Human Error Accidents In Adventure Activities Cause And: Fill & Download for Free

I am into paragliding since 1995. I have indulged into the three most common forms of paragliding - Hill flying, flying with the help of a winch and with help of a motor which is called paramotoring. Compared to other forms of aerosports I consider this least expensive with fast learning curve - there are cases where people have started flying on the very same day the join for a course.In all adventure sports the eliment of risk cannot be eliminated, but the risk factors can be minimised to negligible level if one takes into consideration the limitations associated with the activity.The limitations in paramotoring are : your knowledge and skill level, there is limitation of equipment and then the limitation of weather condiftions.Personally, from all the three form of paragliding, I consider paramotoring a bit safer. My reasoning is that paramotoring is generally done in comparatively lesser wind speeds which are also supposed to be smooth and laminar.Having said that, from all the incidents that I have read about and heard about - the accidents are caused by human error mostly due to overconfidence and dropping of guards.To answer the question - I consider it a very safe sport for anyone who has a strong desire to fly and willing to take proper training.The sport will demand your time and money - if you are short of either of them please enjoy a joyride with an experienced pilot to get the feel of flying.

I did not do the math (see some data at the end of the answer): statistics need to be understood and interpreted, read on for the main differences in the two activities. Short answer is, I reckon bungee jumping is safer.Besides basic safety operations for cranes, ropes, working at height, you need to deal with the platform (if applicable), elastic and connections only: very few elements. There is no interaction with other moving objects or machines and no concurrent activities.Thus in general very few things can go wrong. That is if you make the big assumption that the bangee organizer are competent and responsible. Was the elastic rope selected and packed/shipped properly? Is it stored properly when not in use? Is it rigged correctly? Tested every time with a safe load? Adjusted correctly to the person's weight? Is the elastic changed out as prescribed?The disturbing thing is that failure of the elastic is somewhat unpredictable and although largely overdimensioned it does not behave like other materials which fail in a univocal fashion (i.e. repeatable stress/strain relationship). Having said that, cord snaps are rare and most accidents root causes lay in poor handling and procedures (human error). However I presume most incident investigations are poor, perhaps on the ground that it is an extreme sport, a waiver was signed, and shit happens.In skydiving, you are dealing with complex gear, but parachute malfunctions (although making up a large part of the training) is the least of the hazards: catching a plane, loads of weather factors and implications, exit and group separations, freefall collisions, altitude awareness, separation before deployment, collisions under an open canopy (skydivers and plane), obstacles and turbulences, landing circuit and traffic (again, skydivers and plane), landing. Often accidents are caused by multiple factors combined (swiss cheese theory of safety barriers).The disturbing part here is another skydiver not following the rules due to violation, ignorance, slip or lapse, and ending up colliding with you.Even though the jump is planned correctly, there are factors that are out of your control, however you do have a very active part in your jump from the moment you put your name in the manifest until you land. The landing is critical and it is (unless landing under particular malfunctions as the downplane) entirely on you, and that is where the vast majority of accidents happen. Therefore if you do not fuck up the circuit and the landing (as with a plane or anything that flies, a safe landing largely depends on a correct circuit), you removed from the equation the main risk that could prevent you to return to the hangar with a big grin in your face.Another notable difference with bangee jumping is that running a dropzone is a serious business. It is highly regulated (and controlled) by the aviation or closely related entities (it depends on the Country). The directors and instructors of a dropzone must meet specific requirements, stay current, and they are legally liable for their students. Accident investigations are also likely handled professionally.Personally, I prefer skydiving for the following reasons:1-The speed and the thrill. It is a stronger, better, longer airgasm;2-I am in control from exit to landing, that increases both the fun and the accountability towards your mates. You got the primal and tribal aspect of the jump, the interaction and game with others, and the power to shape endless adventures in the flow. You feel like a hero;3-It is a sport comprising several disciplines. There are so many awesome things you can learn to do in freefall and canopy piloting. Just youtube "freefly". Acquiring new skills feels great, and you transfer the pride and confidence in your daily life (you do not feel the urge to go around like an idiot saying you are a skydiver);4-You get to meet awesome people, although strong personalities and egos pose problems (invariably, as in all disciplines, you find that the most competent and capable are often the most humble and laid back);5-Part of the hero-effect is the gear: so damned fascinating. I think only a biker can understand this: you grow to love your rig as it was your motorcycle;6-If I am injured or die skydiving, chances are that is a consequence of my actions, not because of a moron failing to attach the elastic cord (he does get charged with mansloughter for that). That is not the way I want to go.Accidents:http://www.bungeezone.com/disasters/http://www.dropzone.com/fatalities/http://www.uspa.org/USPAMembers/Safety/AccidentReports.aspx

