Fourth Grade Unit One. Mathematics: Fill & Download for Free

Obama, by a country mile. But you also have to ask, “what is intelligence?” Trump might best Obama — and me, and most other people — on certain aspects of intelligence that don't show up on a test.The College YearsYour first likely intellectual achievement in life is college/university. Obama was admitted to Occidental College in California from fall of 1979 to spring of 1981, where he was an average student, not taking the coursework as seriously as he should have. He transferred to Columbia University for his Junior year, majoring in Political Science. He supposedly “studied like a monk”, and despite moving to an Ivy, his grades were much better. He graduated Columbia in 1983 (same year I graduated CMU!). A number of professors at Columbia characterized Obama as “brilliant”, “standout”, “one of the top two in my class”, though his records have never been released to the public.Obama stuck around New York for a few years, working to pay off his student loans. After that, He worked as a community organizer in Chicago until deciding to go on to law schoool. He was accepted to Harvard Law School in 1988, one of the premiere law schools in the country, and received his Juris Doctorate in 1991, graduating magna cum laude. While at Harvard, Obama was admitted to the Harvard Law Review. And then elected as President of the Harvard Law Review, the highest student position at Harvard University, and the first black man to receive that honor.Curiously, Trump also moved around as an undergraduate. He did not have the grades for an Ivy League school, so he started at Fordham College in 1964. He transferred to the University of Pennsylvania in 1966, the Wharton School of Finance and Commerce as that college was known then, and graduated with a Bachelor’s Degree in Economics (Real Estate specialization) in 1968. Trump wrote in his book, “The Art of the Deal”, that he didn’t see much real value in a college education, but understood that it was an important credential for others to see of him.No one seems to recall much about Trump’s time at Fordham or Penn. It is known that Trump transferred to Penn with the help of family connections, but it’s not known if there was any money involved. Penn does not make donations public. Trump has repeatedly claimed to have been top of his class, and often insuated that his time at “Wharton” was in the MBA program, though he did not pursue a post-graduate degree. A bit of research has proved that Trump was not at the top of his class, but he certainly did graduate.Early WorkTrump continued to work for the family real estate company even while in college, spending most weekends back in New York selling real estate. So it was no surprise that he immediately joined the family business after college.Trump has considerable success as a saleman, which of course is the essence of real estate. He became the President of his family business in 1971, and renamed it The Trump Organization. When it came to making deals and selling, Trump did pretty well. He had a natural ability to convince people of his various deals, he took some pretty big risks and got lucky, and he didn’t take “no” for an answer. However, as an actual businessman, he made a number of terrible business moves, though he often managed to sell his interests in the business before it all came tumbling down.Unfortunately, the darker side of Trump’s successes is the fact that intimidating and cheating smaller companies was essentially his business model.As mentioned, Obama did a bit of community organizing in New York and then Chicago before Law School. After Harvard, he received and accepted a two year appointment as a Visiting Law and Government Fellow at the University of Chicago Law School. While that position might have entailed doing some lectures or teaching, it isn’t a mere “lecturer” position, but an extremely prestigious appointment. He could have had a job at any big law firm in the country with his Harvard credentials.He also worked as a civil rights lawyer in Chicago with Miner, Barnhill & Galland. When his two-year fellowship at the University of Chicago was over, he also taught constitutional law part-time, first as a lecturer then a professor, between 1992 and 2004.Obama ran for and was elected to an open seat as Illinois State Senator in 1996, relected in 1998 and 2002. He unsuccessfully ran for the US Congress in 2000. He left the Illinois Senate for the US Senate in 2004.Writing and SpeakingBoth men wrote several books… in theory. Obama actually wrote his books by himself, while Trump's books were ghost written. Tony Schwartz, for example, wrote “The Art of the Deal.”A serious study set out to estimate the IQ of every President (http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jcampbel/documents/SimontonPresIQ2006.pdf). Obviously, it relied on things other than the Stanford-Binet or Wechsler Intelligence Tests, since most Presidents are no longer living, and those who are would not likely submit to such a test. This was done in 2006, before either Obama or Trump took office.When it comes to public speaking, Trump speaks at a fourth grade level (Readability Test Tool), when not reading from someone else’s words. Obama comes in at a grade level of 9.7. While it is absolutely the case that a public speaker needs to target their audience and we wouldn’t expect any President to address the general public at a college level, Trump is far below all recent Presidents. My suggestion is that’s based on Trump’s ability, simply because he doesn’ t instruct his speech writers to target that same level for his canned speeches. But only Trump knows for certain. It is absolutely the case that in the past, Trump spoke at a much higher level than he did during the campaign and has during the Presidency.Intelligence, and Where “IQ” FailsThere have been a number of estimates of the IQ of various Presidents, various famous people, etc. Based on these, which tend to correlate the accomplishments of those with known IQs versus those with unknown IQs (eg, business executive, college professor, etc), Obama’s IQ has been estimated at around 145–150, while Trump’s is probably around 117-125, both based on a number of serious estimates.But that’s entirely missing the mark. A conventional IQ test will score language, mathematics, and logical reasoning… if it’s a good one. While I have no