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Many people are fascinated by human behavior. Why do we act the way we do? How is our behavior influenced, or measured? And why is behavioral change so difficult?In this blog post, we describe several behavioral theories, as well as different ways to measure human behavior. Lastly, we discuss research fields in which human behavior plays a central role, like healthcare, education and consumer research.How to study human behaviorTable of contentsPerspectives on behaviorQualitative versus quantitative researchObservationPhysiological measuresImplicit measuresMental disordersHealth care researchEducation & trainingUser experience and human factors researchConsumer behavior researchPerspectives on behaviorBehaviorism: it’s the environmentInfluenced by prominent thinkers like John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, behavioral psychology gained popularity between 1920 and 1950. With its focus on observable behavior instead of mental states, behaviorism provided a systematic way to study human behavior.Behaviorists argue that behavior is learned in interaction with our environment, and that all behaviors are learned through experience. Two key principles that are involved in new behavior are classical and operant conditioning.In classical conditioning, something new is paired with something that occurs naturally. After a while, this new stimulus triggers the same reaction as the original stimulus, resulting in a new association. A famous example of this principle is found in Ivan Pavlov’s research.What is classical conditioning?In his experiments with dogs, Pavlov paired the sound of a bell (new stimulus) with the presentation of food (naturally occurring stimulus). Eventually, the dogs started salivating when hearing the bell, even when no food was presented (new association). And voilà, new behavior is learned.What is operant conditioning?The second learning principle, operant conditioning, describes the way our behavior is shaped by consequences. Specifically, it states that reward and punishment can influence the likelihood that behaviors occur again.Think about how you praise a child when she eats her vegetables, or how you might take away a favorite toy when she’s mean to her brother. In both cases, you provide her with a consequence for her behavior. Chances are, she’ll eat her vegetables next time as well, and will think twice about teasing her brother.These methods explain much of how human behavior is shaped. However, critics argue that behaviorism fails to take into account important factors like free will, internal influences, and other types of learning. In the next paragraphs, we will explore two other behavioral theories.Social learning theory: it’s other peopleSocial learning theory was proposed in the 1970’s by Albert Bandura, who believed that conditioning alone could not account for all behaviors. At its core, social learning theory proposes that people learn from observing others.This observational learning does not only occur when observing another person, but also when listening to descriptions of behavior or viewing symbolic models. From very early on, this provides us with many learning opportunities.Importantly, social learning theory emphasizes that behavior is also influenced by mental states, like motivation or thoughts.Another difference with behaviorism is that observational learning does not necessarily lead to permanent behavioral changes. In other words, people might learn new information without actually showing new behaviors.So far, we’ve established that human behavior can be shaped through experience and observation. A third method of learning behavior is described by Relational Frame Theory.Relational Frame Theory: it’s our languageRelational Frame Theory (RFT) was developed in the 2000’s by Steven Hayes, Dermot Barnes-Holmes and Brian Roche, and builds upon classic behaviorism. What’s new in this theory is the role of human language in learning new behavior.Specifically, RFT researchers argue that language enables us to learn new information indirectly. The key learning processes of this theory are centered on relations between stimuli, or relational frames.As an example, imagine you meet three new people: Aaron, Bianca and Chris. Aaron introduces himself to you, and explains that Bianca is his sister and Chris is his father. Importantly, with these relations learned directly (B-A, C-A), you now know several other relations indirectly.First, you can derive that Aaron is Bianca’s brother (A-B) and Chris’ son (A-C). This is called ‘mutual entailment’ in RFT. But you can also understand that Bianca is Chris’ daughter (B-C) and that Chris is Bianca’s father (C-B), which is referred to as ‘combinatorial mutual entailment’.Even though these relations may seem obvious, the example shows that we can learn indirectly, through relations or frames we already know. The more relations we know, the more relations we can derive. And, like social learning theory, it shows that we don’t need actual experience to learn new information.Why is changing behavior difficult?As you might know from personal experience, changing behavior can be difficult. Maybe you have tried to exercise more or to eat more healthy foods, only to find yourself back to your old habits one week later.Why is behavioral change so difficult? And what can you do to succeed anyway?First, it is important to know that about 95% of our behavior is driven by unconscious processes. It would simply take too much mental energy to be aware of all our behaviors. So instead, most of it becomes automatic, part of our habits.Second, behaviorism has taught us that the environment, through associations and consequences, shapes our behaviors. So let’s examine the consequences of a behavior we want to change.To return to our previous example, imagine that you want to exercise more often. What are the consequences of that behavior? More energy, better health, slimmer body. Sounds good, right? But to get there, you have to work out, sweat, and skip comfortable hours on the couch.Do you notice the difference between these consequences, specifically in their timing? The unpleasant consequences come immediately, while you have to persevere for weeks or even months until you can experience the pleasant consequences of your behavior.If consequences drive our behavior, it’s not surprising that the immediate, visible rewards win over the long-term, abstract ones. And if we’re not aware of 95% of our behaviors, how can we expect to change them? Luckily, we can also use these principles to our advantage.Behavioral changeA powerful way to make use of our automatic behaviors is through habit stacking. Basically, this means that you take an existing habit, and then add a new behavior to it. For example, when you regularly forget to take your medicine, you ‘stack’ this behavior on top of a habit you have already mastered, like brushing your teeth in the morning.By making a new behavior part of an automatic routine, you are more likely to stick with it. The beauty of it is that you can keep stacking on new behaviors, once a new behavior has become a habit of itself.The power of consequencesYou can also harness the power of consequences, by creating ways to make the short-term consequences of your desired behavior more positive, while making the short-term consequences of procrastination more costly.For example, you can reward yourself each time you eat a healthy meal. Simply praising yourself for each step in the right direction can make a difference, as can actively imagining the long-term benefits of your behavior. And if you want to make the consequences of procrastination more costly, you can try teaming up with a buddy, making your intentions public, or putting an expensive bet on your behavior.Change your environmentAnother important step you can take is changing your environment. If your TV is on and your sports clothes are in the attic, it’s much easier to lounge on the couch than it is to start your workout. Instead, unplug the TV and keep everything you need to start exercising in sight.Principles like these are also used in (cognitive) behavioral therapy. With the help of a therapist, behaviors involved in anxiety, depression, addictions or other mental disorders are examined and changed gradually. To provide people with the best care possible, accurate measurements and continued research of behavior are essential.Qualitative versus quantitative researchTo measure human behavior, all kind of research instruments are at our disposal. These instruments can be divided into qualitative measurements and quantitative measurements.What is qualitative research?Qualitative measurements help researchers to understand human behavior on a deeper level by studying underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. They are particularly helpful in understanding the context of phenomena, and how they affect individuals and groups. It is all about the details. It seeks to explain ‘how’ and ‘why’ people behave as they do.Methods to measure qualitative dataThe sample size in this type of research is typically small since it’s hugely labor intensive. Methods to measure qualitative data are for example in-depth interviews, focus group interviews, observations, and unstructured questionnaires using open-ended questions. Preferably, qualitative research is conducted in a natural setting.What is quantitative research?On the other hand, quantitative measurements are used to quantify preferences, opinions, facts, behaviors, and other defined variables – and generalize results from a larger sample population. It is used to answer questions such as “How many?”, “How often?”, “How much?” of which the answers are expressed with numbers. You can statistically analyze the collected data. Methods to collect this data are e.g. surveys, structured questionnaires, and online polls, using close-ended questions.Combining qualitative and quantitative dataThe overall purpose of research is discovering the truth. However, “without good data, you’re just guessing.” Combining qualitative data with quantitative data will provide researchers in-depth information about a certain behavior, and various aspects of that behavior. The two different approaches complement each other, while the shortfalls of each will be balanced.Noldus Consulting can help you perform your research in the best possible way, getting you objective and high-quality results, which gives you the power to move forward.Read more: Examples of Human Behavior ResearchObservationA very important part of studying human behavior is performing observations. What better way to tell someone’s behavior than to observe that person? How is your test participant interacting with a child, a patient, or computer?Observational researchObservational research is typically performed in one’s home, workplace, or a specially designed observation lab. The best way to observe ones true behavior is unobtrusively. With a one-way-mirror, it is possible to watch every move of your subject, without being physically present in the room. By using The Observer XT, you can annotate all of the behaviors of interest and perform analysis, turning qualitative data into quantitative data.Video observations are also a great way to study human behavior. The use of video greatly expands the scope of any research project. Annotating from video allows you to make frame-accurate descriptions of behavior. Viso is an ideal solution for high quality recording of video and audio in multiple rooms, and provides the video material needed to gain insights into processes, human performance, and communication.Physiological measuresAlthough your test participant may appear to be calm, he or she may be concealing a substantial amount of stress. To reveal this level of stress, you can combine behavioral coding with physiological measurements acquired with a data acquisition system.This allows you to simultaneously acquire physiological data, such as EEG, ECG, EMG, blood pressure, skin conductance, and facial expressions, while you are collecting observational data. For example, skin conductance is a method of measuring the electrical conductance of the skin, used as an indication of psychological or physiological arousal. EEG makes it possible to include neuronal activity during a test, while FaceReader captures the facial expressions. These measurements makes it possible to study the interplay of physiology and behavior, caused by an external event.The Observer XT is designed to synchronize all these kinds