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Written by EDMOND MACARAEG.Exposing Those Who Contradict25 Irrefutable Reasons Why the New Testament Was Not Originally Written in Greek.BY EDMOND MACARAEG. 15/04/19This is a very shocking article that goes contrary to what is commonly taught and popularly believed in the modern Christian world.But before making a prematurely negative judgement, please lay aside any bias and prejudice,and open-mindedly examine the FACTS that will be presented here in a logical and objective manner - backed-up overwhelming solid evidence, both eternal and external.In this regard, let us wisely and patiently apply the advice of King Solomon when he said:“He who answers a matter before he hears it, it is folly and shame to him. Proverbs 18:13.Not only that,but most may have already been influenced- sadly and unwittingly by the strong effect of the statement:“A lie repeated often enough is eventually believed as true.” Whether factual or not, this quote is commonly attributed to Adolf Hitler’s propagandist, Joseph Goebbels.NOTE: Unless you have already read it, please READ FIRST the fully documented article on this website as a suggestied primer: “The Amazing Hebrew Language History Since Eden”. This will give you a solid understanding of the God - inspired history of the Semitic languageHere now are the 25 Solid Facts Proving that Greek cannot Be The Original New Testament language:God’s Nature and Character Is ConsistentGod talked to Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden in what later became known as the Hebrew language. God used this language to speak to all the Israelites at Mount Sinai. It’s the language in which the Ten Commandments were written by God’s own finger. It’s also the language He used to speak to all the patriarchs and prophets. He even had the Old Testament written primarily in this language. Is it now logical to believe that God (for no apparent reason) suddenly changed His mind (Malachi 3:6) and surprisingly began to use Greek - a completely foreign language- to write the New Testament? Such absurd thinking presents lots of problematic difficulties.2. Josephus Disdained the Greek languageJosephus (Hebrew name: Yosef Ben Matityahu (AD. 37–100). The first century Jewish priest-historian , reflects the commo negative attitude of the Jews toward the Greeks when he said :“I have taken a great deal of pains to obtain the learning of the Greeks, and understand the elements of the Greek language…{yet} I cannot pronounce Greek with sufficient exactness; for our nation does NOT encourage those that learn the language of many nations…because they (the Jews) look upon this sort of accomplishment as common.(very lowly) …. But they give him the testimony of being a wise man who is fully acquainted with our (Jewish) laws… (in contrast) as there have been so many who have done their endeavors with great patience to obtain this (Greek) learning, there have yet hardly been so many as two or three that have succeeded therein who were immediately well rewarded for their pains. (Emphasis mine). Antiquities of the Jews, XX, XI.3. Jews Had Aversion Toward the GreeksThe great Jewish aversion toward the Greek (especially on religous matters) is reflected and recorded by the gospel writer histotians Luke is that violent incident where an angry Jewish mob developed upon the false report that Paul “brought Greeks with him in the his temple worship during his last visit to Jerusalem (Acts 21:27–29). This led to Paul’s arrestand imprisonment.4. Hebrew - Aramaic Was Actually the Comon Language in First - Century Judea.All honest historians agree that Christ and his diciples commonly spoke in Aramaic (a sister dialect to Hebrew), which was also the common language in all Judea and surrounding regions in the first century, Sadly, (popular Christian teaching deceitfully wants us to believe that Greek was their common language, which is also the false reason given to support the erroneous belief that Greek was the original language of the New Testament.5. Aramaic Was Christ’s Native LanguageTwo relatively recent movies - in consultation with noted top historians to precisely recreate the original scenario in Jerusalem at the time of Christon earth - used Aramaic in their movie dialogue. The two stated Christian films were “The Passion of Christ” and “Risen”.6, Hebrew - Aramaic was Also the Native Language of all Christ’s disciplesALL of Christ’s disciples were Hebrews who spoke Aramaic. And we’ve alrady seen that the native language of Yahshua (Jesus) was Aramaic. It is absolutely illogical and unreasonable for them to syddenly write to their fellow Hebrew audience in a foreign hated language (Greek)! It’s like a true blooded American writing to a large American audience using the Russisn language.7. Christ’s Disciples Were NOT Knowledgeable in GreekLet us remember that even the top four most - often named discioles {Peter.Andrew, James, and John} were plain fishermen and were derisively derided by the Sanhedrin as “uneducated and untrained men” (Acts 4:13). HOW then can such ignorant men write in Greek? Impossible.8) There is no Evidence That the Disciples Ever Studied GreekThere is absolutely no record or evidence that the disciples (even after Christ’s resurrection) ever ventured to find a school or tutor to study Greek. If ever they did study first, HOW could they fulfill Christ’s commission to go and preach? And since both the Jewish and Roman persecution came early, they obviously would have already been dead before they were able to learn Greek.9. The “Oracles” (or Words) of God Were Committed to the Jews.The apostle Paul says that “the oracles (words, NIV) of God were : committed to the Jews - NOT to the Latin speaking Romans, and also NOT to the Greeks. (Romans 3:1–2). sadly, this biblical fact is hidden or ignored by some historians and theologians in an effort to rewrite history. This false but popular claim that Greek was the original language of the New Testament is already clearly debunked by this one verse only! Remrmber, God has absolute power to cause His Words to be fulfilled to the letter!10. The Apostles Wrote Early Due to the Impeding PerdecutionsLogically piecing all the facts together (and contrary to common teachings), it is believed that before leaving Jerusalem to fulfill Christ’s commission for them to go find the “lost sheep of the House of Israel” (and never to return due to their martyrdom in far-off lands). the apostles and disciples wrote first. This was done shortly after receiving the mighty power of God’s Holy Spirit on the Day of Penecost (and while the facts were still fresh in their minds) and before the Roman persucution began. Those apostles (like Matthew and John) and disciples (like Mark and \\luke) who were gifted in writing and familiar with all the events surrounding Christ’s life wrote their accounts (now called “gospels”). The later letters of John, James, Jude and Peter came shortly thereafter. Paul’s epistles were last. All these accounts and letters were written in their native Hebrew - Aramaic Language while they were still residing in Jerusalem. After all those writings were done, God inspired such original autographs to be duolicated and multiple copies by many of the existing Hebrew Scribes (and priests).in Jerusalem who eventually became zealous converts by then (Acts 6:7; 12:24).11. The Apostles Then Went to Seek the “Lost Sheeo of Israel”Unknown to, or simply ignored by most historians and theologians, those faithful apostles followed Christ’s instructions to them to the letter. in obedience to Christ’s command, they left Jerusalem and. went to find the “lost sheeo of the House of Israel” (Matthew 10:5,6; 15:24) These “lost sheep of Israel” also spoke and understood Hebrew and Aramaic. It was to them (the scattered sheep outside of the Judean fold) (John 19:16) that the Gosepel message and apostolic letters were primarily addressed to first, because being very far fron Judea, they needed comforting messages more, Many centuries later, those original writings (apostolic autographs) were copied and translated into Greek, Latin, and many other languages.NOTE: Appendix 1 explains more detail to be added Commission to the apostled. Appendix 2 details the extent of knowledge about the Gospel then.Leadersip at the Early Jerusalem CongregationExcept for Peter and John (among th original twelve who stayed behund to head the Jerusalem Congregation), assisted by James (Christ’s half brother, though not among the twelve, but was considered a pillar in the faith). (Galatans 1:18,19: 2:19) the rest of the apostles eventually went to seek the “lost sheep of the House of Israel”. While most of the Jerusalem members began to scatter soon after the stoning of Stephen, the apostles still stayed behind (Acts 8:11) Why?Two Important Reasons Why They Still Stayed.From Luke’s account , we can figure out that the apostles waited until after the Jerusalem Conference to be able to help decide on the very important doctrinal issue presented then. Plus, more importantlly, to also finish their apostolic writings and duplications thereof. (Acts 15:2b).more details on the very big topic of “Where Did the Apostles Go?” is detailed in the article written by Dr. Herman Hoch.[NOTE: Appendix 3 details the Territorial Preaching Boundries of the original apostles)12. The Romans Failed to Destroy Those Hebrew -Aramaic WritingsThe Romans actually did a double major campaign to destroy all Hebrew-Aramaic writings. After the massive destruction of Jerusalem and the temple in AD 70, the first massive attempt to try to destroy all Hebrew-Aramaic writings was precipitated by the violent Bar Kokhba Revolt (A.D. 132–135). After the bloody suppression of that revolt, in his anger, Roman emperor Hadrain proclaimed the rooting out of Jewish Nationalism in Judea, which he saw as the cause of the repeated rebellions. He then prohibited Torah law, the Hebrew Calendar, executed Judaic scholars, and the sacred scrolls of Judaism were ceremonially burned. In an attempt to erase ant memory of the name Israel, and in utter contempt he erased and replaced the name Israel, off the map with “Syria Palastine”. (from the original word “Philistine”thr traditional longstanding chief enemy of the Israelites.The second attempt was undertaken during reign of Emperor Dioclet who ruled from A<D>284–305. This was called the Diocletanic persecution *303- 11), described as the empire’s last, largest,bloodiest offical persecution of Christianity .But an wise advanced planner, God is always ahead of men’s evil plan. For example, when Herod planned to kill all the male children in an effort to elimate the Christ-chuld, Joseph was instructed earlier to bring his family to Egypt, and stayed there until Herod was dead.God’s fourfold advanced steps concerning the preservation of the Apostolic writins were:The original apostles wrote their writings before Roman persection began.Many copies of these were made and brought to regions beyond the Roman Empire.These “lost sheep of the House of Israel” preserved those Hebrew -Aramaic writings.These writings staed there until there was a change in the climate of persecutions.These developments explain why the apostolic writings in the Hebrew-Aramaic language escaped even the double massive Roman Campaign to destroy them. Of course, these scattered Israelite tribes were already in long possession of what is called the Old Testament Scriptures (Acts 15:21) And as God’s miraculous back-up plan, most of these Old Testament Scriptures were providentially hidden in earthen jars at the Qumran caves neaar the shores of the Dead Sea, better know as the Dead Sea Scrolls. Indeed, God is never late in doing what needs to be done, and He is never outwitted nby men’s evil plans (Pslam 3:1–5).13 The Roman Empire’s Split Protected the Aramaic WritingsThe major division of the Roman Empire happend during the reign of Constantine the Great. Because the eventual focus shifted on the rivalry between the Western Latin and the Eastern Greek - factions of the empire, the Hebrew - Aramaic writings of the apostles were left undisturbed.sonme notable changes during Emperor Constantine’s reign were:Persecution of Christians evevtually stopped when he adopted Pseudo Christianity.Pseudo - Christianity was made the official state religion of the Roman empire.Pseudo Christianity started to split into the Western and Eastern factions when Constantine divided Rome into Western and Eastern Empires starting in A>D 330.According to bibkical scholar Henry H. Halley, this great division was finally cemented by A.D 395 when Rome officially adopted the Latin language for the Western Empire versus Constantinople (named after Constantine instead of its old name Byzantium) when