companies can ride on this and also potentially reduce the cost of internet access.create legislation preventing any state government owning more than thirty percent of any media bodies.Release the ISM frequency band from government control.Government grant for companies running international internet fibre optic links for new projects.HEALTH:Free detoxification care for drug addicted individualsFree retroviral drugsFree mental healthcare to all indigent citizens especially the many mad men walking our streets.Alter PAYE Tax policies to include a mandatory NHIS tax for people who do not have a HMO policy registered. Issue NHIS ID after one year of paying NHIS Tax.Energy:Seek funding for and commence the building of a National Gas grid to enable natural gas be piped to many parts of the country ( this is to aid the siting of power projects in many parts of the country).Prioritise big industrial cities and grant them permission to run a closed power grid (and IPPs) separate from the national grid. (Requires altering the Power Act and negotiating with DISCOs).Increase the limit for captive power generation from 1 MW to a higher limit (personally, in my non-expert opinion I’d say 5MW).Drop all tariffs on alternative energy import products e.g wind turbines, solar cells etc.Pass Petroleum Industry Bill.Electoral reform:Alter the INEC act to enable INEC top boss be selected independent of the federal governmentAlter INEC act to include independent candidacy for all positions.Education:Provide government support including laws for student education loans at a sensible interest rate (single digit).Set universities fee to raise fees moderated slightly by government but give student loans through banks at single digit interest.UTME:Convert fully into computer based test andIncrease frequency of tests annually( 4 times a year).Scrap NECO.Private Sector & Economy:Reform nigerian insurance industry to allow micro insurance forms to operate or niche insurance firms.Handover the YOUWIN program to a private consortium.Tax breaks for cinema businesses in second tier cities.Take nigeria cashless at official levels and as much as possible in normal life.Make CAC registration in nigeria paperless and abolish many of their fees.FOREIGN AFFAIRS:Scrap Nigerian membership of organisations that promote sectional/religious interests e.g OIC(Organisation of Islamic States).Apologies:Formally acknowledge and apologize for all internal massacres that the Nigerian Govt has been party to since independence.
What challenges are coming in the adoption of solar power on a large scale?
Challenges for India’s Solar Energy GrowthDevelopment of off-grid systems that are ‘Grid ready’ for rural and remote areas, and making by-laws for new buildings for grid connected as ‘Rooftop ready’ should be the suggested goals for the future. If these initiative works are executed as envisaged, it is only a matter before India becomes one of the world leaders in Solar Energy.International Market ReviewTotal global solar PV installed capacity surpassed 300 GW by the end of 2016. 77 GW was added in 2016, a year-on-year growth rate of 34%. China led with 34.5 GW, followed by the USA (14.5 GW), Japan (10.2 GW) and India (5 GW) in fourth place. In 2017, about 79 GW capacity is expected to be added globally, registering marginal growth over 2016. The stagnation is mainly due to policy pullbacks across major markets including China, Japan, the USA and most parts of Europe.Meanwhile, India is expected to continue its rapid growth. With 8.8 GW of projected capacity addition (growth of 76% over 2016), it is set to become the third largest PV market in 2017, overtaking Japan. India can take the lead in driving the energy transformation both regionally and globally with one of the largest, and most ambitious, renewable energy programmes anywhere in the world. India has set a target of 175 GW of installed renewable energy capacity by 2022, including 100 GW of solar, 60 GW of wind, 10 GW of biomass and 5 GW of small hydropower.Other key trends shaping the global solar industry include:Asia continues to dominate the solar industry while Europe continues to fall in rankings.• Auctions are gaining universal acceptance – number of countries using auctions to allocate solar capacity has increased from 14 in 2014 to 22 in 2016.• Solar module prices continue to fall faster than most experts had anticipated. Prices in India fell to 32 ¢/Wp in Q1 2017 (– 29% over last year). Such a rapid fall has made solar PV the cheapest new source of power in most countries and provided demand boost in emerging economies.