Layout 1. Birth Certificate Application: Fill & Download for Free

OK.. Seems like i am well qualified to answer this question. Recently i had the ordeal opportunity to get transcript from Kerala Univ for two courses.Btech 2003 Scheme .Bcom with Computer Application (6 Semester course ) .BasicsKerala Univ just verifies and signs the Transcript of Marks that we prepare and submit for any course.Fee :- 1000 inr per copy of Transcript of Marks (aka ToM).Pre-requisites1. Copy of all original marklists (both regular and supplementary, if any)> For any marklist that is missing, apply for ‘additional marklist’ for the same seperately. It should cost between 100–200 each, depending on oldness of course.2. Copy of Degree Certificate.3. 10th Std certificate copy as birth-date proof.How to Prepare ToMThe layout and format of ToM depends and varies from course to course.So once you reach the concerned department of course at University building, they will provide you a sample layout , which you need to take a copy and give back. (so keep a pen-drive with you and get the sample layout scanned as word file also){The nearest DTP/Photostat shop around University building is at back gate of the compound. Precisely, ask for University Post Office so that people will guide you the way }ORelse there are few DTP centers in and around Saphalyam Shopping Complex ,where they already keep ToM templates of many courses. Sit with them and provide marks, and details etc:- Thoroughly verify the info and take print out , with one extra print (for university reference)>>>>>> ToM has to be printed in Legal Size (22cm X 36cm ), not A4 sheet.Link to the templates i have used for both courses are shared in below in a Mediafire Folder . Click >> MediaFireHow to Submit ToMGet a common/general Applicaton form from KU counter for 20rs.Fill all Details , don’t forget to write your contact number .Submit at concerned department desk , with all marklist copies, prepared ToM, with an extra copy, ToM fee receipt of 1000 inrFee can be submitted at University cash counter or ‘Friends Jana Sevana Kendra’ counters across state.Wait for a call from department desk regarding the successful verification of ToM , or correction in ToM submitted. (4 to 5 days usually)If correction is there, they will guide you further and hence need to correct and re-submit ToM .If verification is successful , then you can collect it from submitted Desk.It should have signatures from following officials. Assistant , Section Officer, Assistant Registrar, Deputy Registrar, Joint Registrar and Registrar . And also the round seal of University of Kerala

Updated on December 30, 2020.If you have ANY Russian passport it means that you are a Russian citizen. International travel passport (a.k.a. “foreign passport”) is a legal ID in many cases even within the country. If you are a Russian citizen, you have an automatic and unquestionable permission to work in Russia as well as be engaged in any other lawful activity. There are certain limitations on who can work at which position but those are evident and natural in many other countries: certain government, law enforcement, military, or research jobs imply that you have not only citizenship and skills but certain other credentials, qualifications, and permissions.Here is a LENGTHY explanation of Russian passport system that digresses from the main topic but hopefully clarifies a lot of things to you and other readers. At least you asked for details about Russian passport.Under the wall of text there are scans of my own and some other passports with detailed explanations. Sensitive data removed unless I took an image from other sources on the web.In Russia internal (domestic) passport is similar to a citizen ID card in the majority of other countries (most notably in Europe and Mainland China, or what is in the US and UK is known as “government-issued photo ID”).It is the principal and most universal form of identity document, compulsory for each and every citizen age 14 and up (no exceptions, except maybe extremely hard mental patients).Almost the only people who can’t have their internal passport with them are patients of mental hospitals, military conscripts and jail inmates — their passports are stored at, respectively, office of chief doctor (i.e., hospital director) or relatives of the patient, commander of military detachment, or chief warden. Once conscription or jail term ends, or in case a mental patient is deemed sane enough to live outside institution, their passport is returned to them.Another case of a Russian citizen who is not mandated to have an internal passport is if one lives abroad permanently, did not forfeit Russian citizenship but has no residence in Russia. It is recommended to have one though. It is even possible to replace one via Russian embassy or consulate, but in this case the process may take up to six months.With military the only ID of the drafted soldier is so-called “Military ticket” (literal translation of военный билет), a passport-format booklet that contains a different set of information but also includes principal identification data and a photo — and you can buy a bus/train/plane ticket with it. Can’t marry with it though. At the age of 16 conscription offices issue “Conscript ID” to all boys. It is without a photo so it is not considered a valid ID and, upon either conscription or release from it, is