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There are many studies out there that prove the wage gap exists even after accounting for control variables, like maternity leave.Before I answer your question, I’d like to straighten out your botched understanding of the topics in your question, especially since you aren’t operating in good faith and your narrative appears to be nefarious in its intent.These are some of the invalidating arguments people tend make about the gender wage gap:“Men are more ambitious/Men work harder”: [1] [2]The workforce participation rate between women and men is at ~14%75% of single mothers are sole breadwinnersWomen are working outside the home in the largest rates ever, but also are more likely to be in charge of:childrendomestic houseworktaking care of other family membersvolunteer more on average then men2. “Women take more time off work/maternal leave”:An ICEDR global study found that: [3]Company bosses/CEOs/managers believe that women will leave their jobs at 30Women are not seen as good longterm investments because people assume that all women want to have babies and/or want to be stay at home moms [4]Ironically, women are more likely to leave a job because they found one that pays betterWomen who do leave their jobs to have children pay a 4% wage penalty per child [5]PayScale recently collected data from over 1.4 million workers - the data showed: [5]the wage gap in median earnings for women with children is 31%Married men with children get the highest pay among male earners ($67,900) - men typically experience an increase in pay after becoming fathers3. “Women should develop better negotiating skills”:“Just ask for a raise” [6]Women worry that pushing for more money will damage their image. Research shows they're right to be concerned: Both male and female managers are less likely to want to work with women who negotiate during a job interview.Women are seen as bossy, ungrateful and pushy when they ask for a raise and are 4x more likely to experience enduring negative views by their boss then men are after asking [7] [8]4. “Men just have more experience/education”:Women are currently graduating from college at higher rates then men are [9]Women are also going to graduate school at higher rates than men.Regardless, Georgetown's Center on Education and the Workforce found that men who had completed a little college but lacked a degree earn the same as women with a B.A. [9]In order for women to make as much as men with a B.A., women need to have a Ph. D.Women that spend longer amounts of time in the workforce experience the biggest gaps in pay to peers that are men [10]Women in their late 20s: earn ~92% of what their male peers receiveWomen in their early 50s: earn ~71% of a man's wages in the same fieldThe more women progress in their careers, the larger the pay gapThe biggest pay gap is at the executive level5. “Men go after the higher paying jobs”:True, but this is because men tend to be favored and they already dominate careers that pay the mostCareers that tend to be dominated by women (nursing, social work and teaching) are less compensated than the careers men dominateThis doesn’t reflect skill - it reflects gendered preconceptions, or in other words, society’s understanding of what work is valuableWhat is seen as feminine is undervalued, what is seen as masculine is overvalued.Regardless, physicians that are woman and that work the same amount of time in the same field make ~24% less than than their peers that are men in that field [11] [12]Edit: after reading a comment regarding this section of my answer, I thought I should explore this topic more thoroughly:One of the biggest studies done on variables found in the gender wage gap regarding job type and gender, Occupational Feminization and Pay: Assessing Causal Dynamics Using 1950–2000 U.S. Census Data [13], further backs up the trend that when more women move into a specific job sector that men traditionally/currently dominate(d), the wage decreases.This study’s controlled variables included:Level of educationWork experienceWork skillsRaceLocationDemand of jobThe overwhelming evidence shows that the work women do is placed at a lower value across the board.In an interview with The New York Times, England, the co author of this study, said:It’s not that women are always picking lesser things in terms of skill and importance. It’s just that the employers are deciding to pay it less.The New York Times explores the findings from Occupational Feminization and Pay: Assessing Causal Dynamics Using 1950–2000 U.S. Census Data by looking into specific careers: [14]Examples of jobs that show a decrease in wage when women start to enter a field at higher rates then men:…In the field of recreation — working in parks or leading camps — which went from predominantly male to female from 1950 to 2000:Median hourly wages in this field declined 57%, accounting for the change in the value of the dollar, according to a complex formula used by Professor Levanon.The job of ticket agent also went from mainly male to female during this period:Wages dropped 43%The same thing happened when women in large numbers became designers:Wages fell 34%Housekeepers:Wages fell 21%Biologists:Wages fell 18%The reverse was true when a job attracted more men.The New York Times continues on, saying the following points may influence the gender wage gap:Today, differences in the type of work men and women do account for 51% of the pay gapLarger portion than in 1980, according to definitive new research by Francine D. Blau and Lawrence M. Kahn, economists at Cornell.Women have moved into historically male jobs much more in white-collar fields than in blue-collar ones.Yet the gender pay gap is largest in higher-paying white-collar jobs, Ms. Blau and Mr. Kahn found…Of the 30 highest-paying jobs, including:chief executivearchitectcomputer engineer,26 are male-dominated, according to Labor Department data analyzed by Emily Liner, the author of the Third Way report.Of the 30 lowest-paying ones, including food server, housekeeper and child-care worker, 23 are female dominated.Many differences that contributed to the pay gap have diminished or disappeared since the 1980s:Women over all now obtain more education than men and have almost as much work experience.Women moved from clerical to managerial jobs and became slightly more likely than men to be union members.Both of these changes helped improve wage parity, Ms. Blau’s and Mr. Kahn’s research said.Yes, women sometimes voluntarily choose lower-paying occupations because they are drawn to work that happens to pay less, like caregiving or nonprofit jobs, or because they want less demanding jobs because they have more family responsibilities outside of work.…many social scientists say there are other factors, like:gender biassocial pressure, that bring down wages for women’s work.Other research, has found that any occupation that involves caregiving, like nursing or preschool teaching, pays less, even after controlling for the disproportionate share of female workers.After sifting through the data, Ms. Blau and Mr. Kahn concluded that pure discrimination may account for 38% of the gender pay gap.Discrimination could also indirectly cause an even larger portion of the pay gapFor instance, by discouraging women from pursuing high-paying, male-dominated careers in the first place.“Some of it undoubtedly does represent the preferences of women, either for particular job types or some flexibility, but there could be barriers to entry for women and these could be very subtle,” Ms. Blau said. “It could be because the very culture and male dominance of the occupation acts as a deterrent.”For example, social factors may be inducing more women than men to choose lower-paying but geographically flexible jobs, she and Mr. Kahn found.Even though dual-career marriages are now the norm, couples are more likely to choose their location based on the man’s job, since men earn more.This factor is both a response to and a cause of the gender pay gap.The New York Times article concludes with the following:Men and women are paid differently not just when they do different jobs but also when they do the same work.Research by Claudia Goldin, a Harvard economist, has found that a pay gap persists within occupations.Female physicians:earn 71% of what male physicians earnlawyers earn 82%It happens across professions:This month, the union that represents Dow Jones journalists announced that its female members working full time at Dow Jones publications made 87 cents for every dollar earned by their full-time male colleagues.Ms. Liner of Third Way said…give priority to people’s talents and interests when choosing careers, even if it means going outside gender norms…for instance encouraging girls to be engineers and boys to be teachers.An example of men getting paid more when they have jobs that are traditionally linked to women would be chefs.Stacy J. Williams, who has a Ph. D. in sociology, explains why women are constantly put at a disadvantage in the job market: [15]Since women spend more than twice as much time in home kitchens than men do, it seems strange that there are so few women in professional kitchens. Many social forces, ranging from the organization of professional kitchens to cultural ideas about women and cooking, can help explain the phenomenon.Mary Blair-Loy has written that there is a cultural “family devotion schema,” or a widespread cultural belief that women’s primary commitments should be to home and family.These expectations do not apply to men; instead, men are expected to have women partners who complete this care work.These cultural beliefs, combined with the historical definition of feeding the family as women’s work, contribute to the continued tendency for women to cook more often in the home.Many professional kitchens also have a culture of masculinity that is not welcoming to women. In 2011, 37% of the sexual discrimination cases that were reported to the federal government involved restaurants…Further, these men are concerned that women can’t “pull their weight” in a fast-paced kitchen environment that is built on teamwork and camaraderie. To prove that they are a useful part of the team, women often have to go above and beyond the required work and take on extra shifts. These behaviors and attitudes among the mostly male cooks and chefs make many women feel uncomfortable and unwelcome, turning the professional kitchen into a workplace where women feel they do not fit.The cultural understandings of women and food, combined with a workplace structure that is inhospitable to women and employees with family responsibilities, present significant obstacles to women chefs. Even though women are considered the authorities of home kitchens, they have a more difficult time gaining equal footing with men in restaurant kitchens. Despite these obstacles, there are women who defy these cultural expectations and compete in the restaurant world. Yet when these women aren’t portrayed as mothers or sex objects, they receive media attention for being outliers in a male-dominated occupation.NPR further explores this phenomenon: [16]Women have historically been told their place is in the kitchen — but not as chefs: According to statistics from the U.S. Labor Department, to this day, only about 20 percent of chefs are women.It all harks back to the fact that being a chef was not as glamorous as it is today, says Deborah Harris, a sociology professor at Texas State University…It might come as a surprise to some that back in the day, in 18th and 19th century France, being a chef was the opposite of being a celebrity."It was a really low-status career," says Harris. In response, she says, male chefs made a big deal about "differentiating between the cultural, high-status, intellectual cooking of men, and the low-status, every day work of women."The Austin Chronicle pointed out the prevailing glass ceiling women experience in an industry they used to dominate: [17]A full 45% of people working in the culinary industry are women, yet women hold less than 10% of the top positions…Most successful chefs are fairly compulsive about their work, women no less than men. And it definitely takes that sort of compulsive dedication to advance through the ranks…But is it really harder for a woman than it is for man?Only in the past two decades has cooking become a glamorous profession…The image of the chef has changed radically in the past decade, though, and there is a certain romantic allure to the field. Today's chefs are educated -- many hold graduate degrees from Ivy League universities. They appear on television, travel all over the world, and lecture on topics relating to food, social science, history, and literature.More evidence of discrimination in the food industry: [18]A new study from pay transparency web site Glassdoor finds female chefs make 28.3 percent less in base pay than their male colleagues. That's the second-highest "adjusted" percentage among the careers included in the study.Glassdoor analyzed more than 505,000 salaries shared by full-time U.S. employees to come up with its findings. The research determined 33 percent of the gap in pay between men and women in the United States is linked to "possible workplace gender bias."Not only are women making less in the kitchen, they seem to be far less likely to earn prestigious accolades for their work. Out of the 211 semifinalists for the James Beard Foundation's regional Best Chef awards in 2016, 30 were women — that's a paltry 14 percent. In the Midwest, all 22 semifinalists were men. The recognition disparity is nothing new. In 2013, Time magazine published a "Gods of Food" issue that was so male dominated, it became known as "Dudes of Food."Dr. Andrew Chamberlain, who wrote the study for Glassdoor, says "occupation and industry sorting of men and women into jobs that pay differently" is the main cause for the gender pay gap across all professions in the United States. That doesn't necessarily explain the pay gap in kitchens because "chef" can be a vague term…The New York Times calls out the sexism seen in the restaurant industry: [19]For decades, chefs of both sexes believed that inequality was inevitable. The same stereotypes used to keep women out of armed combat, off the judicial bench and out of medical school were invoked to explain why women didn’t stick it out in the kitchen. The work, it was said, is too physically demanding and psychologically grueling; the hours were too incompatible with family life…One big question — why even women who make it to the top rank of chefs struggle for recognition — has often been posed, and never fully answered…“We are the quiet power behind the throne,” Ms. Chan said. “But sometimes everyone gets tired of being quiet.”6. “Who Cares?”:With controlled variables (career level, skills, etc.) the gender wage gap is ~8–5% [20]This means that college-educated women who work full time will earn ~$500,000 less than their male peers do over their lifetime [21]>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Now I’ll move on to answering your question about the “spending gap”.In general, it is more expensive to be a woman because of unfair androcentric marketing/retail/economic concepts.So, not only do women get paid less than men on average, even when they have the same job/education level/time working/experience/skill, etc., they also have to pay more for basic items then men pay.French philosopher Simone de Beauvoir eloquently said:If the man’s the norm and the woman "different," then men’s products too are considered the "normal version." Women’s products are therefore considered to be more special, luxurious versions, and are consequently more expensive.6 basic examples of women “spending more”: [22]Mortgages:A 2011 study published in the Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics found that women, on average, pay more for mortgages than men, with the mean mortgage interest rates for women coming in 0.4% higher than for men.