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ETFs are very similar to widely owned mutual funds, which can be found in individual investor accounts, portfolios run by financial advisors, and retirement accounts like IRAs and 401(k)s. Most exchange traded funds, like mutual funds, are SEC-registered investment securities that provide investors with shares of a portfolio that's invested in stocks, bonds and/or other assets.ETFs are structured in the same way as mutual funds they're covered by the same regulatory requirements, said Rich Powers, head of ETF product management at Vanguard.They both issue prospectuses by law that lay out their investment objectives, investment methods, expenses and other information investors should know before investing.In the same way, ETFs also have boards of directors and officers who oversee how the funds are run. And they have third-party providers who handle the money for investors.Diversified Portfolios Reduce RiskBoth ETFs and mutual funds provide investors with diversification benefits as they can hold from hundreds to several thousand securities in one basket. Diversifying among many securities helps reduce the effect that a decline in one stock due to company-specific problems has on the entire portfolio.But exchange traded funds differ from their older siblings, mutual funds, in important ways. The mains ones are: ETFs trade throughout the day on exchanges; they're more transparent in terms of disclosure of holdings; they tend to track indexes like the S&P 500, Dow Jones industrial average and the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index. Because of that indexing they tend to cost less than actively managed mutual funds; and they're more tax efficient than actively traded mutual funds.ETFs Trade On Stock ExchangesAs their name indicates, exchange traded funds trade on exchanges. In contrast, investors buy mutual fund shares directly from mutual funds or through brokers acting on funds' behalf."The key difference is that ETFs trade on an exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq or the CBOE," Powers said.All-day trading. Since they trade on exchanges, you can buy and sell ETF shares throughout the trading day. With mutual funds, any order to buy or sell is executed at a price set only at the end of each day. This makes ETFs much more flexible and appealing to traders as well as those who appreciate the ability to get out of a falling market sooner rather than later.Lower cost. ETFs tend to cost less than mutual funds because the vast majority of them track an index like the S&P 500, Dow Jones industrial average or Nasdaq 100. In contrast, most mutual funds are actively managed by paid pros, which adds an extra layer of fees.Index-tracking results in a lower turnover and also reduces operating costs.In addition, ETFs offer more flexibility since there is no required minimum investment: Anyone can buy as few as one share of an ETF through their brokerage just like they would buy a stock.Transparency. Index-tracking ETFs publish their holdings each day so you know exactly what you're invested in. Actively managed mutual funds report their holdings every three months, and sometimes make big changes in their top holdings in the interim.Tax efficient. ETF investors also tend to see little or no distributions of taxable capital gains, which helps to lower tax bills in taxable accounts. Emerging market as well as inverse leveraged ETFs are exceptions because they carry greater potential for capital gains payouts.How Do ETFs Work?Arbitrage mechanism. ETFs work via a creation/redemption process. Because ETFs trade on exchanges, their prices can fluctuate based on supply and demand of the ETFs, which might not be the same as the supply and demand for the holdings of the ETFs. Thus the price of the ETF could rise above or fall below the net asset value (NAV) of the ETF's holdings. This happens with closed-end funds, whose prices often trade lower, or at a discount to their NAVs.The genius of ETFs is that they have a mechanism designed to keep the share price very close to its NAV. It's called the arbitrage mechanism.When an ETF sponsor, i.e. a fund manager or ETF issuer, wants to create new shares of an ETF to meet increasing market demand, it goes to an authorized participant (AP) who will then acquire the securities that the ETF wants to hold. Usually, APs are market makers or large financial institutions that trade on the exchanges.Once the AP has bought the shares in the same proportion as the underlying index, it will deliver those to the ETF sponsor in exchange for an equivalent value in ETF shares called creation units (their net asset value or NAV). These creation units are formed in blocks of 50,000 or 100,000 shares. The AP or market maker can then resell those shares to investors who want to buy the ETF.The redemption process works in reverse. When an ETF sponsor wants to reduce the number of ETF shares on the market, the AP will buy those ETF shares in the market and deliver them back to the sponsor in exchange for the same value in underlying securities.This process is also known as ETF primary trading. However, over 90% of ETF trading happens in the secondary market. This makes ETFs very liquid instruments, with investors having the ability to buy and sell when they want, even in tough market conditions such as the 2008 financial crisis, notes Matthew Bartolini, head of SPDR Americas research at State Street Global Advisors.All the best !!!

Accounting Standards are written policy documents issued by expert accounting body or by the government or other regulatory body covering the aspects of recognition, measurement, treatment, presentation, and disclosure of accounting transactions in financial statements..Classification of EnterprisesThe enterprises are classified and labeled as Level I, Level II and Level III companies. Based on this classification and the category in which they fall the Accounting standards are applicable to the enterprisesLevel I EnterprisesEnterprises which fall under any one or more category below mentioned are termed as Level I CompaniesEnterprises whose equity or debt securities are listed whether in India or outside IndiaEnterprises which are in the process of listing their equity or debt securities. Board of directors’ resolution must be available as an evidenceBanks including co-operative banksFinancial institutionsEnterprises carrying on insurance businessAll commercial, industrial and business reporting enterprises, whose turnover not including ‘other income’ for the immediately preceding accounting period on the basis of audited financial statements exceeds Rs. 50 croreAll commercial, industrial and business reporting enterprises having borrowings, including public deposits, in excess of Rs. 10 crores at any time during the accounting periodHolding and subsidiary enterprises of any one of the above at any time during the accounting periodLevel II EnterprisesEnterprises which fall under any one or more category below mentioned are termed as Level II CompaniesAll commercial, industrial and business reporting enterprises, whose turnover (excluding ‘other income’) for the immediately preceding accounting period on the basis of audited financial statements is greater than Rs. 40 lakhs but less than Rs. 50 croreAll commercial, industrial and business reporting enterprises having borrowings, including public deposits, is greater Rs. 1 crore but less than Rs. 10 crores at any time during the accounting periodHolding and subsidiary enterprises of any one of the above at any time during the accounting periodLevel III Enterprises:Enterprises which do not fall under Level I and Level II, are considered as Level III enterprisesDetailed Explanation !AS 1 – Disclosure of Accounting PoliciesIntroductionThe information presented in the financial statements of an organisation is of its financial position. The profit or loss can be affected to a large degree by the accounting policies followed. The accounting policies followed vary from organisation to organisation. It is important to disclose significant accounting policies followed to make the financial statements understandable. The disclosure is required by law in certain cases.In recent years, organisations in India have adopted the practice of including a separate statement of accounting policies followed in their annual reports to shareholders.Fundamental Accounting AssumptionsCertain assumptions are used in the preparation of financial statements. They are usually not specifically stated because they are assumed to be followed. Disclosure is necessary only if they are not followed.The following have been generally accepted as fundamental accounting assumptions:Going ConcernThe organisation is normally viewed as a going concern, that is to say, it will be in continuing operations for the foreseeable future. It is assumed that the organisation has neither the intention, nor the necessity of shutting down or reducing the scale of operations.ConsistencyIt is assumed that accounting policies are consistently followed from one period to another. No frequent changes are expected.AccrualRevenues and costs are recorded when they are earned or incurred (and not as money is received or paid) in the periods to which they relate.Nature of Accounting PoliciesAccounting policies refer to accounting principles and the methods of applying these principles adopted by the organisation in the preparation of their financial statements.There is no single list of accounting policies which are applicable in all circumstances. The different circumstances in which organisations operate make alternative accounting principles acceptable. The choice of the appropriate accounting principles calls for a large degree of judgement by the management of the organisation.The various standards of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, combined with the efforts of the Government and other regulatory agencies have reduced the number of acceptable alternatives in recent years, particularly in case of corporates. While continuing efforts in this regard in the future are likely to reduce the number still further, the availability of alternative accounting principles is not likely to be eliminated altogether keeping in mind the different circumstances faced by the organisations.Areas in which differing Accounting Policies are possibleThe following are examples of areas in which different accounting policies may be adopted by organisations.Methods of depreciation, depletion and amortisationTreatment of expenditure during constructionConversion or translation of foreign currency itemsValuation of inventoriesTreatment of goodwillValuation of investmentsTreatment of retirement benefitsRecognition of profit on long-term contractsValuation of fixed assetsTreatment of contingent liabilitiesThe above list of examples is not exhaustive.Considerations in the Selection of Accounting PoliciesThe primary consideration in the selection of accounting policies by an organisation is that the financial statements should represent a true and fair picture of the financial position for the period.For this purpose, the major considerations governing the selection and application of accounting policies are:PrudenceIn view of the uncertainty of future events, profits are not anticipated but recognised only when earned, though not necessarily in cash. However, provision is made for all known liabilities and losses even though the amount cannot be determined with certainty and represents only an estimate.Substance over FormThe accounting treatment and presentation of transactions and events in financial statements should be governed by their substance and not merely by the legal form.MaterialityFinancial statements should disclose all “material” items, i.e. items, the knowledge of which might influence the decisions of the user of the financial statements.Disclosure of Accounting PoliciesTo ensure proper understanding of financial statements, it is necessary that all significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation and presentation of financial