it also adopted Greek as the official language for the Eastern Empire (“church History,” Halley’s Bible Handbook, H.H. Halley, Zondervan, p. 795)This (about 1,600 years) old political and religious divide exists until today between the Ronan Catholic Church of the West, and the Greek Orthodox Churcn of the East. This rivalry actually focuses more highly on the language competition between Latin and Greek.NOTE: This great competition to become the first and more dominate beteen the Western Latin Church and the Eastern Greek Church explains why the Latin Vulgate was the first to be printed by Johannaes Getenberg in the early 1500’s compared to the still conflicting Greek manuscripts which appeared very much later, surprisingly still called after Latin names! (Sources Wikipedia Moveable Type).14. Dsturbing Conflicts Among Existing Greek ManscriptsThis is not to say that the Latin version has no problem. But when the Greek translated manuscripts evevntually appeared, none of them agreed with eac other! WHY?first very obviously, they were NOT translated from one original sourcedocument, but from various corrupted copies1Secondly, all these Greek manuscripts had surprisingly Latin names! this fact alone clearly goes against what the apostle Paul stated as the strong marker for originality where he wrote thw “oracles” (words( of God were committed to the Jews” - not to the Latin Romans nor even to the Greeks (Romans 3:1–2)Thirdly, consider the places where these Greek manuscripts were found. They all had a long=standing history of Anti-Semitism (hatred against the Hebrew people). The following are the present popular versions called”Codex”, and namrd after the places where they were fond:Codex Alexandrinus (found in Alexandria, Egypr).Codex Sinaiticus (found in Arab Terrority )Codex Vaticanus (found in Rome)We have one more version, whih was the basis of the KJB Version - the Texitus Receptus (Received Text or majority text).Westcott and Hort on the Textus ReceptusWhie most Christians became well-settled with the King James Version, the New Testamentportion of which was translated from the Greek Textus Receptus, to noted theologians rocked the boat of stability when they pioneered a new study called Textual Criticism, which requestioned all assunptions and ventured to revise even the Textus Receptus Greek translation!These two controversial figures were Wescott and Hort, who in 1881, published theit own New Testament in the original Greek (coded:: WH). In their work, these two scholars instead favoured the Vatican and Sinaiticus manuscripts combined with Codex Bazae plus the Old Latin and the Old Syriac texts. But surprisingly and disturbingly, a newer version, the Nestle - Aland (Coded : NU) contain 558 differences from the WH text. So, which version is now to be belived?The Resulting Babel of Philosophies on Bible Translationtoday, we have a plethora of comprting snd sdmewhat disagreeing Bible translations. On this regard, it is importsnt to know the reasons Why such translations were made. For an exhaustive commentary on this Babel-like phenomenon, their background and an evaluation of each translation, you may want to read the PDFversion of a 281 page book “Modern Bible Translations Unmasked”.16. Anti-Semitism Clouded Bible Translation AccuracyThe Re-Arrangement of the Books in the New Testament. Most honest Bible Scholars know this fact. And frankly, Anti-Semitism and Antinomianism are two of the hidden agenda why this re-arrangement was made. Please note that after the Gospel accounts, the writings of the original apostles (who were actually called first) should follow the Book of Acts tather than being placed last )1 Corinthians 15:8,9). Did not the Bible say, “to the Jews first and then to the Greeks/Gentiles (or “Arameans” AENT, HRB)”? (Romans 1:16; 2:10) . In effect, God also offered salvation to the Jews first, not to the Gentiles (or Greeks) (John 4:19–22).NOTE: AENT - Aramaic English New Testament, HRB- Hebrew Roots Bible)2. Ignoring the original Language of the Gospel AccountsAnother sign of Anti-Semitism is ignoring, denying, and changing the original language of the Gospel accounts. Below is an authoritative testimony..“The materal of our four Gospels is all Israeli and the language in which it was originally written is Aramaic, then the principal language of the land.”Quoted from our Translated Gospels, p.ix (1936) by Dr. Charles Cutler Torrey (one of the most capable Peshitta Scolars) AENT, p. 723.More details on New Testament Anti-Semitism, now it developed and who mainly caused it is described in greater detail in the Appendix section , page 915 of the AENT.Since All Greek Manuscripts Do Not Agree With One Another, What Then Was the Correct Original Manuscript Versions?17. There’s Proof that the Hebrew-Aramaic Language was the OriginalThe Khabouris Codex is the oldest Peshitta Aramaic text availablr. it is not a translation, but the language Christ spoke in His day (NOTE: Peshitta simply means common, plain, simple, or straightforward).NOTE: When the Kharbouris Codex was found, the news article “US Library Gets an Ancient Bible” appeared in the New York Times on March 26, 1955 reporting on the oldest known New Testament Bible written in :the language used by Christ.” The article says that it was taken to the White House where then - President Dwight Eisenhower viewed it, together with the then - Secretary of State John Foster Dulles. It was escorted via police motorcade and armed guards, along with much pomp to the Library of Congress. This. Codex was said to have been insured for “an hour and a half” in the amount of $1,500,000 US Dollars. This copy stayed in the Library of Confress until 24 June 1986, when it was transferred to the Western Theological Seminary in Holland, Michigan, where it remains to this day.Andrew Gabriel Roth, noted historian scholar, and authority on Hebrew and Aramaic languages, stated in part the introduction to the Aramaic English New Testament, (AENT).“It is common knowledge that Y’shua (Christ) and his original followers spoke Hebrew and Aramaic , but up until now the vast majority of Bible students have only had access to translations and versions of Greek text.”NOTE: Andrew Gabriel Rorth has access and studied the most ancient Aranaic text (in Hebrew letters) which were derived from the Khabouris Codex, one of 300 manuscripts that make up the Eastern Peskitta family. He said that present Aramaic English translation of the volume is as literal as possible to the Aramaic and including many footnotes that address significant differences between the earliest Aramaic and Greek versions. The AENT is the most definitive English New Testament translation in nearly two thousand years.Background Information on the Aramaic TextAuthenticity : Age: The AENT website says “The Khabouris Manyscript is a copy of a second century New Testament which was written in approximately 165 A.D.(intrnally documented as 100 years after the great persecution of the Christians by Nero). Carbon dating has found this copy of the New Testament to be approximately 1,000 years old. Given its origins, this would make a copy of the oldest known New Testament manuscipt”Resources: 1. Unpublished writings of Abbott Gerrit Crawford, Ph.D, MSJ, Western = Rite Syrian Orthodox Church in America; 2). Fr. Michael Ryce.N. D., D.C.P.” Additional testimony is in http//hebrewnewtestament.com/khabiuris,ltm,Now, here is Irrefutable Internal Evidence on the Hebrew-Aramaic as the Original Language in the New Testament:18. Nanes of Places in Israel Were in Hebrew-AramaicJohn 1:28 - Bethnay (Beth-Anya or Bethabare). The word “Beth” is simply the Hebrew word for “house”. There are over 50 geographic places starting with “Beth” Israel, which clearly shows that the language of the whole nation has always been Hebrew.John 19:13 - Gannatha (Griptha) *Hebrew and Aramaic for judgement Seator pavement)John 19:17 - Golgotha (Gagultha) (Aramaic word for place of the skull).Acts 1:19 AKel Dama (“Khagel-Dema” in the Aramaic word /phrase for “field of blood”)Historical Events were in the Hebrew -Aramaic LanguageJohn 18:20 - sign on the stake was written in Hebrew, Greek, LatinJohn 20:16 - Mary Magdalene exclaimed: “Rabboni” (Aramaic for Great Teacher)Acts 21:40 - Paul spoke in Hebrew to the accusing Jerusalem crowd.Acts 22:2- Crowd became very quite when Paul began to speak in Hebrew.20. Internal Eidence of Aramaic Names, Phrases, and IdiomsThe following words and phrases simply do NOT occur in the Greek language at all, and thus needed to be explained usin another language by the use of parenthesis to be understood:Abba (Aramaic for Father, Daddy) (Mark 14:36; Romans 8:15; Galatians 4:6).Bar Yone (Bar Jonah, Aramaic for son of Jonah. (Matthew 16:17)Benai Regesh (Boanerges, Aramaic for sons of thunder) (Mark 3:17)Cephas (Aramaic “Keefer” meaning “stone” (John 1:42; 1. Corinthians 1;12 etc)Kurbuno (Corban Aramaic meaning an offering for God) (Mark 7:11).Momuno (mommom, Aramaic meaning riches)(Matthew 6:24)Moron etha (Maranatha, Aramaic for our Lord comes soon) (1 Corinthians 16:23)Nathan a el (Aramaic for God gave) IJohn 1:47)Raca (Aramaic “rega” meaning empty-headed, fool) (Matthew 5:22)Tabitha (or Dorcas, Aramaic for gazella)(Acts 9:36)Talithocumi (Aramaic for “little girl,” I say to you, arise) (Mark 5:41)21. Christ spoke in Aramaic in His last moments of Agony.The final clincher PROOF was when Christ Himself was on the stake,. Near His last moments of agony, Christ spoke in the Aramaic dialect of Hebrew when He said “Eloi, Eloi, Lama Sabachthani” (Matthew 27:46; Mark 15:34)NOTE: The original native speech of any man normally comes out at the moment of the most extreme crises - where. all pretenses are cast aside. Here Christ clearly spoke in Aramaic!22. The Voice From Heaven Still Spoke to Saul/Paul in Hebrew!Many years later, when the still unconcerted Saul/Paul was travelling with campanions yo Damascus to imprison believers there, at noonday, he was struck bt a brilliant light, which blinded him, and threw him and his companions to the ground. And he heard a voice from heaven calling his name and which spoke to him with many instructions in the Hebrew language. (Acts 26:14).23. Clues : The Rest of the New Testament Had Aramaic Originals.“The writers of the New Covenant first made known the heavenly wrds to the Jews…in they tongue, and afterward in the Greek language, but in doing so retained everywhere a flavour of Syriac (Aramaic).AENT, p.725The “codeword” (password) of. Paul is the Aramaic and Moran etho” (Maran Athe), not only to authenticate his authorshipwith sufficient prooof that the speech of the first-century believers was then predominantly Aramaic (Prof. Neubuer, p.54).AENT, p. 725.Other Clues:Use of “Abba” to the Gentile congregation in Rome (Romans 3:15)Use of “Abba” to the Gentile congregation in Galatia (Galatians 4:6).Use of “Maranatha” to the Genile congregation in Corinth (1 Corinthians 16:22)Mention of observing (Kosher) “food or drink, festival, new moon, or Sabbath” among the Gentile congregation of Colossae is proof that these people. were not. only familiar with understanding the Hebrew Scriptures bu were actually practicing these biblical (Hebrew) customs even during the “New Testament” period, and still being encouraged by Paul (Colossians 2:16).Use of the equivalent of “Maranathe” (“ even so, came Yahshua Yahweh (HRB”) as previously addressed to the Seven Churches in Asia Minor (Revelation chapters 2 and 3 and in Revelation 22:20) is also proof that they understood Hebrew-Aramaic.Likewise, as another proof, Luke clearly tells us that Moses (the Torah or the Hebrew Scriptures)was being read every Sabbath in all synagogues in every city for a long time prior to, and even during the first century A.D. (Acts 15:21)24 Mistranslated Accounts Based on the Greek text But correct in the Aramaic original.Camel thru the eye of a Needle?The Aramaic word “Gamala” refers to a “heavy rope” rather than a “camel” which is both spelled : gimel-meem-lamed-alep. Greek scholars puzzeled. over this physical impossibility! The “heavy rope” lesson teaches the metaphorical need to “unravel” one’s fortune strand by strand first before one is able to enter Gog’s kingdom. (Matthew 24:19; Mark10:25; Luke 18:25).Did Simon the “Leper” Host a Party at His Hme?Matthew 26:5–7 talks about “Simon the Leper” hosting Christ together with many visitors for a meal at his home, where a woman also anoints Chist with a very expensive oil (perfume). This is an impossible scenario because in Christ’s day, lepers are outcasts from society (Leviticus 13:45–50). The simple solution to this puzzel is again a Greek misreading of the Aramaic word spelled : gimel-resh-beyt-alaph (GRBA). Since Hebrew and Aramaic have no vowels, it