“The disparity cannot be fully explained by traditional variables such as mortgage features, borrower characteristics, and market conditions,” the authors write.In other words, women with credit scores and other qualifying factors similar to men pay more for their mortgages.For a 30-year mortgage, that could mean a man pays $26,000 less in interest over the life of the loan than a woman (assuming he gets a 5% mortgage rate while she gets a 5.4% rate).2. Dry Cleaning:Not all items are more expensive for women to get dry-cleaned — suits, blazers and slacks tend to have similar prices — but shirts are, according to the study published in the journal Gender Issues in 2011.The average price to clean a men’s shirt was $2.06, while it was $3.95 for a woman’s shirt — and that’s before considering the added cost of shirts made from special fabric like silk or rayon, or with embellishments like sequins or pleats.“The observed pricing disparity is for identical shirts except that one is labeled a ‘men’s’ shirt while the other is a ‘women’s’ shirt,” the authors write.This means that if a man and woman got one shirt dry cleaned per month for 10 years, on average, it would cost a man $247.20 in today’s dollars, while a woman would end up paying $474.3. Haircuts & hair care products:As almost every woman knows, getting a haircut costs far more for women than for men.A study by economist Liston-Heyes found that even for the same haircut, women paid more than men.“We started calling different hairdressers and explicitly said we had the same haircut [as a man],” she says.Still, she says, in almost every case, the price for the woman’s cut was more than a price for a man’s cut.A 1996 study done in New York City had similar findings: Nearly half of hair salons charged women more for a simple haircut. (New York City now prohibits gender-based pricing, though the practice persists.)Liston-Heyes says that this may be because, on average, it takes more time and effort for salons to cut women’s hair than men’s hair, so when they create their pricing structure, they make women’s cuts more expensive.What’s more, the 2015 study by the NYC Department of Consumer Affairs found that the largest price discrepancy between men’s and women’s products existed for shampoo and conditioner (women, on average, paid 48% more for a similar product)4. Deodorant and other personal care products:Stopping odor is a pricier proposition for women than for men, according to a 2011 study published in the journal Gender Issues.While on the surface, prices for a stick of deodorant for men and women seem the same (roughly $3.15 per stick), men’s deodorant sticks tend to be larger than women’s (2.86 ounces vs. 2.29 ounces).This means that, on average, women pay $1.44 per ounce of deodorant, compared with $1.15 for men — a difference of about 20%.Among the other pricier products for women:Razor cartridges and razors cost more for women than men by an average of 11%, according to the NYC study of similar women’s and men’s productsBody wash costs 6% more.“Of all the industries analyzed, personal care had the highest premium for women, with products costing, on average, 13% more than personal care products for men,” the study concluded.“Women’s and men’s deodorant are the same,” says New York City-based dermatologist Dennis Gross.“If you check the label there are the same active ingredients at the same percentage based on FDA regulations.”5. Cars:A 2001 study published in The American Economic Review found that car dealers made better initial offers to white men than to white women (more than $200 lower) and black women (more than $400 lower).What’s more, the final markup was about 50% higher for white women than for white menMore than 100% higher for black women.“Without any negotiating at all, two out of five white males obtained a better offer than their counterparts achieved after bargaining on average for more than forty minutes,” the authors write.6. Clothing:Adult women, on average, pay 8% more for their clothes than men do.The largest price discrepancies were in shirts (15%), dress shirts (13%) and jeans (10%).The Pink Tax: [23]Whether it's razors, dry cleaning or toys, women still pay more for those gender-specific items than men, studies show…"Price discrimination adds another layer to the wage inequality women face, making it harder sometimes for women to make ends meet," said Surina Khan, CEO of the Women’s Foundation of California, a group devoted to advancement of gender equality.The Bureau of Labor Statistics said that in the decade between 2004 and 2014, women earned 80% to 83% as much as men.The Pink Tax, so named because of the color of products directly marketed to girls & women, is the price difference for female centered products compared with gender neutral goods or those marketed to men. And even though the issue has been around for decades, it is still profound.In late 2015, the New York City Department of Consumer Affairs published a study comparing nearly 800 products from more than 90 brands, looking for price differences in items marketed to different genders.On average, products for women or girls cost 7% more than comparable products for men and boys.For example:Apparel:Girls' clothing cost 4% more than boys, and women's clothing cost 8% more than men’s.Toys:Girls' toys and accessories cost an average of 7% more than boys' toys.Separately, a side-by-side comparison of two Radio Flyer My 1st Scooters showed this: A red scooter cost $24.99 and a pink scooter cost $49, despite them being identical in all other ways.Personal care:Women's personal care products also cost 13% more than men’s, according to the department's study.Normally, consumers look to supply and demand to remedy inequities. If prices get to high on a product or service, someone finds out how to provide it cheaper.But “not all markets are perfect,” said Michael Cone, a customs attorney who filed a lawsuit in the U.S. Court of International Trade in 2007 that raised the broader question of whether different tariff rates for men’s and women’s apparel violate constitutional equal protection provisions.The case was dismissed, but discussion around the issue goes on.Here is a basic visual of the pink tax:Edit #2: another commenter suggested they’d be interested in how auto repairs costs differ for women, so I looked into that as well and found further evidence of gender discrimination in pricing.According to a 2013 paper from the Kellogg School of Management, this is definitely another area that the pink tax affects: [24]For male callers, there is no difference between having “no idea” about an expected price and being a savvy consumer: either way, you are quoted something right around market price. But for female callers, says Zettelmeyer, “you’re much worse off saying you know nothing as opposed to quoting the price of $365."Below is an exert from a Washington Post article [25] regarding a study done by RepairPal[26] :77 percent of respondents said mechanics are more likely to sell women unnecessary repairs, and 66 percent believed that mechanics charge women more than men for the same services.Health insurance has consistently been more expensive for women. The fact that some women give birth does not justify the discrepancies: [27]…if we ignore all costs directly associated with pregnancy and childbearing (the logic here being that it takes two parties to create a child and both parties should be willing to pay equally to support that endeavor), men aren't actually any cheaper to insure than women."When you get older, men cost more to insure than women," explained Jonathan Gruber, a health economist at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Later in life, men are more likely to have a variety of conditions including heart attacks, lung cancer, and liver cancer. They're also more likely to smoke, drink, and get in accidents, according to experts.Larry Levitt, a senior vice president of the Kaiser Family Foundation, said that while Kaiser doesn't have any independent analysis of this, insurers have historically charged younger women more than men in the individual market, even though those plans rarely covered maternity services. "That tends to reverse at older ages, when men have generally been charged more than women," he said. "It's reasonable to assume that insurers set those premiums based on the patterns of health care use that they saw."In 2008 the average expenditure per person with an expense, including expenses covered by insurance and those paid out-of-pocket, was slightly higher for women ($5,635) than for men ($4,952), according to data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. But the difference in expenditures is largely attributable to childbirth.…men's average expenditures significantly exceeded women's for hospital inpatient services ($18,984 versus $12,997, respectively).The New York Times investigated some of the themes in charging women more for health insurance after the ACA had passed (which was an attempt to end gender discrimination in pricing): [28]Women still pay more than men for the same health insurance coverage, according to new research and data from online brokers.The new health care law will prohibit such “gender rating,” starting in 2014. But gaps persist in most states, with no evidence that insurers have taken steps to reduce them.For a popular Blue Cross Blue Shield plan in Chicago, a 30-year-old woman pays $375 a month, which is 31 percent more than what a man of the same age pays for the same coverage, according to eHealthInsurance.com, a leading online source of health insurance.In a report to be issued this week, the National Women’s Law Center, a research and advocacy group, says that in states that have not banned gender rating, more than 90 percent of the best-selling health plans charge women more than men…Differences in rates for men and women are not explained by the cost of maternity care. In the individual insurance market, such care is usually not part of the standard package of benefits. Maternity coverage may be offered as an optional benefit, or rider, for a hefty additional premium.In Louisville, Ky., according to eHealthInsurance.com, a 40-year-old nonsmoking woman pays $196 a month for a HumanaOne policy. That is 53 percent more than the $128 premium paid for the same coverage by a nonsmoking man of the same age.In addition, the nonsmoking woman pays 14 percent more than the $172 premium charged to a man of the same age who has used tobacco in the past year.In an article from Public Policy, there is more evidence that the amount women pay for health insurance is not justified by pregnancies: [29]...ratings say that the different rates for men and women are justified because women and men use different amounts of healthcare. They also often point to childbirth and maternal care as reasons why men and women’s healthcare may differ in cost.The first part of this argument, that men and women use different amounts of healthcare and women are thus more expensive to insure, is false. The fact is, if you remove maternity services, women are not more expensive to insure than men are—they simply use healthcare differently. Women cost the healthcare system more when they are younger, since they use preventative healthcare more than men do.Men cost the healthcare system more when they are older, since they are more likely to have heart attacks, lung cancer, and liver cancer. Also, men are more likely to smoke, drink, and get in accidents. It is unjust to penalize women when in fact both men and women cost the health system relatively equal amounts, just at different points in their life.Additionally, we should not punish women for their cautiousness while rewarding men for their recklessness. The argument that women are charged more because they use healthcare more is also incorrect because the parts of healthcare that women and men use at the same rate, such as specialty clinics and the emergency room, charge women more.The second tenet of this argument is also untrue; women cannot be “more costly to insure” due to coverage of the maternal and child health services, since very few of the plans that gender rate cover maternity services.According to a 2012 report from the National Women’s Law Center, before the implementation of the gender rating ban and inclusion of maternity services on insurance:92% of best-selling insurance plans engaged in gender rating.Of those plans, only 3% covered maternity services.Regardless of the verity of this argument, however, this should never be a reason that women have to pay more for healthcare. Men and women play equal roles in the conception of a child—they should both have to pay for childbirth.Aside from financial facts behind gender rating, it is clear that unequal rates are unethical. The $1 billion that gender rating costs women is especially impactful because women tend to have a lower income, often due to the wage gap. Before the passage of the ACA, 52% of women reported delaying medical care because of cost, and 32% of women reported giving up basic necessities in order to pay for healthcare expenses.The BBC pointed