statements must be disclosed.Such disclosure should form part of the financial statements.It would be helpful to the reader of financial statements if they are all disclosed in one place instead of being scattered over several statements, schedules and notes.Any change in an accounting policy which has a significant effect should be disclosed. The amount by which any item in the financial statements is affected by such change should also be disclosed to the extent it can be calculated. Where such amount is not ascertainable, wholly or in part, the fact should be disclosed. If a change is made in the accounting policies which has no material effect on the financial statements for the current period but is expected to have a material effect in later periods, the fact of such change should be appropriately disclosed in the period in which the change is adopted.Disclosure of accounting policies or of the changes is not a remedy for any wrong or inappropriate treatment of items in the accounts.Points to rememberAll significant accounting policies used in the preparation and presentation of financial statements should be disclosed.The disclosure should form part of the financial statements, normally in one place.Any change in the accounting policies which has a material effect in the current period or is expected to have a material effect in later periods should be disclosed.In case of a change in accounting policies which has a material effect in the current period, the amount by which any item in the financial statements is affected should also be disclosed to the extent it can be calculated. Where such amount is not ascertainable, wholly or in part, the fact should be indicated.If the fundamental accounting assumptions of Going Concern, Consistency and Accrual are followed in financial statements, specific disclosure is not required. If a fundamental accounting assumption is not followed, the fact should be disclosed.AS 2 – Valuation of InventoriesValuation of InventoriesThis Standard should be applied in accounting for all inventories except the following :(a) work in progress in the construction business, including directly related service contracts(b) work in progress of service business (consulting, banking etc)(c) shares, debentures and other financial instruments held as stock in trade(d) Inventories like livestock, agricultural and forest products, mineral oils etc These inventories are valued at net realizable valueDefinitionI. Definition of the Inventory includes the following:A. Held for sale in the normal course of business i.e finished goodsB. Goods which are in the production process i.e work in progressC. Raw materials which are consumed during production process or rendering of services (including consumable stores item)II. Net Realisable Value (NRV):“Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale”Valuation of InventoriesInventories should be valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Following are the steps for valuation of inventories:A. Determine the cost of inventoriesB. Determine the net realizable value of inventoriesC. On Comparison between the cost and net realizable value, the lower of the two is considered as the value of inventory. A comparison can be made the item by item or by the group of items.(Refer Case studies given at the end of the article)Let’s discuss the important items of Inventory valuation in detail:A. Cost of InventoriesThe cost of inventories includes the followingi) Purchase costii) Conversion costiii) Other costs which are incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.B. Cost of PurchaseWhile determining the purchase cost, the following should be considered:i) Purchase cost of the inventory includes duties and taxes (except those which are subsequently recoverable from the taxing authorities)ii) Freight inwardsiii) Other expenditure which is directly attributable to the purchaseiv) Trade discounts, rebates, duty drawbacks and other similar items are deducted in determining the costs of purchaseC. Cost of ConversionCost of conversion includes all cost incurred during the production process to complete the raw materials into finished goods.Cost of conversion also includes a systematic allocation of fixed and variable overheads incurred by the enterprise during the production process.Following are the categories of conversion cost:I. Direct CostAll the cost directly related to the unit of production such as direct laborII. Fixed Overhead CostFixed overheads are those indirect costs which are incurred by the enterprise irrespective of production volume. These are the cost that remains relatively constant regardless of the volume of production, such as depreciation, building maintenance cost, administration cost etc.The allocation of fixed production overheads is based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. In case of low production or idle plant allocation of these fixed overheads are not increased consequently.III. Variable Overhead CostVariable overheads are those indirect costs of production that vary directly with the volume of production. These are the cost that will be incurred based on the actual production volume such as packing materials and indirect labor.D. Other CostAll the other cost which are incurred in bringing the inventories to the current location and condition. For (eg) design cost which is incurred for the specific customer order.If there are by-products during the production of main products, their cost has to be separately identified. If they are not separately identifiable, then allocation can be made on the relative sale value of the main product and the by-product.Some of the cost which should not be included are:a. Cost of any abnormal waste materials costb. Selling and distribution cost unless those costs are necessary for the production processc. A normal loss which occurs during the production process is apportioned over the remaining no of units and abnormal loss is treated as an expense(Refer Case studies given at the end of the article)Methods of Inventory ValuationThe cost of inventories of items which can be segregated for specific projects should be assigned by specific identification of their individual costs (Specific identification method).All other items cost should be assigned by using the first-in, first-out (FIFO), or weighted average cost (WAC) formula. The formula used should reflect the fairest possible approximation to the cost incurred in bringing the items of inventory to their present location and condition.However, when it is difficult to calculate the cost using above methods, Standard cost and Retail cost can be used if the results approximate the actual cost.Accounting DisclosureThe following should be disclosed in the financial statements:Accounting policy adopted in inventory measurementCost formula usedClassification of the of inventory such as finished goods, raw material & WIP and stores and spares etcCarrying amount of inventories carried at fair value less sale costAmount of inventories recognized as expense during the periodAmount of any write-down of inventories recognized as an expense and its subsequent reversal if any.AS 3 – Cash Flow Statements1. Applicability of AS 3 Cash Flow StatementsThe applicability of Cash flow statement has been defined under the Companies Act, 2013. As per the definition in the act, a financial statement includes the following:i. Balance sheetii. Profit and loss account / Income and expenditure accountiii. Cash flow statementiv. Statement of changes in equityv. Explanatory notesThus, cash flow statements are to be prepared by all companies but the act also specifies a certain category of companies which are exempted from preparing the same. Such companies are One Person Company (OPC), Small Company and Dormant Company.♦ OPC means a company which has only one single person as its member.♦ A Small Company is a private company with a maximum paid up capital of Rs. 50 lakhs and a maximum turnover of Rs. 2 crores.♦ A Dormant Company is an inactive company which is formed for some future projects or only to hold an asset and has no significant transactions.2. Cash and Cash EquivalentsCash equivalents are held by an enterprise for meeting its short-term cash commitments instead of the purpose of investment or such other purposes. For investments to qualify as cash equivalents:1. An investment must be easily convertible into cash and2. Must be subject to a very low level of risk with respect to changes in its valueHence, an investment would qualify to be a cash equivalent only when such an investment has a short maturity of three months or less from its acquisition date.AS 3 Cash Flow Statements states that cash flows should exclude the movements between items which forms part of cash or cash equivalents as these are part of an enterprise’s cash management rather than its operating, financing and investing activities.Cash management consists of the investment of excess cash in the cash equivalents.3. Presentation of Cash FlowA cash flow statement must depict the cash flows within the period classifying them asA. Operating activitiesB. InvestingC. Financing activitiesCompanies must prepare and present cash flows from operating, financing as well as investing activities in such manner that is apt to their business.Grouping the activities provide information which enables the users in assessing the impact of such activities on the overall financial position of an enterprise and also assess the value of the cash and cash equivalents.A. Operating ActivitiesCash flows from operating activities predominantly result from the main revenue-generating activities of an enterprise.For example:(i) Cash received from the sale of goods and services(ii) Cash received in form of fees, royalties, commissions and various other revenue forms(iii) Cash paid to a supplier of goods and servicesB. Investing ActivitiesCash flows from investing activities represent outflows are made for resources intended for generating cash flows and future income.For instance:(i) Cash paid for acquiring fixed assets(ii) Cash received from disposal of fixed assets (including intangibles)(iii) Cash paid for acquiring shares, warrants or debt instruments of other companies and interests in JVsC. Financing ActivitiesFinancing activities are those which brings changes in composition and size of owner’s capital and borrowings of an enterprise.For instance:(i) Cash received from issuing shares or other similar securities(ii) Cash received from issuing loans, debentures, bonds, notes, and other short-term or long-term borrowings(iii) Cash repaid on borrowings4. Cash flow from operating activitiesA company must report its cash flows from operating activities using:1. Direct method – Where all the major classes of cash receipts and cash payments are presented; or2. Indirect method – Where the net profit or net loss is adjusted for:a) Effects of transactions that are non-cash in nature such as depreciation, deferred taxes, provisions, etc.b) Accruals or deferrals of future or past operating cash proceeds or paymentsc) Any expense or income related to financing or investing cash flows5. Cash Flow from Investing and Financing ActivitiesA company must separately record all the major classes of cash receipts and cash payments which arises from financing and investing activities, barring the ones which need to be reported on the net basis.A. Cash flow on Net BasisCash flows which arise from below-mentioned operating, financing or investing activities might be reported on a net basis:(i) Proceeds and payments in cash on behalf of a client where cash flows reflect the activities of such client rather than that of the company itself(ii) Proceeds and payments in cash for items where the amounts are huge, turnover is quick, and maturities are shortCash flows which arise from each of the below-mentioned activities of any financial enterprise might be reported on the net basis:(i) Proceeds and payments in cash for acceptances and repayments of deposits having fixed maturities(ii) Placement and withdrawal of deposits from other financial enterprises(iii) Loans