of data streams. With one push, you can synchronously record video, screen captures, location data, physiological signals, eye tracking data, FaceReader data, and of course, behavioral data. Advanced analysis supports you in your research, delivering faster study results and publications.Implicit measuresWhile questionnaires can be useful in capturing opinions, personality traits, or (mental) health issues, they also have some limitations.One important issue is that people can be biased in their responses. We tend to give answers that are socially desirable, we are influenced by an experimental setting, or we answer all questions a certain way (mostly extreme or neutral, mostly ‘yes’ or ‘no’).Also, we’re not always aware of what we think, feel or do. As we mentioned earlier in this blog, about 95% of our behavior is unconscious and automatic. Some information about ourselves might escape our attention.With these limitations in mind, researchers developed measures to capture our unconscious opinions, emotions and behaviors. These implicit tests require people to respond very quickly to different stimuli. Differences in response times reflect how you really feel about something.Basically you respond faster when you agree.For example, a test might involve asking participants to sort words into categories that are on either side of a computer screen.You’d have to choose left when encountering a positive word (‘good’, ‘happy’) or a picture of a cat. You’d choose the right side when seeing a negative word (‘bad’, ‘ugly’) or a picture of a dog. In another phase of the test, these pairings are reversed.If you were to respond more quickly when ‘positive’ and ‘dogs’ are associated, compared to when ‘positive’ and ‘cats’ are, this suggests you have an implicit preference for dogs. Other implicit tests assess approach and avoidance behavior, attention biases, or relational frames.Mental disordersUnderstanding human behavior is essential in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders.Mental disorders are defined as a combination of abnormal thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Worldwide, millions of people suffer from disorders like depression, addiction, anxiety, and dementia.Aside from a range of psychological and cognitive symptoms, people with mental disorders often experience problems in school, work, or family life as well.Understanding mental disordersWith this variety in symptoms and contributing factors, research plays an important role in the further understanding of these disorders.For example, recent studies examined the effectivity of a game-based intervention in social anxiety, the best ways to observe pain expressions in dementia, doctors’ emotions during the treatment of depression, and the role of social cognition in the development of social anxiety.Studies like these help to improve the prevention and treatment of mental disorders, and contribute to overall mental health.Health care researchIn the field of health care research, it is all about quality of life and consequential about quality of care. Wikipedia describes health-related quality of life as an assessment of how the individual's well-being may be affected over time by a disease, disability, or disorder. Health care professionals’ highest aim is to improve quality of life for their patients, by providing the best possible quality of care.Various topics can be of interest for health care research, such as doctor-patient interaction, operating room layout, simulation training, team performance and communication, or dealing with emotions. All have an impact on the quality of care and thus life.Using video technologyWith help of Noldus solutions, researchers will gain the insight they need in processes, human performance, and communication. For example, the use of video technology offers important advantages to scientists in unraveling complex behavior patterns and finding relationships between behaviors, effectiveness of interventions, and more.RESOURCES: Read more about VisoFind out how Viso is used in a wide range of studies and how it can elevate your research!Free white papers and case studiesCustomer success storiesRecent blog postsRESOURCESEducation & trainingEducation is all about gaining knowledge about facts, events, values, beliefs, general concepts, principles, etc. to students. On the other hand, training is a way to develop skills, rather than just know about something. Training is based on practical application, it involves hands-on experience and helps people to implement a new system, improve a specific ability or further their ability in something.Education and training can take place in a wide variety of fields, and in many different settings such as classrooms or skills labs. Theory can be put into practice in a safe and controlled environment.Video feedback toolMore and more video feedback is used in education and training facilities. It continues to prove its effectiveness for both educators and students. By using video and audio recordings in education and training, students and educators can receive, and benefit from, direct feedback.Classroom observationsTo examine, for example, effective teaching and teacher-student interaction, classroom observations can be used as a technique to gain the desired insights. Using a software tool to observe the questions students ask, how the teacher reacts, and whether the teacher checks if the students understand his explanation, will make the research much easier. It enables to code behaviors accurately, record one or multiple videos, integrate data modalities, and explore the results.User experience and human factors researchWhat happens with a person’s emotions and attitudes when using a particular product, website, application, or system? What does the user experience, and how does the user interact? Is it used in the way that it is meant to be used? Finding answers to these questions enables to optimize that particular product, website application, or system. To meet the needs of its users, to improve the user experience.Tools to measure ease-of-use and efficiencyFeedback methodologies such as observation and task analysis will reveal the ease-of-use and efficiency of a product or service. While you observe the user of your product, you can receive direct feedback about your product.To facilitate UX tests, you can record audio and video streams from digital cameras, capture the eye tracking gaze-overlay and emotions, and add notes or markers on the fly for quick lookback.How to build a usability lab?UX tests can be carried out in a usability lab, or on-site with a portable lab. It provides controlled conditions, and fully integrated equipment and software to make the tests as realistic as possible. A few examples are the Social Media Lab in Mons, Belgium, which connects with business and academics in order to better understand social media use and the digital world in general.In the Human Factors and Ergonomics Laboratory of Zodiac Seats, participants were asked to evaluate six different travel pillows on head and neck support while sitting in an airplane seat and trying to rest or sleep.In a study with bicyclists, researchers at VTI, the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, observed cyclist behavior using eye tracking technology, video recordings, and behavioral coding. All data combined enabled them to assess whether the cyclists met the demands in specific situations.Find more examples of UX/usability and game labs or human factor labs on our website.Consumer behavior researchGetting to know your target audience is the best way to understand consumer choice behavior and preferences. How do consumers use a product? Why did they choose to buy that product in the first place? Did packaging or store layout have anything to do with that? Or did unconscious emotions play a role?Recent studies aimed to answer several of these questions. Here, we list a few:The study of Eliza Kostyra and colleagues used face-reading technology in order to determine the effect of smoked ham samples on consumer emotion, which may lead to deeper insight on whether or not a consumer chooses to buy the sampled product.In France, a team of researchers designed a test kitchen including four dome cameras and one portable GoPro camera to investigate food storage processes.Researchers Torrico and Fuentes tried different implicit measurement techniques in order to get closer to measuring liking and preference using images and chocolates!The study of human behavior has played an important role in improving the lives of people who have mental health and behavioral disorders. It has also facilitated advancements in areas such as early childhood education, organizational behavior management, and public health. Professionals who are interested in how to study human behavior are driven to know why people make decisions, with the goal of better understanding the decision-making process.Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is a behavioral science discipline focused on the principles of behavior, learning, motivation, and methods of promoting behavior change. Behavior analysts may work in settings such as schools, private clinics, and community mental health centers. Their work involves using observation and data analysis to design and implement behavior change plans. Some behavior analysts also have specialties in counseling, psychology, or special education.The following steps outline how a professional might pursue employment as a behavior analyst.Step 1: Earn a Bachelor’s DegreeMany students begin their careers in behavior analysis by earning a bachelor’s degree in behavioral science or psychology. Through coursework, students examine different perspectives of biological, societal, and economic influences on human behavior.Students can begin working after graduation in select fields such as substance abuse, behavioral disorders, or mental health counseling, depending on the state and employer. Professionals who hold a bachelor’s degree can also work towards the Board Certified Assistant Behavior Analyst (BCaBA)® credential, gaining on-the-job experience under a certified analyst.Step 2: Earn a Master’s DegreeAfter earning a bachelor’s degree, professionals who are interested in becoming a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA)® must obtain a masters degree in applied behavior analysis, psychology, or education. Coursework in a two-year ABA master’s program covers topics such as behavior assessment, treatment evaluation, and ethics. Students are taught how to apply behavioral theories to help clients individuals with psychological or medical disorders, autism spectrum disorders, or intellectual and/or developmental disabilities,.As part of the master’s program, students are exposed to clinical experience in an applied behavior analysis clinical setting. For example, students may work on-site with providers of services for children who have autism. In this environment, students complete assessments, design behavior analytic programs, and collaborate on projects with other professionals. The type of clinical placement, minimum work hours, and supervisory requirements vary. In a standard clinical experience, ABA program faculty oversee student placement and supervision.Step 3: Working as a Behavior AnalystDemand for certified ABA professionals increased nearly 800 percent between 2010 and 2017, according to a recent study by workforce analytics firm Burning Glass Technologies. With indications that the market will continue to grow in the upcoming years, this is an excellent employment climate for professionals who want to learn how to study human behavior.Upon completing a master’s in ABA program, some professionals seek certifications such as the BCBA credential. To qualify for examination, candidates must pass an exam and meet various educational and clinical experience requirements, which are set by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) ®.While compensation varies by state, employer, and work setting, the average national salary for a board-certified behavior analyst is about $58,000, according to PayScale. Professionals who are just beginning their careers may earn closer to $55,000, while analysts who have over 10 years of experience may average $68,000 per year.To remain at the top of their profession, certified behavior analysts are required to maintain their certification by completing continuing education credits every 2-3 years. These credits can be earned in several ways: by completing additional post-secondary coursework, attending presentations at conferences, instructing classes, or writing for journal publications. Additionally, BCBA’s who have completed a doctoral degree may apply for the BCBA-D certification. While a BCBA-D does not exceed the BCBA credential, doctorate-level analysts may assume greater responsibilities such as overseeing the work of master’s-level analysts.Learn MoreDesigned for students from a wide variety of health science backgrounds, the online Master of Science in Applied Behavior Analysis program at Regis College is structured to prepare graduates for success in a variety of possible career fields. The program blends research and hands-on experience, and offers coursework in behavior assessment, treatment evaluation, ethical practices, and other related areas.Individuals who are interested in developing a deeper understanding of human behavior and preparing for an exciting career are encouraged to learn more about the MS in ABA degree program offered by Regis College.Hope this helps !! <3 <3