out that women are also more likely to be overcharged in ride share companies. POC experience more cancelations and longer wait times: [30]Ride-hailing companies such as Uber and Lyft may discriminate against black people and women, a study from three US universities suggests.Black riders faced longer wait times and more frequent cancellations than white riders, the research indicates.Women were more likely to be overcharged or taken on elongated routes, it says.Researchers took nearly 1,500 rides in Seattle and Boston, gathering data from three taxi-hailing companies.The sexist stereotype that you (the person who asked this question) are trying to push - that women love to shop and buy things more then men - doesn’t stand up to scrutiny.Spending trends/habits: [31]“We found that men and women impulse shop about the same amount, but the way they feel and how much they spend when they do it are different,” said Credit Cards - Compare Credit Card Offers at CreditCards.com senior analyst Matt Schulz.Men were significantly more likely than women to spend serious money on that unplanned purchase.While just 7% of the women said they had spent $500 or more, 21% of the men did.Men also made more impulse purchases of $1,000 or more.Women tend to keep their impulse purchases small, under $25.Men are more than twice as likely to make an impulse purchase when they’re intoxicated.Women are twice as likely to buy impulsively when they are sad.Women are more likely to regret making an impulse purchase:52% of the women vs. 46% of the men said they experienced buyer’s remorse at one time or another.Women tend to be “in charge” of purchasing what everyone else needs (traditional gender roles): [32]In virtually every society in the world, women have primary care-giving responsibilities for both children and the elderly…In this primary caregiving role, women find themselves buying on behalf of everyone else in their lives.The list is long: in addition to buying for themselves, women buy on behalf of husbands, partners, kids, colleagues, adult children, friends, relatives, elderly parents, in-laws, their businesses and even their kids’ friends, to name just a few. If somebody, somewhere needs a gift, chances are there's a woman thinking about it; tracking it down; wrapping it; making sure it’s accompanied by a personal message and then arriving to the person on the appointed day.I sometimes think entire industries would collapse overnight if women stopped being so thoughtful. Consider the impact to the greeting card industry alone.There are a lot more variables that need to be considered; neither the gender wage gap or the “spending gap” (which is a red herring and is being used by you to obscure a real issue) is something that one basic pie chart can explain or that your uninformed opinion disproves or proves - I would encourage you to educate yourself instead of using Quora as a way to trivialize real issues by regurgitating talking points that originate in hostility.What is your goal here in denying real problems besides reinforcing the status quo, which further disadvantages women?Footnotes[1] Why Parental Leave Policies Are Changing[2] What Women Breadwinners Want[3] https://www.icedr.org/research/documents/15_millennial_women.pdf[4] A Dollar Short: What’s Holding Women Back from Equal Pay?[5] http://content.thirdway.org/publications/853/NEXT_-_Fatherhood_Motherhood.pdf[6] Why Women Don't Ask For More Money[7] Negotiation and the Gender Divide[8] Why Women Don’t Negotiate Their Job Offers[9] https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/data-mine/2014/10/31/women-more-likely-to-graduate-college-but-still-earn-less-than-men[10] Gender Pay Gap Ratios, Stats and Infographics | PayScale[11] https://www.aauw.org/files/2013/02/graduating-to-a-pay-gap-the-earnings-of-women-and-men-one-year-after-college-graduation.pdf[12] Here's How Much Doctors Actually Make in 2016[13] Occupational Feminization and Pay: Assessing Causal Dynamics Using 1950–2000 U.S. Census Data | Social Forces | Oxford Academic[14] As Women Take Over a Male-Dominated Field, the Pay Drops[15] Gender in Home Kitchens and Restaurants[16] Taking The Heat: Is Foodie Culture Making Room For Female Chefs?[17] The Whole Woman[18] Why Are Female Chefs Paid so Much Less Than Their Male Colleagues?[19] A Change in the Kitchen[20] Gender Pay Gap Ratios, Stats and Infographics | PayScale[21] collegepayoff-complete.pdf - Box[22] 6 times it’s more expensive to be a woman[23] 'Pink Tax' forces women to pay more than men[24] The Importance of Appearing Savvy[25] The auto-repair industry discriminates against women. So I quit my engineering job to become a mechanic.[26] https://repairpal.com/consumer-survey-march-2013[27] Why Making Women Pay More Than Men for Health Insurance Doesn't Make Sense[28] https://mobile.nytimes.com/redirect?to-mobile=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F03%2F19%2Fhealth%2Fpolicy%2Fwomen-still-pay-more-for-health-insurance-data-shows.html%3Freferer%3D[29] The End of Gender Rating: Women’s Insurance Under the ACA[30] Uber 'race and sex discrimination'[31] Guess which gender spends more on impulse[32] The Real Reason Women Shop More Than Men

On February 14, 2015, following the historic electoral win, grabbing 67 of the total 70 seats in Delhi Assembly Elections, the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) - which called for 'alternative politics' and spoke of its commitment towards the common man - formed government in Delhi. Today, as the party completes nearly two full year in office,let us see where it standsAAP's manifesto - formed as a result of the Delhi Dialogue - itself states: "Over time, party manifestos have been reduced to insincere pledges promising everything to everybody, with very little follow-up or delivery after attainment of power. However, this is where AAP crucially differs from other parties because for us politics is an interactive process, a constant dialogue." And indeed, for a democratic system to foster, the government must be held accountable for the pre-poll promises.#1 Delhi Jan Lokpal BillFULFILLEDPromise: Aam Aadmi Party resolves to legislate the Delhi Jan Lokpal Bill after coming to power. This will ensure a time-bound investigation in matters of corruption. The Delhi Lokpal will have the power to initiate investigations and prosecution against those charged with corruption. Whistleblowers will be provided protection and awarded for their contribution toward creating a just systemStatus: AAP promised to "legislate" the Jan Lokpal Bill, and indeed, the bill was cleared in the Delhi Legislative Assembly on 4th December, 2015. The Jan Lokpal can issue necessary orders for full protection for whistleblowers, protect confidentiality, provide security, and initiate criminal action against the person involved in the harassment of whistleblower. However, the legislation's fate remains unclear as it is yet to get the approval of Lieutenant Governor and Centre.#2 Citizens' CharterFULFILLEDPromise: A Citizens' Charter shall be introduced in all government offices in Delhi.Status: The Delhi legislative assembly passed the Delhi (Right Of Citizen To Time Bound Delivery of Services) Amendment Bill. Among other provisions, the Bill prioritizes each government department to put out a "comprehensive citizens charter" within 30 days of its notification, and that responsibility lies with the Heads of Department.#3 Swaraj BillBROKENPromise: Aam Aadmi Party will legislate the Swaraj Act to devolve power directly to the people.Status: The Swaraj Bill was prepared during the AAP's 49 day governemnt in 2014, but is yet to be tabled in the assembly. In the manifesto, it was mentioned: "One of the first things that AAP will do after forming the government is to legislate the Swaraj Bill that will devolve power directly to people and contain provisions for the formation of Mohalla Sabhas". The government has certainly missed their deadline, but on the other hand, attempts have been made to incorporate the spirit of Swaraj by setting up Mohalla Sabhas in 11 constituencies.#4 Local GovernanceFULFILLEDPromise: Decisions affecting the local community will be taken by citizens and implemented by their Secretariat.Status: The concept of Mohalla Sabhas has been piloted in 11 constituencies. In the next financial year, the concept will be scaled to all 70 constituencies of Delhi.#5 Citizen Local Area Development FundFULFILLEDPromise: A Citizen Local Area Development (C-LAD) Fund will be given to every Mohalla Sabha and Resident Welfare Association, ensuring funds and functions in the hands of the community.Status: "Swaraj Fund" was announced in the budget to enable the citizens in selection and implementation of programmes prioritized by them for the development of their area. Rs. 253 crore under the Swaraj Fund Scheme was provisioned. In the first year, this is being implemented in 11 constituencies, where Mohalla Sabhas were organized to know the requirements of the citizens. To meet these requirements, Rs. 20 crore has been allocated to these 11 constituencies while for the remaining 59 constituencies, Rs. 50 lakh was allocated.#6 Full Statehood For DelhiWISHLISTPromise: Acting within the constitutional framework, our government will use its moral and political authority to push for full statehood for Delhi. This will ensure that institutions such as the DDA, MCD and Delhi Police will be accountable to the elected government of Delhi. This way land will be made available for the common man, there will be greater synchronization and shared purpose among civic services with regard to service delivery and the law and order machinery will be accountable to the citizens.Status: Though the Delhi government has constantly demanded for full statehood, the decision lies with the Central government.#7 Electricity Bills to be Reduced by HalfFULFILLEDPromise: An Aam Aadmi Party government will keep its promise of reducing electricity bills by half. A more efficient, transparent and accountable system to regulate and audit the power generation and distribution companies is the need of the hour and AAP will do everything within its command to achieve that. Discoms should purchase power from economical sources and wriggle out of expensive and unsustainable Power Purchase Agreements. AAP will take measures to provide relief from rising power bills, namely generating cheaper electricity, improving transmission efficiency, fixing billing defects and correcting meter defectsStatus: Within days of coming to office, the Aam Aadmi Party government slashed power tariff by 50 per cent for households which consume up to 400 units per month, with effect from March 1, 2015. However, if the power consumption crosses 400 units, a consumer will have to pay for the entire number of units used and no subsidy would apply. The government had set aside Rs.1,477 crore annually for the power subsidy.#8 CAG Audit of Power DiscomsSTALLEDPromise: We will conduct a comprehensive performance audit of discoms by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India. Discoms shall also be brought within the ambit of the RTI act. We will ensure that the citizens of Delhi do not have to bear the burden of soaring power tariffs. Initially we will provide subsidy that would go not to the power discoms but to Delhi Transco, a state-owned transmission company which has unpaid bills of Rs 3,500 crore to be paid by the discoms. This money will help Delhi Transco upgrade and augment its transmission capacity, which is in a bad state at present. The lack of funds at Transco's disposal is one of the main reasons for the frequent power outages in the state. After the audit results are tabled in the assembly, power tariffs will be restructured.Status: In January 2014, AAP government (before resigning from the previous term), announced audit of discoms by Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India starting from 2002. In August, a leaked report in Times of India claimed that discoms inflated dues by Rs. 8000 crore. Discoms have been revolting this order from the very beginning, terming it as unconstitutional and moved to the High Court back in January 2014 itself. In October 2015, the High Court gave a verdict that CAG can't audit discoms, because they are outside the purview of a CAG audit as they come under the jurisdiction of the Delhi Electricity Regulatory Commission (DERC). Following this, the Delhi Government moved to the Supreme Court. Very recently, in January 2016, the Supreme Court has seeked explanation from all three discoms as to why they can't be audited by CAG. The case has been posted for hearing on March 2.#9 Introduce Competition Amongst DiscomsSTALLEDPromise: AAP reiterates the promise made in its December 2013 Delhi manifesto of providing consumers the right to choose between electricity providers. We will introduce competitive distribution, which will provide better services and lead to lower tariffs.Status: The promise can be fulfilled only if CAG audit of power discoms is permitted. The matter is subjudice.#10 Delhi's Own Power StationYET TO STARTPromise: We will put up Delhi's own power station at the pithead and comprehensively solve Delhi's electricity problem in the long run by being able to meet peak power consumption of 6200 MW. We will also ensure that the Rajghat and Bawana plant are efficiently utilized.Status: A new power station is not the main focus of the government at the moment. However, Delhi would bid in Center's coal block allocation.#11 Water As A RightYET TO STARTPromise: AAP will provide Water as a Right. It will provide universal access to clean drinking water to all citizens of Delhi at an affordable price. The Delhi Jal Board Act will be amended to make clean drinking water a right of the people.Status: Work on expanding access is ongoing, but there has been no amendment in the act.#12 Piped Water Availability For AllUNDER PROGRESSPromise: AAP will make a time bound plan of action for covering all residents of Delhi with piped water and sewage network in all parts irrespective of their legal status. There will be no discrimination between planned/non-planned; authorized/ non-authorized; regularized/ non-regularized; city or village. Within five years piped water connections will be made available to as many as 14 lakh households (50 lakh people) in Delhi that do not have a piped water connection at present.Status: Action plan has been drawn up. Delhi Jal Board expects to cover the entire city by December 2017. Currently, 82% of households are covered by piped network. This year, 120 km of new water supply pipelines were laid (taking the total to 14,000 km) and another 70 kms of pipeline were replaced. 