and cash advances are given to clients/customers and repayment of such loans and advancesB. Foreign Currency Cash FlowsCash flows that arise from the transactions in the foreign currencies must be recorded in the company’s reporting currency by using the below method:Foreign currency amount * FX rates between the reporting and foreign currency at the date of cash flow.A rate which approximates actual rate might be used in case the outcome is largely the same as it would have been if the rate at the date of cash flows was used.The impact of changes in the exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents which is held in the foreign currencies must be reported as a distinct and separate part of the reconciliation of changes in the cash and cash equivalent during the relevant period.6. Extraordinary Items, Dividends & InterestsThe cash flows related to the extraordinary items must be categorized as arising from operating, financing or investing activities as apt and disclosed distinctly.Cash flows from dividends and interest received and paid must be separately disclosed. Cash flows which arise from dividends and interest received and paid in the case of financial enterprises must be categorized as cash flows from operating activities.For other enterprises, cash flows which arise from interest paid must be categorized as cash flows from the financing activities whereas dividends and interest received must be categorized as cash flows from the investing activities. Any dividends paid must be categorized as cash flows from the financing activities.7. Taxes on IncomeCash flows which arise from taxes on income must be disclosed separately and must be reported as cash flows from the operating activities except if they could be explicitly related to investing and financing activities.8. Acquisitions and Disposal of Business Units including SubsidiariesThe aggregate cash flows which arise from acquisition and from the disposal of business units including subsidiaries must be shown as investing activities and reported separately.Enterprises must present, in total, with respect to both the acquisitions and disposals of other business units including subsidiaries within the period the followings:(a) Aggregate purchase or disposal value(b) The amount of purchase or disposal value which is discharged by way of cash and cash equivalents9. Non-Cash TransactionsFinancing and investing transactions which don’t require cash or cash equivalents mustn’t be included in the cash flow statement. Those transactions must be presented elsewhere in financial statements in a way which gives relevant information about such financing and investing activities.10. DisclosureEnterprises must disclose, along with management commentary, the amount of substantial cash and cash equivalents held by an enterprise which isn’t available for use.Commitments that may arise from discounted bills of exchange and other similar obligations that are undertaken by an enterprise are typically disclosed in financial statements by means of notes, even in case the probability of loss is remote.AS 4 Contingencies and Events Occurring After the Balance Sheet DateApplicability of AS 4 Contingencies and Events Occurring After the Balance Sheet DateAS 4 deals with treatment in the financial statements of:(A) contingencies(B) events which occur after balance sheet dateThe followings that might result in the contingencies are excluded from the scope of AS 4 bearing in mind special considerations which are applicable to them:(a) liabilities of general insurance enterprises and life assurance which arises from the insurance policies issued(b) commitments which arise from a long-term lease contract(c) obligations under a retirement benefit planDefinitions1. ContingencyContingencies are situations or conditions, the eventual outcome of which, profit or loss, would be determined or known only on happening, or non- happening, of an uncertain future event(s).2. Events occurring after the balance sheet dateThese are those noteworthy events, favorable as well as unfavorable, which occurs between balance sheet date and date on which such financial statements are considered and approved by the BoD (Board of Directors) in case of companies, and, by equivalent approving authorities in the of other entities.There are two kinds of events that could be identified:i. Events that gives further evidence of situations which subsisted at balance sheet dateii. Events that are indicative of situations which occurred following balance sheet date.Accounting Treatment of Contingent LossesFor a contingent loss, the accounting treatment is determined by likely outcome of such contingency. In case it’s likely that such contingency would result in the loss of the business, then it’s prudent to account for such loss in the enterprise’s financial statements.In case there is insufficient or conflicting evidence for assessing the value of the contingent loss, then the disclosure in financial statements is provided for the nature and existence of the contingency. Obligations which might arise from the discounted bills of exchange and such similar obligations which are undertaken by the enterprise are usually disclosed in the financial statements by way of notes, even if the possibility of loss is remote.Accounting Treatment of Contingent GainsA Contingent gain isn’t recognized in the financial statements as their recognition could result in recognition of revenue that might never be realized. When the realization of gain is certain and not contingent anymore, the gain can be accounted in the books of accounts.Determination of the amount of contingencyThe value at which contingencies are stated in financial statements depends on the information that is available on a date when the financial statements are considered and approved.Events which occurs after balance sheet date which suggest that the asset might have been impaired, or a liability might have existed, at balance sheet date are, hence, taken into consideration in recognizing the contingencies and determining the value at which the contingencies are included in the financial statementsEvents Occurring after the Balance Sheet DateEvents that occur between balance sheet date and date on which these are approved, might suggest the requirement for an adjustment(s) to the assets and the liabilities as at balance sheet date or might need disclosure.(a) Adjusting Events: Adjustments are required to assets and liabilities for events which occur after balance sheet date which offer added information substantially affecting the determination of the amounts which relates to the conditions that existed at balance sheet date.(b) Non-Adjusting Events: Adjustments aren’t required to assets and liabilities for events which occur after balance sheet date, in case such events don’t relate to the conditions which existed at balance sheet date.There’re events which, though occurring after balance sheet date, are sometimes presented in financial statements because of their special nature or due to statutory requirements.DisclosureAccording to AS 4, disclosure requirements would be applicable only with respect to such contingency or event that affect financial position to a substantial extent.A. In case the contingent loss isn’t provided for, an estimate of the financial impact and nature of such loss are usually disclosed through notes unless the probability of such loss is remoteB. In case a reliable estimation of financial impact cannot be arrived at, this fact needs to be disclosedC. When events that occur after the balance sheet date are disclosed in the report of approving authority, information provided includes nature of events and the estimate of their financial impacts or the statement that such estimates cannot be arrived at..AS 5 Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies1. IntroductionAS 5 specifies the method of classification and disclosure for the following items:a. Prior period itemsb. Extraordinary itemsc. Certain specific items w.r.t. profit and loss from ordinary activitiesThe standard also describes the treatment of changes in accounting estimates and disclosures to be made on account of such changes.The standard doesn’t deal with tax implication on account of such changes as mentioned above.2. ApplicationWhy apply – Applying this standard helps in comparison of financial statements among various enterprises. Also, the financial statements of different enterprises can be compared over time when the standard is applied properly.3. Insight Into the Standard GuidelinesThe standard particularly deals with following four specific items:I. Net Profit or Loss for the PeriodII. Prior Period ItemsIII. Changes in Accounting EstimatesIV. Changes in Accounting Policies3.I. Net Profit or Loss for the PeriodTwo broad categories of net profit and loss for the period are Profit or loss from ordinary activities and Profit or loss from extraordinary activities.Profit or loss from ordinary activities is such which arise in the normal course of business. These activities are a part of business and related activities. Examples: Profit/loss on sale of goods, services.The transactions and results under this category are shown as usual items in the financial statements for the accounting period.Profit or loss from extraordinary activities is such which do not arise under the normal course of business. These activities do not occur regularly. Example: – Profit on sale of fixed assets, Loss due to theft.The transactions and results under this category are to be disclosed separately in financial statements. The disclosure should be in a manner which clearly shows the effect on overall profits/losses due to these activities.The standard also specifies that if the results of any activity are substantial on the overall performance of the enterprise, then it should be disclosed separately in financial statements as a separate head. Example: – Fixed assets disposal, Restructuring of activities, Settlement of litigations.3.II. Prior Period ItemsWhile preparing the financial statements, there are certain items which actually correspond to prior accounting periods. The income or losses due to these items are a result of error or omission in the financial statements of the prior period. By nature, these items are not frequent and can be easily identified.The current period’s financial statements should clearly show the effect of such prior period items.3.III. Changes in Accounting EstimatesThere are certain estimates which are used while preparing the financial statements for any period. For example estimate on the useful life of a machinery, estimate on the realizable value of an item in inventory.At times, these estimates are required to be revised due to any of the following reasons (inclusive list):i. Change in circumstancesii. New informationiii. Subsequent developmentsiv. ExperienceThe effect of such change in estimates is to be taken into account while preparing financial statements. If the change in estimate affects ordinary activities, it is disclosed under ordinary activities other under extraordinary activities.3.IV. Changes in Accounting PoliciesAccounting policies are the accounting principles and method of applying those principles while preparing the financial statements.A change in accounting policy should be undertaken only in two cases:i. If the change is required by law or accounting standard; orii. If the change helps in better presentation of financial statementsAny change in an accounting policy which has a substantial/material effect has to be disclosed necessarily. The impact of such change should also be shown in financial statements. If the impact can’t be assessed, this fact should also be disclosed.AS 6 Depreciation Accounting has been removedAS 7 – Construction ContractsAS 7 Construction Contract describes and lays out the accounting treatment in respect of the revenue and costs in relation to a construction contract. AS 7 Construction Contract is to be used in for the accounting of construction contracts in the financial statements of the contractors.1. Types of ContractsA Construction