• Developed countries are slowly shifting towards utility scale projects whereas in emerging markets, governments are trying to encourage more rooftop solar growth. In India, rooftop solar has maintained a 10-12% share of overall solar capacity. This is much lower than other key markets such as US, Germany, China, Spain and Australia.Figure 1: Capacity addition in leading international marketsFigure 2: Share of utility scale vis-à-vis rooftop solarIndian Utility Scale Solar MarketCapacity additionAs of March 31, 2017, India had installed 12.2 GW of utility scale solar PV capacity.Project development landscapeAs the Indian solar market grows and project sizes increase, international developers and private equity funded IPPs are playing a greater role.Comparison of ‘Balance of System’ costs of utility scale solar in India with other countriesAs evident from the Illustration 1, India is competitively placed with regard to cost of BOS in comparison with several developed countries.Financial incentivesThe Government of India has been offering several financial incentives to promote the solar sector. But as cost of solar power is coming down, these benefits are being slowly phased out.Viability gap funding (VGF): Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) has allocated 4,835 MW of project capacity under the VGF route, whereby a capital subsidy is provided to project developers bidding for projects at a predetermined tariff. As of March 31, 2017, another 785 MW of tenders under SECI VGF scheme are under process.Accelerated depreciation: All solar projects have been historically eligible to avail depreciation of 80% of asset value but this rate has been reduced to 40% from April 2017 onwards.Ten-year corporate tax holiday: A 10-year income tax holiday has been offered to solar projects so far, but this benefit has been withdrawn from April 2017 onwards.Figure 3: Commissioned capacity as of March 31,2017Figure 4: Capacity addition in leading statesFigure 5: Commissioned capacityFigure 6: Capacity under development as of March 31, 2017 (12,381 MW)Development of solar parksThe Government of India has sanctioned development of 40,000 MW of solar park infrastructure by the year 2020 with a financial support of M 81 billion (US $ 1.2 billion). Solar projects with a total capacity of 8,900 MW have already been allocated in eight solar parks.Figure 7: Rooftop solar annual capacity additionFigure 8: Rooftop solar capacity addition projectionsFigure 9: India rooftop solar EPC price indexIndian Rooftop solar marketInstallation trendsIndia’s total installed rooftop solar capacity is estimated at 1,247 MW as of December 31, 2016.Projections11.9 GW of new rooftop solar capacity addition is expected in India between 2017 and 2021.Policy updateNet metering: 29 states and 7 union territories have notified grid connectivity regulations with provision for net/gross metering but on-the-ground implementation remains patchy.Subsidy for residential, institutional and government consumers: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has sanctioned INR 50 billion ($ 750 million) funding for 30% capital subsidy for rooftop solar for residential and institutional consumer segments. In addition, up to 30% subsidy is also available for government projects.Boost in government demand: Government is expected to become a major demand source for rooftop solar in the coming years. All building facilities under different central government departments are being urged to adopt rooftop solar and a potential of 6 GW capacity has been identified so far. SECI has already announced 500 MW of tenders for such buildings.Concessional debt financing: The Government of India, with assistance from multilateral financial institutions such as Asian Development Bank, The World Bank and New Development Bank has earmarked US $ 1,470 million of concessional credit lines for the rooftop solar market.Building bye-laws: The Government of India has recommended mandatory rooftop solar installations for buildings exceeding specified size and/or power consumption thresholds under the model Building Bye Laws. Fours states and union territories – Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Chandigarh and Chhattisgarh – have adopted these regulations so far.Market Growth ExpectationsSolar PV has a capacity factor ranging from 16% to 19% and is estimated to produce around 350 TWh/yr of power, making up around 10% of India’s power supply. So the impact of this addition on the grid will be limitedRooftops in densely populated cities are an important element in the availability of space for solar PV and thermal systems. By 2030 around 40% of buildings would have either a solar thermal or solar PV system on their roofs. The estimate is based on the availability of rooftops in New Delhi: at present they amount to around 31 km2, which could take an estimated 2.5 GW of solar PV modules (Greenpeace, 2013). As Delhi makes up around 1% of India’s total population, the total Indian rooftop potential may be around 250 GW. If it is assumed that there is around 50 GW of distributed rooftop solar PV (including solar home systems), around 20% of India’s available rooftop area would have a solar PV system in 2030. With around 150 million m2 of solar thermal residential and commercial systems, an estimated 20% of buildings would have them.Besides this very significant growth in solar PV, an addition of 10 GW is also expected from concentrated solar Power (CSP). Although a growth to 10 GW may seem modest compared to the increase in PV, it still implies building 20-50 large CSP plants within the next 15 years. Gujarat and Maharashtra in the west of India, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand in the north, and Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu in the south, as well as Rajasthan, are favourable locations for CSP with