can be pronounced both as “gar-bah” which means “leper” or “gar-ah-bah” which means “jar maker”. Obviously, this Simon was a successful “jar maker” “rather than an outcast “leper”.23. There are More Examples of such Greek Textual Problems.The 424 page book “Was the New Testament Really Written In Greek?” written by Raphael Lataster compiles at least 152 specific discrepancies between the original Aramaic and the Greek text! You may access the website at http://www.aramaicpeshitta.com.There are also many other eminent Peshitta Aramaic Scholars. Among some noted ones are Dr. George Lamsa, Dr.Rocco Evrico, Dr. James Trimm, Glen David Bauscher, Don Espoito, Andrew Gabriel Roth, Paul David Younan, Rob Vanhoff plus many other unnamed ones.Summary of the EvidenceLet us be reminded that:The original apostles took Christ’s instrctions serioously, including going to the “Lost Sheep of the House of Israel”(Matthew 10:6). Christ mentioned about having “other sheep” which means not of that (Judean) fold then but will listen to His voice (John 10:16) to them, the apostles brought Christ’s message in their own Hebrew-Aramaic language to their distant lands.ALL the New Testament writers were Hebrew by blood, language and culture, They went to their own fellow Hebrew-Aramaic speaking peoples, like Luke was actually a Semitic greek, who long adopted the Hebrew way of life, and was also deeply converted. Otherwise, God would not have used him in such very special and powerful roles. His life was always associated with the Hebrew apostles and has been a consistent travelling companion of the apostles, especiallt Paul. Thus all the New Testament writers wrote in Hebrew-Aramaic.The original New Testament recipients of the writings were Hebrew God-fearers even if they dwelt in various far uff nations of the known world then (Acts 2:5–11). Therefore, why woukd a Hebrew, writing to another Hebrew write in a completely foreign language? Since such is definitely illogical, the writings were obviously in the Hebrew Aramaic language.The original believers of (God-fearing) from nations in the know world then often visited Jerusalem which means they were familiar with the Hebrew-Aramaic language in that city. One special incident recordrd by the gospel writer -historian Luke was on the Day of Pentecost when there was nuch more than a dozen nations and language groups gathered in Jerusalem (Acts 2:5–11)The Epistle of Paul were also addressed and sent to the original cre of early belivers wg=ho were of Hebrew background, and therefore he wrote to them in their native Hebrew -Aramaic language, Paul’s letters were centuries later translatef into Greek for the later generations, and for the restof the world.Internal evidence shows that the preponderance of original Aramaic names of person, places, phrases, and idioms needed to be interpreted into the Greek language. This clearly shows that Greek was NOT the original language used then.Comparing the Aramaic text with the Greek translation, the Aramaic is more accurate. Example : “Camel through the eye of a needle” and “Simon the leper, “ etc.ConclusionWe have just conclusively shown through this long article and its various links that indeed, the original language used in the New Testament was Hebrew-Aramaic as evidenced by many historial documents, plus numerous pieces of internal biblical evidence.Therefore, the popular belief commonly taught that Gteek was the original language of the New Testament is shown to be completely WITHOUT any basis or evidence whaysoever!Appendix 1.One Added Commission (Matthew 28:19, 20)“Go and make diciples of all nations, teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you (plus a promise…)NOTE: The “making” and “teaching” of disciples in all nations, was obviously only their writings as we can see now. It was simply impossible for all of them )with each facing impending martyrdom, to physically go into all nations on earth (when not even all nations were formed yet). The word “even” is added, and the word “age” is substituted by the translators .COMMENT: The “formula” for baptizing in the name of the ‘trinity” is a spurious (fake) addition invented by the Roman Catholic Chuech and inserted only toward the end of the secon century. For full docunentation of this fact, citing more than 50 pieces of historical evidence , please read the article on this website Has the Bible Been Tampered to Support a Certain Doctrine?Appendix 2Christ’s Life, Death, and Resurrection were Known in Judea.Concerning the Life, Death and Resurrection of Christ, the people oj Jerusalem and Judea were already familiar with those events, concerning events surrounding Christ’s birth, it was “widely known abroad” (Luke 2:17 KJV). Also, the events surrounding His miraculous deeds , His crucifixion, death, and resurrection became the talk of the town in Jerusalem when they happened, even as commented upon by a relative/diciple of Christ, naned Cleopas. (Luke 14:14,18).Detailed Focus on Those Significant Events.Consider these surprising facts: When Christ was born in the middle of the night, as commanded by the angels, the angels, the shepherds had to go virtually from door to door inquiring for a baby that was born in a manger? (Luke 2:12). And when He resurrected long-dead saints miraculously arrived at many g]homes in Jerusalem, causing great unbelivable wonder to find out the main course of this unusal event in the whole city that day. (Matthew 27:52,53)!Likewise, the coming of the Holy Spirit on the Day of Pentecost caused “devout men from every nation under heaven” dwelling in Jerusalem that day to spread the news far and wide (“noised abroad”) about the day’s event. (Acts 2: 5, 6 KJV).Known Even to te Top Roman AuthoritiesWven the highest level of the Roman government at that time, Paul mentioned that King Agrippa was an expert in all customs and questins which have to do wt the Jews” (Acts 26:3). Considering the efficent intelligence - gathering-arm of the Roman goernment, Paul further stated before (King Agrippa saying, “I am convinced that none of these things escapes his (King Agrippa’s) attention, sinxe this thing was not done in a corner” and that Paul is somehow convinced that the King believes the prophets (Acts 26:26,27).Appendix 3Where Did the Israelite Tribes Go?The clue is Revealed in the Letters of Peter and James:James addressed his general letter “to the twelve tribes scattered abroad” (James 1:1).Peter’s apostolic letter reveals where the “lost tribe of Israel” were locatef:“Peter an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the pilgrims of the Dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bitthynia,” (1 Peter 1:1)If you look at most Bible maps, these regions are in the northern part of what is know as Asia Mnor, located at the Southern shores of the Black Sea. That geograpgical area is now part of modern -day Turkey.Peter also greeted the scattered Jews left or those who preferred to remain) in Babylon who also spoke the Hebrew and Aramaic language (1 Peter 5:12–14).But Paul Preached Only in Southern GalatiaNOTE: Please knoew that there are two “Galatia” mentioned: the nothern and the southern. Paul preached in Southern Galatia area only in the cities of Icumium, Lystra, and Derbe (Acts 14)Paul’s three missionary journeys did not include those Northern region of Asia Minor. In fact, there was one attempt of Paul to visit Mysia (in the northern region), but the Holy Spirit prevented him (Acts 16: 7,8). Why?Administratively, God designated the original apostles to concentrate on the “lost sheep of the House of Israel” (located in the northern regins). while apostle Paul ‘s focus was on the Gentile lands (located in southern region) (Galatins 2:9. In his letter to the Romans , Paul said he was careful not to work in Israelite territory (Romans 15:20)NOTE: Peter’s letter included the descripitive word ‘pilgrim’ which meand those Israelite tribes were strangers in those lands where they settled in (as Abraham was also a stranger in the land of Canaan). Further, Peter also used the descriptive word ‘Dispersion’ which means those Israelite tribes werethose previously uprooted from their native land of Israel by the Neo-Assyrians conquest many centuries earlier (2 Kings 17:23b).The phenomenon exactly fulfils the prophecy of Balaam where the tribes of Israel continued to reain as ‘sttangers and pilgrims’ in the lands where they went to occupy when he said:“From thr rocky peaks I see them, from the heights I view them. I see a people who live apart and do not consider themselves one of them one of the nation. Numbers 23:9 NIV.More details on thi big topic are obtained in this article, “Where Did the Twelve Apostles Go? by Dr. Hermann L. Hoeh.Added reference to the above article. As my New Testament was written in **Aramaic** and not **Greek ** my New Testament is the AENT; this article gives reference as to the 25 Irrefutable Reasons Why the New Testament Was NOT Originally Written in Greek | Biblical Truths (25 Irrefutable Reasons Why the New Testament Was NOT Originally Written in Greek | Biblical Truths) Edmond Macaraeg, Author at Biblical Truths (Edmond Macaraeg, Author at Biblical Truths) BY EDMOND MACARAEG (Edmond Macaraeg, Author at Biblical Truths)ON APRIL 15, 2019 (25 Irrefutable Reasons Why the New Testament Was NOT Originally Written in Greek | Biblical Truths)***This is a very shocking article that goes contrary to what is commonly taught and popularly believed in this modern Christian world. ***But before making a prematurely negative judgment, please lay aside first any bias and prejudice, and open-mindedly examine the **FACTS**that will be presented here in a logical and objective manner — backed-up by overwhelming **solid evidence,**** **both **external** and **internal**.In this regard, let us wisely and patiently apply the advice of King Solomon when he said:“He who answers a matter before he hears it, it is folly and shame to him.”~Proverbs 18:13Not only that, but most may have already been influenced — sadly and unwittingly — by the strong effect of the statement: “A lie repeated often enough is eventually believed as true.” Whether factual or not, this quote is commonly attributed to Adolf Hitler’s propagandist, Joseph Goebbels.NOTE: Unless you have already read it, please READ FIRST the fully documented article on this website as a suggested primer: “The Amazing Hebrew Language History Since Eden.” This will give you a solid understanding of the God-inspired history of the Semitic languages.Here now are the 25 Solid Facts Proving that Greek Cannot Be the Original New Testament Language:1. God’s Nature and Character Is ConsistentGod talked to Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden in what later became known as the Hebrew language. God used this language to speak to all the Israelites at Mt. Sinai. It’s the language in which the Ten Commandments were written by God’s own finger. It’s also the language He used to speak to all the patriarchs and prophets. He even had the Old Testament written primarily in this language. Is it now logical to believe that God (for no apparent reason) suddenly changed His mind(Malachi 3:6) and surprisingly began to use Greek — a completely foreign language — to write the New Testament? Such absurd thinking presents lots of problematic difficulties.2. Josephus Disdained the Greek LanguageJosephus [Hebrew name: Yosef ben Matityahu (A.D. 37-100)], the first-century Jewish priest-historian, reflects the common negative attitude of the Jews toward the Greeks when he said:I have also taken a great deal of pains to obtain the learning of the Greeks, and understand the elements of the Greek language … [yet] I cannot pronounce Greek with sufficient exactness; for our nation does NOT encourage those that learn the languages of many nations … because they [the Jews] look upon this sort of accomplishment as common [very lowly] … But they give him the testimony of being a wise man who is fully acquainted with our [Jewish] laws … [in contrast] as there have been many who have done their endeavors with great patience to obtain this [Greek] learning, there have yet hardly been so many as two or three that have succeeded therein, who were immediately well rewarded for their pains (emphases mine).