Contract is any contract which is entered into specifically for construction of an asset or a combination of assets that are closely inter-linked or inter-dependent w.r.t. their technology/design/function or the nature of their ultimate purpose or use.A. Fixed Price ContractA contract in which the contractor agrees to a fixed contract price. In some cases, there may be an element of cost escalation clause in the contract which is mutually agreed to between the parties.For example, the parties agree to include a clause in the contract for adjusting the Contract price on the basis of an increase in the cost of raw materials.B. Cost-plus ContractA contract in which the contractor is reimbursed for costs incurred or agreed costs, plus a percentage of these costs of a fixed fee.2. Combining and Segmenting of Construction ContractsI. Combining of Construction contracts – A group of contracts, either with one or more customers, shall be considered as a single construction contract when all the contracts are negotiated as a single package, are inter-linked and form part of a single project and are performed in a continuous sequence. For example, a contract for construction of three similar buildings (similar in all aspects) on a single plot negotiated all at once.II. Segmenting of Construction contracts – Where a contract includes more than one asset, the construction of each asset should be treated as a separate construction contract when separate proposals have been given for each asset, each asset has been separately negotiated and the costs and revenues of each asset can be identified separately.For example, a contract for construction of three different buildings on the same plot with different specifications and each building is separately negotiated with the contractor.3. Revenue from a ContractThe revenue from a contract includes the following to the extent it is probable of generating revenue and is measurable:i. The initial amount of revenue agreed in the contract;ii. Claims and incentives on account of variations in contract work;4. Costs of a ContractThe cost of a contract includes the following:i. Directly related costs that to the specific contractii. Costs which are generally attributable and allocated to the contract activitiesiii. Other costs which are specifically chargeable to the customer under the terms of the contract5. Recognition of Revenue and Cost from a ContractWhere the result or outcome of any contract for construction can be projected, the related contract revenue and contract costs shall be recognized by taking into account the stage of completion of such contract. Expected losses shall be recognized immediately as expenses.I. In case of a fixed price contract, the outcome can be estimated in a reliable manner when all the following conditions are satisfied:i. The entire revenue from a contract can be reliably measuredii. It is apparent that the economic benefits of such contract will flow to the organizationiii. Both contract costs and stage of completion can be measurediv. Contract costs can be clearly identified for a comparison between actual costs and prior estimatesII. In case of a cost-plus contract, the outcome can be estimated in a reliable manner when all the following conditions are satisfied:i. It is probable that economic benefits of the contract will flow to the organizationii. Contract costs attributable to the contract can be identified and measured clearlyIII. Percentage of completion method – This method defines the recognition of revenue and cost taking into account the stage of completion of a contract. Under this method, revenue and cost are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the accounting periods in which the work is performed.IV. Contract work-in-progress – A contractor may incur costs that relate to future activity in a contract. Such costs are recognized as an asset if it is probable that they will be recovered.6. Determination of the stage of completionThe stage of completion of a contract may be determined in different ways. Depending on the nature of the contract, the methods may include:I. The proportion of contract cost incurred w.r.t. the total estimated cost of contract; (for example: if the total cost of the contract is Rs. 30 lakhs and the cost incurred till date is Rs. 15 lakhs, the stage of completion is regarded as 50% complete i.e. 15 lakhs / 30 lakhs)II. Surveys of work performed; (for example: in a contract for construction of a bridge, the site inspector can do a survey and with regards to the technicalities of the project, inform how much work has been completed)III. Completion of a physical proportion of contract work (for example: in a contract for construction of a five storey building, if three stories are complete, the stage of completion for the same is regarded as 60% i.e. 3 stories/5 stories)When the outcome of a construction contract cannot be estimated, the revenue and cost should be recognized only to the extent of contract costs incurred whose recovery is probable.7. Recognition of Expected LossesIn a situation where it is expected that the total contract costs will exceed total revenue from such contract, the expected losses should be immediately recognized as expenses. The number of such losses shall be determined irrespective of the following:i. The work has commenced on the contract or notii. The stage of completioniii. The number of profits expected to arise on other contracts which are segmented as explained above8. Disclosures required in financial statementsAn organization should disclose:i. Contract revenue recognized during the accounting periodii. The methods used to determine the contract revenue recognized in the periodiii. The methods used to determine the stage of completion of contracts in progressFollowing disclosures w.r.t. contracts in progress shall also be given at the reporting date:i. An aggregate cost incurred and net profits recognizedii. The amount received as advancesiii. The amount kept retentionsNote:Advances are amounts received by the contractor before the related work is performed.Retention is such amounts which are paid only after satisfying the conditions specified in the contract for payment of such amounts.An organization should present:i. The gross amount due from customers for contract work as an asset;ii. The gross amount due to customers for contract work as a liability.AS 9 Revenue Recognitions per the AS 9 Revenue Recognition issued by ICAI “Revenue is the gross inflow of cash, receivables or other consideration arising in the course of the ordinary activities of an enterprise from the sale of goods, rendering of services & from various other sources like interest, royalties & dividends”.Introduction of AS 9 Revenue RecognitionRevenue has to be measured by the amount charged to the clients for the sale of goods and services.However, in the case of the agency relationship, the revenue has to be measured by the amount charged for commission and not on the gross inflow of the cash, receivables or other consideration.There are few exceptions to the above-mentioned statement where the special consideration applies: –Revenue arising from Construction ContractsRevenue arising from hire-purchase, lease agreementsRevenue arising from government grants and other similar subsidiesRevenue of Insurance companies arising from insurance contractsApplicability of AS 9 Revenue RecognitionThis standard was issued by ICAI in the year 1985 and in the initial years, it was re-commendatory for only Level I enterprises and but was made mandatory for all other enterprises from April 01, 1993.As per ICAI, “Enterprise means a company as defined in section 3 of the Companies Act, 1956”.Level I enterprises are those enterprises whose turnover for the immediately preceding accounting year exceeds 50 crores. The turnover here does not include other income and is applicable for holding as well as subsidiary companies.ExplanationRevenue recognition emphasizes on the timing of recognition of revenue in the statement of profit and loss of an enterpriseThe amount of revenue arising from a transaction is usually determined by an agreement between the parties involved in the transactionWhen uncertainties arise regarding the determination of the amount or its associated costs, these uncertainties may influence the timing of the revenueA. Sale of GoodsOne key element for determining the recognition of revenue of a transaction involving the sale of goods is that the seller has transferred the property in the goods to the buyer for a consideration. In most cases, the transfer of property in the goods results in the transfer of the significant risks and rewards in ownership of the goods.However, there are situations where the transfer of significant risks doesn’t coincide with the transfer of goods to the buyer, in such cases revenue has to be recognized at the time of transfer of significant risks and rewards to the buyer. Example: Goods sent to the consignee on approval basis.There are certain cases in the specific industry where the performance may be substantially complete prior to the execution of the transaction generating revenue.In such cases, when the sale is assured under government guarantee or a forward contract or where the market exists and there is a negligible risk of failure to sell, the goods involved are often valued at the net realizable value (NRV).Such amounts are not defined in the definition of the revenue but are still sometimes recognized in the statement of profit and loss. Example: Harvesting of Agricultural Crops or extraction of mineral ores.B. Rendering of ServicesRevenue recognition of services depends as the service is performed. This is further divided into two ways:(a) Proportionate Completion Method: This method of accounting recognizes revenue in the statement of profit & loss proportionately with the degree of completion of each service.Here the service completion consists of the execution of more than one act. Revenue is recognized with the completion of each such act.(b) Completed Service Contract Method: This method of accounting recognizes revenue in the statement of profit & loss only when the rendering of services under a contract is completed or substantially completed.C. Interest, royalties & dividendsThe use by others of such enterprise resources gives rise to:(i) Interest: Revenue is recognized on the time proportion basis after taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.For Example: If the interest on FD is due on 30th June and 31st Dec. On 31st March when the books will be closed, though the interest for the period of Jan-March will be received in June, still we have to recognize the revenue in March itself.(ii) Royalties: Royalty includes the charge for the use of patents, know-how, trademarks, and copyrights. Revenue has to be recognized on the basis of accrual basis and in accordance with the relevant agreement.For Example: If the royalty is payable based on the number of copies of the book, then it has to be recognized on that basis only.