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PDF Editor FAQ

I have a good new invention idea. I do not have the money to patent it as I am under 18 and I am not even sure if it already exists. What can I do? I’m in the U.K.

Well, you can search the “prior art” yourself, for free, specially patents and most pending patent applications.I would first refer you to this page: Patents - detailed information - GOV.UKI would first suggest that you read the section on Introduction to patents,I really like the guidance under the section heading “Before You Apply for a Patent. Including the warning that “Not all patents have a financial value”This is very true. In the US we estimate that something like 90% of patents cost their owner more to get than the patent makes for owner. Think of that before you start trying to raise money to obtain a patent … getting a patent is an expensive process, and will cost even more (usually a HUGE AMOUNT more -if you have to file a lawsuit to enforce your rights. at least here in the US, where it can cost $100,000 or more just to prepare for and file a patent infringement lawsuit - actually taking it to trial will cost much more).This is the first time I’ve actually visited that web page at the UK patent office, and again, I am very impressed. I think it does a good job talking about patents and alternatives. I’d say “Good on ya, Mates” to the people who prepared that webpage, except that’s an Aussie expression. So, I suppose what I’m supposed to say is “Brilliant!”There is also information about the patent process in the UK here: Patenting your invention, which has a section on Applying for a Patent, which has as a first step Search for a patentAs long as you don’t have money, and don’t know if your invention had been invented before, you can also look at Espacenet - patent search. That’s the European Patent Office website. About halfway down that web page, there are 4 boxed lists of links, one of which has the heading “Learning and help”. Look at the “recorded webinars” section to learn something about searching patents online on the EPO website. Then go back and look at the first thing under the “Learning and Help” - the Pocket Guide… which is a guide to how to format searches - to string together search terms, and exclude other terms.The US Patent Office has some good stuff too…including information on Patent Basics … (General information concerning patents )and a LOT of information on patent patent searching - strategies for searching, and links to databases to search (Search for patents).Included among all that information about searching on the US Patent Office website are links to various foreign (ie., not United States) patent office searchable databases… including that of Great Britain: taking you back to where I started.And … you can search for patents and pending patent application on Google… there is a dedicated patent search function: Google Patents . Be sure to check the little box under the search field to “Include non-patent literature (Google Scholar)”. This is a very handy thing, because as you will learn, the question of whether or not you can patent your invention does not solely depend on whether someone has patented it before, but also whether it has been shown or described in a printed publication (or used in public, or disclosed in a non-confidential manner (some countries, like the US and Canada, provide a grace period to apply for a patent after an initial first public non-confidential disclosure, but most countries don’t.Anyway… If I were you, I’d:try to describe, in a single sentence what your invention is, by completing this single sentence, “This invention is the first ….” This helps firm up in your mind the exact elements, with what limitations, that describe a new, useful, and non-obvious something or other.Think about how to describe those elements… what words are most applicable… things you HAVE to use to describe what the invention is (and their synonyms). Then formulate your search terms using those descriptive words.find patents that seem the very closest to your invention. Then check the patents that were cited by that paent, and that cite that patent (in other words, are patents that a patent examiner thought were somewhat coles to the patent you found…. and see if these might be even closer to your invention. Also look at patent class and subclass for the patents you find that are closest to your invention, and perhaps look at ALL the patents in any subclasses that seem relevant to your invention.Keep a list of all the patents you are reviewing.. .be prepared to give it to your patent practitioner if you ever decide to try for a patent. At least in the US, you are under an obligation to reveal the most relevant prior art you know of….and I normally just give all the patents we find using a search. You may not be under a legal obligation to do so in other patent offices, but who knows, you might file in the US also. And certainly, any patent attorney or agent you hire will want to know about the closest prior art, so that your patent claims can best be crafted to avoid the known prior art and still be as broad as possible.Based on what you find… revise your one-sentence description of the invention… narrower or BROADER, and search some more. Search in several patent office websites, and using Google Patents.Then, if you decide that your invention is new (not shown in any of the prior art (patents/publication) you reviewed, decide how you might protect it… patent(s) are one option, but there are others, which you will know from the discussion on the UK Patent office website.‘Consult an intellectual property professional there in the UK to see what your next steps might be.

Why do people keep on making excuses for the extreme evil that the CPS do to families and children?