Must also read this: (this answers the purpose or Goal)Lav Khandelwal's answer to What is the meaning of "in God we trust, rest bring data"?Lav Khandelwal's answer to What is something you want to "get off your chest"?{Very recent update - I was told (few days back in October 2018 in Mumbai) by ex-colleague that Patni incidents below were purely professional. Again, we were on different pages as far as goals were concerned. Anyways, it's helpful but not sure how things below would change now or in future as far as my personal life is concerned}I resigned from GE Healthcare, Bangalore in 2002 for the following reasons:My brother died in 2001 (very next day of my marriage, he was admitted to hospital) due to dogbite he received in Pune, when I was with GE in Pune. This was a big emotional setback, when there was joy of arranged marriage also. I moved to Bangalore (as GE had moved it's plant) after his demise. However, I couldn't control my emotions many times and was crying most of the times at home. I felt powerless, despite the Government and GE Healthcare, I couldn't save my brother. This could've happened again with anyone in my family. And we didn't seemed to have right contacts and people who could help. I also doubt fake medical supplies made by various pharmacies those times (he couldn't develop immunity in 2001 despite all injections he received). (I never realized it could be connected, but I had a lots of dogs running behind my bike in Bangalore while I was with GE Healthcare returning late night from office). I had also developed hypothyroidism in 2001, when my wife wasn't with me for a month and I was eating out.I had observed people who were senior in age in company (working with GE since many years) and they didn't seemed to have an excellent education or exposure I had seen and visualized among my fellow MBA preparation team. It didn't seemed much attractive from my career perspective to continue in GE. I was alone who used to run across Pune and Mumbai to get latest books and magazines (and pay in dollars or pounds and that were printed prices). Crossword manager in Pune had given me gifts cards of Rs 2000 (over and above the vouchers we regularly get based on points collected on purchases made) in year 2000–2001 for record purchase made in Crossword. However, I couldn't continue to burn my salary for very long, as I had other responsibilities also. So if company wasn't interested in my development and didn't want me to go for OMLP or NMDP, I have to find a better group. (I later came to know in 2012 that I was considered for MPL role). You must read this to appreciate what I meant (Lav Khandelwal's answer to Is it worth spending INR 750 on HBR magazine?)I had been in Materials, however, with system implementation, roles and way of working had changed. I wanted to move to Corporate, however, my education wasn't supporting. Nor did I had communication skills and sense that could've landed me into better position. I started working with new manager in Bangalore, however, I couldn't figure out a way to grow better in career. Ultimately, I was asked to move to Production. However, somehow I wanted to be attached to computers and systems. This was my dream shared with my brother also who would have pulled me in IT after his PGDCM (but I lost him in between). Also my knowledge could've helped to make systems better, it seemed lucrative job. So I asked for Oracle Applications E-Business Suite (ERP) - (btw it's not what CS/IT guys are interested in, it's business application. As typically thought by various engineers, Oracle E-Business Suite is not a database, but is an Enterprise Resource Planning Application and you need to be Mechanical or Production Engineer or Operations Manager to understand it). I had seen people doing things on Computers in GE that I also loved. But I was asked to resign if I don't choose Production. All factors led my decision to resign. (I later came to know in 2012 that I was considered for MPL role).Btw, I started off to improve the applications with my knowledge and experience, I ended up with a less paying job (same salary as I received on joining GE) and have to give up higher salary after all increments i received in GE. It was loss for me, and I wasn't doing my personal work but it was better for my company. Anyway it was far lesser than losses I incurred with all issues I faced afterwards (would probably run in trillions). So I never made this point earlier. My basic salary was reduced by more than 50 percent. And some other components added to make up to bring it nearly equal to GE joining salary. Despite being an employee or a consultant on contract, I was treated in US as if I was on training program and my salary was pretty less as given to me by Patni, though GE was paying pretty higher amount for me to Patni. Obviously, I never expected the compensation to be equal to the billing, but once I started to dig into various legal issues due to family court case, that I suspected was framed specifically for divorce, I started getting many doubts on certain aspects I never considered.The only opportunity I got for GE OMLP (I think for me it was MPL role) selection was a week's training and presentation @ Taj. I prepared the best presentation (of course, my manager who was not part of it, had helped and it was well communicated whenever I had interacted with Corporate), however, another member from our team of 6–7 people presented it (he asked that he be allowed to present and somehow the group agreed as nobody was aware of rewards). He didn't credited the team for the work. Also he failed to explain properly as he never had worked with team to understand the thought process gone into making it. I wished many times I take over the presentation from him midway, and explain it better. However, I also pulled back. The team felt very bad about his attitude, but never told anything as he was IIT-Delhi alumni. And guess, he was the only one selected. It's not a big thing today, but in 1999, it means you lost World War, as the resources, schools, money and opportunities were very limited. (Anyway, he is out of GE. If your team don't trust you, they'll break-off sooner or later). (I later came to know in 2012 that I was considered for MPL role). (Edit Sept 2019: Not sure if someone senior in company or relatives had also played family card that resulted in all this). PS: All the thoughts in this point were my thoughts at some point in far past and the entire exercise was team effort and not individual contribution. Also, the participants were unaware of any sort of selection in this exercise, probably with some exceptions who might be filled in with their college seniors or HR. So it wasn't relevant at all.I think many people had problems when I joined Materials in GE. Nobody knew that Materials Management was the key subject in my Master's in Production with Industrial Engineering and Management. Also my ME project was an year long Materials Management project. I hardly had any exposure on Production, as I focused too much on Materials and Systems in my ME. (For the non-technical, Materials Management is totally different from Procurement/Payment/Sourcing)I resigned from Patni Computer Systems (pretty late) in 2010 for the following reasons:I declined to work with GE Corporate in US (I later understood that it was for Implementation Team Lead, but I was looking for Business Analyst role) and wanted other assignment while I was employed with Patni. When I moved to different client in Texas in 2006, I ended up having problems within few months - all my food was drugged, my new client contacts were deleted, my personal mail account hacked and returned after 4 years (when I reported to top management in my company - others couldn't help probably due to limited contacts) with all my mails purged due to non-usage, I was kept in psychiatric ward for 15 days (it seemed like mental asylum as inmates were not mentally fine), injected forcefully in arms in psychiatric ward, all my communication with friends, family and police was blocked. My reporting to law and order wasn't heard and I was harassed. (My manager - who was part of it initially - came to get me released and set things right. Many idiots thought it was technical superiority and tried to do same with me in India, however, it had nothing to do with Technology - it was part of process in US Hospital admission - we give our belongings to them for safekeeping - I was shocked). Ultimately, I decided to move to India. I had resigned in fear, but continued in Patni as I had new born daughter in India - she born when I was on an year long US assignment. I was asked to undergo some psychiatrist tests as I was told that I was stressed in US. And some medicine prescribed that never helped me. In 2010, I reported the 2006 incidents to management and others. However, similar things started on very minor scale and I felt separation is best for my growth. Unfortunately, my wife took me to psychiatrist next day. Finally she asked for divorce. I never agreed to that, so forcefully (fake) divorce was staged. And she left with my daughter in 2011 and never met. I had been doubting various people (known or unknown) in it including my parents and their friends, colleagues and relatives, her parents and their friends, colleagues and relatives, my sister and her husband and their group, Patni employees, Tata Employees, my wife and her network including social workers (issues occured after she and others talked to my managers after I returned from India after meeting my parents, wife and daughter - not sure what she and others talked about - our 2001 marriage registration was done in 2006 - as required for their passport - it was a personal self-sponsored trip), Mumbai/Thane people and law enforcement officers, lawyers, my performance related issues or behaviour, groupism due to different educational institutes in different administrative division or states, etc over a very long period of time. However, I didn't realized it could have been GE or ex-GE employees (specific group or sect of non-premium institutes - non-IIT, non-IIM, non-US), who were instrumental in sending me to US had planned this with network of friends and colleagues to maintain/regain their power and position in company. And prevent me to create my own network for growth. It was terrible act on part of people who did this. Creating fake medical and criminal history under harassment (with no signs of the involvement of culprits). People who were behind it were all Indians in US - Motorola employees and Patni Employees as well as their American friends in nearby areas along with apartment managers and hospital staff. I didn't see any point to continue in 2010, as it was not helping me to continue there in same environment. I never accepted overseas assignment after 2006. By the way, I also doubted GE OMLPs, but I don't feel they were experienced enough to play such network games. They were probably misused by various seniors, may be by ex-GE ones also who knew them.I missed very important detail above. I had few bad car accidents in US in 2005-2006. And my company took care of the insurance and medical treatment in one of the big one accident - I didn't had personal accident insurance then. I had no idea of US procedure. I had been driving regularly and hardly had any problems in driving since 2002. I don't know what was done by company to handle all those expenses. However, I strongly believe that the accidents I had been involved into had been due to faulty car designs of stone age and improper