~Antiquities of the Jews, XX, XI3. Jews Had an Aversion Toward the GreeksThe great Jewish aversion toward the Greeks (especially on religious matters) is reflected and recorded by the gospel writer and historian Luke in that violent incident where an angry Jewish mob developed upon the false report that Paul brought Greeks with him in his temple worship during his last visit to Jerusalem (Acts 21:27-29). This led to Paul’s arrest and imprisonment.4. Hebrew-Aramaic Was Actually the Common Language in First-Century JudeaAll honest historians agree that Christ and his disciples commonly spoke in Aramaic [a sister dialect to Hebrew], which was also the common language in all Judea and surrounding regions in the first century. Sadly, popular Christian teaching deceitfully wants us to believe that Greek was their common language, which is also the false reasongiven to support the erroneous belief that Greek was the original language of the New Testament.5. Aramaic Was Christ’s Native LanguageTwo relatively recent movies — in consultation with noted top historians to precisely re-create the original scenario in Jerusalem at the time of Christ on earth — used Aramaic in their movie dialogue. The two stated Christian films were “The Passion of the Christ” and “Risen.”6. Hebrew-Aramaic Was Also the Native Language of All Christ’s DisciplesAll of Christ’s disciples were Hebrews who also spoke Aramaic. Their primary audience were also Hebrews who also spoke Aramaic. And we’ve already seen that the native language of Yahshua (Jesus) was Aramaic. It is absolutely illogical and unreasonable for them to suddenly write to their fellow Hebrew audience in a foreign hated language (Greek)! It’s like a true-blooded American writing to a large American audience using the Russian language!7. Christ’s Disciples Were NotKnowledgeable in GreekLet us remember that even the top four most-often named disciples [Peter, Andrew, James, and John] were plain fishermen and were derisively derided by the Sanhedrin as “uneducated and untrained men” (Acts 4:13). HOW then can such ignorant men write in Greek? Impossible!8. There Is No Evidence That the Disciples Ever Studied GreekThere is absolutely no record or evidence that the disciples (even after Christ’s resurrection) ever ventured to find a school or a tutor to study Greek. If ever they did study first, HOW could they fulfill Christ’s commission to go and preach? And since both the Jewish and Roman persecutions came early, they obviously would have already been dead before they were able to learn Greek.9. The “Oracles” (or Words) of God Were Committed to the JewsThe apostle Paul says that “the oracles [words, NIV] of God were committed to the JEWS” — NOT to the Latin-speaking Romans,and also NOT to the Greeks (Romans 3:1,2). Sadly, this biblical factis hidden or ignored by some historians and theologians in an effort to rewrite history. This false but popular claim that Greek was the original language of the New Testament is already clearly debunked by this one verse alone! Remember, God has absolute power to cause His words to be fulfilled to the letter!10. The Apostles Wrote Early Due to the Impending PersecutionsLogically piecing all the facts together (and contrary to common teachings), it is believed that before leaving Jerusalem to fulfill Christ’s commission for them to go find the “lost sheep of the House of Israel” (and never to return due to their martyrdom in far-off lands), the apostles and disciples wrote first. This was done shortly after receiving the mighty power of God’s Holy Spirit on the Day of Pentecost [and while the facts were still fresh in their minds] and before the Roman persecutions began. Those apostles (like Matthew and John) and disciples (like Mark and Luke) who were gifted in writing and familiar with all the events surrounding Christ’s life wrote their accounts (now called “gospels”). The later letters of John, James, Jude, and Peter came shortly thereafter. Paul’s epistles were last. All these accounts and letters were written in their native Hebrew-Aramaic language while they were still residing in Jerusalem. After all those writings were done, God inspired such original autographs to be duplicated in multiple copies by many of the existing Hebrew Scribes (and priests) in Jerusalem who eventually became zealous converts by then (Acts 6:7; 12:24).11. The Apostles Then Went to Seek the “Lost Sheep Of Israel”Unknown to, or simply ignored by most historians and theologians, those faithful apostles followed Christ’s instructions to them to the letter. In obedience to Christ’s command, they left Jerusalem and went to find the “lost sheep of the house of Israel” (Matthew 10:5,6; 15:24). These “lost sheep of the house of Israel” also spoke and understood Hebrew and Aramaic. It was to them [the scattered sheep outside of the Judean fold] (John 10:16) that the Gospel message and apostolic letters were primarily addressed to first, because being very far from Judea, they needed these comforting messages more. Many centuries later, those original writings (apostolic autographs) were copied and translated into Greek, Latin, and many other languages.[NOTE: Appendix 1 explains more details to an added Commission to the apostles. Appendix 2 details the extent of knowledge about the Gospel message then.]Leadership at the Early Jerusalem CongregationExcept for Peter and John [among the original twelve who stayed behind to head the Jerusalem congregation], assisted by James [Christ’s half-brother, though not among the twelve, but was considered a pillar in the faith] (Galatians 1:18,19; 2:9), the rest of the apostles eventually went to seek the “lost sheep of the house of Israel.” While most of the Jerusalem members began to scatter soon after the stoning of Stephen, the apostles still stayed behind (Acts 8:1). Why?Two Important Reasons Why They Still StayedFrom Luke’s account, we can figure out that the apostles waited until after the Jerusalem Conference to be able to help decide on the very important doctrinal issues presented then. Plus, more importantly, to also finish their apostolic writings and duplications thereof (Acts 15:2b).More details on the very big topic of “Where Did the Twelve Apostles Go?” is detailed in the article written by Dr. Herman L. Hoeh.[NOTE: Appendix 3 details the Territorial Preaching Boundaries of the original apostles.]12. The Romans Failed to Destroy Those Hebrew-Aramaic WritingsThe Romans actually did a double major campaign to destroy all Hebrew writings. After the massive destruction of Jerusalem and the temple in A.D. 70, the first massive attempt to destroy all Hebrew writings was precipitated by the violent Bar Kokhba Revolt (A.D. 132-135). After the bloody suppression of that revolt, in his anger, Roman Emperor Hadrianproclaimed the rooting out of Jewish nationalism in Judea, which he saw as the cause of the repeated rebellions. He then prohibited Torahlaw, the Hebrew calendar, executed Judaic scholars, and the sacred scrolls of Judaism were ceremonially burned. In an attempt to erase any memory of the name Israel, and in utter contempt, he erased and replaced the name Israel off the map with “Syria Palaestina” (from the original word “Philistine,” the traditional long-standing chief enemy of the Israelites).The second attempt was undertaken during the reign of Emperor Diocletian who ruled from A.D. 284-305. This was called the Diocletanic Persecution (303–11), described as the empire’s last, largest, and bloodiest official persecution of Christianity.But as a wise advanced planner, God is always ahead of man’s evil plans. For example, when Herod planned to kill all the male children in an effort to eliminate the Christ-child, Joseph was instructed earlier to bring his family to Egypt and stayed there until Herod was dead.God’s four-fold advanced steps concerning the preservation of the Apostolic Writings were:The original apostles wrote their writings before the Roman persecutions began.Many copies of these were made and brought to regions beyond the Roman Empire.These “lost sheep of the house of Israel” preserved those Hebrew-Aramaic writings.Those writings stayed there until there was a change in the climate of persecutions.These developments explain why the apostolic writings in the Hebrew-Aramaic language escaped even the double massive Roman Campaigns to destroy them. Of course, these scattered Israelite tribes were already in long possession of what is called the Old Testament Scriptures, being read by them every Sabbath (Acts 15:21). And as God’s miraculous back-up plan, most of these Old Testament Scriptures were providentially hidden in earthen jars at the Qumran caves near the shores of the Dead Sea, better known as the Dead Sea Scrolls. Indeed, God is never late in doing what needs to be done, and He is neveroutwitted by man’s evil plans (Psalms 2:1-5).13. The Roman Empire’s Split Protected the Aramaic WritingsThis major division of the Roman Empire happened during the reign of Constantine the Great. Because the eventual focus shifted on the rivalrybetween the Western Latin and the Eastern Greek factions of the empire, the Hebrew-Aramaic writings of the apostles were left undisturbed.Some notable changes during Emperor Constantine’s reign were:Persecution of Christians eventually stopped when he adopted Pseudo Christianity.Pseudo Christianity was made the official state religion of the Roman Empire.Pseudo Christianity started to split into the Western and Eastern factions when Constantine divided Rome into the Western and Eastern Empires starting in A.D. 330.According to biblical scholar Henry H. Halley, this great division was finally cemented by A.D. 395 when Rome officially adopted the Latinlanguage for the Western Empire versus Constantinople (named after Constantine instead of its old name Byzantium) when it also adopted Greek as the official language for the Eastern empire (“Church History,” Halley’s Bible Handbook, H.H. Halley, Zondervan, p. 795).This (about 1,600 years) old political and religious divide exists until today between the Roman Catholic Church of the West, and the Greek Orthodox Church of the East. This rivalry actually focuses more highly on the language competition between Latin versus Greek!NOTE: This great competition to become the first and more dominant between the Western Latin Church and the Eastern Greek Church explains why the Latin Vulgate was the first to be printed by Johannes Gutenberg in the early 1500s, compared to the still conflicting Greek manuscripts which appeared very much later, but surprisingly still called after Latin names! (Source: Wikipedia: Movable Type)14. Disturbing Conflicts Among Existing Greek ManuscriptsThis is not to say that the Latin version has no problems. But when the Greek translated manuscripts eventually appeared, none of them agreed with each other! WHY?First, very obviously, they were NOT translated from one original source document, but from various corrupted copies!Secondly, all these Greek manuscripts had surprisingly Latin names! This fact alone clearly goes against what the apostle Paul stated as the strong marker for originality where he wrote that the “oracles [words] of God were committed to the Jews”—not to the Latin Romans nor even to the Greeks (Romans 3:1,2).Thirdly, consider the places where these Greek manuscripts were found. They all had a long-standing history of Anti-Semitism (hatred against the Hebrew people). The following are the present popular versions called “Codex,” and named after the places where they were found:Codex Alexandrinus (found in Alexandria, Egypt)Codex Sinaiticus (found in Arab territory)Codex Vaticanus (found in Rome)We have one more version, which was the basis for the King James Bible version — the Textus Receptus (Received Text or Majority Text).Wescott and Hort on the Textus ReceptusWhile most Christians became well-settled with the King James Version, the New Testament portion of which was translated from the Greek Textus Receptus, two noted theologians rocked this boat of stability when they pioneered a new study called Textual Criticism, which questioned all assumptions and ventured to revise even the Textus Receptus Greek translation!These two controversial figures were Wescott and Hort, who in 1881 published their own New Testament in the Original Greek (coded: WH). In their work, these two scholars instead favored the Vaticanus and Sinaiticus manuscripts combined with Codex Bezae plus the Old Latinand the Old Syriac texts. But surprisingly and disturbingly, a newer version, the Nestle-Aland (coded: NU) contains 558 differences from the WH text! So, which version is now to be believed?15. The Resulting Babel of Philosophies on Bible TranslationsToday, we have a plethora of competing and somewhat disagreeing Bible translations. On this regard, it is important to know the reasons whysuch translations were made. For an exhaustive commentary on this Babel-like phenomenon, their background, and an evaluation of each translation, you may want to read the PDF version of a 281-page book, “Modern Bible Translations Unmasked.”16. Anti-Semitism Clouded Bible Translation Accuracy1. The Re-Arrangement of the Books in the New TestamentMost honest Bible scholars know this fact. And frankly, Anti-Semitismand Antinomianism are two of the hidden agenda why this rearrangement was made. Please note that after the Gospel accounts, the writings of the original apostles (who were actually called first) should follow the Book of Acts rather than being placed last. Paul’s letters should be placed last (1 Corinthians 15:8, 9). Did not the Bible say, “to the Jew first and then to the Greeks/Gentiles [or “Arameans” AENT, HRB]”? (Romans 1:16; 2:10). In effect, God also offered salvation to the Jews first, not to Gentiles [or Greeks] (John 4:19-22).