(iii) Dividends: Revenue has to be recognized when the owner’s right to receive payment is established. It is only certain when the company declare the dividends on the shares and the directors actually decide to pay the dividends to their shareholders.AS 10 Property, Plant and EquipmentApplicability of AS 10 Property, Plant and EquipmentAS 10 is to be applied in accounting for property, P&E (Plant and Equipment) and this standard are not applicable to:(a) biological assets which are related to agricultural activities except for bearer plants. The Standard is applicable to bearer plants, however, it doesn’t apply to the produce on bearer plants; and(b) wasting assets which include mineral rights, expenses related to exploration for and extraction of oil, minerals, natural gas and other non-regenerative resources.Recognition of Asset under AS 10 Property, Plant and EquipmentThe cost of property and P&E should be recognized as an asset only if:(i) it is apparent that the future economic benefits related to such asset would flow to the business; and(ii) the cost of such asset could be reliably measured.Measurement of cost of the assetAn enterprise can select the revaluation model or the cost model as the accounting policy and employ the same to the entire class of its properties and P&E. According to the cost model, after recognizing the asset as an item of property or plant and equipment, it should be carried at the cost less the accumulated depreciation and the accumulated impairment losses (if any). As per revaluation model, once the asset is recognized and its fair value could be measured reliably, then it must be carried at the revalued amount, which is the fair value of such asset at the date of the revaluation as reduced any following accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses (if any). Revaluations must be done at regular intervals for ensuring that the carrying amount doesn’t differ much from that which would be determined using the fair value at balance sheet date.Depreciation under AS 10 Property, Plant and EquipmentAs per the standard, depreciation charge for every period must be recognized in the P/L Statement unless it’s included in carrying the amount of any another asset. Depreciable amount of any asset should be allocated on a methodical basis over the useful life of the asset.Every part of property or P&E (Plant and Equipment) whose cost is substantial with respect to the overall cost of the item must be depreciated separately.The standard also prescribes, that the residual value and useful life of an asset must be reviewed at the end of each financial year and, in case the expectations vary from the previous estimates, changes must be accounted for as changes in accounting estimate as per Accounting Standard 5 – Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies.The method of depreciation employed must reflect the pattern of future economic benefits of the asset consumed by an enterprise. Various depreciation methods could be used for allocating the depreciable amount of an asset on a methodical basis over the useful life of the asset. The methods include SLM (Straight-line Method), diminishing balance method or units of production method.AS 11 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange RatesBusinesses might be involved in foreign exchange related transactions in a couple of ways. To include foreign operations and foreign currency transactions in their financial statements, the transactions should be expressed and reported in financial statements in the reporting currency of the enterprise.Applicability of AS 11 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange RatesThe standard deals with the principal issue with respect to accounting for foreign operations and foreign currency transactions in deciding which exchange rate to be used and a guidance on recognizing the financial effect of changes in exchange rates in the financial statements.The standard also deals with transactions in foreign currency which are in the nature of forwarding exchange contractsThis standard doesn’t specify the currency in which companies represent their books of accounts. Though, a company usually uses the domiciled country’s currency. In case it employs a different currency, the Standard necessitates disclosing the reasons for the same. The Standard also requires disclosing the reasons for any change in reporting currencyAS 11 does not deal with restating financial statements of any business from a reporting currency into another currency for the easing the users accustomed to such currency or for such similar purposesThe Standard doesn’t deal with presentation of the cash flow statement of cash flows which arises due to transactions in the foreign currency and translation of cash flows of foreign operationsThe Standard also doesn’t deal with the exchange differences which arises from the borrowings in foreign currency to the point that they’re considered as an adjustment to the interest costsForeign Currency TransactionsA. Initial RecognitionA foreign currency transaction is any transaction that is denominated in or needs to settle in any foreign currency. Such foreign currency transactions must be recorded, on initial recognition in reporting currency, by applying the exchange rate between the foreign currency and the reporting currency to the foreign currency amount at the date of the transaction.B. Reporting at Subsequent Balance Sheet DatesAt every balance sheet date:(a) all the foreign currency monetary items must be reported at the closing rate. Though, in specific circumstances, the closing rate might not exhibit with reasonable accuracy amount in the reporting currency which is expected to be realized from.In such scenarios, the monetary items must be reported in reporting currency at the value which is expected to be realized from, or needed to disburse, such monetary item at the balance sheet date;(b) non-monetary items that are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency should be reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and(c) non-monetary items that are carried at the fair value or similar valuation denominated in the foreign currency must be reported at the exchange rates prevailing when such values were determinedRecognition of Exchange DifferencesExchange differences which arise on reporting the enterprise’s monetary items at the rates different from the ones at which they’re recorded initially must be recognized the income or as an expense.Case StudyX Ltd. bought fixed assets worth 3,000 lakh on 1.1.2006 and was financed by a foreign currency (US Dollar) loan which is payable in 3 equal annual installments. The exchange rates were 1 Dollar = INR 40.00 and INR 42.50 as on 1.1.2006 and 31.12.2006 respectively. The initial installment was rendered on 31.12.2006. The total difference in the foreign exchange is capitalized.Here, these transactions would be accounted as follows:According to para 13, any exchange differences which arises on reporting the enterprise’s monetary items or settlement of monetary items at the rates different from the ones at which they’re recorded initially during the period, or reported in the previous financial statements, must be recognized as an income or an expense in the period in which it arises.AS 12 Accounting for Government Grants1. IntroductionTo help discharge this duty, the government undertakes promotional activities, provides incentives and grants to businesses. The grants received from the government are in various forms such as subsidy, incentives, duty drawbacks among others.AS 12 deals with grants given by government but does not covers:i) The accounting for grants which reflect the effect of price changesii) Assistance by the government other than grants like tax exemption, etciii) Participation of government in organisation’s ownership2. Meaning of Government GrantThe assistance was given by the government in cash or kind with certain specific conditions. These do not include such grants from the government which cannot be measured reasonably.Also, the transactions with the government which cannot be separately identified from normal trading of the organization are not considered as a grant.For eg:- Receipt of cash on the sale of packaged drinking water to railways by ‘Bisleri’.3. Methods of Accounting for Government GrantsThere are two methods outlined by the AS to account for the government grants:I. Capital approachII. Income / Revenue approachThe method of accounting for any grant is always based on the nature of grant received. The grants are recognized only where a certainty exists for the fulfilment of conditions and ultimate collection of such grants.3.I. Capital ApproachTo state simply, these grants are treated as a part of capital or shareholder’s funds. These are such grants which are given as a proportion of total investment in a business.Ordinarily, the government does not expect a repayment of such grants. Due to this reason, such grants are credited to the capital or shareholder’s funds.These grants are divided primarily into three types:A) Non-monetary grantsB) The proportion of capital in a businessC) For specific fixed assets3.I.A. Accounting of grants as a Proportion of total capital in a businessThe non-monetary grants are those which are given in form of resources such as land, building. These grants are usually given at a concessional rate or for free. These grants should be accounted for at the acquisition cost or nominal value (if given free of cost).3.I.B. Accounting of grants as a Proportion of total capital in a businessWhere grants are of such nature that they are treated as a proportion to total capital in a business, they are treated as Capital Reserves and shown as Capital Reserve in the Balance Sheet. This way the amount received will not have any effect on Income Statement or Fixed Assets carrying amount. This means that such amounts cannot be distributed as a dividend to shareholders. Also, they are not eligible to be considered as a deferred income.3.I.C. Accounting of grants for Specific fixed assetsThese are such grants which have a primary condition attached to them:i. The organization receiving such grants must either Construct, Acquire or Purchase such specific fixed assets for which such grant is given.ii. Other condition may also be imposed as the type of assets, location of assets, period of acquisition, etc.Two methods are prescribed for recognition of grants in form of grants for specific fixed assets:Method 1 – The amount of grant is reduced from the gross amount of the asset to calculate book value. This signifies that the grant is being recognized in profit and loss account as a reduced charge of depreciation over the life of such asset.Illustration:ABC Ltd. Purchases a machinery for Rs. 30 lakhs with a useful life of 5 years and ‘Nil’ salvage value. It gets Rs. 10 lakhs as a grant from the government for this machinery.a) The gross value of machinery will be shown as Rs. 20 lakhs (30 lakhs – 10 lakhs) in the balance sheetb) Rs. 4 lakhs (20 lakhs / Useful life i.e. 5 years) will be charged to profit and loss account each year as a depreciation on this machinery.Method 2 – The grants are treated as a deferred income in the financial statements. This income is recognized gradually in the profit and loss account over the useful life of an asset or say in the proportion of depreciation on such asset.Illustration:ABC Ltd. Purchases a machinery for Rs. 30 lakhs with a useful life of 5 years and ‘Nil’ salvage value. It gets Rs. 10 lakhs as a grant from the government for this machinery.a) The Gross value of machinery will be shown as Rs. 30 lakhs in the balance sheet along with Rs. 10 lakhs as ‘Deferred Government Grant’.b) Rs. 6 lakhs (30 lakhs / Useful life i.e. 5 years) will be charged to profit and loss account each year as a depreciation along with an income of Rs. 2 lakhs (10 lakhs / Useful life i.e. 5 years).3.II. Income ApproachGrants which relate to revenue are credited to the profit and loss account as ‘Other Income’. They can also be deducted from the related expenses in the profit and loss account. For example:- Grants for electricity expenses of a manufacturing entity.4. Refund of Government GrantsThere are scenarios where the government grants are to be refunded due to non-fulfilment of certain conditions.The accounting for such refund of grants is as under:5. Disclosure Requirementsi. Accounting policy adopted inclusive of the method of presentationii. Nature and extent of government grant recognized in financial statementsAS 13 Accounting for InvestmentsApplicability of AS 13 Accounting for InvestmentsAS 13 Accounting for Investments doesn’t deal with the following:The base for recognizing dividends, interest, and rentals which are earned on the investments that are covered by AS 9Finance or operating leases which are covered by AS 19Investments in retirement benefit plans and life insurance enterprises which is covered by AS 15The following which is formed under the Central or the State Government Act or declared under Companies Act, 2013Mutual FundsVenture Capital Funds and related Asset Management CompaniesBanks as well as public financial