205 of 1105 unauthorised colonies have piped water connection; eight of them were added recently.#13 Free Lifeline WaterFULFILLEDPromise: AAP will ensure free lifeline water of up to 20 kiloliters (20,000 liters) to every household per month through a Delhi Jal Board's (DJB) metered water connection. This scheme will be extended to group-housing societies.Status: Within days of coming to office, the Aam Aadmi Party government decided to provide 20,000 litres of free water to every household, with effect from March 1, 2015. However, no subsidy would apply for metered consumers using over 20,000 litres of water per month. The government had set aside Rs.250 crore annually for the water subsidy. In January 2016, government conveyed that despite the subsidy, the DJB earned Rs.178 crore more in 2015 compared to the previous year.#14 Abolishment of mandatory 10 percent hike in water tariffsYET TO STARTPromise: AAP will provide universal access to potable water to all citizens of Delhi at a sustainable and affordable price. The mandatory annual 10 percent hike in water tariffs will be abolished and any further hike will be made only after due consideration.Status: The mandatory annual hike of 10% was introduced in 2009 by the then Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit. Apart from 2013 and 2015, water tariffs had automatically gone up on January 1 every year. For 2015, the hike had been deferred by the DJB till an elected government could take a call on it. Though AAP was against the automatic hike, as mentioned in the manifesto, the financial reality of the water utility necessitated the hike and therefore, water tariffs in Delhi went up by 10%.#15 Abolishment of Mixed Use Water CategoryFULFILLEDPromise: The AAP government will abolish the C-1A (B) category to provide relief to households that run small shops from their residence (less than 100 square feet) for their livelihood for which they are charged commercial rates in spite of the fact that they are not using water for commercial purposes.Status: In September 2015, the Delhi Jal Board abolished the Mixed-Use Category: C-1A(B) As per the revised policy, if mixed-land use involves activities which do not use water in its process undertaken, such as Atta Chakki, Stationary Shop, Kiryana Shop, Shoes Shop, Grocery Shop, Mobile Shop, Cloth Shop, Tailor Shop, S.T.D. Booth, Property Dealer Office, Cyber Cafe, etc. and other similar activities, it will now be placed in the Domestic Category. Other properties having mixed-use in which water is used as input either in processing or in manufacturing like Food Corner, Juice Shop, Snacks Counter, Tea Shop, Barber, Beauty Parlor, Dentist Clinic, Coaching Centers, Play School, Offices and such other similar activities with high footfall will now come under the Commercial Category. Consumers can apply for separate water connections for domestic and commercial use if such activities co-exist in a premise. However, in such a situation, the consumer is also bound to maintain separate storage and supply system for both activities.#16 Water From Munak CanalFULFILLEDPromise: AAP will ensure the firm implementation of the High Court order that says Delhi is entitled to extra raw water from Haryana in the Munak canal, an issue on which the BJP government in Haryana and the Centre have been dithering.Status: Delhi's supply has been at the highest level in history, with additional water from Munak Canal.#17 Crackdown On Water MafiaUNDER PROGRESSPromise: AAP is committed to clamping down on Delhi's powerful water mafia working under the patronage of political leaders. AAP will put in place a transparent tanker water distribution system by implementing state-of-the-art techniques. The schedule of tankers operating in different localities would be made available online and on mobile phone. Private tankers will be allowed to operate under the guidelines framed by our government. This will protect the consumers from exorbitant pricing and illegal practices of private tanker operators.Status: Schedule of water tankers has been made available online (Department of Delhi Jal Board) 414 water tankers are now equipped with GPS. Of the 380 tankers that have been hired by the Delhi Jal Board (DJB), 250 have GPS devices while the rest 130 will be phased out if not equipped with GPS devices by this summer. Further, issues concerning water tankers are now handled by the Chief Engineer (total four posts in Delhi), while earlier it was attended to by junior officials. Delhi government, including the previous terms led by Sheila Dixit - has always aspired to eliminate the need of water tankers by covering the entire city with piped water connections. As more colonies have been added to the piped network, DJB says that the reliance on tanker mafia has decreased. However, the mafia is still present in areas that lack adequate water supply.#18 Revive The YamunaUNDER PROGRESSPromise: The Yamuna River has been part of the collective memory of Delhi for a long time but this lifeline is dying. We will ensure 100 percent collection and treatment of Delhi's sewage through an extensive sewer network and construction of new functional sewage treatment plants. Discharge of untreated water and industrial effluents into the river Yamuna will be strictly prohibited.Status: In the budget, it was announced that a project costing Rs. 3,656 crore has been prepared to provide sewerage services in uncovered areas and to prevent flow of wastewater in Najafgarh and Supplementary drains. The project will involve setting up of 15 new Sewage Treatment Plants, 3 new Sewage Pumping Stations and peripheral sewer network. According to the govt, these drains contribute to nearly 70% pollution load of river Yamuna and therefore, the project is expected to significantly reduce pollution in river Yamuna. A two year deadline has been set up for this project. Further, diagnosing the problem with previous Yamuna cleaning projects, DJB has planned to divide the river into smaller channels, each of which will be floated as separate projects. The contractor would be free to use any technique and would be considered success if the desired output parameters are met. Also, DJB has written to National Green Tribunal to allow removal of sewage from river Yamuna, to which it owes the black color. Currently, NGT doesn't allow desilting of Yamuna and therefore even sewage removal is not permitted.#19 Setting Up A Network Of Water KiosksYET TO STARTPromise: Public hydrants to ensure availability of safe drinking water free-of-charge in Jhonpri/Jhuggi (JJ) colonies as well as other underdeveloped areas of the city facing scarcity of water.Status: The project has been delayed. The e-piaos were supposed to come up last year. Now, the DJB has tweaked the project and expects the work at 105 locations to start by March.#20 Dual Water Distribution SystemUNDER PROGRESSPromise: Programme to reduce demand for potable water and promote conservation by reclaiming wastewater for reuse after recycling.Status: The pilot project will start in six locations soon.#21 Build 2,00,000 Public ToiletsYET TO STARTPromise: AAP will build two lakh toilets across Delhi: about 1.5 lakh toilets in slums and JJ clusters and 50,000 toilets in public spaces, of which 1 lakh toilets will be for women. These toilets will be concentrated in public spaces and slum areas. We will construct eco-toilets to save water.Status: As of November 2015, only 2031 new toilet seats were added since the AAP government took over. The number is insignificant compared to the set target of 2 lakh toilets. No major plan has been declared by the government as of now.#22 Fine On Disposal Of Construction DebrisFULFILLEDPromise: Littering or disposal of construction debris in public places will attract a heavy fine.Status: For controlling dust - major contributor of particulate matter in Delhi - 1,367 challans were issued for disposal of construction debris.#23 Plastic Bags BanYET TO STARTPromise: We will enforce the ban on plastic bags in the city.Status: Plastic bags have not been banned in Delhi.#24 Five Hundred New Government SchoolsUNDER PROGRESSPromise: AAP will build 500 new schools with a special focus on secondary and senior secondary schools to ensure that every Delhi child has easy access to quality education.Status: Construction work is in full swing for 20 school buildings. While earlier, the government had planned to add another shift to existing schools in lieu of opening new schools, they later realised that an additional shift lacks quality. Now, as part of expansion plan, construction of 8,000 new classrooms is underway in existing schools, which according to government officials is effectively equivalent to 100 new schools.#25 Higher Education Guarantee SchemeFULFILLEDPromise: Students who wish to pursue any diploma or degree course after finishing Class 12 from any school in Delhi will be given bank loans with the government standing as a guarantor. Students will not be required to furnish any collateral and the scheme will be universal in nature regardless of a student's financial background. The loan will cover both tuition fees and living expenses. The loan repayment schedule will carry a moratorium period covering the years required to finish the course and one year thereafter to find a job. Under this scheme no loan request will be rejected.Status: The Delhi government has launched the Higher Education and Skill Guarantee Scheme. Under the scheme, loans upto Rs. 10 lakh are to be provided without any collateral. The loan would cover tuition and other fee, books, equipments, hostel/boarding and lodging, insurance premium etc. Students pursuing any skill development course or diploma or degree course after finishing qualifying examination from any School/Educational Institution in Delhi are eligible under this scheme. The scheme will also be applicable for ITIs and polytechnic colleges.#26 Twenty New Degree CollegesYET TO STARTPromise: AAP will open 20 new colleges under Delhi administration on the outskirts of the city in partnership with the villages of Delhi. Further we will double the existing seat capacity of the Delhi government administered colleges including Delhi's flagship university, the Ambedkar University.Status: The Delhi government focussed on school education in its first year. Work for new colleges is yet to begin.#27 Regulate Private School FeesUNDER PROGRESSPromise: We will regulate private school fees by publishing the fee structures and accounts online. Capitation fee will be abolished.Status: The Delhi government passed a bill to ammend the School Education Act, 1973. The Bill, which has been passed by the State Assembly but is yet to be passed by the Centre, includes provisions to regulate fee at private schools.#28 Transparency in School AdmissionsFULFILLEDPromise: AAP will bring in complete transparency in Nursery and KG admissions. To streamline the admission process, we will use a centralized online system for nursery admissions, removing avenues for corruption.Status: To bring more transparency into nursery admissions, the Delhi government has asked all private schools to upload their admission criteria and details about selected students online.#29 Ramp Up Government Schools to Provide Quality EducationUNDER PROGRESSPromise: AAP is committed to improving the standard of government schools so that all citizens of Delhi have access to high quality of education. Every school will have sufficient functional toilets built, especially for girls. A sufficient budget will be given at the discretion of the principal for lights, fans, blackboards and other essential infrastructure. Teaching and learning infrastructure including computers and high-speed Internet connectivity will be made fully functional in every school. Number of DTC buses will be increased in order to service private schools so that it cuts down on the wait times at regular DTC bus stops. Seventeen thousand new teachers will be hired to maintain full staff strength at government schoolsStatus: Ramping up government schools has been a major focus of the government. The government has identified 54 pilot schools that were to be developed as model schools. The ultimate plan is to develop all government schools on the lines of these model schools. Trainings for principals and teachers were organized. In all 1011 government schools, a 1.5 month long learning enhancement programme was conducted for students of Grade 9. With the goal to achieve the desired 1:40 teacher-student ratio - as per the Right to Education Act - in the capital, 9000 additional teaching posts have been created. Teachers will now be recruited online by the Educational Consultant India Limited (EdCIL) on behalf of the Directorate of Education. An exam will take place to ensure quality and experience will fetch extra points. The budget for the additional posts has been fixed at Rs. 540 crore.#30 Increased Spending on Education and HealthcareFULFILLEDPromise: Education and Health will be AAP's top priority. The total budgetary allocation will be increased accordingly.Status: The AAP government's first budget saw a 106 per cent rise in allocation to education sector and 45 per cent rise in healthcare sector.#31 Expand Healthcare InfrastructureUNDER PROGRESSPromise: We will create 900 new Primary Health Centers (PHCs) and 30,000 more beds in Delhi hospitals, out of which 4,000 will be in maternity wards. We will ensure that Delhi conforms to the international norm of five beds for every 1000 people.Status: One model Mohalla Clinic has been set up in Peeragarhi, though in the budget, 209 crore has been set aside for building 1000 Mohalla clinics across the city. The clinic will attend to people living within one kilometer distance and the government hopes that people will not have to walk for more than 10-14 minutes to have access to primary health care. The usual timing will be from 8 AM to 2 PM and it is also proposed that some Mohalla Clinics may be run in evening shifts also. The government had announced its plan to buy new beds in the budget. Target of 20,000 more ward beds and 3,000 new ICU beds has been set for December 2017. The Hospital-cum-Medical College at Dwarka, planned for 700 beds, is now proposed to be of 1500 beds capacity. The new hospital complex at Burari, planned for 200 beds, will now have the capacity of 800 hospital beds. Similarly, the new hospital complex under construction at Ambedkar Nagar, originally planned for 200 beds, will now have 600 beds.