[NOTE: AENT = Aramaic English New Testament; HRB = Hebrew Roots Bible]2. Ignoring the Original Language of the Gospel AccountsAnother sign of Anti-Semitism is ignoring, denying, and changing the original language of the Gospel accounts. Below is an authoritative testimony:The material of our four Gospels is all Israeli and the language in which it was originally written is Aramaic, then the principal language of the land.~Quoted from Our Translated Gospels, p. ix (1936) by Dr. Charles Cutler Torrey (one of the most capable Peshitta scholars), AENT, p.723More details on New Testament Anti-Semitism, howit developed and who mainly caused it is described in greater detail in the Appendix section, page 915, of the AENT.Since All the Greek Manuscripts Do Not Agree With One Another, What Then Was the Correct Original Manuscript Version?17. There’s Proof that the Hebrew-Aramaic Language Was the OriginalThe Khabouris Codex is the oldest Peshitta Aramaic text available. It is not a translation, but the language Christ spoke in His day [NOTE:Peshitta simply means common, plain, simple, or straightforward].NOTE: When the Khabouris Codex was found, the news article “US Library Gets an Ancient Bible” appeared in the New York Timeson March 26, 1955 reporting on the oldest known New Testament Bible written in “the language used by Christ.” The article says that it was taken to the White House where then-President Dwight Eisenhower viewed it, together with then-Secretary of State John Foster Dulles. It was escorted via police motorcade and armed guards, along with much pomp to the Library of Congress. This Codex was said to have been insured for “an hour and a half” in the amount of $1,500,000 US dollars. This copy stayed in the Library of Congress until 24 June 1986, when it was transferred to the Western Theological Seminary in Holland, Michigan, where it remains to this day.Andrew Gabriel Roth, noted historian, scholar, and authority on Hebrew and Aramaic languages, stated in part in the Introduction to the Aramaic English New Testament (AENT):It is common knowledge that Y’shua (Christ) and his original followers spoke Hebrew and Aramaic, but up until now the vast majority of Bible students have only had access to translations and versions of Greek texts.NOTE: Andrew Gabriel Roth has access and studied the most ancient Aramaic text (in Hebrew letters) which were derived from the Khabouris Codex, one of 360 manuscripts that make up the Eastern Peshitta family. He said that the present Aramaic English translation of the volume is as literal as possible to the Aramaic and includes many footnotes that address significant differences between the earliest Aramaic and Greek versions. This Aramaic English New Testament is the most definitive English New Testament translation in nearly two thousand years.Background Information on the Aramaic TextAuthenticity: The article from the New York Times, March 1955 issue says: “Scholars had examined the manuscript for the Library of Congress and pronounced it authentic.”Age: The AENT website says “The Khabouris Manuscript is a copy of a Second Century New Testament, which was written in approximately 165 AD (internally documented as 100 years after the great persecution of the Christians by Nero, in 65 AD). Carbon dating has found this copy of the New Testament to be approximately 1,000 years old. Given its origins, this would make it a copy of the oldest known New Testament manuscript.”Resources: 1) Unpublished writings of Abbott Gerrit Crawford, Ph.D., MSJ, Western-Rite Syrian Orthodox Church in America; 2) Fr. Michael Ryce, N.D., D.C.P.” Additional testimony is in Hebrew New Testament Kabouris codexNow, here is Irrefutable Internal Evidence on the Hebrew-Aramaic as the Original Language in the New Testament:18. Names of Places in Israel Were in Hebrew-AramaicJohn 1:28 — Bethany (Beth-Anya or Bethabara). The word “Beth” is simply the Hebrew word for “house…” There are over 50 geographic places starting with “Beth” in Israel, which clearly shows that the language of the whole nation has always been Hebrew.John 19:13 — Gabbatha [Griptha] (Hebrew and Aramaic for judgment seat or pavement)John 19:17 — Golgotha [Gagultha] (Aramaic word for the place of the skull)Acts 1:19 — Akel Dama (“Khagel-Dema” is the Aramaicword/phrase for “field of blood”)19. Historical Events Were in the Hebrew-Aramaic LanguageJohn 19:20 — Sign on the stake was written in Hebrew, Greek, Latin)John 20:16 — Mary Magdalene exclaimed: “Rabboni” (Aramaicfor Great Teacher)Acts 21:40 — Paul spoke in Hebrew to the accusing Jerusalem crowdActs 22:2 — Crowd became very quiet when Paul began to speak in Hebrew20. Internal Evidence of Aramaic Names, Phrases, and IdiomsThe following words and phrases simply do NOT occur in the Greek language at all, and thus needed to be explained using another language by the use of parenthesis to be understood:Abba [Aramaic for Father, Daddy] (Mark 14:36; Romans 8:15; Galatians 4:6)Bar Yona [Bar-Jonah, Aramaic for the son of Jonah] (Matthew 16:17)Benai Regesh [Boanerges, Aramaic for sons of thunder] (Mark 3:17)Cephas [Aramaic “Keefas” meaning “stone” (John 1:42; 1 Corinthians 1:12; etc.)Kurbuno [Corban, Aramaic meaning an offering for God] (Mark 7:11)Momuno [mammon, Aramaic meaning riches] (Matthew 6:24)Moran etha [Maranatha, Aramaic for our Lord comes soon] (1 Corinthians 16:22)Nathan a el [Aramaic for God gave] (John 1:47)Raca [Aramaic “reqa” meaning empty-headed, fool] (Matthew 5:22)Tabitha [or Dorcas, Aramaic for gazelle] (Acts 9:36)Talitha cumi [Aramaic for “Little girl, I say to you, arise”] (Mark 5:41)21. Christ Spoke in Aramaic in His Last Moments of AgonyThis final clincher PROOF was when Christ Himself was on the stake. Near His last moment of agony, Christ spoke in the Aramaic dialect of Hebrew when He said, “Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani” (Matthew 27:46; Mark 15:34).NOTE: The original native speech of any man normally comes out at the moment of the most extreme crises — where all pretenses are cast aside. Here Christ clearly spoke in Aramaic!22. The Voice From Heaven Still Spoke to Saul/Paul in Hebrew!Many years later, when the still unconverted Saul/Paul was traveling with companions to Damascus to imprison believers there, at noonday, he was struck by a brilliant light which blinded him and threw him and his companions to the ground. And he heard a voice from heaven calling his name and which spoke to him with many instructions in the Hebrewlanguage (Acts 26:14)!23. Clues: The Rest of the New Testament Had Aramaic OriginalsThe writers of the New Covenant first made known the heavenly words to the Jews … in their native tongue, and afterward in the Greek language, but in doing so retained everywhere a flavor of Syriac [Aramaic].~AENT, p. 725.The “codeword” [password] of Paul is the Aramaic“Moran etho” [Maran atha], not only to authenticate his authorship amidst many spurious claims then, but also to demonstrate with sufficient proof that the speech of the first-century believers was then predominantly Aramaic(Prof. Neubuer, p. 54).~AENT, p. 725.Other Clues:Use of “Abba” to the Gentile congregation in Rome (Romans 8:15)Use of “Abba” to the Gentile congregation in Galatia (Galatians 4:6)Use of “Maranatha” to the Gentile congregation in Corinth (1 Corinthians 16:22)Mention of observing [kosher] “food or drink, festival, new moon, or Sabbath” among the Gentile congregation of Colossae is proof that these people were not only familiar with understanding the HebrewScriptures but were actually practicing these biblical [Hebrew] customs even during the “New Testament” period, and still being encouraged by Paul (Colossians 2:16).Use of the equivalent of “Maranatha” (“even so, come Yahshua Yahweh [HRB]”) as previously addressed to the Seven Churches in Asia Minor (Revelation chapters 2 and 3; and in Revelation 22:20) is also proof that they understood Hebrew-Aramaic.Likewise, as another proof, Luke clearly tells us that Moses [the Torah or the Hebrew Scriptures] was being read every Sabbath in all the synagogues in every city for a long time prior to, and even during the first century A.D. (Acts 15:21).24. Mistranslated Accounts Based on the Greek text But Correct in the Aramaic OriginalCamel Thru the Eye of a Needle?The Aramaic word “Gamala” refers to a “heavy rope” rather than a “camel” which is both spelled: gimel-meem-lamed-alap. Greek scholars puzzled over this physical impossibility! The “heavy rope” lesson teaches the metaphorical need to “unravel” one’s fortune strand by strand first before one is able to enter God’s Kingdom (Matthew 24:19; Mark 10:25; Luke 18:25).Did Simon the “Leper” Host a Party at His Home?Matthew 26:6-7 talks about “Simon the Leper” hosting Christ together with many visitors for a meal at his home, where a woman also anoints Christ with a very expensive oil (perfume). This is an impossible scenario because even in Christ’s day, lepers are outcast from society (Leviticus 13:45-50). The simple solution to this puzzle is again a Greek misreading of the Aramaic word spelled: gimel-resh-beyt-aleph (GRBA). Since Hebrew and Aramaic have no vowels, it can be pronounced both as “gar-bah” which means “leper” or “gar-ah-bah” which means “jar-maker.” Obviously, this Simon was a successful “jar-maker” rather than an outcast “leper.”25. There Are More Examples of Such Greek Textual ProblemsThe 424-page book, “Was the New Testament Really Written in Greek?” written by Raphael Lataster, compiles at least 152 specific discrepancies between the original Aramaic and the Greek text! You may access the website at http://www.aramaicpeshitta.comThere are also many other eminent Peshitta Aramaic scholars. Among some noted ones are Dr. George Lamsa, Dr. Rocco Errico, Dr. James Trimm, Glenn David Bauscher, Don Esposito, Andrew Gabriel Roth, Paul David Younan, Rob Vanhoff, plus many other unnamed ones.Summary of the EvidenceLet us be reminded that:The original apostles took Christ’s instructions seriously, including going to the “lost sheep of the house of Israel” (Matthew 10:6). Christ mentioned about having “other sheep” which were not of that [Judean] fold then but will listen to His voice (John 10:16). To them, the apostles brought Christ’s message in their own Hebrew-Aramaic language to their distant lands.ALL the New Testament writers were Hebrews by blood, language, and culture. They went to their fellow Hebrew-Aramaic speaking peoples. Luke was actually a Semitic Greek, who long adopted the Hebrew way of life, and was also deeply converted. Otherwise, God would not have used him in such very special and powerful roles. His life was always in association with the Hebrew apostles and has been a constant traveling companion of the apostles, especially Paul. Thus, all the New Testament writers wrote in Hebrew-Aramaic.The original New Testament recipients of the writings were Hebrew God-fearers even if they dwelt in various far-off nations of the known world then (Acts 2:5-11). Therefore, why would a Hebrew, writing to another Hebrew, write in a completely foreign language? Since such is definitely illogical, the writings were obviously in the Hebrew-Aramaic language.The original believers (God-fearers) from nations in the known world then often visited Jerusalem which means they were familiar with the Hebrew and Aramaic language in that city. One special incident recorded by the gospel writer-historian Luke was on the Day of Pentecost when there was much more than a dozen nations and language groups gathered in Jerusalem (Acts 2:5-11).The Epistles of Paul were also addressed and sent to be read to the original core of early believers who were of Hebrew background, and therefore he wrote to them in their native Hebrew-Aramaic language. Paul’s letters were centuries later translated into Greek for the later generations, and for the rest of the world.Internal evidence shows that the preponderance of original Aramaic names of persons, places, phrases, and idioms needed to be interpreted into the Greek language. This clearly shows that Greek was NOT the original language used then.Comparing the Aramaic text with the Greek translation, the Aramaic is more accurate. Example: “Camel Through the Eye