replaced with the “Military ticket”.Conscription age is 18 to 27 for all males deemed suitably healthy unless they are:1) full-time students of higher or tertiary education, candidates and doctors in sciences;2) or have more than 3 children under 18 in their custody (either as a father or the only able adult of the household, the latter is quite shaky ground — sometimes social services prefer to draft a boy and put his younger siblings into orphanages — and different at that);3) the boy had his father or older sibling killed or injured to disability either in action or during the conscription service;4) the young man has other citizenship(s) in addition to Russian and/or lives abroad permanently;5) the young man already served in the army of another country — which implies that he: a) may possibly spy for a foreign military or intelligence service; b) already pledged allegiance to a different state.Pledge of allegiance, while being mostly a formal, if often solemnly festive, procedure, is taken very seriously by military and law enforcement, and not only in Russia but almost anywhere in the world. So seriously that the breach of it, a treason, in Russia is considered more serious a crime than a particularly violent multiple manslaughter. There is a way to obtain Russian citizenship in five years for foreigners via signing in as a contract soldier, but it is so tricky and rare that I can’t even remember anyone doing so, although such people indeed exist.Higher-ranked officers (sub-lieutenant and higher, up to Marshal — which is higher than a four-star General of Army and in Russia for the moment is the highest military rank possible in theory, although after numerous reforms of the Russian Army there are no Marshals left with the General of Army being the highest rank, the next is only the Supreme Commander, which, constitutionally, is the president of the Russian Federation. Throughout all history we had four men in Generalissimo rank: Alexander Suvorov, Mikhail Kutuzov, Joseph Stalin and Leonid Brezhnev, in the two latter cases those ranks were not field ranks, and with Brezhnev it was pure decoration) also have “Officer’s ID”, which can also be used as an official ID in many cases — but not civic acts like marriage/divorce, residential registration and employment/business contracts (a serviceman is employed by default).Technically all men and some women (including many, if not all, medical professionals regardless of gender) must have military ID, but practically that is not exactly compulsory: I, for example, being an able male, have no Military ID, only obsolete Conscript ID — but that is rather because I ditched not only conscription but actually almost all contacts with my local military office. Without the Military ID I can’t be a full-time employee of a government, a state-owned institution, and a non-foreign company that has more than 1000 employees (and thus must have its own military supervisor) — but I never had neither need nor desire to work there, I’m self-employed (and before that I worked in smaller collectives) — so the only case the army would want me is nationwide mobilization with martial law — and THAT is highly unlikely in the coming 6 years: I am 39 now, and after 45 non-military are de-listed from army ledgers regardless, and can only volunteer in case of all-out war, which did not happen since the World War II.How I ditched the army? Well, I was a full-time (sort of) student in 1999–2004, and then (I didn’t graduate formally, just abandoned the university after 4.5 years for various reasons) it was a classic no-show. Current laws do not allow that but in 2000s it was possible because of a legal loophole — which I exploited in earnest.If a young man who is already 18 but not yet 27 wants to get a passport for foreign travel — which is what “passport” is for the rest of the world except Russia, Belarus, Turkmenistan, partially (since 2016) Ukraine and (since 2019) Uzbekistan — one must provide a reference (which is practically a permit) from his local military office together with his internal passport, two passport-type 35×45mm color photographs on white background, and an application form.In Belarus, there is only one passport that is both a universal domestic ID and a passport for international travel. Previously Belarusians had a stamp in their passports that read “Can be used for foreign travel” but about ten or so years ago that practice was abandoned and Belarusian passport is now valid for foreign travel by default.In Ukraine, there was a similar system until 2016 with a Soviet-style passport (issued at 16, additional photos glued in at 25 and 45), which was inherited from the USSR, but since 2016 the country started transition to the European system of internal ID card and travel passport; previously issued passports are still valid.In Uzbekistan, until 2019 there was similar system too, and exit permits, but exit permits were abolished and two-passport system is now being gradually replaced with card+passport system.In Turkmenistan, the Soviet system remained intact: internal ID is a USSR-style passport book that is issued at the age of 16 with additional photographs glued in at the age of 25 and 45, and passport for foreign travel with exit permit that may be very tricky to obtain.Now, to the picture part. Here is my own passport with sensitive information masked. I got it to replace my