Anti-government protesters took to the streets of Iran Saturday after Tehran admitted that it mistakenly shot down a Ukrainian passenger jet, killing 176 people.Thousands gathered outside the gates of Amir Kabir University, near the former US embassy in Tehran, to denounce the plane crash the government blamed on human error and "US adventurism."Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 crashed Wednesday after takeoff from Tehran's airport. The crash came hours after Iran fired missiles at Iraqi military bases housing US troops in retaliation for a drone strike at Baghdad airport that killed Iranian commander Qasem Soleimani.In video posted on social media, protesters chanted for Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei to step down and for those responsible for downing the plane to be prosecuted. "Death to the dictator," some chanted.In one video, demonstrators chanted, "Khamenei have shame. Leave the country."A mass vigil commemorating the victims of the doomed flight escalated into an angry demonstration following the government admission, according to Iran's semiofficial FARS News Agency. University graduates migrating to Canada were among those who perished in the crash.FARS reported that Iranian police dispersed students who entered and blocked main roads.Their anger was fueled in large part by the nation's armed forces claim that it targeted the passenger plane unintentionally. It attributed the crash to radar activity and fear of US action."The Islamic Republic of Iran deeply regrets this disastrous mistake. My thoughts and prayers go to all the mourning families," President Hassan Rouhani said.After the missile operation in Iraq, US military flights around Iranian borders increased and Iranian military officials reported seeing aerial targets coming toward strategic centers, according to a statement by Iranian armed forces headquarters."The aircraft came close to a sensitive IRGC military center at an altitude and flight condition that resembled hostile targeting. Under these circumstances, the aircraft was unintentionally hit, which unfortunately resulted in death of the many Iranian and foreign nationals," the statement reads.The victims include 82 Iranians, 63 Canadians, 11 Ukrainians, 10 Swedes, four Afghans, three Germans and three British nationals."Human error at time of crisis caused by US adventurism led to disaster," Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif tweeted.People stand near the wreckage after a Ukrainian plane carrying 176 passengers crashed near Imam Khomeini airport.The commander of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force said he had requested all commercial flights in Iran be grounded until tensions cooled off.But the Armed Forces and government and aviation authorities chose not to do so, Brigadier-General Amir-Ali Hajizadeh said at a news conference.Hajizadeh said the plane was misidentified as a cruise missile by an air defense operator.The operator was unable to contact the central air defense command to confirm it. He had 10 seconds to choose between shooting it down or not, Hajizadeh said.Hajizadeh accepted responsibility, saying that once it became clear what had happened, he thought: "I wish I was dead."Those responsible will be prosecutedThe Ukrainian General Prosecutor's office said in a statement it was now investigating the incident as a possible case of "willful killing and aircraft destruction."The downing of the plane was being handled as a case of "violation of traffic safety rules" and "operation of air transport resulting in death" but prosecutors said Iran's admission changed the scope to "liability for the willful killing of two or more people and the destruction of the aircraft," the statement said.Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky called Iran's admission a "step in the right direction" via Twitter."I insist on immediately completing identification of the bodies and their return to Ukraine," Zelensky wrote after a call with Rouhani."The perpetrators must be held accountable. We look forward to further legal and technical cooperation," added Zelensky, who had earlier made a call for Iran to pay compensation.Rouhani apologized to the Ukrainian people and promised to hold those responsible "accountable," according to the readout of the conversation."The head of the Islamic Republic of Iran fully acknowledges that the tragedy was due to the erroneous actions of the military of this state, " according to the readout.Rouhani in a statement released by his office earlier Saturday echoed those sentiments."Further investigation is needed to identify all the causes and roots of this tragedy and prosecute the perpetrators of this unforgivable mistake and inform the honorable people of Iran and the families of the victims about it," Rouhani said."It is also necessary to adopt the required arrangements and measures to address the weaknesses of the country's defense systems to make sure such a disaster is never repeated," he added.Iran concedes the 'big lie' is trueIran had previously denied US claims that the country had struck down the plane accidentally.A US official familiar with the intelligence said the aircraft was downed by two Russian-made SA-15 surface-to-air missiles. The US saw Iranian radar signals lock onto the jetliner before it was shot down."No one will assume responsibility for such a big lie once it is known that the claim had been fraudulent," government spokesman Ali Rabiei said in a statement earlier Friday, according to state-run Press TV.Iranian authorities are in possession of the two flight data recorders, also known as black boxes, which Ukrainian investigators got access to Friday. They have yet to start examining the information, but have said it included communications between the pilot and Tehran flight control.The Canadian government was waiting for Iran to issue 10 visas to give its representatives access to the accident site, Foreign Minister Francois-Philippe Champagne said late Friday.Two members of Canada's Transportation Safety Board and 10 Global Affairs officials were waiting in Ankara, Turkey, for the documents.Three visas were issued for members of Canada's Standing Rapid Deployment Team (SRDT), Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau told reporters.The SRDT is a unit of specialized officials deployed to work with Canada's embassies and consulates abroad in providing critical services to Canadians during emergencies, according to the Canadian government. They were expected to arrive in Tehran on Saturday.Rouhani told Trudeau he was committed "to collaborate, to give closure to the victims, deescalate tensions in the region and continue this dialogue," the Canadian Prime Minister said."What Iran has admitted to is very serious," Trudeau said. "Canada will not rest until we get the accountability, justice, and closure that the families deserve."Trudeau said "conflict and tension" between the US and Iran "contributed" to the downing of flight PS 752.World leaders from Germany to the United Kingdom and the United States condemned Iran.US President Donald Trump tweeted that his administration will continue to stand with the "brave, long-suffering people of Iran.""We are following your protests closely, and are inspired by your courage," Trump tweeted.Death of general escalates tensionTensions escalated last week after Trump ordered a precision strike that killed Iranian commander Qasem Soleimani.Soleimani was plotting "imminent and sinister attacks" on Americans, Trump said, adding that the action was taken to stop a war.The Pentagon blamed Soleimani and his Quds Force for attacks on coalition bases in Iraq in recent months, including the December 27 strike that killed an American contractor and Iraqi personnel. He was also blamed for the US Embassy attack in Baghdad on December 31. The Pentagon said in addition to the hundreds killed in his time as a commander, thousands more were wounded.Strained relations between the US and Iran have complicated the investigation. US government investigators, for example, cannot fly into Tehran and meet with government officials without a license. That prohibition is due to longstanding sanctions rather than the most recent events, according to two US officials who spoke on the condition of anonymity.Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin announced Friday that Trump was authorizing yet more sanctions on Iran.