high direct solar radiation.Solar capacity addition by March 2022The industry is more optimistic than last year and expects India to add a total of 60 GW solar capacity by 2022 (+5% over last year) but still considerably below the government target of 100 GW.Rooftop solar capacity addition by March 2022We see the same positive trend for rooftop solar capacity addition. Average of all the responses indicates estimated rooftop capacity of +14 GW by 2022. Rapidly falling costs and government efforts to boost demand in the public sector have improved growth prospects in this market.Challenges and OpportunitiesSWOT analysis for the Indian Solar PV Industry.Key challenges facing the growth and development of PV in India include:Cost and T&D Losses: Solar PV is some years away from true cost competitiveness and from being able to compete on the same scale as other energy generation technologies. Adding to the cost are T&D losses that at approximately 40 percent make generation through solar energy sources highly unfeasible. However, the government is supporting R&D activities by establishing research centres and funding such initiatives. The government has tied up with world-renowned universities to bring down the installation cost of solar power sources and is focusing on upgradation of substations and T&D lines to reduce T&D losses.• Land Scarcity: Per capita land availability is very low in India, and land is a scarce resource. Dedication of land area near substations for exclusive installation of solar cells might have to compete with other necessities that require land.• Funding of initiatives like National Solar Mission is a constraint given India’s inadequate financing capabilities. The Finance Ministry has explicitly raised concerns about funding an ambitious scheme like NSM.• Manufacturers are mostly focused on export markets that buy Solar PV cells and modules at higher prices thereby increasing their profits. Many new suppliers have tie-ups with foreign players in Europe and United States thereby prioritizing export demand. This could result in reduced supplies for the fast-growing local market.• The lack of closer industry-government cooperation for the technology to achieve scale.• The need for focused, collaborative and goals driven R&D to help India attain technology leadership in PV.• The need for a better financing infrastructure, models and arrangements to spur the PV industry and consumption of PV products.• Training and development of human resources to drive industry growth and PV adoption.• The need for intra-industry cooperation in expanding the PV supply chain, in technical information sharing through conferences and workshops, in collaborating with BOS (balance of systems) manufacturers and in gathering and publishing accurate market data, trends and projections.• The need to build consumer awareness about the technology, its economics and right usage.• Complexity of subsidy structure & involvement of too many agencies like MNRE, IREDA, SNA, electricity board and electricity regulatory commission makes the development of solar PV projects difficult.• Land allotment & PPA signing is a long procedure under the Generation Based Incentive scheme.Challenges in the utility scale solar marketThe biggest concern for the sector is grid integration of growing renewable capacity followed by poor financial condition of Distribution Companies (DISCOMs).Challenges in the rooftop solar marketNet metering implementation as the most important challenge.ConclusionGovernment of India is leading by example through installation of solar rooftops widely on government buildings, airports, railways network, educational institutions, residential sector and commercial complexes. Though high growth is expected and cost wise, it can reach parity with coal based power generation very soon, it is to be noted that unlike thermal power plants, rooftop PV generation (RTPV) is consumers dominated and therefore, peoples’ participation and acceptance are critical issues for its success. At the national level, manufacturing capacity, investment in R&D, investor friendly environment, skill development, low voltage grid connectivity of variable solar resource and regulatory decisions are major challenges to be resolved. As the penetration of RTPV has to increase, boost to manufacturing capabilities not only in solar modules but also in inverters and batteries is must. In skill development, providing skills for jobs of engineers, manufacturers, suppliers, repairs, maintenance, testing facilitators are some of the important challenges before the state agencies.An outlook for linking of solar energy targets with the current missions on ‘Make in India’, ‘Smart city mission’ and ‘Digital India’ as a promise for developing capabilities and transformation of entire power system in the country is recommended. Development of off-grid systems that are ‘Grid ready’ for rural and remote areas, and making by-laws for new buildings for grid connected as ‘Rooftop ready’ should be the suggested goals for the future. If these initiative works are executed as envisaged, it is only a matter before India becomes one of the world leaders in Solar Energy
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