previous one that I’ve got after my 20th birthday and which became so worn and torn for 17 years that it was not quite legal to use it.Passports are replaced: on 20th and 45th birthdays, after loss or serious damage (anything except allowed stamps and marks is a damage), upon name change.Last name change (including marriage/divorce/adoption — anytime upon application), first name change (usually happens with 20-year-olds), patronymic change (extremely rare, usually in case of adoption or upon very strongly motivated application backed by a crapload of paperwork) — that is done via ZAGS (civil registry). Since recently you don’t need to go specifically to ZAGS other than for marriage and divorce, as almost everything is now handled by “My Documents” MFC (multi-functional government service centers), at least in Moscow — and yes, the brand name of the MFC was directly influenced by Microsoft — specifically, My Documents folder in Windows, which is the most popular OS in Russia.The title spread (2nd page of cover with the view of Kremlin from the South-West and 1st page of booklet with the coat of arm) is universal for everyone and can be easily found online. It contains the title: PASSPORT OF A CITIZEN OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. The cover is universal, dark crimson leatherette with slight variations from batch to batch. “Foreign” passport is of a brigher shade of red and has the twin-headed eagle on a heraldic shield: like here below on the right but embossed.This is the most modern (as of June 2020) form of Russian internal passport with the main spread spread filled exemplary in rather neat dot matrix print.Here above is the main ID spread, and that is how you show your passport to anyone who wishes to see it for identity or age proof.Line by line translation:RUSSIAN FEDERATIONPassport issued by: HQ of MIA of RUSSIA in the C(ity) of MOSCOWDate of issue: XX.XX.2018. Detachment code: 770-XXX (detachment names change from time to time due to bureaucratic motions but codes are permanent since 1994 or so).The red stamp reads: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Stamp for the main document that confirms the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation at the territory of Russian Federation. 770-XXX. (and to the left from the eagle’s sceptre is the number of the stamp).Then goes the always-empty Personal Code field. Technically it is taxpayer’s number (INN) or social security (SNILS) number that would fit but the idea of a personal code met so fierce opposition by radical Orthodox Christian fundamentalists, very few but extremely vocal in all matters that religion has no place in (they quoted Revelations 13:16–17 — by the way, some most radical of them even refuse passports which is highly illegal, but Russia is vast and there are some places in Siberia and woods of Northern European Russia where such people supposedly live in their own private 17th century), that government decided to abandon the idea completely — but did not change the design and the layout of the passport.Red number is series and serial number.Then (masked) there are six digits of the passport serial number.Series and serial number together are what is called “passport number” in Russia because one makes no sense without the other.The third page is the MAIN PAGE with the photograph. This is the only laminated page of the passport, since 2008 it has a fancy hologram but initially some passports of the second generation (legally either generation is equal as long as the passport itself is valid) had bad lamination film that peeled off. One of my friends had such trouble and had to replace his passport much sooner than expected.Previously the passport photograph could be only black-and-white but after 2002 or so color photographs were also allowed, and since 2008 they are preferred. Also, in the first generation of Russian passport the photograph was 37×47 mm, but later the requirement was switched to standard European 35×45 mm.To the right from the photograph:Family (last) name: SOLOVEYFirst (given) name (may not coincide with the name Christian monks get after taking the veil, but ecclesiastical names have nothing to do with real names): IGNATPatronymic: ANDREEVICH (NB: patronymic is not the second name).Sex (male or female, no other options). Date of birth: DD.MM.YYYYPlace of birth. In my case it is just MOSCOW but people from smaller settlements have quite long strings there, like NNNN PLACE of NNNN DISTRICT of NNNN REGION. For example: пос. Бердигестях Горного улуса Республики Саха (Якутия).And again the number on the right.Below is the machine-readable stripe that wasn’t filled in the 1st generation passport. The transliteration is a horrendous creation of some obscure programmer in Internal Affairs who supposedly still is preoccupied with 1980s Soviet computers, but they managed to pull this disgusting madness into IATA standard. Luckily, in “foreign” passports transliteration is a bit more sensible, but just a bit. This year, when I replaced my “foreign” passport, I raised a little fuss because they tried to write my last name as Solovei instead of proper Solovey, but I won thanks to the clerk’s wit and assistance.Notably, there is no “entry number five” — ethnicity — in Russian passport, unlike all versions of Soviet passports (1932, 1947, 1974). It was decided in the 1990s to forfeit it to subdue nationalism and xenophobia. Legally (and mostly practically, although there are some xenophobic issues) if you are a Russian citizen, your ethnicity is of no consequence whatsoever. At that, there are people who are overly proud with their ethnicity and there is sort of a movement to return ethnicity into passport, quite notably both radical communists and some far right agree on that, but that will probably not happen in any foreseeable future.45 is the code of Moscow according to OKTMO. 