institutionsClassification of InvestmentsA. Current Investments – Current Investments are investments which by their nature are readily realizable and are intended to be held for less than a year from the date when such investment is done.B. Long-Term Investments – Long-term investments are investments other than the current investments, even though they might be freely marketable.Cost of InvestmentsBroker, duties, and fees – The cost of investments include charges related to acquisition of brokerage, duties, and feesNon-cash consideration – In case investments are acquired, or partly acquired, byissuing sharesissuing other securitiesany other asset,the cost of acquisition is the fair value of securities which are issued or the assets which are given up.The fair value might not essentially be same as the par or nominal value of securities which are issued. It might be prudent to consider fair value of such investment acquired in case it’s more evidentInterest, dividend or other receivables – Dividends, interest and other receivables that are in connection with the investments are usually considered as income, is the ROI (return on the investment).However, in certain conditions, such inflows signify a recovery of the cost and doesn’t form part of the income.In case it’s difficult to do such allocations, cost of investment is usually reduced to the extent of dividends receivable only in case they represent clearly the recovery of a portion of the costRight Shares – In case right shares offered are subsequently subscribed for, cost of such right shares is then added to carrying the amount of original holding.In case the rights aren’t subscribed for, however, are sold, sale proceeds from the sale of such rights are transferred to P/L statement. But, where an investment is acquired on a cum-right basis and market value of the investment immediately after becoming ex-right is less than the cost for which such investment was acquired, it might be prudent to apply the proceeds from the sale of rights to reduce carrying the amount of the investment to the market valueCarrying Amount of InvestmentsCurrent investments must be carried in financial statements at lower of cost and fair value which is determined either by category of investment or on an individual investment basis, however, not on the overall basis.Long-term investments must always be carried in financial statements at their cost. But, when there’s a decline, apart from temporary, in value the long-term investment, carrying amount is reduced for recognizing such decline.Investment PropertyInvestment property is investments that are made in land or buildings which aren’t envisioned to be used significantly for use, or in business operations of, the investing company.Investment Treatment on DisposalOn sale or disposal of the investment, the difference between the carrying cost and proceeds from the sales net of any expenses is transferred to P&L.Reclassification of InvestmentsWhere a long-term investment is reclassified as a current investment, the transfer is made at carrying amount and lower of cost at the date of such transfer. Where an investment is reclassified from current investment to long-term investment, the transfer is made at the lower of its cost and the fair value of such investment at the date of such transfer.Disclosures in the Financial StatementsThe below mentioned are the disclosures in the financial statements with respect to AS 13 Accounting for Investments is applicable:(a) accounting policies employed for determining carrying amount of investment(b) the amounts which are included in the profit and loss statement for:(i) Dividends, interest, and rentals on the investments presenting the income from such long-term and current investments separately. Gross income must be stated, amount of TDS (tax deducted at source) included under the Advance Taxes Paid(ii) profits and losses on the disposal of current investment and the changes in carrying the amount of the investment(iii) profits and losses on the disposal of long-term investment and the changes in carrying the amount of the investment(c) substantial limitations on the right of ownership, realizability of the investments or remittance of income and proceeds of disposal(d) the total amount of both the quoted and unquoted investments, providing the total market value of the quoted investments(e) other disclosures as explicitly as required by the relevant statute governing the companyRemaining Later!

Hello!I know this one for you…Unsurprisingly, Trump’s way off, again! Republicans have concocted a message of their own that they repeat endlessly: Do-nothing congressional Democrats have failed to work across the aisle or to generate any useful legislation since Trump arrived at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue.This flat-out fabrication is no surprise coming from the man of 15,000 lies and his evil, Republican toadies. And, as disinformation specialists know so well, repeat a lie often enough and a certain portion of the populace will believe it’s true. You can fool some of the people all of the time, and that obviously can be enough to achieve whatever scheme you have in mind. Saying Democrats have not done anything can act like an ad jingle, permanently engraving BS on the brain of fooled people.But as always, I’ll provide you the facts and figures. Below is a linked list of bills the House had passed as of Dec. 5, 283 of which Democrats call “bipartisan.” To get that label, a bill only requires a single vote from across the aisle, and a few of these bills only received one. But some received overwhelming Republican support in the House. This makes no difference to McConnell.Of the 383 bills that have been passed by the House, 82% are still bottled up in the Senate. This list does not include House resolutions. If you click here, you can see bills and resolutions that have passed the House and the Senate and become law, bills that have passed the House and the Senate and are awaiting action by the White House, and bills that have passed the House and are awaiting action in the Senate.LIST OF BILLS PASSED BY THE HOUSE AND AWAITING ACTION IN THE SENATESource: Search Bills in CongressExamples of Bipartisan House Bills Stalled in the Senate Include:H.R.5, Equality ActH.R.6, The American Dream and Promise ActH.R.7, Paycheck Fairness ActH.R.8, Bipartisan Background Checks ActH.R.9, Climate Action Now ActH.R.987, Protecting People With Pre-Existing Conditions/Lowering Drug CostsH.R.582, Raise The Wage ActH.R.397, Rehabilitation For Multiemployer Pensions Act (The Butch Lewis Act)H.R.1585, Violence Against Women Reauthorization ActH.R.1644, Save The Internet ActH.R 2722, Securing America’s Federal Elections (SAFE) ActH.R.2513, The Corporate Transparency ActH.R.1112, Enhanced Background ChecksH.R.1994, Secure Act/Gold Star Family Tax Relief ActH.R.205, 1146, 1941 – Banning Offshore Drilling on Atlantic, Pacific, Eastern Gulf & ANWR CoastsH.R.1423, Forced Arbitration Injustice Repeal (FAIR) ActMore than 30 bills to support veteransOther Examples of Bills Stalled in the Senate that Democrats Support:H.R.1, For The People ActH.R.4617, Stopping Harmful Interference in Elections for a Lasting Democracy (SHIELD) ActH.R.1500, Consumers First ActThe first 283 are “bipartisan.” The final 32 were supported by Democrats only.H.R. 648: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (10 Republican Votes)H.R. 21: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (7 Republican Votes)H.R. 2440: Full Utilization of the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund Act (79 Republican votes)H.R. 693: U.S. Senator Joseph D. Tydings Memorial Prevent All Soring Tactics Act of 2019 (100 Republican Votes)H.R. 1654: Federal Register Modernization Act (195 Republican Votes)H.R. 116: Investing in Main Street Act of 2019 (180 Republican votes)H.R. 2114: Enhancing State Energy Security Planning and Emergency Preparedness Act of 2019 (Republican cosponsor, voice vote)H.R. 987: Strengthening Health Care and Lowering Prescription Drug Costs Act (5 Republican votes)H.R. 2083: Homeland Procurement Reform Act (Republican cosponsor, voice vote)H.R. 1759: BRIDGE for Workers Act (167 Republican Votes)H.R. 266: Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 (10 Republican votes)H.R. 267: Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 (12 Republican votes)H.R. 265: Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 (10 Republican votes)H.R. 264: Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2019 (8 Republican Votes)H.R. 2528: STEM Opportunities Act of 2019 (4 Republican Cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 4477: Reducing High Risk to Veterans and Veterans Services Act (Republican Cosponsor, voice voted)H.R. 539: Innovators to Entrepreneurs Act of 2019 (171 Republican votes)H.R. 583: Preventing Illegal Radio Abuse Through Enforcement Act (5 Republican Cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 728: Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act of 2019 (21 Republican cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 1781: Payment Commission Data Act of 2019 (6 Republican cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 226: Clarity on Small Business Participation in Category Management Act of 2019 (183 Republican votes)H.R. 823: Colorado Outdoor Recreation and Economy Act (5 R Votes)H.R. 2578: National Flood Insurance Program Extension Act of 2019 (R Cosponsor, voice vote)H.R. 3153: EFFORT Act (9 R Cosponsors, voice vote)H.R. 2486: FUTURE Act (8 R cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 986: Protecting Americans with Preexisting Conditions Act of 2019 (4 R votes)H.R. 2781: Educating Medical Professionals and Optimizing Workforce Efficiency and Readiness for Health Act of 2019 (4 R cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 647: Palliative Care and Hospice Education and Training Act (101 R Cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 1837: United States-Israel Cooperation Enhancement and Regional Security Act (149 R cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 1582: Electronic Message Preservation Act (R Cosponsor, voice voted)H.R. 1503: Orange Book Transparency Act of 2019 (191 R votes)H.R. 1520: Purple Book Continuity Act of 2019 (192 R votes)H.R. 550: Merchant Mariners of World War II Congressional Gold Medal Act of 2019 (101 R cosponsors, voice voted)H.R. 3624: Outsourcing Accountability Act of 2019 (2 R votes)H.R. 3352: Department of State Authorization Act of 2019 (R cosponsor, voice voted)H.R. 1912: DHS Acquisition Documentation Integrity Act of 2019 (R cosponsor, voice vote)H.R. 424: Department of Homeland Security Clearance Management and Administration Act (R cosponsor, voice vote)H.R. 3702: Reforming Disaster Recovery Act of 2019 (71 R votes)H.R. 397: Rehabilitation for Multiemployer Pensions Act of 2019 (29 R votes)H.R. 3207: To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 114 Mill Street in Hookstown, Pennsylvania, as the “Staff Sergeant Dylan Elchin Post Office Building”. (9 R cosponsors, voice vote)H.R. 3152: To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 456 North Meridian Street in Indianapolis, Indiana, as the “Richard G. Lugar Post Office”. (7 R cosponsors, voice vote)H.R. 806: Portable Fuel Container Safety Act of 2019 (10 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3619: Appraisal Fee Transparency Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2035: Lifespan Respite Care Reauthorization Act of 2019 (4 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3375: Stopping Bad Robocalls Act (195 R Votes)H.R. 1365: To make technical corrections to the Guam World War II Loyalty Recognition Act. (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2359: Whole Veteran Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1404: Vladimir Putin Transparency Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1271: Vet HP Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 246: Stimulating Innovation through Procurement Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 227: Incentivizing Fairness