spray of salt on the roads (covered with snow). My major accident where company intervened was a normal road - unfortunately, I couldn't invest in the best car like Infiniti or BMW at that time due to lack of resources. Later I rented Infiniti on my personal expenses (after my second accident that totaled my car again but hardly any physical or property loss except deep shock. Nobody knew about this accident - it happened on office service road where nobody cleans snow nor sprays any salt. I doubt people say that I was on drugs to clean off from any responsibility - anyway I am not holding them responsible for any of my accidents. I am thankful to my office for helping me out in my difficult times. And no - I have never taken drugs - I was stressed probably due to lack of sleep).I strongly believe that the incidents in point 1 were created to harm my medical history. And gain insurance benefits on my behalf in United States by group of Patni and Motorola employees. All my e-mails were hacked, phone communication blocked, I was prevented to get legal help and my letterbox lock was broken and letters filtered. Since I was sharing my apartment with other Patni colleagues, it was easier for them to get access to my personal mails, documents, etc and misuse them.I was quite disturbed emotionally when I returned back to US after meeting my family in India. I shared things with my manager and colleagues. And they talked to my wife. Later I noted that my colleague was talking to someone who had my wife's voice (via laptop - probably voice modulation/morphing/imitation and other advanced techniques were used). It was very disturbing as he told that it was her girlfriend and the voice was different when he did something on laptop. This was part of point 1 things.I had reported all incidents within Patni and I believe they also had taken appropriate actions.I resigned from KPIT Cummins in 2011 because:Past experience on personal front was not good and being in IT company have similar work environment, that makes you remember past. And there was no bonding after 2006 incidents with anyone in Patni. And it was continuing here. So it wasn't helping me. However it offered better salary and overseas assignment at different place. Also, Thane/Mumbai was my only choice as I had my education in Mumbai. But I selected Pune over Bangalore offers, something I wasn't convinced due to personal preferences.Yes, I haven't joined anywhere after 2011. There were great offers but either I wasn't clear what I wanted to do when I received relevant jobs OR I missed them OR I didn't got what I wanted. You must read this -Lav Khandelwal's answer to What is the meaning of "in God we trust, rest bring data"?Based on the comment received -You must read my other answers on Quora as well as read my profile to understand the losses/gains plus gross and forced misuse/misutilization of people by so-called Leaders (well, the term is used in same context as it was used within GE since years).So why don't I do it myself ? The goals visualized in (Lav Khandelwal's answer to What is the meaning of "in God we trust, rest bring data"?) seems so tiring to me, just during thinking (combined with or without my personal goals) - i just lose all my physical and mental energy even before starting. And this is after the experience and exposure in the best companies, excellent education, certifications, lots of on-the-job or otherwise trainings {be it's APICS or ASQ or GE or Patni training, Six Sigma - Green and Black Belt, project management, IT security, Behavorial, various application related ones - technical or business related or process related, leadership trainings, etc} OR various self-read areas in business, technology, management, different sciences, fiction, nonfiction, investments, humans, tens of different certification areas in IT or Business Analysis or ASQ or SCM or APICS or project selection or Oracle EBS or various other topics under the sun. I will need right group and team again (either to directly or indirectly support it), and I am looking for it (I wish I have or can develop the necessary skill-sets for leading it). Or I would need suitable job/career opportunities to achieve the things myself by building necessary skills.And I am also looking forward to get back with my wife Pinakshi and daughter Anoushka, despite whatever be the opinion of anyone in the world. I don't care. I also doubt unnecessary ego issues and demands among family members for our fake divorce case.BTW: A very important disclosure: I was taken to psychiatrist ward by US Police. It happened when I tried reaching people after some negative incidents (I was given acid in food items by Patni employees working at Motorola).And people are given useless psychiatrist knowledge + some medicines samples - coming from various sources - authorised or mostly unauthorised. Shall I raise it to the top for illegal and corrupt activities + practices ? This can result in banning of your business in most parts of the India, world any may be US also. Keep check on your fresh employees and their activities. You'll reach the managers/community/sect behind that. It's a suggestion to keep you Executives safe from illegal activities your employees are engaged into.Read this as wellLav Khandelwal's answer to What is the history of cyber terrorism? What is being done to get rid of this?Lav Khandelwal's answer to What is the meaning of "in God we trust, rest bring data"?Sometimes I feel that the US and Mumbai harassment incidents and Doctor visits were part of big game wherein few people whose relatives or friends are doctors wanted to encash the insurance benefits + give doctors some work and hence money. I had spent a fortune on healthy food + gym + routine that supports best health of an athletes. And some idiots gave me drugs to harm me, so that they can take me to their doctor friends and pay them to get insurance or company reimbursement. I was so fit and healthy that I could even go for world cup or Olympics. Talwalkar’s name wasn't built by supporting doctors and their organizations. He was VJTI grad and I am proud that I was part of his health and fitness team in 2008 or 2009. His team was equivalently good at achieving and maintaining Physical and Mental health (though, I always trusted myself for food, etc + it's research, even though the nutritionist visiting my company had been one of the best and was quite helpful). So who is benefiting from my health issues ? Shall I ask it to be investigated ? As**o*** say that it was hallucinations. However, it is not hallucinations, but the fact. These are the people who were not happy with Pinakshi and my marriage. And tried with all the might to separate us. They even used official Doctors network. Thank God !!! We were never divorced. The price is pending to be paid by all culprits.Can't disclose any details of places I am associated with after 2011 to anyone. As I am not in job :-) after I left in 2011. It was due to non-clarity on various fronts - personal and professional.I don't know but I would like to share something that happened with me. I am not sure of the truth in it, however, I want to share it what happened and what I felt. (Again doubt and have no evidence but it does keep me from trusting anyone)I recently realized that few of my relatives wanted me to move back to family after I joined job. So they got me married (same with my sister) in a family with some medical, business and political contacts. I was given something that resulted in development of thyroid in 2001. Later I was tracked in US, drugged and admitted in psychiatric ward/mental hospital in 2006, so that I may not be considered for any good job in any company. Later they called a doctor from Mental Hospital (along with famous neurologist, thankfully changed very recently in July 2019) and rented him the premises so he can write and make any fake medical history of mine. So you can see, the games being played by various family members. Few lost their lives probably due to different intervention in the process, but they still don't sit still. They hacked my mails and sent irrelevant medical records to prospective companies so they don't hire me. Don't you think corrupt Doctor(s) deserve a life long visit to jail ?? (Felt it was due to my severe car accident in US few years after my brother's demise or insecurity of my wife in India when I was alone in US or some sort of groupism by different business/political/state/city or parents wish for me to be in Indore)By the way, my wife Pinakshi, Patni and may be GE colleagues also had been helpful, though I had faced many hassles and problems (I wish things were handled properly), in uncovering many of my issues that were not handled properly since childhood. I am thankful for that, but it doesn't meant I ignored the problems plus involvement of other people without my permission.I still love GE for giving me the Corporate Credit Card as soon as I joined from college campus (though expenses are reviewed periodically and only approved if justified). And hence the freedom to spend on behalf of the company.By the way, read this as well:Lav Khandelwal's answer to What is the history of cyber terrorism? What is being done to get rid of this?Lav Khandelwal's answer to How is the deposit of a flat decided while renting in mumbai?Lav Khandelwal's answer to What is something you want to "get off your chest"?Lav Khandelwal's answer to Before traveling outside India do I have to update my passport address in India?Lav Khandelwal's answer to How good is a salary of 12 LPA in Bangalore for a 22-year-old if he/she is staying at home with his/her family?

NO. Evidence shows increased pestilence happens when the earth is cooling not warming. Cooler and wet summers and more flooding cause infestations to rise.Extreme flooding recorded during the Little Ice Age when many perished. Even in semi- tropical regions like Brazil the summers are wetter and the winters cooler for more plague.This means a reverse question: does the coronavirus plague shake the tree of the global warming theory?Covid 19 and climate change / global warming are the much exaggerated fears of our century. They are two peas in a pod in the overreaction with blanket lockdowns and carbon taxes imposed without founded science.Research Article | Open AccessVolume 2017 |Article ID 5058085 | 25 pages | The Effect of Seasonal Weather Variation on the Dynamics of the Plague DiseaseThe Effect of Seasonal Weather Variation on the Dynamics of the Plague DiseaseRigobert C. Ngeleja ,1 Livingstone S. Luboobi ,1,2 and Yaw Nkansah-Gyekye11. IntroductionPlague is the ancient disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and has had significant effects on human societies throughout the history [1]. Dynamics of plague disease are the result of complex interactions between human beings, rodent population, flea population, and pathogens in the environment. Seasonal variation particularly temperature, humidity, rainfall, and precipitation greatly affects the normal transmission capacity of plague disease by either lowering it or raising it. It affects pathogen in the environment, fleas, rodents, and even human behavior by altering their normal immigration rate, death rate, survival rate, and infectious capability [2].People walk in the flooded street during a period of seasonal high water in Venice, Italy, November 15, 2019. This week saw the city's worst flooding in 50 years. REUTERS/Manuel SilvestriHype Exposed: Central Europe GETTING WETTER (Not Drier) Since Industrialization BeganBy P Gosselin on 27. May 2020Central Europe has been getting WETTER over the long term, and not drier like much media like to suggest. Dry years are nothing new.Lately in Central Europe we’ve been hearing a lot about drought becoming the new normal – all because of man-made global warming, of course.Lots of hype made from 2 years of “drought”For example, Latest breaking news available as free video on demand | Euronews here reported that the single dry year of 2018 should be a “wake-up call for climate change”.Scientist Peter Hoffmann from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research expects even more frequent drought-producing omega highs blocking in the future – due to climate change.Today the media keep reporting Central Europe’s current dry conditions, which have persisted over the past two years, as if they have been unprecedented. Is it really so?Data tell another storyCentral Europe was far drier back when CO2 was below 300 ppm, before 1900. Long-term trend has been towards a wetter climate. Data: German DWD National Weather Service.It’s useful to go back again and look at the precipitation data for Germany – which well represents Central Europe.Central Europe was far drier back when CO2 was below 300 ppm, before 1900. Long-term trend has been towards a wetter climate. Data: German DWD National Weather Service.Hat-tip: Schneefan.As the chart above shows, extremely dry years like 2018 happened before, and 2019 precipitation was even well within the 10% variability range.Also the 30-year period of 1881-1920 was far drier than the most recent 30 years. Nothing unusual is happening.So the next time you hear doom and gloom reports from the COVID-19 hysteria media about Europe’s droughts being the new normal and we’re all gonna dry up and die unless we lock down fossil fuels, just dismiss them as more fake news."Not here to worship what is known, but to question it" - Jacob Bronowski. Climate and energy news from Germany in English - by Pierre L. GosselinTHE RATIONAL CLIMATE E-BOOK by Patrice Peyot“The first thing to observe, is that CO2 will not change more the fate of mankind than COVID-19 has. As cruel as the death of a loved one is in every family, reasoning must distance itself from the emotions. Each year, 60 million people die worldwide (Ritchie, 2019) and would none of the 1.11 million who died of COVID-19 as of late Oct. 2020 have died this year of something else (which is a doubtful hypothesis as most were elderly with medical pre-conditions and previous morbidity), then COVID-19 will account at most in the worse case for just 1,85% of the annual death toll so far and will hardly reach 2% by year end; Furthermore, 1.11 million over 7.8 billion is a tiny 0.0142% of the world population, do you think it is going to change anything to mankind's fate on this planet? Thus, this leaves us with 98% of the deaths to be attributed to another cause.So when Gates (2020) states “A global crisis has shocked the world. It is causing a tragic number of deaths, making people afraid to leave home, and leading to economic hardship not seen in many generations. Its effects are rippling across the world”, one will notice that the tragedy and the economic devastation does not result of COVID-19, but of the inappropriate measures taken by most governments and local authorities worldwide, reproved by many health practitioners (UHP, 2020). As Grannis (2020) puts it “The shutdown of the US economy will prove to be the most expensive self-inflicted injury in the history of mankind”.Sweden and a few other countries have taken another route and resorted to the responsibility of their citizen by informing them and letting them free of taking what appropriate measures they deemed necessary for their protection and to let the virus propagate until herd immunity would be obtained. Did Sweden fare worse than the others who enforced extraordinarily coercive measures violating the most fundamental human rights? Certainly not!Furthermore, not accounted for by the COVID-19 statistics will be the host of mental illnesses, people committing suicide because they will no longer succeed to feed their families, all deaths that result not of COVID-19 but of the desire to protect us against our will by enacting at all levels, i.e. governments, local authorities, etc. regulations and decrees that have simply trampled our most basic freedoms, i.e. to go to work, to move around, to freely travel, to meet who we needed or wished when we wanted, etc.Pages 300–301The Rational Climate e-BookThis book addresses all aspects of climate and paleo-climates, from atmospheric physics, to astronomical influences and geological and geochemical drivers. It covers the computer models claiming to simulate the climate and the policies that are projected from themhttps://patricepoyet.org/COVID Lockdowns May Have No Clear Benefit vs Other Voluntary Measures, International Study ShowsBY NATALIE COLAROSSION 1/14/21 AT 11:41 AM ESTWhat Is Herd Immunity? How To Achieve It And Why It Can Be Controversial Amid COVID-19NEWS CORONAVIRUS PANDEMICS HEALTH AND SCIENCEA study evaluating COVID-19 responses around the world found that mandatory lockdown orders early in the pandemic may not provide significantly more benefits to slowing the spread of the disease than other voluntary measures, such as social distancing or travel reduction.The peer reviewed study was published in the European Journal of Clinical Investigation on January 5, and analyzed coronavirus case growth in 10 countries in early 2020.The study compared cases in England, France, Germany, Iran, Italy, Netherlands, Spain and the U.S. – all countries that implemented mandatory lockdown orders and business closures – to South Korea and Sweden, which instituted less severe, voluntary responses. It aimed to analyze the effect that less restrictive or more restrictive measures had on changing individual behavior and curbing the transmission of the virus.The researchers used a mathematical model to compare countries that did and did not enact more restrictive lockdown orders, and determined that there was "no clear, significant beneficial effect of [more restrictive measures] on case growth in any country.""We do not question the role of all public health interventions, or of coordinated communications about the epidemic, but we fail to find an additional benefit of stay-at-home orders and business closures," the research said.However, the researchers also acknowledged that the study had limitations, and noted that "cross-country comparisons are difficult," since nations may have different rules, cultures, and relationships between their government and citizenry.The study was conducted by researchers affiliated with Stanford University, and was co-authored by Jay Bhattacharya, a professor of medicine and economics who has been a vocal opponent of coronavirus lockdowns since March.Bhattacharya was also among a group of scientists who wrote The Great Barrington Declaration, a controversial statement that encouraged governments to lift lockdown restrictions to achieve herd immunity among young and healthy people, while focusing protections on the elderly.For additional context, other studies have oppositely determined that lockdown orders have effectively saved millions of lives.A new study shows that mandatory lockdown orders may not provide more significant benefits to curbing the spread of COVID-19 vs voluntary measures such as social distancing and travel restrictions. Here, one pedestrian walks on the pavement in central London in the morning on March 24, 2020 after Britain ordered a lockdown.JUSTIN TALLIS/GETTYA study published in the journal Nature by researchers at Imperial College London in June found that some 3.1 million deaths had been averted due to lockdowns across Europe early on in the pandemic."This data suggests that without any interventions, such as lockdown and school closures, there could have been many more deaths from COVID-19. The rate of transmission has declined from high levels to ones under control in all European countries we study," Dr. Samir Bhatt, an author of the study from Imperial College London said in June, according to the university."Careful consideration should now be given to the continued measures that are needed to keep SARS-CoV-2 transmission under control," he added.A second study published alongside that report in Nature, and led by scientists in the United States, found that 530 million coronavirus infections had been avoided due to early lockdowns in China, South Korea, Italy, Iran, France and the United States, according to the news outlet.Mandatory lockdown orders have also been a highly politicized issue across the U.S.Some Republican leaders, including Florida Governor Ron DeSantis and Mississippi Governor Tate Reeves, have vehemently opposed state or nationwide closures to curb the spread of COVID-19. In Democratic states, including New York and California, lockdown orders have been a consistent part of the coronavirus response since March.According to a poll released by Vox and Data for Progress on December 24, more than half of Americans said they would support a nationwide lockdown for one month.But President-elect Joe Biden said in an interview in November that he had no intention of implementing a national shutdown when he takes office on January 20."I'm not going to shut down the economy. I'm going to shut down the virus," Biden said. "There is no circumstance which I can see that would require a total national shutdown. I think that would be counterproductive."As of Thursday, the United States had recorded over 23 million COVID cases and 385,178 deaths since the start of the pandemic, according to Johns Hopkins University.COVID lockdowns may have no clear benefit vs other voluntary measures, international study shows125-year mini ice age linked to the plague and fall of empiresEARTH 8 February 2016By Penny SarchetThe Course of Empire: The Destruction (1836) by Thomas ColeEmpires caught a chillNew York Historical Society/GettyWinter was coming. In AD 536, the first of three massive volcanic eruptions ushered in a mini ice age. It coincided with an epidemic of the plague, the decline of the eastern Roman Empire, and sweeping upheavals across Eurasia.Now we have the first evidence that the disruption to climate continued a lot longer than a decade, as was previously thought. The extended cold period lasted until around 660, affecting Europe and Central Asia, and perhaps the rest of the world too.The work builds on research that used ice cores to identify three significant volcanic eruptions in the years 536, 540 and 547. Now Ulf Büntgen at the Swiss Federal Research Institute in Birmensdorf and his colleagues have used tree ring data from Europe and Central Asia to show that decades of cooler summers – in some cases 4 °C cooler – ensued, probably caused by volcanic particulates in the atmosphere.Over this time, average summer temperatures would have been roughly 2 °C below those from 1961 to 1990, the standard reference period for studies of this kind.This long cold spell coincided with a period of widespread social turmoil across Eurasia, including the plague sweeping across Eastern Europe, Chinese dynasties changing, the Slavs expanding across Europe, and the transformation of the eastern Roman empire into the Byzantine empire.“There was dramatic social, cultural, and political change in this period,” says Shaun Tougher, a historian at Cardiff University, UK, who was not involved in the research. “Perhaps aspects of the changes were exacerbated by a colder period.”Stress on societies“Suggesting climate caused complex events in human history like the fall of empires is controversial,” says geographer Francis Ludlow of Trinity College Dublin in Ireland. “Ultimately [though], there can be very little doubt that these sorts of abrupt climatic events place great stress on societies, and can sometimes tip them over the edge.”This could have helped speed the demise of what remained of the Roman empire, by then restricted to the Mediterranean, which lost land and power during the mini ice age. The shorter growing season would have affected crops, and this could have led to famine and made people more vulnerable to disease.“Such climatic disruption could have contributed to the movement of plague-bearing rodents into the empire,” says historian Doug Lee of the University of Nottingham, UK.It wasn’t just the Romans who suffered – the eastern Türk empire around modern-day Mongolia and the Northern Wei and Sui dynasties in China also fell during this time.Weather winnersThis period is what historians refer to as Late Antiquity, and so Büntgen’s team named the cooling event the Late Antique Little Ice Age.It could have been more severe than the later, better-known Little Ice Age. “Based on this study, we would say this episode was the coolest over the last 2000 years,” says Büntgen.The period had its share of winners too. “In any period of changing climate, there will be some regions and societies that are better able to adapt,” says Ludlow.The Arabian peninsula may have been one area that benefited, perhaps becoming less dry during this time, says Büntgen. “We argue that this was a time when increased vegetation in this area could have been useful for nomadic people or for feeding camels.” This could helped Arab peoples move into Europe and take land from the Romans.Other winners during this period include the Lombards, who invaded Italy, and the early Slavic languages, which seemed to have spread across most of continental Europe at this time from an unknown homeland.Journal reference: Nature Geosciences, DOI: 10.1038/NGEO2652Read more: AD 536: The year that winter never endedRead more: 125-year mini ice age linked to the plague and fall of empiresNote the evidence is overwhelming that global warming is not happening as solar activity goes blank and winters happen earlier and longer.This question is only a red herring without any foundation but there is very real issue as to whether the coronavirus was bioengineered and not sourced from bats or wet markets.How COVID-19 was madeThere is ongoing censorship, even in the scientific literature, to restrict publication of information contrary to the accepted narrative that COVID-19 is naturally-occurring.What follows is not an analysis of motivations or an indictment meant to assign blame, but a history of scientific investigation that eventually led to COVID-19.A recent news article published in the scientific journal Nature noted, that while it is important to find the origin of COVID-19 to prevent reinfection, it has been difficult pinpointing the source.