77 is the code of Moscow according to the Constitution. Here is the cross-reference table of all regional code systems (in Russian).Constitutional codes are used in everything except passports and some other registries. Car plates, INN (taxpayer’s numbers), medical insurance policy numbers, etc., use constitutional codes.18 is the year of issue. My first passport had 97 there (although I’ve got it in January 1998, but it was the very-very first series of this type of Russian passport, and mine had a number within the first 5000, so I was an early adopter).With my first passport I got into a transition period, like many people in Russia did in many other cases in 1990s–2010s: when I turned 14, it was late 1995, the passport law was still Soviet (despite the USSR was officially dissolved on December 8, 1991, and practically on December 25, 1991), and Soviet passports were valid. In 1994 or so, newly-issued passports started to get Russian Federation inlay. I turned 16 in the late 1998 and next day after birthday rushed to the passport office to apply. I filled the form that presumed “transitional” passport — Soviet-style with Russia inlay… and waited. New passports were already widely advertised but there was a huge mess about it, delays, shortages and whatnot. My slightly older classmates got their “transitional” passports earlier. Yet, in about three weeks I’ve got a call from the passportist that I should re-apply for a new, all-Russian, passport, bring new photographs — and WAIT. So I waited. Finally, I have got my red-bound booklet in mid-January 1998 — and was, as I already told, among the first people in Russia with that. Notably so, police database that I had a sneak peek into, lists my first passport as issued in February 1997, which could not be.Technically it was (and is) sort of illegal to not have a passport for longer than 30 days after the the 14th, 20th, and 45th birthdays but, first, absolutely everyone knew about the passport havoc, and, second, no one in their right mind then would ask a schoolboy for a passport — birth certificate at most, that, quite obviously, has no photo in it — contrary to “foreign” passport that even babies must have… During a short, but eventful period in my life that I worked as an ID photographer, I did take pictures of babies for their passports several times, and sometimes do it now when my relatives, friends, or colleagues need quality ID photos of their babies — and that is a task. Luckily, no police or border control officer anywhere in the world is exactly picky about the angle and facial expression in this case. Ah, by the way — it is HIGHLY NOT RECOMMENDED to smile on ID photos in Russia… and, since 2005, in Canada, as I was told.Here, for comparison, is my previous (2001, 1st generation) passport, issued by a different passport office.Already neatly printed but the photograph is classic black-and-white and machine-readable stripe is clear. The rest, apart from the number and place of issue, is the same. I scanned it in 2009 or so not removing my custom cover, so you see some wear on it. Internal passports that are not valid anymore, are taken away from you by the passport office. Technically the passport is a government property, not the citizen’s. In 1998–2002 most passports were filled by more or less neat handwriting in black ink, dot matrix printers are used since about 2001.Here is (randomly googled) scan of the title spread of the first-gen passport, filled by hand in black ink. The empty personal code field is marked (on this scan, not in actual passport) with a red frame. This scan has no concealed information, contrary to mine, but it is not valid anymore anyway. My first passport looked like this. Here the guy is 15 years old, which happened a lot in 1998 and early 1999 with kids born in 1983 and early 1984.Below is the second spread (pages 4–5). Also very important: PLACE OF RESIDENCE. A.k.a. propiska. Officially it is “registration at the place of residence, permanent”, and not “propiska” since 1993 but the name stays, even in some semi-official paperwork.I confess, only once I have seen anyone’s passport with the page 4 filled — but the guy married and divorced so often that he ran out of space in all designated pages. This stamp is dot-matrix-printed, but probably all subsequent ones, if they ever happen, will be traditional rubber stamps with handwriting……like in my previous passport when I have got my current apartment from the city and moved (legally; practically I lived with my parents) from a very central but very decrepit location into a brand new block in the outskirts. Still South-East but quite nice area, especially compared to more recent projects. So here you see the registration stamp (there is no my parent’s address here because when I’ve got that — second — passport, I was registered in other place… exactly with the purpose of getting the new and better