of a Needle” and “Simon the Leper,” etc.ConclusionWe have just conclusively shown through this long article and its various links that indeed, the original language used in the New Testament was Hebrew-Aramaic as evidenced by many historical documents, plus numerous pieces of internal biblical evidence.Therefore, the popular belief commonly taught that Greek was the original language of the New Testament is shown to be completely WITHOUT any basis or evidence whatsoever!Appendix 1One Added Commission (Matthew 28:19,20)Go and make disciples of all nations, teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you [plus a promise…]NOTE: The “making” and “teaching” of disciples in all nations, was obviously possible only thru their writings, as we see now. It was simply impossible for all of them then (with each facing impending martyrdom), to physically go into all nations on earth (when not even allnations were formed yet). The word “even” is added, and the word “age” is substituted by the translators.COMMENT: The “formula” for baptizing in the name of the “trinity” is a spurious (fake) addition invented by the Roman Catholic Church and inserted only toward the end of the second century. For full documentation of this fact, citing more than 50 pieces of historical evidence, please read the article on this website: “Has the Bible Been Tampered to Support a Certain Doctrine?”Appendix 2Christ’s Life, Death, and Resurrection Were Known in JudeaConcerning the Life, Death, and Resurrection of Christ, the people of Jerusalem and Judea were already familiar with those events. Concerning events surrounding Christ’s birth, it was “widely known abroad” (Luke 2:17 KJV). Also, the events surrounding His miraculous deeds, His crucifixion, death, and resurrection became the talk of the town in Jerusalem when they happened, even as commented upon by a relative/disciple of Christ, named Cleopas (Luke 24:14,18).Detailed Focus on Those Significant EventsConsider these surprising facts: When Christ was born in the middle of the night, as commanded by the angels, the shepherds had to go virtually from door to door inquiring for a baby that was born in a manger? (Luke 2:12). And when He was resurrected, long-dead saints miraculously arrived at many homes in Jerusalem, causing great unbelievable wonder to find out the main cause of this unusual event in the whole city that day (Matthew 27:52,53)!Likewise, the coming of the Holy Spirit on the Day of Pentecost caused “devout men from every nation under heaven” dwelling in Jerusalem that day to spread the news far and wide (“noised abroad”) about the day’s event (Acts 2:5,6 KJV).Known Even to the Top Roman AuthoritiesEven at the highest level of the Roman government at that time, Paul mentioned that King Agrippa was an “expert in all customs and questions which have to do with the Jews” (Acts 26:3). Considering the efficient intelligence-gathering-arm of the Roman government, Paul further stated before King Agrippa saying, “I am convinced that none of these things escapes his [King Agrippa’s] attention, since this thing was not done in a corner” and that Paul is somehow convinced that the King believes the prophets (Acts 26:26,27).Appendix 3Where Did the Israelite Tribes Go?The Clue Is Revealed in the Letters of Peter and James:James addressed his general letter “to the twelve tribes scattered abroad” (James 1:1).Peter’s apostolic letter reveals where the “lost tribes of Israel” were located:“Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the pilgrims of the Dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia,”~1 Peter 1:1If you look at most Bible maps, these stated regions are in the northern part of what is known as Asia Minor; located at the southern shores of the Black Sea. That geographical area is now part of modern-day Turkey.Peter also greeted the scattered Jews left (or those who preferred to remain) in Babylon who also spoke the Hebrew and Aramaiclanguage (1 Peter 5:12-14).But Paul Preached Only in Southern GalatiaNOTE: Please know that there are two “Galatia” mentioned: the northern and the southern. Paul preached in southern Galatia area only in the cities of Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe (Acts 14).Paul’s three missionary journeys did not include those northern regions of Asia Minor. In fact, there was one attempt of Paul to visit Mysia [in the northern region], but the Holy Spirit prevented him (Acts 16:7,8). Why?Administratively, God designated the original apostles to concentrate on the “lost sheep of the house of Israel” [located in the northern regions], while the apostle Paul’s focus was on the Gentile lands [located in the southern regions] (Galatians 2:8). In his letter to the Romans, Paul said he was careful not to work in Israelite territory (Romans 15:20).NOTE: Peter’s letter included the descriptive word “pilgrims” which means those Israelite tribes were strangers in those lands where they settled in (as Abraham was also a stranger in the land of Canaan). Further, Peter also used the descriptive word “Dispersion” which means those Israelite tribes were those previously uprooted from their native land of Israel by the Neo-Assyrian conquest many centuries earlier (2 Kings 17:23b).This phenomenon exactly fulfills the prophecy of Balaam where the tribes of Israel continued to remain as “strangers and pilgrims” in the lands where they went to occupy when he said:From the rocky peaks I see them, from the heights I view them. I see a people who live apart and do not consider themselves one of the nations.~Numbers 23:9, NIVMore details on this big topic are contained in the article: “Where Did the Twelve Apostles Go?” by Dr. Herman L. Hoeh.

OVS (Onterio Varrio Sur and also known as Onterio Varrio Sunkist) is a Mexican American (Chicano) gang from Ontario, California.They consist of approximately 2500+ members and two sub-cliques known as the Junior Black Angels and Black Angels. The main varrio is Sunkist Street located in South Ontario, it is one of the biggest, oldest and most notorious varrios in San Bernardino County. While many members may claim "IE" other members don't, and simply refer themselves to just as being from "Ontario or South Ontario."The Black Angels are the highest ranking OVS members and are considered the elite within the OVS gang. Having earned their wings with multiple assignments (putting in work) for the Mexican Mafia (La Eme) while also controlling the infrastructure of OVS in and around the city of Ontario. This can also be concluded for surrounding counties as members are throughout southern California. OVS is not your typical street gang. The California Mexican Mafia deeply controls every aspect of this gang while running it as a multi tier infrastructure. Ultimately the OVS Mexican Mafia chooses who becomes a Black Angel and what members are inducted within the rankings of the OVS gang.OVS has deep-rooted ties within the California Mexican Mafia (La Eme),with over a dozen active made validated members within the La Eme organization. The OVS Mexican Mafia are able to vote their own in at their own calling. The Mexican mafia requires 3 made men to vote. OVS has more than enough made men to vote a new member into La Eme.OVS membership is growing as the OVS La Eme influential recognition spreads throughout California and the U.S. They also play a very important role within the infrastructure of the California mexican mafia in the state and federal penitentiaries as well as on the streets of southern California.HistoryOVS originally began as a car club in the late 1940s and gradually split into two rival cliques: the Black Angels and the Earth Angels. In the late 1950s and early 1980s, a turf war occurred between the two, but slowly subsided as the EA's membership dwindled and membership for the OVS (Sunkist faction) grew.During the mid-1990s (circa 1994/1995) and after the death of Mexican Mafia "Eme" leader[ Joe "Peg Leg" Morgan, OVS (Sunkist-BA) member Ruben "Tupie" Hernandez assumed the leadership role of the Mexican Mafia, while housed in Pelican Bay State Prison.CultureOVS has a long history of involvement with theMexican Mafia. Gang members are secretive, their code of silence is taken seriously, and violations have lethal consequences. Respect and loyalty are very important. They challenge anyone and enforce the borders of their territory with deadly accuracy. OVS is one of southern California's most respected gangs within the criminal networks.OVS gang colors are black and white. Their dress attire includes Baltimore Orioles hats. Using the "O" for Onterio. Anaheim Angels hats for "Black Angels" and Chicago White Sox hats for members of South Onterio X3. These hats represents all tiers of the "OVS" gang.Only members of the OVS gang can have their gang tattoos on them. Dire consequences have been seen in the past with non-members. With gang tattoos such as "Onterio" "OVS" "OVSR" "BA's" "OBA's" "OAN's" "Sur Onterio" "Onterio Sur" "Sunkist"OVS and Black Angels gang emblems and gang tattoos varies within the hierarchy and rankings. The highest tattoo rankings with the OVS Black Angels are the horns on the head, demon with wings on their arms, and wings tatted on their entire back.It is common for the California Mexican Mafia carnales to be living in other neighborhoods that are not theirs. This strengthens ties and keeps the peace treaties in place within the surrounding neighborhoods. The OVS Mexican Mafia is notoriously known for this. OVS La Eme member top enforcer Darryl Castrejon controlled and called the shots from his houses in Rialto and Fontana while Cucamonga Kings La Eme leader Salvador "Turi" Hernandez lived on Sunkist in the varrio of OVS calling the shots. OVS La Eme member Armando "Mando" Barajas lived in Pomona doing the same as well for other OVS carnales that are not incarcerated.Criminal activityCommunity hero and Ontario Police Detective Brice Devey serves as a veteran officer with the Ontario Gang unit with many years of experience working with the OVS gang. He clearly states that the primary activity of the OVS gang is murder. Along with repeated activities such as robberies, assaults and narcotics sales. This information is also based on his personal experiences and certified documents with his many years with the O.P.D. Gang unit.OVS main source of income is from illegal narcotics and gun trafficking. OVS, as with most other Sureño gangs, are well connected with Mexican drug cartels, specifically the Sinaloa cartel. Methamphetamine, cocaine, black-tar heroin, and marijuana are sold by street dealers who operate out of numerous hidden "trap-houses" where the product is stored and processed into smaller quantities.OVS also sells arsenals of illegal/stolen firearms, ranging from handguns to assault rifles, as well as knives, clubs, and other weapons. Because of their history and since the formation of OVS, hundreds of murders have been committed for the benefit of this gang.OVS is also known in "cleaning house". Meaning that they will not hesitate in killing their own.OVS is notorious for their participation in hate crimes against African Americans in their neighborhoods.OVS has long established themselves as crip, blood and african american killers while also joining in the ranks of other surrounding sureno street gangs that have established themselves with similar titles. All while being under the direct influence and orders of the California Mexican Mafia. The OVS B.A. status can also be obtained by killing crips, bloods and african americans in the California and Federal penitentiaries as well as on the streets of southern California. Once an OVS member reaches the ranks of B.A. status then they can be consider to become a Mexican Mafia member with multiple killings under their belt. The OVS Black Angels are very much feared in southern California because of their status and influence that they have with "La Mesa". The senior leadership of the California Mexican Mafia as well as having the highest membership within the California Mexican Mafia. OVS and the OVS B.A.'s are very much respected with the southern California sureno gangs while also holding keys (the yards) in many of the California state penitentiaries.Timeline1891Ontario was incorporated as a city in 1891, and North Ontario broke away in 1906, calling itself Upland.Late 1940'sOVS is formed. Originally as a car club but gradually into a gang. Their original territory started in south Ontario but as of today they claim the entire city of Ontario.Early 1950'sThe OVS Black Angels are formed. The gang takes its name from a popular comic book of the time. Frank “Mosca” Castrejon is among the founders. Several years later the Jr Black Angels are formed. Recruiting teens as young as 11 yrs of age. Their