“It is quite possible we won’t find it. In fact, it would be exceptionally lucky if we land on something,” said Lucy van Dorp, a geneticist from University College London.It may indeed be impossible to identify a natural source, if COVID-19 was the product of bioengineering…. Read more details at this site.The fact that no natural source of COVID-19 has been identified, that scientific evidence exists suggesting bioengineering and the clear ability to do so, all demand an expanded investigation as to its origin.Climate, Ecology, and Infectious DiseaseCSUN History Professor Explores Similarities Between COVID-19 and Bubonic Plagueon August 31, 2020An illustration from the 14th century of how people saw the plague. Image courtesy of Clementine OliverSeveral centuries may have passed, but California State University, Northridge history professor Clementine Oliver has noticed several parallels between the current COVID-19 crisis and the bubonic plague of the 14th century, including culture shifts and changes in society that resulted from both pandemics.Also known as the “Black Death” because one of its most common symptoms, blackened and swollen lymph nodes, the bubonic plague widely affected Europe and Asia. About 25 million people died due to it between 1346 and 1351.Oliver noted similarities between the actual viruses — the plague had a pneumonic form that can be spread through coughing and breathing, like COVID-19 — as well as similarities in how society responded to the viruses.CSUN History Professor Explores Similarities Between COVID-19 and Bubonic PlagueAdditional Reasons for Being Concerned: BioterrorChina bubonic plague: Beijing seals off village as panicked experts confirm black deathCHINESE officials have been forced to close off a village in the country after an outbreak of the bubonic plague this week.By BILL MCLOUGHLINPUBLISHED: 11:58, Tue, Aug 11, 2020China bubonic plague: Beijing seals off village as panicked experts confirm black deathBubonic Plague emergence near Wuhan ‘sowing seeds for worst pandemic in history’ revealedTHE Bubonic Plague has been confirmed to have infected one person in China's Inner Mongolia province, with authorities placing the city of Bayan Nur under a level three warning for epidemic control, but it is not the first time the infamous disease has wreaked havoc.By CALLUM HOAREPUBLISHED: 00:50, Tue, Jul 7, 2020| UPDATED: 10:27, Tue, Jul 7, 2020Solar “Grand Minima” Preparedness Plan i.e. Little Ice Age Preparedness PlanBy James Marusekhttp://www.breadandbutterscience.com/GMDPP.pdfThe second threat is the Bubonic Plague. Yersinia Pestis is a pathogen that has undergone large-scale genetic flux. Global cooling at the beginning of the Dark Ages began in 536 A.D. An outbreak of the Bubonic Plague struck Constantinople 6 years later. It was caused by a very deadly variant of the Yersinia Pestis bacillus that used fleas (and rats) as a plague transport mechanism. This plague was referred to as the Plague of Justine.As it swept from the Middle East to the Mediterranean Basin, approximately 50 percent of population perished. Impact, 2009 James A. Marusek 35 Global cooling at the beginning of the first Little Ice Age began in 1315 A.D. An outbreak of the Bubonic Plague struck the Chinese Gobi Desert 15 years later.This deadly variant of the Yersinia Pestis bacillus killed 35 million Asians and spread westward where it killed approximately 1/3 of the European population. The plague was known as the Black Death. It came in three variants: bubonic plague, primary septicemic plague, and the pneumonic plague. To date, this deadly bacillus has been responsible for 200 million human deaths.The flea/rat/human plague route still exists today. As a result, the Earth is a fertile ground for the next great plague. If a mutated form of the bubonic plague were to infect the rat population, the results could be devastating. For example, it is estimated that the number of rats living in New York City alone is in the 44-96 million range. The estimated rat population in the United States may exceed 300 million.One method to combat this threat is to destroy a critical link in the transmission route, namely the fleas. Over the past few years, many inexpensive pesticides that have been shown to be highly effective in flea control have been driven off the market. I recommend we reevaluate the safety concerns with these products in relationship with the benefits that might be gained by halting the spread of the bubonic plague. (I suspect these safety concerns have been overblown by the radical environmental movement and will not stand up to real scientific scrutiny.) Another approach is immunization. While going through basic training in the military, I underwent a series of immunization shots. One of these was for the bubonic plague. Of all the immunizations that I received in my lifetime, this was the only one that physically affected me. Almost immediately after receiving the shot, I could feel my body going wobbly. Several individuals in my squad fainted. It underlies the potency of the bubonic plague to produce death. The immunizations should be voluntary. Some individuals will have a severe reaction to this immunization. The shot is several times more potent than the Smallpox vaccination. I recommend individuals not underestimate the lethality of the Bubonic Plague and obtain this immunization.Colder and snowy winters are evidence against global warming according to the UN IPCC when they predicted the end of snow.This prediction could not be further from the truth as is the best evidence that the null hypothesis i.e. “there is no global warming” is true.Prolonged temperature drop debunks any fear of a climate crisis from warming.The flu and Covid-19 are classic winter respiratory disease not happening in the tropics. See this data on the virus and you will see it is a Northern Hemisphere health problem almost entirely.Vancouver is the earliest infected in Feb and now leads Canada with flattening the curve and few deaths and Vancouver has an unusually warm March while Eastern North America had record cold winter that is still extent. This shows the opposite of the question as also is evident during the brutal Little Ice Age.Frost fairs in London as the Thames iced over during the Little Ice AgeReferences supporting the aboveEmerging Infectious DiseasesMalaria in England in the Little Ice AgePaul Reiter, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto RicoDISCLOSURESEmerging Infectious Diseases. 2000;6(1)·0Read CommentsAbstract and IntroductionPresent global temperatures are in a warming phase that began 200 to 300 years ago. Some climate models suggest that human activities may have exacerbated this phase by raising the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Discussions of the potential effects of the weather include predictions that malaria will emerge from the tropics and become established in Europe and North America. The complex ecology and transmission dynamics of the disease, as well as accounts of its early history, refute such predictions. Until the second half of the 20th century, malaria was endemic and widespread in many temperate regions, with major epidemics as far north as the Arctic Circle. From 1564 to the 1730s--the coldest period of the Little Ice Age--malaria was an important cause of illness and death in several parts of England. Transmission began to decline only in the 19th century, when the present warming trend was well under way. The history of the disease in England underscores the role of factors other than temperature in malaria transmission.The earth's climate has always been in a state of change. The past 250 to 300 years have seen a fairly steady warming trendhttps://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/414687_1The real reason germs spread in the winterBy David Robson18th October 2015Flu season is a fact of life – but until recently, no one knew why. The answer hinges on the disgusting ways that germs pass between people.IIt begins as surely as the leaves dropping off the trees. As the mercury drops and the sunlight fades, the sniffles set in. At best, it’s just a cold that leaves us with the strange feeling that we’ve swallowed a cheese grater; if we’re unlucky, our body is wracked with a high fever and aching limbs for up a week or longer. We have flu.The flu season arrives so predictably, and affects so many of us, that it’s hard to believe that scientists have had very little idea why cold weather helps germs to spread. Over the last five years, however, they have finally come up with an answer that might just offer a way to stem the tide of infection – and it revolves around a rather grim fact about the ways that your sneezes linger in the air.The fact that it is simply colder in winter can’t explain the yearly flu seasonA new understanding of influenza couldn’t come quickly enough; worldwide, up to five million people catch the illness each flu season, and around a quarter of a million die from it. Part of its potency comes from the fact that the virus changes so quickly that the body is rarely prepared for the next season’s strain. “The antibodies we’ve built up no longer recognise the virus – so we lose our immunity,” says Jane Metz at the University of Bristol. It also makes it harder to develop effective vaccines, and although you can engineer a new jab for each strain, governments often fail to persuade enough people to take it up.Germs can linger for a long time on an underground train (Credit: Getty Images)The hope is that by understanding better why flu spreads in winter, but naturally fades in summer, doctors could find simple measures to stop its spread. Previous theories had centred on our behaviour. We spend more time indoors in the winter, meaning that we’re in closer contact with other people who may be carrying germs. We’re more likely to take public transport, for instance – and as we’re pressed against spluttering commuters, misting up the windows with their coughs and sneezes, it’s easy to see how this could send us over a tipping point that allows flu to spread through a population.Without much sunlight, we may run low on Vitamin D, weakening the immune systemAnother popular idea concerned our physiology: the cold weather wears down your body’s defences against infection. In the short days of winter, without much sunlight, we may run low on Vitamin D, which helps power the body’s immune system, making us more vulnerable to infection. What’s more, when we breathe in cold air, the blood vessels in our nose may constrict to stop us losing heat. This may prevent white blood cells (the warriors that fight germs) from reaching our mucus membranes and killing any viruses that we inhale, allowing them to slip past our defences unnoticed. (It could be for this reason that we tend to catch a cold if we go outside with wet hair.)While such factors will both play some role in transmission, analyses suggested that they couldn’t completely explain the yearly emergence of flu season. Instead, the answer may have been lying invisible in the air that we breathe. Thanks to the laws of thermodynamics, cold air can carry less water vapour before it reaches the “dew point” and falls as rain. So while the weather outside may seem wetter, the air itself is drier as it loses the moisture. And a steady stream of research over the past few years has shown that these dry conditions seem to offer the perfect environment for the flu virus to flourish.In winter, we’re more likely to take public transport, pressed against