#32 Quality Drugs For All At Affordable PriceUNDER PROGRESSPromise: Pharmaceutical drug and equipment procurement will be centralized to ensure zero corruption. Generic, affordable and high quality drugs will be made available to the publicStatus: The government has promised to provide drugs to patients free of cost at government pharmacies from February 1, 2016. "We will ensure 100 per cent availability of medicines and consumables as mentioned in the Essential Drug List (EDL) at the city hospitals." said the CM. But doctors at govt. hospitals say it will take a few weeks before all drugs are available. Also, note that the aim for centralization of drug and equipment procurement has been there even in the past. Time will tell how successful this ambitious scheme will turn out to be.#33 Adequate Street LightingYET TO STARTPromise: Seventy percent of Delhi's streetlights do not work. Unlit streets become scenes of crimes particularly against women. AAP will ensure a 100 percent lighting of streets across the city so that no miscreant or anti-social activity goes unnoticedStatus: No installations yet. As per the data provided by officials, PWD (under Delhi government) has jurisdiction over just 1,600km of the total 33,000km of road length in Delhi i.e. 5% of total, which is a major roadblock in fulfilling this promise.#34 Effective Last Mile ConnectivityUNDER PROGRESSPromise: AAP will provide effective last mile connectivity in Delhi's public transit system, which will play a role in reducing the number of crimes against women. An effective combination of shared autos, metro feeder services and e-rickshaws will be used to provide efficient last mile connectivity by fixing and delimiting routes. This will be synced with metro and bus timings so that there is a working connection to each neighborhood from nodal points.Status: To provide last mile connectivity, e-Rickshaws were promoted in Delhi. Further, the Delhi government announced a radio taxi service of its own called 'City Taxi Scheme', though the registrations have not begun yet. Bike on rent scheme is now available at some metro stations. Global Expression of Interest tender floated for procuring feeder buses.#35 CCTVs in Public Spaces and BusesYET TO STARTPromise: AAP plans to install CCTV cameras in DTC buses, bus stands and in crowded places as a deterrent against crime. AAP will ensure that women can go about their jobs in the city free of stress while travelling by public transport.Status: A pilot scheme for installation of CCTV cameras in 200 DTC buses has been launched. Note that Mr. Kejriwal had promised to install 10-15 lakh CCTV cameras across the city. CCTVs are yet to be installed. The government is in the homework phase to formulate a city-wide policy for acceptable certifications and getting security clearances. By end of February, request for proposals are expected to be floated, for 4 lakh CCTVs: 3 lakh in residential and 1 lakh on PWD roads.#36 Speedy Justice through 47 Fast-Track CourtsYET TO STARTPromise: AAP will strongly push for the creation and completion of fast-track courts, which are dedicated to handling cases of sexual assault and other crimes against women. AAP will operationalize 47 new courts that it had commissioned in January 2014 to ensure speedy justice. If required, the courts will be run in two shifts so that the cases involving crimes against women are heard and trials completed within six monthsStatus: Only five fast track courts are functional in Delhi as of now. They are situated in Tis Hazari, Dwarka, Rohini, Karkardooma and Saket district courts. They are headed by judicial officers of the rank of Additional District & Sessions Judge and all of them deal with the cases of rape, sexual violence and molestation of women. They were set up by the Sheila Dixit government in the aftermath of the December 2012 gang rape case. AAP has seemingly not played any role in their establishment.#37 Empower Delhi Lawyers and JudiciaryYET TO STARTPromise: New judges will be appointed. We will make provisions for affordable housing for government counsels and lawyers practising in lower courts. The government will streamline existing government medical schemes to ensure maximum coverage of legal functionaries.Status: Nothing yet.#38 Suraksha ButtonYET TO STARTPromise: Our government will provide a Suraksha/SOS button on every mobile phone. We will work towards its connectivity to the police, nearest PCR van, relatives and volunteer community.Status: Nothing yet.#39 Governance On The Mobile PhoneUNDER PROGRESSPromise: All government services and forms will be made available online and on the phone.Status: In December 2015, Delhi government launched the e-district project. The initiative, accessible via Department of Revenue, Govt. of NCT of Delhi , enables citizens to apply online or through any mobile device for certificates issued by the Revenue Department. The application status can also be tracked online. If the documents are in order, the digitally signed certificate is made available in the citizen's account which can then be downloaded and printed from any internet-enabled computer. This makes Delhi the first State in the county to allow online applications, online status verification and digitizing the entire legacy data related to such services. Apart, various mobile applications have been launched by the government: eg mSeva app to pay water bills.#40 Open Government ProjectsYET TO STARTPromise: Data on government projects, performance, accounts and personnel will be posted online. This will bring transparency and accountability in governance.Status: Nothing yet.#41 Delhi's Villages To Receive Special AttentionUNDER PROGRESSPromise: Decisions regarding the development of Delhi's villages will be taken by Gram Sabhas, which will be granted special untied Village Development Funds to be utilized according to their priorities. Those engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry will receive incentives and infrastructural support as is done in neighbouring states. We will provide sports facilities in villages to encourage young adults to pursue sports. Connectivity to rural Delhi will be enhanced through increased bus and metro services.Status: The government has decided to provide a compensation of Rs 50,000 per hectare (Rs 20,000 per acre) to every affected farmer, which is highest ever by any government in the country. Plans to improve rural connectivity have also been discussed. The first phase of Wi-Fi services, which is expected to be launched in the summer of 2016, includes rural areas along with educational institutions.#42 Pro-Farmer Land ReformWISHLISTPromise: Section 33 and 81 of the Delhi Land Reform Act, which put unjust restrictions on farmers' rights over their land, will be removed. No land will be acquired in Delhi's villages without the consent of the Gram Sabha. Strong pressure would be exerted on the Central government to remove unnecessary restrictions regarding land use in villages.Status: No change yet in both sections. Government is preparing a draft. But as Land is a Union subject, Delhi government doesn't have powers to amend the law.#43 Wi-Fi DelhiYET TO STARTPromise: We will make Wi-Fi freely available in public spaces across Delhi. Citywide Wi-Fi can help in bridging the digital divide. It will also provide an impetus to education, entrepreneurship, business, employment, and also tie in with women's safety initiatives.Status: As of now, Delhi doesn't have freely available WiFi. The government has conducted a study with PWC on various technologies and role out models. The first phase of services - that includes educational institutions and rural areas - is expected to be launched in the summer of 2016.#44 Single Window ClearanceUNDER PROGRESSPromise: We will simplify compliance and licensing for traders and put in place a system of single window clearanceStatus: Single-window clearance was introduced for ticketed events in Delhi. Entertainment tax, fire and electricity clearances are under the purview of the single-window system. Police clearance is separate as it is under central government.#45 Starting business In One WeekUNDER PROGRESSPromise: We will also ensure that starting a trade or business in Delhi takes a maximum time of one weekStatus: Working towards the goal, shop registration is now done in a day via Delhi State Industrial And Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited. VAT registration and TIN number registration is now also done on same-day basis.#46 No FDI In RetailFULFILLEDPromise: Our government will continue with its decision of not allowing FDI in retail in Delhi.Status: FDI in retail is not allowed in Delhi.#47 Lowest VAT RegimeUNDER PROGRESSPromise: Delhi will have the lowest VAT regime in India. We will simplify VAT and other tax structures. One portion of the VAT collected from every locality and market will be used for the maintenance and upgradation of that market to foster business and tradeStatus: In August 2015, VAT was reduced from 12.5% to 5% for items falling under three categories: utensils or cutlery items made of metal (including pressure cookers/pans) except those made of precious metals, wax of all kinds and wood and timber. However, the Delhi government on June 30 introduced a VAT Amendment Bill that will allow the government to hike the tax on 11 goods by up to 30 per cent in future. In January 2016, the state government raised VAT on petrol to 27 per cent from 25 per cent and VAT on diesel was increased from 16.6 per cent to 18 per cent. Though the VAT was increased, it is in line with tax in neighboring states, not higher. More initatives need to be taken to achieve the stated promise.#48 Simplifying VAT RulesUNDER PROGRESSPromise: AAP will simplify VAT rules, processes and forms. The 30 page long VAT form will be crunched into one page for traders. All communication with the concerned department will be online. Licenses will be applied for and received at home.Status: To facilitate business in Delhi and prevent evasion of taxes, in September, the Delhi Government introduced a new online form: Delhi Sugam-2 (DS2), replacing the earlier T-2 form. Form is to be filed in a non interactive mode through online/SMS to end dealers queues. The new form is much more simplified. The dealer is now required to fill only 17 fields whereas in the earlier T-2 form, a dealer had to fill 33 fields.#49 Delhi Skill MissionUNDER PROGRESSPromise: AAP will promote vocational education and skill development of Delhi's youth in schools and colleges, to bridge the real skill gap in Delhi. We will create the first ever Delhi Skill Mission to train and enable one lakh youth per year for the first 2 years, ramping up to five lakh youth per year for the next 3 years.Status: The Delhi government has launched the Higher Education and Skill Guarantee Scheme. Under the scheme, loans upto Rs. 10 lakh are to be provided without any collateral. Students pursuing any skill development course or diploma or degree course after finishing qualifying examination from any School/Educational Institution in Delhi are eligible under this scheme. The scheme will also be applicable for ITIs and polytechnic colleges. Further, vocational training in 200 schools was piloted.#50 Create 8 Lakh JobsYET TO STARTPromise: AAP will create eight lakh new jobs in the next five years. AAP will facilitate innovative and private startup accelerators to provide support to entrepreneurs. We will create an ecosystem that enables private industry to create more jobs.Status: In the two job fairs organized by Delhi government at Thyagaraj stadiums, around 14,000 people got jobs in private sector. However, initiatives to boost the ecosystem that facilitate the growth of jobs per se, are yet to be seen.#51 Delhi To Be Startup HubYET TO STARTPromise: The government will encourage startups by setting up business and technology incubators in universities and colleges. As a pilot project, we will also create three million square feet of affordable business incubation space.Status: Nothing yet.#52 Contractual Posts To Be RegularizedYET TO STARTPromise: AAP will fill 55,000 vacancies in the Delhi government and autonomous bodies of the Delhi Government on an immediate basis. 4,000 doctors and 15,000 nurses and paramedics will be made permanent.Status: No policy in place yet. Officials conveyed that government is in process of finalising the policies of regularisation. Each department has been asked to submit its own scheme.#53 Reducing PollutionUNDER PROGRESSPromise: Delhi Ridge, the lung of the city, will be protected from encroachment and deforestation. Environmentally appropriate afforestation would be carried out in all parts of Delhi in collaboration with the local Mohalla Sabhas. We will acquire mechanized vacuum cleaning vehicles to clean the city. Public transport will be improved to reduce the number of cars on the road. Additionally, incentives will be provided for low emission fuels like CNG and electricity. Government will encourage car-pooling and will crackdown on fuel adulteration to reduce pollution.Status: Major initiatives were taken to curb pollution. Odd-even scheme was one of the most talked about campaigns in the first year. Car-free days were also conducted to spread awareness among people of Delhi. Further, the Delhi government has imposed a penalty of Rs 50,000 on 38 major projects across the city for causing dust pollution. Vacuum cleaning on all PWD roads will begin from April 1, 2016.#54 Unified Transport AuthorityYET TO STARTPromise: AAP will formulate holistic transport policies for all forms of transport including the metro, buses, auto rickshaws, rickshaws and e-rickshaws. A 'Unified Transport Authority' will be established for this purposeStatus: Nothing yet.#55 Large Scale Expansion in Bus ServicesUNDER PROGRESSPromise: We will expand bus services in the city on a massive scale, adding at least 5,000 new buses to the city fleet in five years. This will reduce the cost of transportation and pollution in the city.Status: Government plans to add 2,000 new buses, including 1,000 premium buses. Tenders have been floated but no bidders yet.#56 Just And Fair Policy For E-RickshawsFULFILLEDPromise: E-rickshaw drivers of Delhi spent many months mired in confusion. They lost their livelihood for months due to the BJP's policy paralysis. AAP will formulate a clear policy and standards for the ownership and operation of e-rickshaws, keeping safety aspects in mind.Status: Following a bill passed by the Lok Sabha to regularise e-rickshaws, Delhi government started registration of e-rickshaws, special camps were organized and about 24,000 drivers got enrolled. Subsidy of Rs.15,000 was announced for purchase of e-rickshaws from the Air Ambience Fund.