original territory started in the south east side of Ontario on Sunkist st.. As of today they claim the entire city of Ontario, Ca., with certain parts of the Inland Empire and surrounding counties. Many official OVS members are swarming to make B.A. status and are more than willing to take direct orders with no questions to earn their wings and to move up the rankings of OVS. The Ontario Police department and surrounding police agency's are fully aware of this. Make no doubt, to obtain a B.A. status one must have earned multiple killings as well as becoming an official member of OVS one has to murder. They have a strict "Blood in Blood out" policy and have been known in killing members that run afoul.1954The OVS Earth Angels are formed. Some recall as off shoots from the Black Angels. Just as the Black Angels they eventually formed a Jr version of the E.A.'s. The Jr E.A.'s age bracket was in their early 20s.Many families were divided in half. One brother was a Earth Angel while the other brother was a Black Angel. As well as cousins, uncles, aunts, etc. In the early years the E.A.'s out numbered the B.A.'s. Their original territory started in south Ontario. OVS was originally "Onterio Varrio Sunkist" but because of the E.A.'s they were claiming it as "Onterio Varrio Sur"1980Northside Ontario Calaveras street gang forms. This gang was short lived and died out in the mid 80s.June 30,1982OVS gang member Tito Marines Jr. is found murdered in south Ontario. It was believed to have been a paid hit from a known OVS drug dealer Mary Lou Davilla SalazarJune 22,1987Found murdered in a home on Sunkist street in south Ontario are Mary Lou Davilla Salazar, Lourdes Flores and Francisco Delgado Ortiz. This was a revenge hit for the murder of OVS gang member Tito Marines Jr.June 25,1987High ranking OVS Eme member and later La Eme Godfather Reuben "Tupi" Hernandez is arrested for the Ontario murders of Mary Lou Davilla Salazar, Lourdes Flores and Francisco Delgado Ortiz.July 19,1988High ranking OVS Eme member and later La Eme Godfather Reuben "Tupi" Hernandez is sentenced to 3 consecutive life terms plus 16 years in state prison for the murders of Salazar, Flores and Ortiz.1990The OVS Earth Angels 175 members gang and the female Earth Angelettes gang disbands. Many senior members are official made members of the California Mexican mafia. There are many street versions in why the E.A.'s disbanded.One version is that the E.A.'s and the B.A.'s held a meeting discussing a truce that they couldn't keep in place. Both presidents at that time knew that killing each other had to stop. Both presidents knew that their members wouldn't want to become one gang because of the past feuding and killings that took place between the both of them. The B.A.'s and the E.A.'s existence was placed on a coin toss with each president that swore an oath based on that coin toss. Only one set of Angels could reside in the city of Ontario. The E.A.'s lost and in keeping their word they disbanded the E.A. gang. Both B.A.'s and E.A.'s were tired of the killings. All while the "Angel" wars was taking place in the city of Ontario, surrounding street gangs was also taking advantage of the Angel wars and was cheap shotting both sets of Angels. Had the B.A.'s would of lost they would of had to disbanded based on the oath that was sworn at that time with their president. With the senior E.A.s leadership already incarcerated and joining the Mexican Mafia and many E.A.'s and B.A.'s related to each other, the younger generations joined the main "OVS" gang that both the E.A.'s and the B.A.'s were a part of.November 9, 1993East L.A. Benjamin "Topo" Peters (Age 54) replaces East L.A. Maravilla Joe "Peg Leg" Morgan as La Eme godfather, Peters is challenged for control of La Eme by OVS Black Angel Reuben "Tupi" Hernandez (Age 35) competing for leadership and godfather status of the California Mexican Mafia. Both are very well known to many law-enforcement officers in Los Angeles and southern California. Ultimately Ruben "Tupi" Hernandez gains control of La Eme which consisted of at least 1000 active eme members.May 1, 199522 members and associates of the California Mexican Mafia (La Eme) are indicted on RICO charges including La Eme godfather OVS Black Angel Reuben "Tupi" Hernandez.September 3, 1997La Eme godfather OVS Black Angel Reuben "Tupi" Hernandez is sentenced to his fourth life term from the RICO charges.January 1997OVS Black Angel leader Angel "Vala" Marines murders a fellow OVS Black Angel member.June 2001In June 2001, Hector "Pirate" Ruben Lopez was a suspected OVS Black Angels member, with an outstanding warrant for his arrest because he had absconded from parole supervision. On June 20, 2001, Glen Willett, then a Senior Special Agent of the California Department of Corrections, received information that Lopez was located at a residence on Oakland Avenue, in Ontario, California. During surveillance, Willett and Ontario Police Department (“OPD”) officers observed Lopez's mother and brother, Joe "Joker" Martel, enter the Oakland Avenue residence. Martel was a known OVS Black Angel gang member who was also on parole. Through a window in the door, Willett saw Lopez “peek around the corner from a hallway. Willett ordered Lopez to open the door, but Lopez disappeared down the hallway out of sight. A few minutes after Willett and the OPD officers unsuccessfully tried to force entry, Lopez opened the door and was arrested a few feet outside the front door. The officers conducted a protective sweep of the residence, forcing entry into a back bedroom. In the hallway bathroom toilet, officers found an empty clear plastic baggy. After the residence was secured, the officers conducted a parole search of the residence. During the parole search, officers found plastic baggies containing methamphetamine and three handguns.On June 27, 2001, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives Special Agent David Silva requested federal prosecution of Lopez. Behnke accepted the case for prosecution pending further investigation, and opened a case file for Lopez on July 5, 2001.In late September 2001, FBI Special Agent Volk interviewed Lopez, for a second time, about Lopez's knowledge of the OVS Black Angels, and advised Lopez that he “could be looking at serious federal time” unless he cooperated. Lopez refused to cooperate. Lopez was thereafter indicted by a federal grand jury for being a felon in knowing possession of firearms, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c), and for possession of methamphetamine with intent to distribute.Lopez pled guilty to possession of methamphetamine with intent to distribute, reserving the right to appeal the denial of his motions to dismiss and suppress. Lopez was sentenced to 169 months in prison.January 20, 2005OVS rival gang members Henry Valle, 18, and Narisco Perez, 18, are found shot dead in a minivan in the 4200 block of Los Serranos Boulevard in Chino Hills. Valle had mistakenly burglarized a home connected to Darryl Castrejon one of the top Mexican Mafia enforcers and southern California shot-caller with ties to the Pomona's 12th Street gang.April 2006OVS LA Eme members Darryl Castrejon, Arthur Garcia, Julio Ponce Felix Jr. and Ricardo Polanco are arrested for conspiracy to commit murder against a fellow La Eme member "Frankie Buelna". They are included with the 57 Gang Members arrested from the Pomona Sharkies. With a seizure of more than six pounds of methamphetamine worth nearly $36,000, 18 pounds of methamphetamine ice worth $162,000, 36 grams of heroin, 14 grams of cocaine, more than $23,000 in U.S. currency, 11 pistols, several rifles and shotguns, and one grenade. In addition, during the arrests agents seized nine more pounds of methamphetamine, one-half pound of heroin, 25 firearms, including an AK-47 and approximately $20,000 in U.S. currency. The investigation included the use of wiretaps, informants, extensive surveillance, and undercover agents.2006-2007The Gangland TV series approached members from the OVS gang for a episode. The TV series was aware of their power struggle in the California mexican mafia as well as with the leadership and influence that OVS carries in the prison system and on the streets of southern California. OVS turned them down several times.2008OVS Black Angel member Johnathan Valderama is convicted of attempted murder for shooting at Ontario police during a traffic stop.September 2008OVS gang member Cesar Albert Mora was sentenced to 58 years to life, including 25 years to life for an assault conviction plus five years for gang enhancements on a assault conviction. A 25-year-to-life term was imposed but stayed on the active gang participation conviction. With three prior serious felony convictions and three prior strikes he was found guilty of assault with a deadly weapon for stabbing a victim at a house party and possession of a shank while in custody.September 2008OVS La Eme members Ricardo Polanco and Arthur Garcia receive sentences of 50 and 55 years to life for the murder of Frankie "Frankie B" Buelna in 2005. Buelna was green lighted by longtime Eme top enforcer Darryl Castrejon for collecting taxes in his area without authorization.January 7th 2009OVS La Eme member Darryl Castrejon failed to appear at a court hearing in Pomona Superior Court for the first time in three years - three days before the Frankie B murder plot trial. Castrejon posted a $1 million bail and disappeared. As of today he still has been eluding law enforcement as a fugitive. He's been seen in Mexico and central America and with direct ties to the major drug cartels. He's been using the Inland Empire and L.A. gangs to ferry large quantities of drugs and cash across the border while remaining untouchable to the feds and law enforcement while also appearing to fall off the radar.July 30th, 2009OVS gang member Andrew Magallanez was convicted of murder and attempted murder in a Colton restaurant. A woman restaurant employee, identified in court as Jane Doe, saw a fight develop in the restaurant’s patio and tried to reach her manager when the fighting escalated inside. The woman was standing near the entrance, when she saw the shooter – later identified as Magallanez – walk inside and pull a silver handgun from either his waistband or pocket. He lifted the gun, pointed it toward the crowd and started firing. The shooter yelled, “Black Angels” after the gunfire.April 21st, 2010A 17-month investigation spearheaded by the Ontario Police Department resulted in the arrest of 52 alleged gang members who had ties to the Mexican Mafia. Ontario police officers said the gang investigation was the largest in the city’s history.About 400 law-enforcement officers participated with the Ontario Police department with the support of the DEA, the U.S. Attorney’s Office and surrounding law-enforcement agencies. Officers went to 34 locations in Riverside, San Bernardino and Los Angeles counties to serve search and arrest warrants. Only seventeen of those were in Ontario. The arrests included more than 60 federal indictments as well as the seizure of firearms, methamphetamine and $168,000 in cash.In addition to RICO charges, the indictments alleges violent crimes in aid of racketeering, conspiracies to distribute heroin, methamphetamine and firearms violations. The RICO conspiracy count in the indictments alleges a series of specific overt acts, including transporting narcotics from Mexico into the United States; shooting at police during a high-speed chase; an armed robbery of a convenience store; and the murder of a OVS Black Angel member "Paul Angel" who ran afoul of the gang.A joint federal-state law enforcement operation led to the arrest of the OVS gang members and associates who are also named in federal racketeering and narcotics indictments. The arrests were the result of the indictments returned by a federal grand jury in Los Angeles. The main indictment names total of 52 defendants, 36 of whom are charged under the Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act. A second indictment charges another 10 defendants with narcotics trafficking violations.November 8, 2010OVS gang member Frank Martin Hernandez, 33, entered a plea bargain with prosecutors that carries a 35-year prison sentence. On April 26, 2006 at 2:30 a.m., Ontario police officers went to the intersection on Campus Avenue and Holt Boulevard to investigate reports of a person breaking into a car. As officers arrived, Hernandez left the area in a dark Honda. Police tried to stop him but he sped away, traveling as fast as 110 mph. During the chase, Hernandez fired several rounds from a handgun at the officer following him, Hernandez plead guilty to attempted murder and shooting at a peace officer.Not to be confused with the