in Subcontracting Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted )H.R. 3460: End Neglected Tropical Diseases Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1446: Multinational Species Conservation Funds Semipostal Stamp Reauthorization Act of 2019 (14 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2115: Public Disclosure of Drug Discounts and Real-Time Beneficiary Drug Cost Act (184 R Votes)H.R. 1618: Nicholas and Zachary Burt Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Prevention Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1420: Energy Efficient Government Technology Act (164 R Votes)H.R. 1768: Diesel Emissions Reduction Act of 2019 (76 R Votes)H.R. 526: Cambodia Democracy Act of 2019 (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2507: Newborn Screening Saves Lives Reauthorization Act of 2019 (16 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1359: Digital GAP Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 375: To amend the Act of June 18, 1934, to reaffirm the authority of the Secretary of the Interior to take land into trust for Indian Tribes, and for other purposes. (101 R Votes)H.R. 2409: Expanding Access to Capital for Rural Job Creators Act (185 R Votes)H.R. 1328: ACCESS BROADBAND Act (11 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1585: Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2019 (33 R Votes)H.R. 762: Streamlining Energy Efficiency for Schools Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 501: Poison Center Network Enhancement Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 502: FIND Trafficking Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1952: Intercountry Adoption Information Act of 2019 (182 R Votes)H.R. 1616: European Energy Security and Diversification Act of 2019 (167 R Votes)H.R. 525: Strengthening the Health Care Fraud Prevention Task Force Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 4803: Citizenship for Children of Military Members and Civil Servants Act (6 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 4018: To provide that the amount of time that an elderly offender must serve before being eligible for placement in home detention is to be reduced by the amount of good time credits earned by the prisoner, and for other purposes. (5 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 4634: Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2019 (167 R Votes)H.R. 1773: Rosie the Riveter Congressional Gold Medal Act of 2019 (64 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3734: Successful Entrepreneurship for Reservists and Veterans Act (193 R Votes)H.R. 4842: Expositions Provide Opportunities Act of 2019 (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4695: Protect Against Conflict by Turkey Act (176 R Votes)H.R. 3942: Preventing Online Sales of E-Cigarettes to Children Act (16 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2426: Copyright Alternative in Small-Claims Enforcement Act of 2019 (185 R Votes)H.R. 95: Homeless Veteran Families Act (192 R Votes)H.R. 3190: Burma Unified through Rigorous Military Accountability Act of 2019 (170 R Votes)H.R. 3589: Greg LeMond Congressional Gold Medal Act (75 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1984: DISASTER Act (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3409: Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1665: Building Blocks of STEM Act (3 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 34: Energy and Water Research Integration Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 736: Access to Congressionally Mandated Reports Act (9 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2331: SBA Cyber Awareness Act (4 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2615: United States-Northern Triangle Enhanced Engagement Act (14 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1044: Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2019 (140 R Votes)H.R. 951: United States-Mexico Tourism Improvement Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1994: Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act of 2019 (187 R Votes)H.R. 2326: Navy SEAL Chief Petty Officer William “Bill” Mulder (Ret.) Transition Improvement Act of 2019 (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2116: Global Fragility Act (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2480: Stronger Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (19 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 624: Promoting Transparent Standards for Corporate Insiders Act (189 R Votes)H.R. 31: Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019 (21 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 115: Protecting Diplomats from Surveillance Through Consumer Devices Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 133: United States-Mexico Economic Partnership Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2181: Chaco Cultural Heritage Area Protection Act of 2019 (17 R Votes)H.R. 4344: Investor Protection and Capital Markets Fairness Act (93 R Votes)H.R. 4360: VA Overpayment Accountability Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 4771: VA Tele-Hearing Modernization Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 4356: Protecting Families of Fallen Servicemembers Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 3526: Counter Terrorist Network Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 3691: TRANSLATE Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2852: Homebuyer Assistance Act of 2019 (192 R Votes)H.R. 542: Supporting Research and Development for First Responders Act (179 R Votes)H.R. 1892: Quadrennial Homeland Security Review Technical Corrections Act of 2019 (186 R Votes)H.R. 1414: FinCEN Improvement Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 995: Settlement Agreement Information Database Act of 2019 (195 R Votes)H.R. 1063: Presidential Library Donation Reform Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 449: Pathways to Improving Homeland Security at the Local Level Act (183 R Votes)H.R. 1617: KREMLIN Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1381: Burn Pit Registry Enhancement Act (187 R Votes)H.R. 1309: Workplace Violence Prevention for Health Care and Social Service Workers Act (32 R Votes)H.R. 1632: Southeast Asia Strategy Act (5 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 835: Rodchenkov Anti-Doping Act of 2019 (7 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 7: Paycheck Fairness Act (7 R Votes)H.R. 758: Cooperate with Law Enforcement Agencies and Watch Act of 2019 (186 R Votes)H.R. 1830: National Purple Heart Hall of Honor Commemorative Coin Act (88 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 36: Combating Sexual Harassment in Science Act of 2019 (7 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 277: ASCEND Act of 2019 (7 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4162: GI Bill Planning Act of 2019 (187 R Votes)H.R. 3246: Traveling Parents Screening Consistency Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2229: First Responders Passport Act of 2019 (7 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 748: Middle Class Health Benefits Tax Repeal Act of 2019 (189 R Votes)H.R. 1649: Small Business Development Center Cyber Training Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1876: Senior Security Act of 2019 (172 R Votes)H.R. 450: Preventing Crimes Against Veterans Act of 2019 (191 R Votes)H.R. 221: Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism Act (185 R Votes)H.R. 2385: To permit the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to establish a grant program to conduct cemetery research and produce educational materials for the Veterans Legacy Program. (192 R Votes)H.R. 425: Supporting Veterans in STEM Careers Act (4 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 113: All-American Flag Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 263: To rename the Oyster Bay National Wildlife Refuge as the Congressman Lester Wolff Oyster Bay National Wildlife Refuge. (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 925: North American Wetlands Conservation Extension Act (12 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 737: Shark Fin Sales Elimination Act of 2019 (89 R Votes)H.R. 4029: Tribal Access to Homeless Assistance Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4300: Fostering Stable Housing Opportunities Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3661: Patriotic Employer Protection Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3224: Deborah Sampson Act (177 R Votes)H.R. 4334: Dignity in Aging Act of 2019 (14 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4067: Financial Inclusion in Banking Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2514: Coordinating Oversight, Upgrading and Innovating Technology, and Examiner Reform Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 777: Debbie Smith Reauthorization Act of 2019 (178 R Votes)H.R. 598: Georgia Support Act (19 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4406: Small Business Development Centers Improvement Act of 2019 (157 R Votes)H.R. 4405: Women’s Business Centers Improvements Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4387: To establish Growth Accelerator Fund Competition within the Small Business Administration, and for other purposes. (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3329: To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 5186 Benito Street in Montclair, California, as the “Paul Eaton Post Office Building”. (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1833: To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 35 Tulip Avenue in Floral Park, New York, as the “Lieutenant Michael R. Davidson Post Office Building”. (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 4270: Placing Restrictions on Teargas Exports and Crowd Control Technology to Hong Kong Act (7 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3722: Joint Task Force to Combat Opioid Trafficking Act of 2019 (184 R Votes)H.R. 1595: Secure And Fair Enforcement Banking Act of 2019 (91 R Votes)H.R. 2327: Burma Political Prisoners Assistance Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1423: Forced Arbitration Injustice Repeal Act (2 R Votes)H.R. 2134: Helen Keller National Center Reauthorization Act of 2019 (5 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1941: Coastal and Marine Economies Protection Act (12 R Votes)H.R. 3670: Short-Term Detention Standards Act (5 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 549: Venezuela TPS Act of 2019 (39 R Votes)H.R. 434: Emancipation National Historic Trail Study Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2397: American Manufacturing Leadership Act (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3196: Vera C. Rubin Observatory Designation Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2037: Saudi Arabia Human Rights and Accountability Act of 2019 (178 R Votes)H.R. 2142: To amend the Small Business Act to require the Small Business and Agriculture Regulatory Enforcement Ombudsman to create a centralized website for compliance guides, and for other purposes. (5 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 677: 21st Century President Act (40 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1988: Protecting Affordable Mortgages for Veterans Act of 2019 (5 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2515: Whistleblower Protection Reform Act of 2019 (181 R Votes)H.R. 2109: BRAVE Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2476: Securing American Nonprofit Organizations Against Terrorism Act of 2019 (18 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1237: COAST Research Act of 2019 (7 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2333: Support for Suicide Prevention Coordinators Act (6 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2340: FIGHT Veteran Suicides Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 753: Global Electoral Exchange Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1437: Securing Department of