wet windows and spluttering commuters (Credit: iStock)Lab experiments, for instance, have looked at the way flu spreads among groups of guinea pigs. In moister air, the epidemic struggles to build momentum, whereas in drier conditions it spreads like wildfire. And comparing 30 years’ worth of climate records with health records, Jeffrey Shaman at Columbia University and colleagues found that flu epidemics almost always followed a drop in air humidity.In fact, the overlap of the graphs was so close, “you could pretty much put one on top of each other,” says Metz, who together with Adam Finn, recently reviewed all the evidence for the Journal of Infection. The finding has now been replicated many times including analyses of the 2009 Swine flu pandemic.In winter, you are breathing a cocktail of dead cells, mucus and viruses from everyone who has visited the room recentlyThat’s counter-intuitive – we normally think that the damp makes us ill, rather than protects us from disease. But to understand why, you need to grasp the peculiar dynamics of our coughs and sneezes. Any time we splutter with a cold, we expel a mist of particles from our nose and mouths. In moist air, these particles may remain relatively large, and drop to the floor. But in dry air, they break up into smaller pieces – eventually becoming so small that they can stay aloft for hours or days. (It’s a bit like the mist you get when you turn a hose pipe to its finest spray.) The result is that in winter, you are breathing a cocktail of dead cells, mucus and viruses from anyone and everyone who has visited the room recently.What’s more, water vapour in the air seems to be toxic to the virus itself. Perhaps by changing the acidity or salt concentration in the packet of mucus, moist air may deform the virus’s surface, meaning that it loses the weaponry that normally allows us to attack our cells. In contrast, viruses in drier air can float around and stay active for hours – until it is inhaled or ingested, and can lodge in the cells in your throat.There are some exceptions to the general rule. Although the air on aeroplanes is generally dry, it does not seem to increase the risk of catching influenza – perhaps because the air conditioning itself filters out any germs before they have a chance to circulate. And although the dry air seems to fuel the spread of flu in the temperate regions of Europe and North America, some contradictory results suggest the germs may act somewhat differently in more tropical areas.In particularly warm and wet conditions, the virus may end up sticking to more surfaces within a roomOne explanation is that in particularly warm and wet conditions of a tropical climate, the virus may end up sticking to more surfaces within a room. So although it can’t survive in the air so well, the flu virus could instead be thriving on everything that you touch, making it more likely to pass from hand to mouth.To understand why dry air makes us ill, you need to understand the peculiar dynamics of our coughs and sneezes (Credit: Getty Images)But in the northern hemisphere at least, these findings could offer a simple way to kill the germs while they are still hanging in the air. Tyler Koep, then at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, has estimated that simply running an air humidifier in a school for one hour could kill around 30% of the viruses flying around the air. Similar measures could (almost literally) pour cold water on other disease hotspots – such as hospital waiting rooms or public transport. “It would be a way of curbing the large outbreaks that occur every few years as the flu virus changes,” he says. “The potential impact in the cost of work days missed, schools days missed, and healthcare, would be substantial.”Can wearing a surgical mask help prevent a cold? Not always (Credit: Getty Images)Shaman is now working on further trials, though he thinks that it will involve a tricky balancing act. “Though higher humidity is associated with lower survival rates for influenza, there are other pathogens, such as pathogenic mould, that thrive at higher humidity,” he says. “So care must be taken with humidification – it's not solely beneficial.”The scientists are keen to emphasise that measures like vaccines and good personal hygiene are still the best ways to protect yourself; using water vapour to kill the germs would just offer an additional line of attack. But when you are dealing with an enemy as mercurial and pervasive as the flu virus, you need to use every possible weapon in your arsenal.https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20151016-the-real-reason-germs-spread-in-the-winterThe complexity of climate and viruses make models false predictors. “… we have massively overestimated the fatality of covid-19.” Stanford Professor. Pestilence rises as earth cools.Stanford Professor: Data Indicates We’re Severely Overreacting To CoronavirusPerspectives on the Pandemic:Empty streets in New YorkDealing with Coronavirus, a fiasco in the making? As the coronavirus pandemic takes hold, we are making decisions without reliable data.Dr John P.A. Ioannidis is a professor of medicine and professor of epidemiology and population health, as well as professor by courtesy of biomedical data science at Stanford University School of Medicine, professor by courtesy of statistics at Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, and co-director of the Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS) at Stanford University.In an analysis published Tuesday, Stanford’s John P.A. Ioannidis — co-director of the university’s Meta-Research Innovation Center and professor of medicine, biomedical data science, statistics, and epidemiology and population health — suggests that the response to the coronavirus pandemic may be “a fiasco in the making” because we are making seismic decisions based on “utterly unreliable” data. The data we do have, Ioannidis explains, indicates that we are likely severely overreacting.“The current coronavirus disease, Covid-19, has been called a once-in-a-century pandemic. But it may also be a once-in-a-century evidence fiasco,” Ioannidis writes in an opinion piece published by STAT on Tuesday.“Draconian countermeasures have been adopted in many countries. If the pandemic dissipates — either on its own or because of these measures — short-term extreme social distancing and lockdowns may be bearable,” the statistician writes. “How long, though, should measures like these be continued if the pandemic churns across the globe unabated? How can policymakers tell if they are doing more good than harm?”The woefully inadequate data we have so far, the meta-research specialist argues, indicates that the extreme measures taken by many countries are likely way out of line and may result in ultimately unnecessary and catastrophic consequences. Due to extremely limited testing, we are likely missing “the vast majority of infections” from COVID-19, he states, thus making reported fatality rates from the World Health Organization “meaningless.”“Patients who have been tested for SARS-CoV-2 are disproportionately those with severe symptoms and bad outcomes,” Ioannidis explains. With very limited testing in many health systems, he suggests, that “selection bias” may only get worse going forward.Ioannidis then zooms in on the “one situation” where “an entire, closed population was tested”: the Diamond Princess cruise ship’s quarantined passengers. While the fatality rate was 1.0%, he points out, the population was largely elderly, the most at-risk demographic. Projected out onto the age structure of the U.S. population, he calculates, the death rate is more like 0.125%, with a range of 0.025% to 0.625% based on the sample size:Projecting the Diamond Princess mortality rate onto the age structure of the U.S. population, the death rate among people infected with Covid-19 would be 0.125%. But since this estimate is based on extremely thin data — there were just seven deaths among the 700 infected passengers and crew — the real death rate could stretch from five times lower (0.025%) to five times higher (0.625%). It is also possible that some of the passengers who were infected might die later, and that tourists may have different frequencies of chronic diseases — a risk factor for worse outcomes with SARS-CoV-2 infection — than the general population. Adding these extra sources of uncertainty, reasonable estimates for the case fatality ratio in the general U.S. population vary from 0.05% to 1%.“That huge range markedly affects how severe the pandemic is and what should be done,” Ioannidis stresses. “A population-wide case fatality rate of 0.05% is lower than seasonal influenza. If that is the true rate, locking down the world with potentially tremendous social and financial consequences may be totally irrational. It’s like an elephant being attacked by a house cat. Frustrated and trying to avoid the cat, the elephant accidentally jumps off a cliff and dies.”For those who argue that the high fatality rate among elderly people indicates that the death rate cannot be as low as 0.05%, the professor notes that “even some so-called mild or common-cold-type coronaviruses that have been known for decades can have case fatality rates as high as 8% when they infect elderly people in nursing homes.” (Read the full opinion piece here.)The climate conundrum rising CO2 despite lockdowns verifies natural sources so dominate the human emissions are immaterial.Recent Daily Average Mauna Loa CO2January 03:415.46 ppmJanuary 02:415.14 ppmJanuary 01:415.54 ppmDecember 31:415.15 ppmDecember 30:415.23 ppmLast Updated: January 4, 2021Mauna Loa Global Monitoring Laboratory.Brazilian scientists and academics write an Open Letter on the “science” of the #coronavirus pandemicCharles Rotter / 4 hours ago May 31, 2020From CONEXÃPOLÍTICAThe coordinator of the statement is Marcos Nogueira Eberlin. He is a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences and holds a PhD in chemistry from the University of Campinas. After postdoctoral work at Purdue, he founded the Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, growing it into a highly distinguished lab and supervising some 200 graduate and post-doctoral students, scientists who today work as researchers and professionals all around the globe.Text of letter:The “science” of the PandemicDuring this pandemic, the term “science” has been used “ad nauseam”, that is, has been repeated to exhaustion: “Science, science, science”, “I’m pro-science”, “For from the science, through the science and to the science I guide my decisions and acts” and “I am, therefore, fully right to do so”. It is clear that the intention here is to lead all of us to the idea of ​​decisions based on something unquestionable and infallible, as scientific as law, as the law of gravity.Groups of “science experts” or famous YouTube scientists, many of them still “beginners” in science, some of them with a minimal or no experience in fighting pandemics, are selected by the establishment and the media to give “scientific aura” for the lockdown and the condemnation of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as an ineffective drug; worse, as a deadly poison.That disastrous apocalyptic simulations from the “Imperial College” – this pompous name that brings us to the idea of ​​a center of excellence of infallible, omnipotent and unquestionable knowledge, an “College of the Empire” – are being used to place everyone at home, and then, to compare data as being the absolute reference of the truth. “We did something and as a result, we reduced those many deaths. Therefore: ‘blessed be the science!’”