#57 Metro Rail 2.0YET TO STARTPromise: We will collaborate with the Indian Railways to extend and develop the Ring Rail service in Delhi. AAP will also work towards large-scale expansion of the Delhi metro, especially in rural areas. Senior citizens, students and persons with disability will be provided concessional passes on buses and in the metro.Status: Issue of Ring Railway services was taken by Mr.Kejriwal with Railway minister Suresh Prabhu. Railways will increase frequency of services. Delhi will improve condition of approach roads to railway stations on this rail line. No concrete steps taken yet.#58 Fair Arrangement for Auto DriversUNDER PROGRESSPromise: The number of auto rickshaw stands will be increased. We will facilitate fast bank loans for the purchase of auto-rickshaws. Special trainings will be conducted for auto drivers to improve their overall conduct. The interests of commuters will be protected by taking strict action against auto drivers in case of violation of laws or misbehaviour. At the same time, we will prevent harassment of auto rickshaw drivers by the police.Status: Plans for stands held up due to unavailability of land. Government plans to issue 5,500 new auto permits, but recently, more than 900 letters of intent were scrapped and three transport department officials were suspended after allegations of corruption. Special training camps have been organized but strict action in cases of violation of laws or misbehaviour is wanting. Special powers of the Traffic Police to impound autos in case of minor traffic violations were curtailed.#59 Freehold Of Resettlement ColoniesFULFILLEDPromise: The Aam Aadmi Party proposes a simple solution of conferring freehold rights to resettlement colonies. Original allottees will receive ownership of their plots for just Rs. 10,000. Those who are not original allottees will get the ownership rights of their plots for less than Rs. 50,000 depending on their plot size. The cumbersome multi-page form will be simplified and condensed into a single page form.Status: In the budget speech, Deputy Chief Minister Mr. Manish Sisodia announced: "Residents of the 45 Resettlement Colonies have been waiting for decades for workable and rational rights to their leasehold plots. We will ensure that they are given Freehold Rights to their small plots. We have already resolved in the DUSIB that original allottees and their legal heirs will get freehold rights at the rate of Rs.10,000 per square metre and all others at the rate of Rs.50,000 per square metre. This will give them great support and relief from exploitation."#60 Regularization And Transformation Of Unauthorized ColoniesUNDER PROGRESSPromise: We will provide registration rights with regard to property and sales deeds in resettlement colonies. Further, we will provide water and sewer lines, electricity, schools and hospitals in a systematic and phased manner. Multi-pronged action to make available these basic necessities is the only way of empowering unauthorized colonies, which is something that has never been attempted by the BJP or the Congress.Status: The AAP government has relaxed the regularisation policy and has waived off the penalty/regularisation charges from unauthorised colonies of F, G and H category. The waiving off of penalty charges will be major relief as 90 per cent of unauthorised colonies in Delhi fall in these categories. Delhi Jal Board (DJB) has connected eight new unauthorised colonies. Now, 205 of 1105 unauthorised colonies have piped water connection The government has approved a budget of Rs 800 crore for development work such as roads, street lights and storm water drains. In the last six years, Delhi government has spent approximately Rs 4,000 crore on development tasks in unauthorised colonies. Mapping by GeoSpatial Delhi Limited (GSDL) is underway to check unauthorised construction.#61 All unauthorized colonies to be regularized in one yearBROKENPromise: Within one year of our government formation, these unauthorized colonies will be regularized and residents will be given ownership rightsStatus:#62 Affordable Housing For AllYET TO STARTPromise: We will construct affordable housing for lower income groups. Over 200 acres of land is currently lying vacant with the Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board that can be used for affordable housingStatus: Nothing concrete yet. As a first step, a survey of slums is underway.#63 Taking Care Of Our Senior CitizensUNDER PROGRESSPromise: The government will initiate a universal and non-contributory old age pension system immediately. A minimum dignified amount indexed to inflation will be provided. Delays in disbursement and arbitrary decisions regarding pensions will be eliminatedStatus: For the 1,10,000 pension applications that had been stuck, re-verification camps were conducted in the months of April, May and June. 38,000 of them didn't turn up, which perhaps, according to government, are fake. To enhance the process, the government has decided that henceforth, verification would be held at the Mohalla Sabha level with inputs from community members. Further, the government is planning to start 38 new recreational centers for the elderly. (102 are in place already)#64 Controlling Price RiseUNDER PROGRESSPromise: In the retail and wholesale business, stringent measures will be taken to prevent hoarding and profiteering. Our government will use the its full strength to stop black market operations, hoarding and speculative trading to curb the rising prices of vegetables, fruits and other essential commodities. Ration shops and the public distribution system will be corruption-free and shield the Aam Aadmi from rising costs.Status: e-ration card was introduced. 5.5 lakh people availed benefit. With this card, all history of purchases are now logged. Further, 2400 fair price shops will soon be equipped with PoS (Point of Sale) device. Active steps were taken by the Delhi government to curb the onion price rise last year. For instance, to check hoarding and black marketing, monitoring teams were sent on ground, among various other steps.#65 Drug-Free DelhiUNDER PROGRESSPromise: AAP wishes to make Delhi a completely drug-free state. We will prevent drug trafficking by means of tight monitoring and ensuring strict punishment for the guilty. The number of de-addiction centers shall be increased and mental and psychiatric support for rehabilitation purposes will be provided. We will also ensure that effective counseling is easily available in schools for adolescents.Status: A scheme for de-addiction is being worked upon. The focus of the government is on prevention. Concerns like supply of drugs comes under the Delhi Police. To understand the problem in depth, a survey by AIIMS is underway to find out the number of children who are addicted and other related issues. Further, government will be setting up counseling centers at all anganwadis for timely addressal of all queries and to ensure minimum cases of dropouts. A pilot is being planned in collaboration with 5 NGOs. Also, the government approached National Institute of Social Defence to run educational modules in schools to sensitize kids, parents and teachers against drug abuse.#66 Empowering The DisabledUNDER PROGRESSPromise: We are committed to protecting the rights of Persons with Disability (PwD), and hope to make Delhi an exemplar for the rest of India. AAP will ensure implementation of the 3 percent reservation for persons with disability. We will strive to make education truly inclusive by hiring special educators in government schools. AAP will help children with disability get admission into schools and colleges and ensure financial support to institutions working especially for their needsStatus: There was no state policy in Delhi for disabled people. AAP-led Delhi government has initiated the process, and the draft policy - State Policy and Action Plan for People with Disabilities - had been prepared and put up on the govt website inviting suggestions. The 3% reservation would be enforced once the work place buildings are made disabled-friendly, without which, the reservation has no practical meaning. In collaboration with NGO Samarthyam, government is planning out the infrastructure to set up disabled friendly workplaces. 20 hospitals in all districts of Delhi have been notified as Medical Authority for Issuance of Disability Certificate for general disability and another 10 for in case of neurological and intellectual disability.#67 Justice For Victims Of Anti-Sikh 1984 CarnageFULFILLEDPromise: The 1984 anti-Sikh carnage was one of the lowest points in the history of Delhi. Those responsible continue to roam scot-free. The Aam Aadmi Party understands the feeling widespread in the Sikh community that they have been denied justice. Further, the fact that the BJP-led government at the Centre still feels the need to constitute a committee to decide whether an SIT is needed or not on this issue is mystifying. We promise to notify the SIT that we had ordered in January 2014 to reinvestigate the 1984 anti-Sikh killings, particularly the involvement of high profile Congress leaders. Cases where investigations were not carried out properly or witness testimonies not recorded will be reopened.Status: Note that the BJP-led NDA government's move to set up SIT into 1984 anti-Sikh riots was announced in February 2015, immediately before the time when polls to the Delhi Assembly were to be held. In October 2014, a hike in compensation to Rs. five lakh had been announced by the Central government, five months after the BJP had formed its government at the Centre. In August 2015, the Delhi Cabinet decided to distribute enhanced compensation cheques as announced by the Central government to the kin of the 1984 anti-Sikh riot victims. Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal along with his Deputy Manish Sisodia distributed the enhanced compensation cheques of Rs. 5 lakh to the kin of each of the 1,300 people killed in the violence and paid homage to the victims on the 31st anniversary of the riots. The Delhi Government has estimated an expenditure of around Rs. 130 crore on compensation for around 2,600 families of anti-Sikh riot victims. The Centre will later refund the compensation amount to the Delhi government.#68 Respecting Our Ex-ServicemenWISHLISTPromise: Delhi is home to a large number of ex-servicemen and women from the Armed Forces. AAP will stand by the nation's ex-servicemen in their fight for "One Rank, One Pension". We will ensure the existing quota in government jobs for ex-servicemen is filled up.Status: OROP comes under the purview of the Union govt.#69 Development And Equality For All MinoritiesYET TO STARTPromise: The recent communal tension witnessed in Delhi is totally out of sync with the social fabric of the city. We stand firmly against attacks on places of worship and inflammatory speeches across Delhi. Upholding the spirit of Swaraj, Mohalla Sabhas will set up peace committees to ensure harmony in their respective neighborhoods. We will bring transparency in the functioning of Delhi Waqf Board and ensure that encroachments on Waqf property by private parties as well as the government are removedStatus: In January, The Delhi Waqf Board told the Delhi High Court that it was suffering in getting its 990 properties vacated from illegal and unauthorised encroachers as the Waqf tribunal has not been constituted. AAP government has "superseded" the Delhi Waqf Board, transferring all its powers and duties to the secretary (revenue) in the city administration.#70 Dignity To The Safai KaramchariUNDER PROGRESSPromise: AAP will end contractualisation in "Safai Karamchari" posts and will regularize existing employees. Workers who enter sewers will be provided with protective gear, masks and appropriate equipment. Like fire fighters, they will receive medical insurance. To help in their career advancement, Safai Karamcharis will be provided assistance in education and training.Status: The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) government has started a process to regularise more than 50,000 employees working on contractual basis in its different departments. The services department of the Delhi government has approved a policy to employ 'eligible' candidates on a regular basis, an official said. Officials conveyed that the government has recommended all 3 municipal corporations to start cashless medical facility for Safai Karamcharis. Also, Safai Karamchari has been treated as a Skilled Worker in the Minimum Wages Act.#71 Dignity To The Safai KaramchariYET TO STARTPromise: On the death of a "Safai Karamchari" on duty, Rs. 50 lakh will be given to the bereaved family.Status: No announcement yet.#72 Loans to Scheduled Castes to Start BusinessesFULFILLEDPromise: Entrepreneurs from Scheduled Castes will be provided zero or low-interest loans to set up businessesStatus: The Delhi Government revamped the entire working structure of Delhi State Finance Development Corporation (DSFDC). Major changes have been done in the "Dilli Swarojgar Yojna" scheme, which was initiated by the previous government. Now, no guarantors are needed for loans less than Rs. 50,000, which used to be a major roadblock earlier. For loan of Rs. 5 lakh and above, the borrower may arrange two persons as guarantors, who have been paying Income Tax consecutively for the past three financial years and have a net worth of Rs. 25 lakhs each. According to government officials, in the year before AAP government came into power, only 1 loan was santioned. This year, 60 loans were given and 150 applications were disposed (which didn't fulfil the criteria).#73 Caste Certificate Process SimplifiedUNDER PROGRESSPromise: Procedures for obtaining caste certificates will be simplified.Status: The process has been simplified by doing away with affidavits and now only self-affidavits are required. Also, certificates can now be availed online via e-ditsrict platform.#74 Transgender CommunityUNDER PROGRESSPromise: The long neglected transgender community will be provided access to health, education and appropriate identity cards that will ease their engagement with institutions.Status: Following the recommendations of expert committee on issues of transgender community, the Delhi government announced setting up district level screening committee that will issue certificate of being a transgender person, among other things.#75 Promote Sports CultureYET TO STARTPromise: We will create new sports facilities, improve the existing infrastructure and provide coaching assistance to sportspersons.Status: Nothing yet.#76 Promote Sports CultureFULFILLEDPromise: We will open for the youth Delhi's sports stadiums and complexes that at present are lying underutilized.Status: To promote sports among people of all age groups, Delhi government has decided to launch "Pay & Play Scheme" at the designated stadiums or sports complexes where they can play the game available there after paying a nominal fee of Rs 100.#77 Promote Sports CultureYET TO STARTPromise: More than 3000 government school playgrounds will also be made available to the local community after school hours.Status: Nothing yet.#78 Public librariesUNDER PROGRESSPromise: A public library or community-reading space will be created in every constituency of Delhi.Status: In the eleven constituencies where the Mohalla Sabhas are active, people asked for libraries in their communities; especially in low income areas, where there is no place to study. Since land is not easily available, government is renting rooms to create space for libraries and getting the infrastructure in place.