idea how well President Obama would score on a math test, it’s clear from his writing and speaking that he would score high on language, and a successful lawyer is going to do very well in both logic and language.Trump, on the other hand, is clearly “challenged” at language and logic. But neither of those had any bearing on his success.Psychologist Howard Gardner formalized the notion of multiple intelligence type his 1983 book Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. When we speak of Mozart or Sting as a musical genius, the genius may be extremely evident, but this is not something that could have been measured by any intelligence test.If there was such a test capable of testing all kinds of human intelligence, Trump would score very high on Interpersonal intelligence. This is the ability to understand other people, and it’s key in any ability to manipulate the wants, needs, desires of others, which is what every successful salesperson or conman does well.You only have to watch the way Trump ran for President to see that kind of intelligence in action. He knew who his voters were and how they would react to what looked to experienced political pudits as weekly attempts at policial suicide. He understood the allure of internet conspiracy theorists, via is experiments in “Birtherism”, and that if he managed to grab a solid 25% of the Republican electorate with all those competitiors fighting over the rest, he’d probably win. He understood the other candidates well enough to drag them down to his level of discourse, where the advantage was his, rather than try to debate them at their level, where he was completely outclassed by their knowledge and experience.And yes, you do have to be able to sense and react to a person to be able to sell them something they don’t necessarily want, or to con them. And yes, in both cases you’re not being honest, but that’s also not a thing that everyone can do. It really is a unique type of human intelligence, the power to manipulate others. The only really weird part is that you would think that a person who understands how to con and manipulate others would be fairly immune to that. Yet is seems to be the case that Trump is easily controlled by other people, currently that seems to be Stephen Miller and General Kelly. Maybe his clearly-demonstrated capability to manipulate people isn’t through deep understanding? Is he some kind of conman-savant?So to answer your simple question, Obama is undeniable smarter in the way we measure intelligence in academics or in IQ tests. That measure itself, however, misses a significant area of human intelligence. Obama and Trump are both “smart”, but in completely different ways.Read MoreObama at OccidentalBarack Obama: the college yearsObama’s Account of New York Years Often Differs From What Others SayObama first made history at HLS - Harvard Law TodayWhat is Trump's real record at Wharton?Was Trump really a top student at Wharton? His classmates say not so muchWhy Penn Won’t Talk About Donald TrumpFormer Wharton Professor: 'Trump Was the Dumbest G*ddamn Student I Ever Had'The education of Donald TrumpBarack Obama: Life Before the Presidency | Miller CenterBusiness career of Donald Trump - WikipediaDave Haynie's answer to Why do people forget that Donald Trump is a successful businessman?Is Donald Trump a Successful Businessman? Not Really.Donald Trump’s Business Career Has Been One of Bullying Ordinary CitizensThe Many Scandals of Donald Trump: A Cheat SheetTrump speaks at fourth-grade level, lowest of last 15 U.S. presidents, new analysis findsTrump used to be more articulate. What could explain the change?Experts: Trump’s Speaking Style “Raises Questions About His Brain Health”Donald Trump's biggest flaw: He's not that brightThe 5 Stupidest People On The Planet (Are All Donald Trump)Why Trump Keeps Telling the World 'I’m Smart'Dave Haynie's answer to What is a genius, and who can become one?Dave Haynie's answer to What is the correlation between playing an instrument and being intelligent?Trump says he’s a genius. A study found these other presidents actually were.Dave Haynie's answer to How many geniuses have served as president of the United States of America?Dave Haynie's answer to Could Donald Trump pass college physics (physics 1, kinematics/fluid dynamics, algebra based physics, not calculus based physics)?Dave Haynie's answer to Why do people forget that Donald Trump is a successful businessman?

The best absorber is defined as the object which can absorb all the electromagnetic radiations falling upon it. The black body is not only a perfect absorber but is also the best in emitting radiation. The black body is taken as a reference body in studying the emissivity of bodies. The total emissive power is defined as the total radiant energy of different wavelengths emitted from unit area of a surface of a body in one second. The total emissive power of a black body, E(b) is directly proportional to the fourth power of absolute temperature. The total emissive power E of objects other than a black body is, E=e.E(b), where e is the emissivity and its value is less than 1.Here why the emissivity of a black body is unity? That means the emissivity of a black body is 1. But why? Radiation moves through space in straight lines, or beams, and only substances in sight of a radiating body can intercept radiation from that body. The fraction of the radiation is called the reflectivity, r. The fraction that is absorbed is called the absorptivity, a. The fraction that is transmitted is called the transmissivity, t. The sum of these fractions must be unity, r+a+t=1.Radiation as such is not heat and when transformed into heat on absorption, it is no longer radiation. In practice, reflected or transmitted radiation usually falls on other absorptive bodies and is eventually converted into heat, perhaps after many successive reflections. The maximum possible absorptivity is unity, attained only if the body absorbs all radiation incident upon it and reflects or transmits none. A body that absorbs all incident radiation is called a black body. The unity is the sum of multiple coefficients and it equals to one. Mathematically, you can suppose that the unity is the maximum limit of possibility. That means only the ideal object will have the value of unity. In practice, most objects would have lesser value than unity, depending on the grades of black materials.