shooting at police in the RICO act. This is another incident.January 2011An OVS gang member was found guilty of first-degree murder for shooting a man that prosecutors described as a gang member “green-lighted” by his gang for execution. A jury deliberated for two days in West Valley Superior Court before convicting 23-year-old Daniel Vera of murdering 29-year-old Manuel Jesus Vega in Upland on Jan. 13, 2009. The jury also convicted Vera of participation in a criminal street gang, as well as two special allegations – that Vera used a firearm and committed the killing in association with a gang.May 2011Two OVS gang members, Joseph Arrez, 31 and Johhniennie Flores, 29, kills an African American and is charged with murder, carjacking and participating with a criminal street gang.October 2011OVS gang member Avid Joseph Aviles, 36 was arrested and convicted for attempted murder. He got into an argument with his girlfriend. During the argument a man tried to intervene and calm the situation down. Aviles got upset with the man and shot him in the left leg. In addition to the attempted murder charges, Aviles was arrested for a parole violation.September 2011OVS gang member Tony Reyes Martinez gets in a shoot out with Ontario police.May 2012OVS Black Angel leader Thomas "Night Owl" murders a OVS fellow Black Angel member.August 2012The OVS Gang along with the Pomona Sharkey's Gang and several other SGV gangs are targeted as a Narcotics Distribution Network, Including Members of an International Drug Trafficking Organization. An investigation by the San Gabriel Valley Safe Streets Task Force resulted in the arrest of 27 defendants who face federal narcotics charges for their roles in a methamphetamine distribution network. A federal grand jury returned an indictment in U.S. District Court in Los Angeles charging a total of 27 defendants, several of whom were already in custody. The indictment outlines hundreds of overt acts that formed the basis for the conspiracy to manufacture, possess, and distribute large quantities of nearly pure methamphetamine. The indictment charges the defendants for their roles in the distribution of methamphetamine, the possession with the intent to distribute methamphetamine; for conspiring to manufacture, possess with intent to distribute, and distribution of methamphetamine; and maintaining drug-involved premises, all violations of the United States Code, Title 21.May 14th, 2013OVS gang members Danny Ray Contreras and James Edward Hall shot and killed a fellow OVS gang member that was "green lighted". Both were convicted of first degree murder, gun-use enhancements and a gang enhancement.Both were sentenced to life.2014OVS La Eme leaders Armando “Mando” Barajas of Pomona and Juan “Nito” Gil — was convicted of violations of the Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act, as well as allegations of violent crimes in aid of racketeering, conspiring to distribute heroin and methamphetamine, and firearms violations. A federal jury convicted the pair following a nine-day trial, according to a news release from the U.S. Attorney’s Office. The lead defendant Barajas, 50, was accused of controlling the gang’s activities, including the narcotics distribution activities in the gang’s territory. Juan "Nito" Gil, 43, serving a 10-year prison term when he was indicted in 2010 – was also found guilty of exercising control of gang activities by communicating directions through others linked to the gang.January 10, 2015San Bernardino County's largest gang case ends totally a 485 years of prison sentences including charging OVS La Eme member Darryl Castrejon who continues to elude authorities.February 20, 2015OVS gang members Carlos "Chino" Rivera, Raul "Crook" Prieto, and Jessica Medina attempts to appeal their jury convictions arising out of activities connected with the OVS Black Angels, Prieto objects to the admission of testimony from Black Angels gang leader David Navarro regarding the meaning of the term “bird” and argues that the prosecution mischaracterized Navarro’s testimony in its closing argument. However, Navarro’s testimony was admissible as a lay opinion supported by his experience as the leader of the gang’s extortion activities and participation in methamphetamine sales. The evidence is sufficient to allow a rational fact finder to convict Prieto based on the distribution of methamphetamine. The recorded telephone calls demonstrate Prieto’s willingness to sell half an ounce of a larger supply of a controlled substance. Prieto never questioned Rivera regarding what type of drugs Rivera was expecting when he “re-upped,” allowing for a reasonable inference that Prieto understood Rivera’s reference. This inference is bolstered by Navarro’s testimony that Rivera had conducted methamphetamine deals from Prieto’s mother’s house in Prieto’s presence and with Prieto’s knowledge, demonstrating that Prieto knew that Rivera trafficked in methamphetamine. Finally, Rivera was arrested with nearly half a pound of high-purity methamphetamine following his conversation with Prieto. Because a conviction can be proven through circumstantial evidence and inferences drawn from that evidence, and because a reasonable fact finder could conclude that Prieto knew Rivera was distributing methamphetamine and that Prieto was requesting half an ounce of methamphetamine to sell. Prieto’s argument failed.2016OVS gang member Jon Flores, 34, was convicted of murder and carjacking of Gregory Peck Johnson on Easter in 2011. A jury found Flores guilty of murder, carjacking, attempted murder and participation in a street gang. He was sentenced to 143 years in West Valley Superior Court.February 2018 to PresentOVS and other San Bernardino county gangs along with the San Gabriel Valley gangs (the surenos alliance) heightens their Mexican Mafia orders and agrees on terrorizing and killing African Americans (Crips, Bloods, etc.) in their territories.As of today the Inland Empire and SGV sureno gangs continues to war with the black gangs pushing them further down in southern California.High ranking membersTupi HernandezA veteran of OVS (Sunkist St-Black Angels), Tupi joined La Eme during one of the frequent trips behind bars he made during his late teens. Tupi, along with his best friend Tito Marines, led OVS in battle against other well-established surrounding gangs.Tupi's devotion and eagerness to please his superiors in La Eme led him to become known as one of the most dangerous inmates in the California prison system – a designation he would prove when his buddy Marines was killed while he served an 8-year sentence for robbery. Upon his release, Tupi promptly returned to his old haunts where he chastised the younger members of OVS for failing to take care of business, meaning kill a list of people he had passed down through the "prison information network" before his release. Prime on his list of people to kill was Mary Lou Davila Salazar, the woman he deemed responsible for Marines' murder. During a series of meetings with the most promising Eme recruits from OVS, Tupi warned the youngsters to stay off of the street Salazar lived on, and secured an arsenal of weapons to complete his mission of revenge. In an event which shocked the city of Ontario, Tupi entered Salazar's house on the morning of June 22, 1987 and savagely beat and executed not only Salazar, but also her young roommate and her boyfriend.Police immediately determined that Tupi was responsible. Within 48 hours of the vicious episode, Tupi was behind bars for what would turn into a life sentence. Convicted of the triple homicide, Hernandez received a life sentence for each of his victims. During the trial, evidence of his Eme ties was introduced, and it quickly became apparent that Tupi Hernandez was much more than just a street soldier. Testimony was introduced that veteran Eme members referred to him as "sir" and fawned at the chance to please him. It would be years before his true status in the gang became known.During the Mexican Mafia federal pre-trial hearings the Feds and local law enforcement was well aware of the power struggle and tension between "Tupi" Hernandez and Benjamin "Topo" Peters. This Mexican Mafia rico act was huge while being televised worldwide.Incarcerated in a federal locked down facility with strict procedures and protocols it's not possible for any type of weapon to be circulating- unless it was allowed to happened. The Feds purposely locked down "Tupi" Hernandez and Benjamin "Topo" Peters together and was well aware of the outcome that was going to take place. While the feds and local law enforcement were waiting and watching while laughing it up behind the 24 hour security cameras, Benjamin "Topo" Peters made his move on "Tupi" Hernandez. "Topo" repeatedly stabbed "Tupi" while pinning him down as he sat in the corner of the cell. In the end the Feds came in acting like they were the good guys and separated the two. Ultimately "Tupi" Hernandez was set up. Little did the public know that because of this incident, there was tension for many years between the Inland Empire La Eme faction and the East L.A. La Eme faction. The East L.A. faction did not want the Inland Empire faction to be in control.Darryl "Dashing D" CastrejonOne of the top leaders of the OVS family and one of the Mexican Mafia top leaders in California, Darryl Castrejon's leadership and influence as an enforcer has spawned a new breed of generational top notched soldiers and new recruits for La Eme throughout California. This silent, observant, untouchable leader from OVS is known to have major influences with southern California gangs, thus making OVS an untouchable ally within the Sureno network.Darryl "Dashing D" and other senior OVS B.A.'s that was incarcerated in the early years of La Eme was known in "Making their bones" by killing "BGF' members and crips and bloods. As of today this still takes place while also taking place on the streets of southern California..Senior leadership of La Eme and OVS frowns on today's younger generation as they tend to be programmed by the media, easily influenced as the younger generation talks with african american slang while mimicking certain characteristics. They have a zero tolerance policy with this on their streets and don't have this problem with their youngsters incarcerated."Dashing D" also established the OVS physical fit no dope policy that is strictly enforced in the OVS gang. Just as the U.S. military wants their soldiers physically fit and properly trained for battle, La Eme wants their soldiers physically fit, properly trained and ready for battle at their call or beckoning.Armando "Mando" BarajasAmbassador of the OVS La Eme and shot caller of the OVS Black Angels.Juan "Nito" GilAmbassador of the OVS La Eme and shot caller for OVS and the OVS Black Angels. He may now be the top shot caller for the inland Empire La Eme in the federal penitentiaries.Juan "Swifty" DiazAmbassador of the OVS La Eme in the federal penitentiaries and shot caller for OVS and the OVS Black Angels.Ronald "Turtle" BaisaPelican Bay OVS La Eme old timer. Also responsible for kicking out a local crip gang from trying to form in south Ontario and for black gangs not residing in south Ontario. His swift hand of eme justice made this happened.***Many new OVS La Eme carnales have been made since the 2010 RICO Act.***On the StreetsDavid “Plucky” NavarroEx leader of the OVS Black Angels. Snitch. Cooperated with the Feds and law enforcement in the 2010 RICO Act. See the OVS timeline "February 20, 2015"The new breed of soldiersAs technology advances, so does OVS. Known as one of the leading families (gangs) to put in place a mandatory "no dope – physically fit" policy, these gang members are the new recruits of la eme and tomorrow's criminal leaders of their streets.One of the requirements to be an official OVS member is to commit murder. This was an original requirement for the Black Angels sub-clique, and now has been put in place for all starting members of OVS, thus making OVS a feared and respected gang. Crimes of murder can be anywhere. OVS knows that the Ontario Police department and gang task force is fully aware of their initiation process and will send their new recruits to the surrounding counties to get "jumped in" by committing a murder. Because of the past RICO act the OVS Mexican Mafia membership has grown. Weeding out the weak from the strong with their initiations guarantees the OVS Mexican Mafia from would be informants and snitches.AcceptanceOnterio Sur is traditionally predominantly Mexican American. They continue to recruit Hispanic males and females, but on occasions may recruit Caucasians. The average member joins in his or her early teenage years. There are active members as old as their sixties.