Three prominent themes of the BudgetAspirational India - better standards of living with access to health, education and better jobs for all sections of the societyEconomic Development for all - “Sabka Saath , Sabka Vikas , Sabka Vishwas”.Caring Society - both humane and compassionate; Antyodaya as an article of faith.Three broad themes are held together by:Corruption free, policy-driven Good Governance.Clean and sound financial sector.Ease of Living underlined by the three themes of Union Budget 2020-21.Three components of Aspirational IndiaAgriculture, Irrigation, and Rural DevelopmentWellness, Water, and SanitationEducation and SkillsSixteen Action Points for Agriculture, Irrigation and Rural DevelopmentRs. 2.83 lakh crore to be allocated for the following 16 Action Points:Rs. 1.60 lakh crore for Agriculture, Irrigation & allied activities.Rs. 1.23 lakh crore for Rural development & Panchayati Raj. -Agriculture credit:Rs. 15 lakh crore target set for the year 2020-21.PM-KISAN beneficiaries to be covered under the KCC scheme.NABARD Re-finance Scheme to be further expanded.Comprehensive measures for 100 water-stressed districts proposed.Blue Economy:Rs. 1 lakh crore fisheries’ exports to be achieved by 2024-25.200 lakh tonnes fish production targeted by 2022-23.3477 Sagar Mitras and 500 Fish Farmer Producer Organisations to involve youth in fisheries extension.Growing of algae, sea-weed and cage culture to be promoted.Framework for development, management and conservation of marine fishery resources.Kisan Rail to be setup by Indian Railways through PPP:To build a seamless national cold supply chain for perishables (milk, meat, fish, etc.Express and Freight trains to have refrigerated coaches.Krishi Udaan to be launched by the Ministry of Civil Aviation:Both international and national routes to be covered.North-East and tribal districts to realize Improved value of agri-products.One-Product One-District for better marketing and export in the Horticulture sector.Balanced use of all kinds of fertilizers - traditional organic and innovative fertilizers.Measures for organic, natural, and integrated farming:Jaivik Kheti Portal – online national organic products market to be strengthened.Zero-Budget Natural Farming (mentioned in July 2019 Budget) to be included.o Integrated Farming Systems in rain-fed areas to be expanded.o Multi-tier cropping, bee-keeping, solar pumps, solar energy production in non-cropping season to be added.PM-KUSUM to be expanded:20 lakh farmers to be provided for setting up stand-alone solar pumps.Another 15 lakh farmers to be helped to solarise their grid-connected pump sets.Scheme to enable farmers to set up solar power generation capacity on their fallow/barren lands and to sell it to the grid.Village Storage Scheme:To be run by the SHGs to provide farmers a good holding capacity and reduce their logistics cost.Women, SHGs to regain their position as Dhaanya Lakshmi.NABARD to map and geo-tag agri-warehouses, cold storages, reefer van facilities, etc.Warehousing in line with Warehouse Development and Regulatory Authority (WDRA) norms:Viability Gap Funding for setting up such efficient warehouses at the block/taluk level.Food Corporation of India (FCI) and Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC) to undertake such warehouse building.Financing on Negotiable Warehousing Receipts (e-NWR) to be integrated with e-NAM.State governments who undertake implementation of model laws (issued by the Central government) to be encouraged.Livestock:Doubling of milk processing capacity to 108 million MT from 53.5 million MT by 2025.Artificial insemination to be increased to 70% from the present 30%.MNREGS to be dovetailed to develop fodder farms.Foot and Mouth Disease, Brucellosis in cattle and Peste Des Petits ruminants (PPR) in sheep and goat to be eliminated by 2025.Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana – 0.5 crore households mobilized with 58 lakh SHGs for poverty alleviation.Wellness, Water and SanitationRs. 69,000 crore allocated for overall Healthcare sector.Rs. 6400 crore (out of Rs. 69,000 crore) for PM Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY):More than 20,000 hospitals already empanelled under PM Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY).Viability Gap Funding window proposed for setting up hospitals in the PPP mode.Aspirational Districts with no Ayushman empanelled hospitals to be covered in the first phase.Targeting diseases with an appropriately designed preventive regime using Machine Learning and AI.Jan Aushadhi Kendra Scheme to offer 2000 medicines and 300 surgicals in all districts by 2024.TB Harega Desh Jeetega campaign launched - commitment to end Tuberculosis by 2025.Rs. 3.60 lakh crore approved for Jal Jeevan Mission:Rs. 11,500 crore for the year 2020-21.Augmenting local water sources, recharging existing sources, and promoting water harvesting and de-salination.Cities with million-plus population to be encouraged to achieve the objective during the current year itself.Rs.12, 300 crore allocation for Swachh Bharat Mission in 2020-21:Committment to ODF-Plus in order to sustain ODF behaviour.Emphasis on liquid and grey water management.o Focus also on Solid-waste collection, source segregation, and processing.Education and SkillsRs. 99,300 crore for education sector and Rs. 3000 crore for skill development in 2020-21.New Education Policy to be announced soon.National Police University and National Forensic Science University proposed for policing science, forensic science, and cyber-forensics.Degree level full-fledged online education program by Top-100 institutions in the National Institutional Ranking Framework.Up to 1-year internship to fresh engineers to be provided by Urban Local Bodies.Budget proposes to attach a medical college to an existing district hospital in PPP mode.Special bridge courses to be designed by the Ministries of Health, and Skill Development:To fulfill the demand for teachers, nurses, para-medical staff and care-givers abroad.To bring in equivalence in the skill sets of the workforce and employers’ standards.150 higher educational institutions to start apprenticeship embedded degree/diploma courses by March 2021.External Commercial Borrowings and FDI to be enabled for education sector.Ind-SAT proposed for Asian and African countries as a part of Study in India program.Economic DevelopmentIndustry, Commerce and InvestmentRs. 27,300 crore allocated for 2020-21 for development and promotion of Industry and Commerce.Investment Clearance Cell proposed to be set up:o To provide “end to end” facilitation and support.o To work through a portal.Five new smart cities proposed to be developed.Scheme to encourage manufacture of mobile phones, electronic equipment and semi-conductor packaging proposed.National Technical Textiles Mission to be set up:o With four-year implementation period from 2020-21 to 2023-24.o At an estimated outlay of Rs 1480 crore.o To position India as a global leader in Technical Textiles.New scheme NIRVIK to be launched to achieve higher export credit disbursement, which provides for:o Higher insurance coverageo Reduction in premium for small exporterso Simplified procedure for claim settlements.Turnover of Government e-Marketplace (GeM) proposed to be taken to Rs 3 lakh crore.Scheme for Revision of duties and taxes on exported products to be launched.o Exporters to be digitally refunded duties and taxes levied at the Central, State and local levels, which are otherwise not exempted or refunded.All Ministries to issue quality standard orders as per PM’s vision of “Zero Defect-Zero Effect” manufacturing.InfrastructureRs.100 lakh crore to be invested on infrastructure over the next 5 years.National Infrastructure Pipeline:o Rs. 103 lakh crore worth projects; launched on 31st December 2019.o More than 6500 projects across sectors, to be classified as per their size and stage of development.A National Logistics Policy to be released soon:o To clarify roles of the Union Government, State Governments and key regulators.o A single window e-logistics market to be createdo Focus to be on generation of employment, skills and making MSMEs competitive.National Skill Development Agency to give special thrust to infrastructure-focused skill development opportunities.Project preparation facility for infrastructure projects proposed.o To actively involve young engineers, management graduates and economists from Universities.Infrastructure agencies of the government to involve youth-power in start-ups.Rs.1.7 lakh crore proposed for transport infrastructure in 2020-21.Highways:Accelerated development of highways to be undertaken, including:o 2500 Km access control highways.o 9000 Km of economic corridors.o 2000 Km of coastal and land port roads.o 2000 Km of strategic highways.Delhi-Mumbai Expressway and two other packages to be completed by 2023.Chennai-Bengaluru Expressway to be started.Proposed to monetise at least 12 lots of highway bundles of over 6000 Km before 2024.Indian Railways:Five measures:o Large solar power capacity to be set up alongside rail tracks, on land owned by railways.o Four station re-development projects and operation of 150 passenger trains through PPP.o More Tejas type trains to connect iconic tourist destinations.o High speed train between Mumbai and Ahmedabad to be actively pursued.o 148 km long Bengaluru Suburban transport project at a cost of Rs 18600 crore, to have fares on metro model. Central Government to provide 20% of equity and facilitate external assistance up to 60% of the project cost.Indian Railways’ achievements:o 550 Wi-fi facilities commissioned in as many stations.o Zero unmanned crossings.o 27000 Km of tracks to be electrified.Ports & Water-ways:Corporatizing at least one major port and its listing on stock exchanges to be considered.Governance framework keeping with global benchmarks needed for more efficient sea-ports.Economic activity along river banks to be energised as per Prime Minister’s Arth Ganga concept.Airports:100 more airports to be developed by 2024 to support Udaan scheme.Air fleet number expected to go up from present 600 to 1200 during this time.Electricity:“Smart” metering to be promoted.More measures to reform DISCOMs to be taken.Power:Rs.22, 000 crore proposed for power and renewable energy sector in 2020-21.Expansion of national gas grid from the present 16200 km to 27000 km proposed.Further reforms to facilitate transparent price discovery and ease of transactions.New EconomyTo take advantage of new technologies:o Policy to enable private sector to build Data Centre parks throughout the country to be brought out soon.o Fibre to the Home (FTTH) connections through Bharatnet to link 100,000 gram panchayats this year.o Rs.6000 crore proposed for Bharatnet programme in 2020-21.Measures proposed to benefit Start-ups:o A digital platform to be promoted to facilitate seamless application and capture of IPRs.o Knowledge Translation Clusters to be set up across different technology sectors including new and emerging areas.o For designing, fabrication and validation of proof of concept, and further scaling up Technology Clusters, harbouring test beds and small scale manufacturing facilities to be established.o Mapping of India’s genetic landscape- Two new national level Science Schemes to be initiated to create a comprehensive database.o Early life funding proposed, including a seed fund to support ideation and development of early stage Start-ups.Rs.8000 crore proposed over five years for National Mission on Quantum Technologies and Applications.Caring SocietyFocus on:o Women & child,o Social Welfare;o Culture and TourismAllocation of Rs. 35,600 crore for nutrition-related programmes proposed for the FY2020-21.Rs.28, 600 crore proposed for women specific programs.Issue about age of a girl entering motherhood - proposed to appoint a task force to present its recommendations in six months’ time.Financial support for wider acceptance of technologies, identified by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs to ensure no manual cleaning of sewer systems or septic tanks, to be provided.Rs. 85, 000 crore proposed for 2020-21 for welfare of Scheduled Castes and Other Backward Classes.Rs. 53, 700 crore provided to further development and welfare of Scheduled Tribes.Enhanced allocation of Rs. 9,500 crore provided for 2020-21 for senior citizens and Divyang.Culture & TourismAllocation of Rs. 2500 crore for 2020-21 for tourism promotion.Rs.3150 crore proposed for Ministry of Culture for 2020-21.An Indian Institute of Heritage and Conservation under Ministry of Culture proposed; with the status of a deemed University.5 archaeological sites to be developed as iconic sites with on-site Museums:o Rakhigarhi (Haryana)o Hastinapur (Uttar Pradesh)o Shivsagar (Assam)o Dholavira (Gujarat)o Adichanallur (Tamil Nadu)Re-curation of the Indian Museum in Kolkata, announced by Prime Minister in January 2020.Museum on Numismatics and Trade to be located in the historic Old Mint building in Kolkata.4 more museums from across the country to be taken up for renovation and re-curation.Support for setting up of a Tribal Museum in Ranchi (Jharkhand).Maritime museum to be set up at Lothal- the Harrapan age maritime site near Ahmedabad, by Ministry of Shipping.State governments