.But what kind of “science” is that to which they are appealing? And who, in the name of this “science”, would be allowed to speak? Science (I know that there are controversies, as scientists even debate on its meaning) is “the dispassionate search for the truth about the Universe and life”. But ironically, we seek truths that we don’t even know what those truths would be like, or where they would be found. For this reason, sometimes, ironically, even when scientists find a truth that is indeed true, yet they doubt that they have found it. We literally zigzag in the dark, searching for solutions to our problems. Therefore, we sometimes say that: “eating eggs is bad, it increases cholesterol”; and sometimes: “eggs are good, eat at ease”.Richard Feynman put it this way: “Science is the culture of doubt”. And I would add, “science is the culture of debate, of divergence of opinions”.Rarely, there are situations in which we reach consensus in science, even a momentary consensus. Some defend the “Big Bang” and the theory of evolution, others, including myself, are skeptical of them. Some defend with data and papers the central role of men in global warming, others defend, with the same data and papers, that human activity is irrelevant. Scientists are human beings, therefore, skeptics and enquirers who can and should speak for themselves, like all scientists have the right to do, but NEVER A SCIENTIST OR A GROUP OF THEM CAN DECLARE TO BE AUTHORIZED TO SPEAK IN THE NAME OF SCIENCE!Nobody, absolutely nobody is allowed to speak for science or declare that he is “been guided” by science! In times of pandemic, this impossibility is even greater, as we face an unknown enemy. Data is still being collected and researches are being performed and published by scientists divided by their worldviews, and by their political and party preferences.Whoever said he acted in the name of science, dishonestly usurped science prestige. For what type of “science” is this, unanimous and consensual, that no one has ever heard of? Could someone give me its address so I can confirm its consent? Its phone, email and WhatsApp?As for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), the inevitable scientific clash between theses is clear when renowned scientists from around the world and in Brazil – such as virologist Paolo Zanotto (with 7,400 scientific citations) and doctors Didier Raoult (with 148,000 citations), Philip M. Carlucci and Vladimir Zelenko – defend its use based on studies and articles, whereas other scientists, also renowned and based on the same or other studies and articles, condemn it. Numerous countries such as the USA, Spain, France, Italy, India, Israel, Russia, Costa Rica and Senegal use the drug (HCQ) to fight covid-19, whereas other countries refrain from using HCQ as one of the strategies to contain the pandemic, betting on other controversial tactics.Who then speaks here in the name of “science”? Which group has a monopoly on reason and its exclusive authorization to be the spokesperson of “science”? Where is such authorization found?One can choose an opinion, and base his strategy on it, this is fine, but no one should commit the sacrilege of protecting his decision risking to tarnish with it the “sacred mantle of science”.Outraged, every day I hear mayors and governors saying at the top of their lungs that they “have followed science”. Presidents of councils and some of their advisers, and of academies and deans in their offices write letters on behalf of their entire community, as if they reflect everyone’s consensual position. Nothing could be more false.Have they followed science? Not at all! They have followed the science wing which they like, and the scientists who they chose to place around them. They ignore the other wing of science, since there are also hundreds of scientists and articles that oppose their positions and measures.Worse, scientists are not angels. Scientists are people, and people have likes and dislikes, passions and political party preferences. Or wouldn’t they? There are many scientists, therefore, who do good without looking at whom, I know and admire many of them. But there are also pseudoscientists who use science to defend their opinion, their own pocket, or their passion. Scientists have worked and still work hard and detached to contribute to the good of humanity, many of whom are now in their laboratories, risking their lives to develop new methods of detecting coronavirus, drugs and vaccines, when they could stay “safe at home”. But, to illustrate my point, I know scientists who have published articles, some even in major journals such as “Science” or “Nature”, with data they have manufactured “during the night”; others who have removed points from their curves, or used other similar strategies. Many scientists were at Hitler’s side, weren’t they? Did they act in the name of “science”? Others have developed atom bombs. Others still develop chemical and biological weapons and illicit drugs, by design.The Manaus’ study with chloroquine (CQ) performed here in Brazil and published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) [1], is emblematic to this discussion of “science”. Scientists there used, the manuscript reveals, lethal doses in debilitated patients, many in severe conditions and with comorbidities. The profiles of the groups do not seem to have been “randomized”, since a clear “preference” in the HIGH DOSE group for risk factors is noted. Chloroquine, which is more toxic than HCQ, was used, and it seems that they even made “childish mistakes” in simple stoichiometric calculations, doubling the dosage with the error. I’m incapable of judging intentions, but justice will do it. The former Brazilian Health Minister Luiz Henrique Mandetta quoted this study, supported it, and based on it, categorically stated: “I do not approve HCQ because I am based on ‘science, science, science’!”.Another study published by Chinese researchers in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) and which is still persistently used against HCQ was also at least revolting [2]. In it, the authors declared: “we administer 1,200 mg for 3 days, followed by 800 mg for 12 to 21 days, in patients with moderate to severe symptoms”. In other words, they gave a huge dosage of the drug that could reach the absurdity of 20 grams in the end, and it given was too late to patients (HCQ should be administered in the first symptoms or even earlier). And even worse, overdosing on HCQ or any other drug for severe cases is poisonous. What do you think, was it good science? The recommended dosage in Brazil, since May 20th, 2020, by the new Ministry of Health, for mild symptoms is 2 times 400 mg in the first day (every 12 hours) and 400 mg for 5 days for a total of 2.8 grams.In other published studies, also in these internationally renowned journals such as The New England Journal of Medicine, JAMA and BMJ [3-5], once again, “problems” are clearly noted, since or the patients were randomized in irregular ways, placing older, more susceptible or most severe and hypoxemic patients in the higher (lethal) dose groups, or more men (almost 3 times more deadly by covid than women), or more black people (in the USA, black people have displayed higher mortality) and more smokers, and where most of the deaths occurred in the first days of the studies (signs that were deaths of critically ill patients, who at this stage would be more “intoxicated” than “treated” with HCQ), or they administered HCQ isolated, when it is known that it is necessary to associate HCQ at least with azithromycin. One of these studies [5] administered HCQ only on the sixteenth day of symptoms (for really early treatment, HCQ administration should be started up to fifth day), in other words, at the end of the disease, when the drug can do little good or nothing to the patient.These studies indicate that some scientists either forgot how “science” is done or that there is a huge effort to disprove, whatever it takes, that HCQ works. How can someone or even Councils and Academies of Medicine cite such studies as the “science” of their decisions? How can that be?On the contrary, the study published – and today with more than 3 thousand patients tested – and carried out by Dr. Didier Raoult in France [6], using the correct dosage and at the right time, with a very low mortality rate (0.4%), and the Prevent Senior’s clinical experience in Brazil – also quite encouraging – are disqualified with very “futile” arguments such as: “Didier Raoult is a controversial and unworthy researcher”, “At Prevent Senior Clinic they were not sure of the diagnosis” (but none of the hospitalized patients with clear COVID symptoms died), “Placebo effect” (what a supernatural power of inducing our mind that reduces mortality from 40% to zero, I want this placebo!), “Study performed by a health plan company” (I do not doubt that this people indeed want to save lives, because the patients were their customers who pay their bills), and similar ephemeral arguments.I post on my Facebook, almost daily, works, studies and incredible reports in favor of HCQ. Many sympathize with me, but some are vehemently opposed, and confront me with arguments such as: “how can such a respected scientist lose his prestige to defend such a president [Bolsonaro]?”. Some of them I know personally, others I search on their profiles. They may exist, I know, but I haven’t found even one of these Facebook friends so far who is not a leftist, fight against the current president of Brazil and, as a rule, is in favor of the clumsy #StayAtHome.But the most important question I think it should be ask is this: are we absolutely certain by “science” that HCQ is efficient and saves lives? No, we are not. The chance is high, but certainly no scientist is sure about it. In a few years, we will know better. Are we then absolutely certain today that HCQ does not work? Of course we are not, no one honestly is certain of it. Therefore, I want to leave the “science of doubt” aside, since scientists diverge, and appeal to another area: the law. Here in Brazil the use of HCQ has even been questioned to the supreme court asking judges to settle the debate based on “science”. Nobody knows, however, who will speak “in the name of science”. But there is, in Law, a unquestionable and consensual position that could be used to define the dilemma:“In dubio pro reo”. In other words, in case of doubt, favor or absolv the defendant (in this case, the HCQ).If there is doubt by “science”, and a plausible possibility is the cure with HCQ, and if the drug is cheap (nearly free), available and distributed by several pharmaceutical companies ( in Brazil by Cristália, Apsen, EMS, Armed Forces , Sanofi-Aventis), and since it has minimal side effects in acute dosages of only 5 days (many take the drug daily for years), similar to all drugs (see aspirin and paracetamol), and considering that the defendant is likely to face a higher risk of life, if not medicated, then we should all be PRO-LIFE!THAT ALL, ABSOLUTELY ALL BRAZILIANS WHO WISH TO DO SO, SHOULD HAVE THE RIGHT TO BE TREATED WITH HCQ.It’s a fair legal decision. And that is it.This is science, not the “science” that I like or the “science” that others have appropriated it, but the “science” that we have here and now, based on the current facts, based on reason.Finally, let us all remember that in the face of a new disease and its extremely rapid progression in the most debilitated patients with very serious complications, and so many uncertainties in the diagnosis, and as we don’t treat papers or health forms, but PEOPLE, it is imperative to the doctor look face to face their patients and decide invoking not the “science of some”, but the valuable compass of medicine that has saved many lives since the beginnings of medicine: “THE CLINIC IS SOVEREIGN!”Prof. Marcos N. Eberlinhttps://wattsupwiththat.com/2020/05/31/brazilian-scientists-and-academics-write-an-open-letter-on-the-science-of-the-coronavirus-pandemic/Original post: By James Barrett DailyWire.comLIST OF EXPERTS/STUDIES/ANALYSES CHALLENGING COVID-19 PANIC (VIEW AS SLIDESHOW)COVID-19 Antibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, Californiahttps://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.05.20054361v1.full.pdfhttps://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.01.20050542v1.full.pdfA Conversation with Knut Wittkowski, PhD, Apr 1-2, 2020In the coronavirus pandemic, we're making decisions without reliable datahttps://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.04.20053058v1.full.pdfTop Israeli prof claims simple stats show virus plays itself out after 70 daysGermany’s 'Wuhan' has 15 per cent infection rate and low death tollCoronavirus disease 2019: The harms of exaggerated information and non‐evidence‐based measureshttps://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.12.20059618v1.full.pdfCOVID-19, Urgent Reassessment, Diagnosis and Basic Principles of Infectiology: Open Letter from Professor Sucharit Bhakdi to German Chancellor Dr. Angela Merkel - Global ResearchSARS-CoV-2: fear versus dataHas Sweden Found the Right Solution to the Coronavirus? | National Review12 Experts Questioning the Coronavirus Panic - Global ResearchSunlight destroys virus quickly, new govt. tests find, but experts say pandemic could last through summerhttps://www.nber.org/papers/w26917.pdfList of experts/studies/analyses challenging covid-19 panicMore plague therefore challenges alarmist science pushing global warming.