flat, even in less convenient location than a 20-minute walk from the Red Square within the Garden Ring. The stamps are registration, un-registration (smaller), and, on page 6, new registration (which is my current address).Pages 5 to 12 are dedicated to residential registration. Here again are pages from my current passport and you can see the difference: in 1–2-generation passports the number was printed in red on all pages by a special numbering machine, and in 3–4th-gen passport it is laser-perforated on pages 5 to 20. The pages are laser-punched in stack at specific power to avoid burning them, so in the end you’ll see that the perforation is much less prominent.Page 13 is dedicated to military service. Usually there is one stamp, two at most: registered with military, or non-draftable, and, sometimes, unregistered with military. Blank in my case because I ditched the army completely and they don’t care (see above). Military un-registration stamp usually doesn’t happen because the passport is replaced at the age of 45 which coincides with de-listing from military anyway.Here is how page 13 usually looks (here it is in the 1st generation passport). The stamp says: “Liable for military service”. Such stamp appears after the conscritoion service. In this case it is done with a dot matrix printer.Pages 14 and 15 are dedicated to marital status. I am single, had always been and probably will be, so in my case those are blank. Those who have information there have a stamp (either traditional or printed) stating that the civil a registry office (location) registered a marriage with other person, last name changed or not changed, when it happened. Often that stamp is followed by a similar divorce stamp and, not quite seldom, a new marriage stamp. Marriage and divorce cerificates are issued as well but they are rarely required in daily life, only for visa purposes sometimes, and and some complex paperwork. In the visa case originals are not always necessary because consulates are fine with copies or scans.Here is an example (randomly googled) of the filled marital status spread. The marriage stamp is printed because the girl supposedly turned 20 shortly after the marriage or lost her previous passport and, thus, replaced it. The divorce stamp is conventional. It is evident that the marriage lasted for only 8 months (not 9, because divorce application is filed in 30 days prior to the date of actual divorce… and it is a very common story in Russia, more than 50% of marriages end with divorce, especially among people under 25 — and that is one of the reasons I prefer not to engage myself in commercial wedding photography) and she did not change her last name.Pages 16–17 are about children. Again, empty in my case, but not only in my: it is not exactly required to list kids in your passport, and often only mothers are doing so, if at all. The table reads as the following:CHILDREN:Sex | Last name, first name, patronymic | Date of birth | Personal code (always empty for the reasons explained above). This table has space for six children at most but families with more than 1 or 2 children are quite rare, and even more rare are those with more than 3. But, again, it is not really necessary to fill that.Here is an example (randomly googled) of a (still) happy father holding both his and his wife’s passports, together with the birth certificate in the background, and the newborn’s name is put into both passports:Here is an example of a completely filled “Children” passport pages with six names. It is so unusual that it hit the news (hence the newspaper logo in the top right corner of the picture). The stamps are dated with one (and later) date because the passport was replaced for whatever reason and all the records were put afresh. This is, by the way, one of the last 1st-gen passports, judging by the date (pre-2008) and newer printer font.Then, the last spread. Pages 18–19 are designated for miscellaneous information: previous passport(s), “foreign” passports (as you can see, I have one previous listed and two “foreign”, and the most recent one is with a rubber stamp and handwriting. The date is March 20 but actually it happened on June 1, because the “foreign” passport itself was issued on March 20 and was delivered to my local MFC on April 3 — but between March 30 and May 31, 2020 government service offices were shut down completely because of the pandemic.There are two more bits of information that can be put on pages 18 or 19.One is the information of your blood group and Rh. Very few people bother to do it, I did not either (although I think, I can do it, even out of sheer professional curiosity).Here is a randomly googled example of the blood information on page 18 put in by a commercial lab……and by a government-owned public hospital:Blood information can be written in passport by any organization with medical license — public or private clinic or hospital, bioanalytical lab, blood transfusion station (like below). Police, civil registry, government offices or citizens themselves can’t do it, only medical professionals.Another piece is INN (taxpayer’s numer), that is done at the Tax Service office. Here is another googled example — and it seems that the guy was on a mission to fill his page 18 completely, as well as he did not bother to conceal his private information.Page 20 contains the excerpt from the Passport Statute. There