expected to develop a roadmap for certain identified destinations and formulate financial plans during 2021 against which specified grants to be made available to the States in 2020-21.Environment & Climate ChangeAllocation for this purpose to be Rs.4400 crore for 2020-21.Proposed to advise the utilities to close the running old thermal power plants with carbon emission above the pre-set norms.States that are formulating and implementing plans for ensuring cleaner air in cities above one million to be encouraged.PM launched Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) with Secretariat in Delhi. Second such international initiative after International Solar Alliance.GovernanceClean, corruption-free, policy driven, good in intent and most importantly trusting in faith.Taxpayer Charter to be enshrined in the Statute will bring fairness and efficiency in tax administration.Companies Act to be amended to build into statues, criminal liability for certain acts that are civil in nature.Other laws with such provisions are to be corrected after examination.Major reforms in recruitment to Non-Gazetted posts in Government and Public sector banks:An independent, professional and specialist National Recruitment Agency (NRA) for conducting a computer-based online Common Eligibility Test for recruitment.A test-centre in every district, particularly in the Aspirational Districts.A robust mechanism to be evolved for appointment including direct recruitment to various Tribunals and specialised bodies to attract best talents and professional experts.Contract Act to be strengthened.New National Policy on Official Statistics to:Promote use of latest technologies including AI.Lay down a road-map towards modernised data collection, integrated information portal and timely dissemination of information.A sum of Rs. 100 crore allocated to begin the preparations for G20 presidency to be hosted in India in the year 2022.Development of North East region:Improved flow of funds using online portal by the Government.Greater access to financial assistance of Multilateral and Bilateral funding agencies.Development of Union Territories of J&K and Ladakh:An amount of Rs. 30,757 crore provided for the financial year 2020-21.o The Union Territory of Ladakh has been provided with Rs. 5,958.Financial SectorReforms accomplished in PSBs :10 banks consolidated into 4.Rs. 3,50,000 crore capital infused.Governance reforms to be carried out to bring in transparency and greater professionalism in PSBs.Few PSBs to be encouraged to approach the capital market to raise additional capitalDeposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) permitted to increase Deposit Insurance Coverage to Rs. 5 lakh from Rs.1 lakh per depositor.Scheduled Commercial Bank’s health under monitoring through a robust mechanism, keeping depositors’ money safe.Cooperative Banks to be strengthen by amending Banking Regulation Act for:Increasing professionalism.Enabling access to capital.Improving governance and oversight for sound banking through the RBI.NBFCs eligibility limit for debt recovery reduced from:Rs. 500 crore to Rs 100 crore asset size.Rs 1 crore to Rs 50 lakh loan size.Private capital in Banking system:Government to sell its balance holding in IDBI Bank to private, retail and institutional investors through the stock exchange.Easier mobility in jobs:Auto-enrolment in Universal Pension coverage.Inter-operability mechanism to safeguard the accumulated corpus.Pension Fund Regulatory Development Authority of India Act to be amended to:Strengthen regulating role of PFRDAI.Facilitate separation of NPS trust for government employees from PFRDAI.Enable establishment of a Pension Trust by the employees other than Government.Factor Regulation Act 2011 to be amended to:Enable NBFCs to extend invoice financing to the MSMEs through TReDSNew scheme to provide subordinate debt for entrepreneurs of MSMEs by the banksWould be counted as quasi-equity.Would be fully guaranteed through the Credit Guarantee Trust for Medium and Small Entrepreneurs (CGTMSE).The corpus of the CGTMSE would accordingly be augmented by the government.Window for MSME’s debt restructuring by RBI to be extended by one year till March 31, 2021.More than five lakh MSMEs have already been benefitted.An app-based invoice financing loans product for MSMEs to be launched.To prevent the problem of delayed payments and consequential cash flows mismatches.Export promotion of MSMEs:For selected sector such as pharmaceuticals, auto components and others.An Rs 1000 crore scheme anchored by EXIM Bank together with SIDBI.o Hand holding support for technology upgradations, R&D, business strategy etc.Financial MarketDeepening Bond Market.Certain specified categories of Government securities to be opened fully for non -resident investors also.FPI limit in corporate bonds increased to 15% from 9% of its outstanding stock.New legislation to be formulated for laying down a mechanism for netting of financial contracts.Scope of credit default swaps to expand.Debt Based Exchange Traded Fund expanded by a new Debt-ETF consisting primarily of Government Securities.To give attractive access to retail investors, pension funds and long-term investors.A Partial Credit Guarantee scheme for the NBFCs formulated post the Union budget 2019-20 to address their liquidity constraints.New mechanism to be devised to further this.o Government support to securities so floated.Infrastructure FinancingRs.103 lakh crore National Infrastructure Pipeline projects earlier announced.Rs 22,000 crore to cater to the equity support to Infrastructure Finance Companies such as IIFCL and a subsidiary of NIIF.IFSC, GIFT city: full of potential to become a centre of international finance as well as a centre for high end data processing:o An International Bullion exchange(s) to be set up as an additional option for trade by global market participants with the approval of regulator.DisinvestmentGovernment to sell a part of its holding in LIC by way of Initial Public Offer (IPO).Fiscal ManagementXV Finance Commission (FC):o XV Finance Commission has given its first report for FY2020-21o Recommendations accepted in substantial measureo Its final report for five years beginning 2021-22 to be submitted during the latter part of the year.GST Compensation Fund:o Balances due out of collection of the years 2016-17 and 2017-18 to be transferred to the Fund, in two instalments.o Hereinafter, transfers to the fund to be limited only to collection by way of GST compensation cess.Overhaul of Centrally Sponsored Schemes and Central Sector Schemes necessary:o To align them with emerging social and economic needs of tomorrowo To ensure that scarce public resources are spent optimallyOn the recent debate over transparency and credibility of projected fiscal numbers, it is assured that procedure adopted is compliant with the FRBM Act.For the FY 2019-20:o Revised Estimates of Expenditure: at Rs.26.99 lakh croreo Revised Estimates of Receipts: estimated at Rs.19.32 lakh crore.For year 2020-21:o Nominal growth of GDP estimated at 10%.o Receipts: estimated at Rs.22.46 lakh cro Expenditure: at Rs.30.42 lakh cr.Significant tax reforms for boosting investments recently undertaken. However, expected tax buoyancy expected to take time.Fiscal deficit of 3.8% estimated in RE 2019-20 and 3.5% for BE 2020-21. It comprises two ingredients;o 3.3% for year 2019-20 and 3% for the 2020-21 budget estimate.o Deviation of 0.5%, consistent with Section 4(3) of FRBM Act, both for RE 2019-20 and BE 2020-21. (Section 4 (2) of the FRBM Act provides for a trigger mechanism for a deviation from the estimated fiscal deficit on account of structural reforms in the economy with unanticipated fiscal implications.)o Return path, committing to fiscal consolidation without compromising needs of investment out of public funds, is laid in Medium Term Fiscal Policy cum Strategy Statement.o Market borrowings: Net market borrowings: Rs.4.99 lakh crore for 2019-20 and Rs.5.36 lakh crore for 2020-21.A good part of the borrowings for the financial year 2020-21 to go towards Capital expenditure that has been scaled up by more than 21%.Direct TaxDirect Tax Proposals - To stimulate growth, simplify tax structure, bring ease of compliance, and reduce litigations.Personal Income Tax:Significant relief to middle class taxpayers.New and simplified personal income tax regime proposed:Taxable Income Slab (Rs.)Existing tax ratesNew tax rates0-2.5 LakhExemptExempt2.5-5 Lakh5%5%5-7.5 Lakh20%10%7.5-10 Lakh20%15%10-12.5 Lakh30%20%12.5-15 Lakh30%25%Above 15 Lakh30%30%Around 70 of the existing exemptions and deductions (more than 100) to be removed in the new simplified regime.Remaining exemptions and deductions to be reviewed and rationalised in coming years.New tax regime to be optional - an individual may continue to pay tax as per the old regime and avail deductions and exemptions.Measures to pre-fill the income tax return initiated so that an individual who opts for the new regime gets pre-filled income tax returns and would need no assistance from an expert to pay income tax.New regime to entail estimated revenue forgone of Rs. 40,000 crore per year.Corporate Tax:Tax rate of 15% extended to new electricity generation companies.Indian corporate tax rates now amongst the lowest in the world.Dividend Distribution Tax (DDT):DDT removed making India a more attractive investment destination.Deduction to be allowed for dividend received by holding company from its subsidiary.Rs. 25,000 crore estimated annual revenue forgone.Start-ups:Start-ups with turnover up to Rs. 100 crore to enjoy 100% deduction for 3 consecutive assessment years out of 10 years.Tax payment on ESOPs deferred.MSMEs to boost less-cash economy:Turnover threshold for audit increased to Rs. 5 crore from Rs. 1 crore for businesses carrying out less than 5% business transactions in cash.Cooperatives:Parity brought between cooperatives and corporate sector.Option to cooperative societies to be taxed at 22% + 10% surcharge and 4% cess with no exemption/deductions.Cooperative societies exempted from Alternate Minimum Tax (AMT) just like Companies are exempted from the Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT).Tax concession for foreign investments:100% tax exemption to the interest, dividend and capital gains income on investment made in infrastructure and priority sectors before 31st March, 2024 with a minimum lock-in period of 3 years by the Sovereign Wealth Fund of foreign governments.Affordable housing:Additional deduction up to Rs. 1.5 lakhs for interest paid on loans taken for an affordable house extended till 31st March, 2021.Date of approval of affordable housing projects for availing tax holiday on profits earned by developers extended till 31st March, 2021.Tax Facilitation MeasuresInstant PAN to be allotted online through Aadhaar.‘Vivad Se Vishwas’ scheme, with a deadline of 30th June, 2020, to reduce litigations in direct taxes:Waiver of interest and penalty - only disputed taxes to be paid for payments till 31st March, 2020.Additional amount to be paid if availed after 31st March, 2020.Benefits to taxpayers in whose cases appeals are pending at any level.Faceless appeals to be enabled by amending the Income Tax Act.For charity institutions:Pre-filling in return through information of donations furnished by the done.Process of registration to be made completely electronic.Unique registration number (URN) to be issued to all new and existing charity institutions.Provisional registration to be allowed for new charity institutions for three years.CBDT to adopt a Taxpayers’ Charter.Losses of merged banks:Amendments proposed to the Income-tax Act to ensure that entities benefit from unabsorbed losses and depreciation of the amalgamating entities.Indirect TaxGST:Cash reward system envisaged to incentivise customers to seek invoice.Simplified return with features like SMS based filing for nil return and improved input tax credit flow to be implemented from 1st April, 2020 as a pilot run.Dynamic QR-code capturing GST parameters proposed for consumer invoices.Electronic invoice to capture critical information in a centralized system to be implemented in a phased manner.Aadhaar based verification of taxpayers being introduced to weed out dummy or non-existent units.GST rate structure being deliberated to address inverted duty structure.Customs Duties:Customs duty raised on footwear to 35% from 25% and on furniture goods to 25% from 20%.Basic customs duty on imports of news print and light-weight coated paper reduced from 10% to 5%.Customs duty rates revised on electric vehicles and parts of mobiles.5% health cess to be imposed on the imports of medical devices, except those exempt from BCD.Lower customs duty on certain inputs and raw materials like fuse, chemicals, and plastics.Higher customs duty on certain goods like auto-parts, chemicals, etc. which are also being made domestically.Trade Policy MeasuresCustoms Act being amended to enable proper checks of imports under FTAs.Rules of Origin requirements to be reviewed for certain sensitive items.Provisions relating to safeguard duties to be strengthened to enable regulating such surge in imports in a systematic way.Provisions for checking dumping of goods and imports of subsidized goods being strengthened.Suggestions for reviews of exemptions from customs duty to be crowd-sourced.Excise duty proposed to be raised on Cigarettes and other tobacco products, no change made in the duty rates of bidis.Anti-dumping duty on PTA abolished to benefit the textile sector.Unprecedented Milestones and Achievements of Indian EconomyIndia now the fifth largest economy of the world.7.4% average growth clocked during 2014-19 with inflation averaging around 4.5%.271 million people raised out of poverty during 2006-16.India’s Foreign Direct Investment elevated to US$ 284 billion during 2014-19 from US$ 190 billion during 2009-14.Central Government debt reduced to 48.7% of GDP (March 2019) from 52.2% (March 2014).Two cross-cutting developments:Proliferation of technologies (Analytics, Machine Learning, robotics, Bio-informatics and Artificial Intelligence).Highest ever number of people in the productive age group (15-65 years) in India.GST removed many bottlenecks in the system.Future Aim for sustaining India’s unique global leadership, driven by Digital RevolutionSeamless delivery of services through Digital Governance.Improvement in physical quality of life through National Infrastructure Pipeline.Risk mitigation through Disaster Resilience.Social security through Pension and Insurance penetration.