Throughout my life I've noticed several things that seem to be different about being the child of two physicians. They primarily fall into two categories:Medically related differences:It is very easy and convenient to make appointments with other specialists. Although I have never gone to the doctor when I have been ill, any other time I have wanted an appointment with a specialist-for example, to update my contact lens prescription-it has been very easy to get an appointment at short notice.I haven't had to wait in the emergency room. When I was growing up, I read an article discussing the terrible problem of long waiting times in emergency rooms. I read that sometimes, people even died while waiting to see a doctor. Confused, I asked my parents about when I broke my collarbone in fourth grade. I said that I hadn't remembered waiting in the emergency room and my parents explained that I had been looked at right away because my dad worked at the hospital.Any health-related question I have can be easily answered by calling my parents. I have a health question about anything-a strange stomachache, dizziness, etc.-I can just ask my parents and one of them is sure to know the answer.Free samples. My mother is a dermatologist and as a result I have benefited from free samples of acne medications, moisturizers and sunscreens, although she has received less over time as restrictions on giving doctors free things have increased. Because of her specialty, I am also more conscious of wearing sunscreen and using sun protection than almost anyone I know.Less obvious differences:People assume that you are wealthy and have a lot of money to spend.The truth is that my parents are very frugal people and although several of my friends have iPhones, my parents refuse to pay for any smartphone at all. I have one of the few cell phone models that could be obtained for free after a rebate with our family plan and anything else was out of the question. Growing up, my brothers and I never had a video gaming system and we knew that our house was not the one kids wanted to hang out at because of the cool stuff.People assume that you are smart and hardworking. When other people-especially professional adults-hear that both of my parents are doctors, they guess that I must be academically capable and probably driven. I feel that this has been an advantage in that these people have a good impression of me sometimes even before knowing me or my intelligence/work ethic.My parents are extremely safety conscious. This may not actually come directly from my parents being doctors, but growing up I was not allowed to do gymnastics, jump on a trampoline, ride a horse, or pierce my ears until I was 14 because my parents were more aware than others of the serious-but probably small-risks of these activities.I worry about 'living up to' my parents' success. As my dad went to Johns Hopkins for medical school and my mother went to a highly ranked institution as well, it is/will be very hard for me to compete with their accomplishments. Although I haven't determined yet what field I would like to go into after I graduate from college, I feel that I must obtain a professional or graduate degree at a good school or achieve some other kind of significant distinction or success in my career. Otherwise, I sometimes fear that I will be a disappointment to them. Their friends tend to be physicians and have have high-achieving children my age. I have already faced some of this in that my father's friends have children attending Penn, Harvard, Yale, etc. and although my dad is very happy with the honors program at the state school I attend-and the significant scholarship I have-I sometimes fear that my dad won't have as much to brag about when he talks about me or that he'll wonder what he did wrong in that he ended up doing very well in his career but I didn't.I have been indirectly encouraged to study the sciences. Although my parents have enjoyed their careers and I am certain they would be happy if I wanted to attend medical school, neither has ever pushed me in that direction. However, my parents aren't very interested in the humanities and social sciences and have a great respect for math, physics, biology, etc. Although my interests have tended to be in this direction as well, I am interested in a wide variety of topics and am sometimes concerned that if I don't choose a career that is based in mathematics or science that my parents will be disappointed.I am upset when people assert that physicians don't deserve to be paid as well as they do. My parents have studied very hard, paid a lot of money for many years of schooling, and have worked extremely long hours throughout their careers to be able to do what they do. My dad really loves being a doctor and works hard at it, but he isn't doing it as a way of becoming wealthy. For one, he is an internist and is near the lower end of the range of pay for physicians, and he is employed by a clinic where all the physicians are salaried and not paid more for ordering tests or working longer hours. He is paid enough, but we don't have a yacht or a vacation home in France. If people are upset that doctors are paid well, they may choose to be doctors themselves if they are willing to work for it. No one is stopping them from doing so. I do think that that there are problems with the healthcare system in the United States in terms of affordability, but it bothers me that other people believe that all or most doctors must be selfish and greedy because they are paid more than many other professions.Overall, I believe that it has been advantage to be the child of two doctors. It's really taught me the value of hard work and education and I am proud of my parents and their dedication to their careers.