is word РОССИЯ (RUSSIA) in the top brown stripe, visible under the angle (another way of protection)3rd page of cover is blank (in contains the state print shop mark and the year of design, this is a 2nd-gen passport). The back cover is plain leatherette.Russian internal passport, as of 2020, is valid to travel not only within Russia, but around five EAC countries: Belarus, Armenia (only when arriving via Yerevan and Gümri airports), Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan — but putting border crossing stamps in Russian passport voids it — and that was a constant source of annoyance generated by Ukrainian border guards who still put such stamps until about 2011 — later they mostly ceased to do it, and since 2015 Russian citizens can (barely) enter Ukraine only using their international passports.To finalize this answer, here is a scan of the ID page of my brand new international passport with sensitive info omitted. The first page is plastic and contains the biometric chip. The chip now holds a scan of color photograph I provided upon application, and data of two index fingers that conforms to ICAO standard, like in the EU — but not yet a retina scan. The black-and-white photograph is done in an automated booth at the passport office (that’s why the quality is rather poor) and laser-engraved at the factory where biometric travel passports are mass-produced. My lower signature is also engraved and is done digitally with a special tablet similar to artistic or rather the one you sign for your credit card payments sometimes. The chip is embedded under the globe with compass on the right, and that is covered with another photograph of me that is printed using different technology (looks like negative on a scan).Apart from citizen passport there are service passports for officials — those are used by government officials and those military who are eligible for business trips abroad, they have a dark blue cover; and diplomatic passports with green covers — and the latter sometimes confuses border control and security in places where they see conventional green passports (of Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Pakistan) much more often than Russian diplomatic ones.Talks that Russia should abandon internal passport in favor of plastic credit-card-size IDs are going on since about 2010, but practically it is still nowhere to be seen. Yet, current prime minister Mikhail Mishoustin is a former IT entrepreneur and a technophile (he was the man behind the IT reform of the Federal Tax Service that he ruled with an iron hand of a progressor in 2011–2019, and it is now much easier to deal with that authority online or in apps) — so recently he announced a “digital passport” mobile app (the idea met quite serious opposition, by IT professionals not in the least), and also that starting 2021 (maybe) a replacement of passport books with proper ID cards will commence. We’ll wait and see, but I think I’ll be among the first applicants when ID cards appear and it becomes possible for me personally.

Let us look at how corruption follows in our day to day life as one growsObtaining birth and death certificate.Admissions in school and colleges. Exceptions are there.anything to with Road Transport Organisation: driving license, to vehicle registration etc.Liquor licensing as part of a restaurant license see no of documents below. some of them involves greasing the palm.Documentary proof regarding the legal status of the restaurant or the hotel that is, whether it is a company, partnership firm, or any other type of setupWhether the restaurant or the hotel is in legal possession of the plotA certificate that validates the completion of the restaurant or the hotel buildingTrade License from the Local authority, that is, MCD/NDMC or such other authoritiesCertificate of registration of Eating house license issued by the DCP.Documentary proof regarding applicant being an Income Tax Assessment and Sales Tax-Assesse.A complete layout plan of the establishment, site plan of the license outlets and the liquor storesNOC from the state Fire Service5. Insurance claim in case of accidents where in police reporting is involved.6. Company registration: in case you are related to food then FSSAI; NOC from Metrology dept; AGMARK;7, Real estate like buying and selling house; building a house or an apartment; getting water connection.8. Getting a pass port “ police verification sometimes involves a bribe.9. If you get involved in traffic related issues then bribing comes handy.10. In rural areas availing subsidy from government schemes, land ownership, getting SC/ST certification, buying cattle, farm equipment etc requires payment of bribe. In fact rural exploitation by bribe takers is heavy.11. Financial scams by white collar gentry. Tt affects you directly if you are an investor. PMC,Yes Bank examples.12. Defence deals: If you are tax payer your money goes. (Rafale deal, although SC has cleared it. Doubts persist)13. Any infrastructure projects: Road building; irrigation; garden creation; lake cleaning etc.14.Resort Politics: A BJP endorsed corruption mechanism (e.g. Karnataka and MP, earlier Goa)The fact that politics offers the highest rate of return on investment proves the prevalence of corruption. Loksabha has 475 crorepathis MPs.New Lok Sabha has 475 crorepati MPs: ADRBig level scams may have been reduced. That is all.