I am in the UK - so all I can say is what I see. I promise the following is all true testimony.I have only ever seen CPS mentioned by Americans, in two contexts:Men criticising it - and making allegations against it.Teens (legally children) asking if they should make unfair allegations against their parents.When I have investigated the second - they all originate from the same place as the first. They are lies, by adult men, intended to smear children who make allegations - and succeeding, often receiving over 100 answers that vilify the alleged child involved.So I would say - the most probable explanation is: you’re talking shit, and actually people are:Trying to undermine well-meaning but horribly difficult attempts to protect childrenActively smearing child testimony and trying to turn public opinion against itAnd this would all accord with what my government discovered when they investigated at great expense and effort the allegation of false allegations in cases of child abuse in the UK. They commissioned an exhaustive review in response to similar constant allegations like yours.The evidence they uncovered could not have been clearer.It turns out the allegations about false allegations were false.There were almost no cases of false allegations. And in every single case where there were false allegations, there was a vulnerable child who needed help, or abuse of a different kind to that reported. It was always a cry for help.That should hardly be a surprise. When people - children are people too - cry for help, it is usually a cry for help.And it accords with the findings of all such investigations - which show false allegations comprise under 5% of cases - and are mostly made by another guardian in divorce cases, and are covered by existing legislation.We also know most cases go unreported because of strong pressures on children not to come forward, and questions like yours contribute to this.So:Stop smearing childrenStop defending abusersStop enabling abuseBecause it is sinful. Or in your own words: extreme evil.References:Abrahams, C. (1996) Hearing the Truth: The importance of listening to children who disclose sexual abuse. AfC: London. Alaggia, R. and Kirshenbaum, S. (2005) Speaking the unspeakable: Exploring the impact of family dynamics on child sexual abuse disclosures. In Families in Society, 86 (2): 227-234. Alaggia, R. (2004) Many ways of telling: expanding conceptualizations of child sexual abuse disclosure. Child Abuse and Neglect, 28(11) November: 1213-1227 Arata, C. (1998) To tell or not to tell: Current functioning of child sexual abuse survivors who disclosed their victimization. Child Maltreatment, 31(1): 63-71. Bala, N. and Schuman, J. (2000). Allegations of sexual abuse when parents have separated. Canadian Family Law Quarterly, 17: 191–241. Bottoms, B., Rudnicki, A., and Epstein, M. (2007) A retrospective study of factors affecting the disclosure of childhood sexual and physical abuse. In Pipe, M.E., Orbach, Y., Lamb, M., and Cederborg, A.C. (eds). Child Sexual Abuse: Disclosure, delay and denial. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. Bradley, A. and Wood, J. (1996) How do children tell? The disclosure process in child sexual abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, (20): 881-891. Bruck, M. and Ceci, S. (1999) The suggestibility of children’s memories. Annual Review of Psychology, 50: 419-439. Butler, I. and Williamson, H. (1994) Children speak: children, trauma and social work. Harlow, Essex, Longman. Bybee, D. and Mowbray, C. (1993) An analysis of allegations of sexual abuse in a multi-victim day care centre case. Child Abuse and Neglect (17): 767-783. Cawson, P., Wattam, C., Brooker, S., Kelly, G. (2000) Child maltreatment in the United Kingdom: a study of the prevalence of child abuse and neglect. London, NSPCC. Ceci, S. and Bruck, M. (1995) Jeopardy in the courtroom: a scientific analysis of children's testimony. Washington, D.C., American Psychological Association. Ceci, S. and Bruck, M. (1993) Suggestibility of the child witness: a historical review and synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3): 37 Crisma, M., Bascelli, E., Paci, D. and Romito, P. (2004) Adolescents who experienced sexual abuse: fears, needs and impediments to disclosure. Child Abuse and Neglect (28): 1035- 1048. 