Homeland Security Firearms Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1594: First Responder Access to Innovative Technologies Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 920: Venezuela Arms Restriction Act (5 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1477: Russian-Venezuelan Threat Mitigation Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1112: Enhanced Background Checks Act of 2019 (3 R Votes)H.R. 8: Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2019 (8 R Votes)H.R. 507: Put Trafficking Victims First Act of 2019 (189 R Votes)H.R. 66: Route 66 Centennial Commission Act (171 R Votes)H.R. 428: Homeland Security Assessment of Terrorists’ Use of Virtual Currencies Act (191 R Votes)H.R. 56: Financial Technology Protection Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 676: NATO Support Act (149 R Votes)H.R. 328: Hack Your State Department Act (170 R Votes)H.R. 247: Federal CIO Authorization Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 136: Federal Intern Protection Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 135: Federal Employee Antidiscrimination Act of 2019 (193 R Votes)H.R. 1615: Verification Alignment and Service-disabled Business Adjustment Act (19 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3504: Ryan Kules Specially Adaptive Housing Improvement Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1850: Palestinian International Terrorism Support Prevention Act of 2019 (34 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 617: Department of Energy Veterans’ Health Initiative Act (25 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2140: Preventing Child Marriage in Displaced Populations Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2045: To amend title 38, United States Code, to establish in the Department the Veterans Economic Opportunity and Transition Administration, and for other purposes. (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1812: Vet Center Eligibility Expansion Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 353: To direct the Secretary of State to develop a strategy to regain observer status for Taiwan in the World Health Organization, and for other purposes. (4 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1847: Inspector General Protection Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2066: DHS Intelligence Rotational Assignment Program Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1589: CBRN Intelligence and Information Sharing Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 1122: Housing Choice Voucher Mobility Demonstration Act of 2019 (168 R Votes)H.R. 974: Federal Reserve Supervision Testimony Clarification Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1064: To amend title 5, United States Code, to allow whistleblowers to disclose information to certain recipients. (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1065: Social Media Use in Clearance Investigations Act of 2019 (168 R Votes)H.R. 389: Kleptocracy Asset Recovery Rewards Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1306: Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 205: Protecting and Securing Florida’s Coastline Act of 2019 (22 R Votes)H.R. 759: Ysleta del Sur Pueblo and Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas Equal and Fair Opportunity Settlement Act (12 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1307: Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 335: South Florida Clean Coastal Waters Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 988: NEAR Act of 2019 (4 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1704: Championing American Business Through Diplomacy Act of 2019 (177 R Votes)H.R. 1199: VA Website Accessibility Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 565: AMIGOS Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 3537: Veteran Entrepreneurship Training Act of 2019 (196 R Votes)H.R. 886: Veteran Treatment Court Coordination Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2513: Corporate Transparency Act of 2019 (25 R Votes)H.R. 1146: Arctic Cultural and Coastal Plain Protection Act (4 R Votes)H.R. 281: Ensuring Diverse Leadership Act of 2019 (3 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1331: Local Water Protection Act (117 R Votes)H.R. 1716: Coastal Communities Ocean Acidification Act of 2019 (6 R Votes)H.R. 1921: Ocean Acidification Innovation Act of 2019 (168 R Votes)H.R. 615: Refugee Sanitation Facility Safety Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 5: Equality Act (8 R Votes)H.R. 312: Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe Reservation Reaffirmation Act (47 R Votes)H.R. 2502: Transparency in Federal Buildings Projects Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 596: Crimea Annexation Non-recognition Act (195 R Votes)H.R. 1472: To rename the Homestead National Monument of America near Beatrice, Nebraska, as the Homestead National Historical Park. (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 499: Service-Disabled Veterans Small Business Continuation Act (194 R Votes)H.R. 1424: Fallen Warrior Battlefield Cross Memorial Act (22 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1775: Notice to Airmen Improvement Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 4407: SCORE for Small Business Act of 2019 (171 R Votes)H.R. 3694: Helping Families Fly Act of 2019 (8 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2613: Advancing Innovation to Assist Law Enforcement Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 97: Rescuing Animals With Rewards Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 2744: USAID Branding Modernization Act (186 R Votes)H.R. 3050: Expanding Investment in Small Businesses Act of 2019 (189 R Votes)H.R. 2002: Taiwan Assurance Act of 2019 (20 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1235: MSPB Temporary Term Extension Act (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 769: Counterterrorism Advisory Board Act of 2019 (186 R Votes)H.R. 192: Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 2162: Housing Financial Literacy Act of 2019 (1 R cosponsor, Voice Voted)H.R. 752: Open Book on Equal Access to Justice Act (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 202: Inspector General Access Act of 2019 (2 R cosponsors, Voice Voted)H.R. 1760: Advanced Nuclear Fuel Availability Act (R sponsor, voice voted)H.R. 347: Responsible Disposal Reauthorization Act of 2019 (R sponsor, voice voted)H.R. 3494: Damon Paul Nelson and Matthew Young Pollard Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2018, 2019, and 2020 (171 R votes)H.R. 2539: Strengthening Local Transportation Security Capabilities Act of 2019 (167 R votes)H.R. 1037: Banking Transparency for Sanctioned Persons Act of 2019 (1 R sponsor, voice voted)H.R. 1388: Lytton Rancheria Homelands Act of 2019 (173 R votes)H.R. 498: Clean Up the Code Act of 2019 (R sponsor)H.R. 9: Climate Action Now Act (3 R votes)H.R. 1644: Save the Internet Act of 2019 (1 R vote)H.R. 1060: BUILD Act (1 R sponsor, voice voted)H.R. 91: Columbia River In-Lieu and Treaty Fishing Access Sites Improvement Act (171 R votes)H.R. 582: Raise the Wage Act (3 R votes)H.R. 1088: FIRST Act (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 255: Big Bear Land Exchange Act (R sponsor voice vote)H.R. 1663: Foundation of the Federal Bar Association Charter Amendments Act of 2019 (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 3996: VA Design-Build Construction Enhancement Act of 2019 (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 1496: Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of 2019 (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 2589: Unifying DHS Intelligence Enterprise Act (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 241: Bank Service Company Examination Coordination Act of 2019 (R sponsor)H.R. 2609: DHS Acquisition Review Board Act of 2019 (191 R votes)H.R. 2590: DHS Overseas Personnel Enhancement Act of 2019 (179 R votes)H.R. 1947: To amend title 38, United States Code, to exempt transfers of funds from Federal agencies to the Department of Veterans Affairs for nonprofit corporations established under subchapter IV of chapter 73 of such title from certain provisions of t (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 1313: Transit Security Grant Program Flexibility Act (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 317: Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians Land Affirmation Act of 2019 (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 297: Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians Restoration Act of 2019 (173 R votes)H.R. 190: Expanding Contracting Opportunities for Small Businesses Act of 2019 (188 R votes)H.R. 4863: United States Export Finance Agency Act of 2019 (13 R votes)H.R. 1373: Grand Canyon Centennial Protection Act (9 R votes)H.R. 3525: U.S. Border Patrol Medical Screening Standards Act (2 R votes)H.R. 3239: Humanitarian Standards for Individuals in Customs and Border Protection Custody Act (1 R vote)H.R. 2722: SAFE Act (1 R vote)H.R. 6: American Dream and Promise Act of 2019 (7 R votes)H.R. 840: Veterans’ Access to Child Care Act (178 R votes)H.R. 790: Federal Civilian Workforce Pay Raise Fairness Act of 2019 (29 R votes)H.R. 4860: Crowdfunding Amendments Act (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 5084: Improving Corporate Governance Through Diversity Act of 2019 (55 R votes)H.R. 1593: CLASS Act of 2019 (168 R votes)H.R. 3675: Trusted Traveler Reconsideration and Restoration Act of 2019 (R sponsor, voice vote)H.R. 2345: Clarifying the Small Business Runway Extension Act (R sponsor, voice vote)Passed with Democratic votes only:H.R. 1608: Federal Advisory Committee Act Amendments of 2019H.R. 3351: Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2020H.R. 2211: STURDY ActH.R. 182: To extend the authorization for the Cape Cod National Seashore Advisory Commission.H.R. 4625: Protect the GI Bill ActH.R. 1623: Help America Run ActH.R. 1815: SEC Disclosure Effectiveness Testing ActH.R. 3625: PCAOB Whistleblower Protection Act of 2019H.R. 2290: Shutdown Guidance for Financial Institutions ActH.R. 3299: Promoting Respect for Individuals’ Dignity and Equality Act of 2019H.R. 2943: Providing Benefits Information in Spanish and Tagalog for Veterans and Families ActH.R. 2919: Improving Investment Research for Small and Emerging Issuers ActH.R. 2372: Veterans’ Care Quality Transparency ActH.R. 495: FIRST State and Local Law Enforcement ActH.R. 206: Encouraging Small Business Innovation ActH.R. 128: Small Business Advocacy Improvements Act of 2019H.R. 1487: Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area Boundary Adjustment Study ActH.R. 876: Pacific Northwest Earthquake Preparedness Act of 2019 (Voice vote no R cosponsor)H.R. 4617: SHIELD ActH.R. 3710: Cybersecurity Vulnerability Remediation ActH.R. 3106: Domestic and International Terrorism DATA ActH.R. 2203: Homeland Security Improvement ActH.R. 1690: Carbon Monoxide Alarms Leading Every Resident To Safety Act of 2019H.R. 3620: Strategy and Investment in Rural Housing Preservation Act of 2019H.R. 2942: HEALTH ActH.R. 1261: National Landslide Preparedness ActH.R. 1433: Department of Homeland Security Morale, Recognition, Learning and Engagement Act of 2019H.R. 854: Humanitarian Assistance to the Venezuelan People Act of 2019H.R. 1: For the People Act of 2019H.R. 494: Tiffany Joslyn Juvenile Accountability Block Grant Reauthorization and Bullying Prevention and Intervention Act of 2019H.R. 543: To require the Federal Railroad Administration to provide appropriate congressional notice of comprehensive safety assessments conducted with respect to intercity or commuter rail passenger transportation.H.R. 1500: Consumers First ActI made it!! So I dare you Trump fans to refute this and make the false claim again that the House of Representatives isn’t looking out for the well-being of the American people. INCLUDING YOURSELVES!!!Sources: Search Bills in Congress and You know that trainload of hundreds of bills Senate Republicans have blocked? Here's a linked list