13 Crown Prosecution Service (2001) Achieving best evidence in criminal proceedings: guidance for vulnerable or intimidated witnesses, including children. Home Office Communication Directorate: London. Department for children, schools and families (2008) Referrals, assessments and children and young people who are the subject of a child protection plan, England - year ending 31 March 2008 Tables 3B, 3C and 4A. [London]: The Stationery Office. Welcome to GOV.UK DiPietro, E., Runyan, D., and Fredrickson, D. (1997) Predictors of disclosure during medical evaluation for suspected sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse; 6 (1):133-42 Driver, E. & Droisen, A. (Eds) (1989) Child sexual abuse: Feminist perspectives. MacMillen: London. Elliot, D., and Briere, J. (1994) Forensic sexual abuse evaluations of older children: Disclosures and symptomatology. Behavioural Sciences and the Law (12): 261-277. Everill, J. and Waller, G. (1995) Disclosure of sexual abuse and psychological adjustment in female undergraduates. Child Abuse and Neglect (19): 93-100. Faller, K. (2005) Anatomical dolls: their use in assessment of children who may have been sexually abused. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 14(3): 1-21 Faller, K. and DeVoe, E. (1995) Allegations of sexual abuse in divorce. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 4(4): 1-25 Featherstone, B.and Evans, H. (2004) Children experiencing maltreatment: who do they turn to? London, NSPCC. Finkelhor, D. (1979) Sexually victimized children. New York: The Free Press. Freud, S. (1954) The origins of psychoanalysis: letters to Wilhelm Fliess, drafts and notes. Basic Books: New York. Gardner, Richard A. (1995) Repression, dissociation, and sex-abuse accusations. Issues in Child Abuse Accusations, 7(1): 11 Gonzales, L., Waterman, J., Kelly, R., McCord, J. and Oliveri, K. (1993) Children’s patterns of disclosures and recantations of sexual and ritualistic abuse allegations in psychotherapy. Child Abuse and Neglect (17): 281-289. Goodman, G., Taub, E., Jones, D., England, P., et al. (1992)Testifying in criminal court: Emotional effects on child sexual assault victims. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development (57): v-142. Goodman-Brown, T., Edelstein, R., Goodman, G., Jones, D. and Gordon, D. (2003) Why children tell: a model of children's disclosure of sexual abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 27(5) May: 525-540. 14 Hallett, C., Murray, C., and Punch, S. (2003) Young People and Welfare: negotiating pathways. In: C. Hallett and A. Prout (eds) Hearing the Voices of Children: social policy for a new century. London: Routledge Falmer. Hartwig, J. and Wilson, J. (2002) Factors affecting children's disclosure of secrets in an investigatory interview. Child Abuse Review, 11(2) Mar/Apr: 77-93 Henry, J. (1997) System intervention trauma to child sexual abuse victims following disclosure. Journal of Interpersonal Violence (12): 499-512. Hershkowitz, I., Lanes, O., and Lamb, M. (2007) Exploring the disclosure of child sexual abuse with alleged victims and their parents. Child Abuse and Neglect (31): 111-123. HM Government (2006) Working Together to Safeguard Children. TSO: London. Hooper, Carol-Ann. (1992) Child sexual abuse and the regulation of women: variations on a theme. In Regulating Womanhood: historical essays on marriage, motherhood and sexuality, Smart, C. (ed). London: Routledge. Jones, D. and McGraw, J. (1987) Reliable and fictitious accounts of sexual abuse to children. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2(1): 27-45. Jonzon, E. and Lindblad, F. (2004). Disclosure, reactions and social support: findings from a sample of adult victims of child sexual abuse. Child Maltreatment, 9(2): 190-200. Kellogg, N. and Hoffman, T. (1995) Unwanted and illegal sexual experiences in childhood and adolescence. Child Abuse and Neglect (19): 1457-1468. Kellogg, N. and Huston, R. (1995) Unwanted sexual experiences in adolescents: Patterns of disclosure. Clinical Pediatrics (34): 306-312. Kogan, S. (2005) The role of disclosing child sexual abuse on adolescent adjustment and revictimisation. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 14(2): 25-47. Kuehnle, K. and Connell, M. (2009) The Evaluation of Child Sexual Abuse Allegations: A Comprehensive Guide to Assessment and Testimony. Joe Wiley and Sons, New Jersey. Lamb, S. and Edgar-Smith, S. (1994) Aspects of disclosure: Mediators of outcome of childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence (9): 307-326. Lindblad, F. (2007) Reflections on the concept of disclosure. In: Pipe, M., Lamb, M., Orbach, Y. and Cederborg, A (eds) Child Sexual Abuse: Disclosure, Delay, and Denial (pp 291-301). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. London, K., Bruck, M., Ceci, S. And Shuman, D. (2007) Disclosure of child sexual abuse: A review of the contemporary empirical literature. In: Pipe, M., Lamb, M., Orbach, Y. And 15 Cederborg, A (eds). (pp 11-39). Child Sexual Abuse: Disclosure, Delay, and Denial. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. London, K., Bruck, M., Ceci, S. and Shuman, D. (2005) Disclosure of child sexual abuse: What does the research tell us about the ways that children tell? Psychology, Public Policy & Law, 11(1): 194-226. Macfarlane, K., and Krebs, S. (1986) Techniques for interviewing and evidence gathering. In K. Macfarlane and J. Waterman (eds) Sexual abuse of young children (pp 67-100). New York: Guilford Press. MacLeod, M. and Saraga, E. (1988) Challenging the Orthodoxy: Towards a Feminist Theory and Practice. Feminist Review (28). Nelson, S. (1987) Incest: Fact and Myth. Stramullion Co-operative Limited: Edinburgh. NSPCC (2005). Who can I turn to? A summary of responses from schools regarding young people’s views about support and advice services. NSPCC: London. Oates, R. and Donnelly, A. (1997) Influential papers in child abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 21: 319-26. Oates, R., Jones, D., Denson, D., Sirotnak, A., Gary, N.and Krugman, R. (2000). Erroneous concerns about child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24(1): 149–157. Paine, M., and Hansen, D. (2002) Factors influencing children to self-disclose sexual abuse. Clinical Psychology Review (22): 271-295. Parton, N. (1985) The Politics of Child Abuse. Basingstoke: MacMillen. Pipe, M.E., Orbach, Y., Lamb, M., and Cederborg, A.C. (2007) Seeking resolution in the disclosure wars: an overview. In Pipe, M.E., Orbach, Y., Lamb, M., and Cederborg, A.C. (eds) Child sexual abuse: Disclosure, delay and denial. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. Poole, D. and Lamb, M. (1998) Investigative interviews of children: a guide for helping professionals. Washington, D.C., American Psychological Association. Roesler, T. (1994) Reactions to disclosure of childhood sexual abuse: the effect on adult symptoms. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (182): 618-624. Roesler, T. and Weismann Wind, T. (1994) Telling the secret: Adult women describe their disclosures of incest. Journal of Interpersonal Violence (9): 327-338. Sas, L., Family Court Clinic (1993) Three years after the verdict: a longitudinal study of the social and psychological adjustment of child witnesses referred to the Child Witness Project. London, Ontario, London Family Court Clinic. 16 Sauzier, M. (1989) Disclosure of child sexual abuse: For better or for worse. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12(2): 455-469. Sgroi, S., Bunk, B., and Wabrek, C. (1988) Children’s sexual behaviours and their relationship to sexual abuse. In S. Sgroi (ed), Vulnerable populations, Vol.1: Evaluation and treatment of sexually abused children and adult survivors (pp 1-24). Lexington, MA, England: Lexington Books. Sjoberg, R. and Lindblad, F. (2002) Delayed disclosure and disrupted communication during forensic investigation of child sexual abuse: a study of 47 corroborated cases. ACTA PAEDIATRICA 91 (12): 1391-1396. Smith, D., Letourneau, E., Saunders, B., Kilpatrick, H., Resnick, H., and Best, C. (2000) Delay in disclosure of childhood rape: Results from a national survey. Child Abuse and Neglect (24): 273-287. Summit, R. (1983) The child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome. Child Abuse and Neglect (7): 177-193. Trocme, N. and Bala, N. (2005) False allegations of abuse and neglect when parents separate. Child Abuse and Neglect, 29(11), November 2005: 1333-1345 Ussher, J. and Dewberry, C. (1995) The nature and long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse: A survey of women survivors in Britain. British Journal of Clinical Psychology (34): 177-192. Wattam, C and Woodward, C. (1996) Childhood Matters: Report of the National Commission of Inquiry into the Prevention of Child Abuse: Volume 2: Background Papers. London: The Stationery Office. Wyatt, G. and Newcomb, M. (1990). Internal and external mediators of women’s sexual abuse in childhood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58:758-767.

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