Giving An Introduction Speech - The University Of Michigan Press: Fill & Download for Free

Before I knew of him, when he ran for the Senate my younger brother told me that Obama speaks in paragraphs. It comes out like written, grammatically correct. No uhs ahs. They said he relied on teleprompter. But a lot is not scripted. He has ten times the vocabulary of the Fordham/U Penn transfer student. I don’t like a lot of his politics. But you have to admire the man for his principles and morality. He was a good president. And I am a Republican!OpinionsWhere does Obama rank in American oratory?Barack Obama, then a state senator from Illinois, delivers the keynote speech at the Democratic National Convention in 2004, an address that ignited his national political career. (Lucian Perkins/The Washington Post)By Cinque Henderson January 13Cinque Henderson’s book on race and America’s public schools will be published this year.Barack Obama’s place in the pantheon of American presidents is now a historian’s parlor game. Is he a transformational leader like Franklin Roosevelt or more of a cultural figure like John Kennedy? If we were, however, to compare him only with the titans of black America, I think it is fair to say he is bested by only one person: Martin Luther King Jr. America was a completely different place in 1968, when King died, than it was in 1955, in the early days of the civil rights movement, transformed in large measure by the martyred leader’s remarkable words and deeds. If Obama’s policies survive the coming Republican onslaught, the president may yet eke past the civil rights icon in futhering material and social progress — even if in oratory, King is and will always be the clear winner.In a new book, “We Are the Change We Seek: The Speeches of Barack Obama,” we have been given the first partial, though still substantive, look at Obama’s words, and it is a political partisan’s dream to see them so finely gathered here. The editors, Washington Post columnists E.J. Dionne Jr. and Joy-Ann Reid, have assembled 26 of his best speeches, a greatest hits of sorts, tracking his rise from a little-known U.S. senator to the nation’s first black president, with each effort presented as a milestone in his political journey. With the curious exception of his speech announcing his intention to run for president in 2008, the most memorable of his orations are all here, from the 2002 speech opposing the war in Iraq to the eulogy grieving the victims of the Charleston, S.C., church massacre in 2015. Reading them, one realizes that despite how crowded the field of American political oratory may be — Abraham Lincoln, FDR, Kennedy, Ronald Reagan, Eleanor Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Fannie Lou Hamer, Malcolm X and countless other boldface names who could each give a master class in speechifying — Obama has nevertheless managed to carve out a unique place for himself.As the editors remind us in their marvelous introduction, Obama was the first politician since Reagan to ignite a national career with a single speech, his ringing tribute to blue- and red-state America at the 2004 Democratic National Convention. The editors are plainly fans, comparing him to the most illustrious of our nation’s presidents. Given the generally poor state of American oratory today (once upon a time, figures from senators to governors could be counted on to give presidents an oratorical run for their money; Daniel Webster, anyone?), the editor’s enthusiasms can be forgiven. I am not sure I agree with them, however, that Obama’s campaign slogan, “Yes we can,” ever became a “cultural phenomenon.” Beyoncé is a cultural phenomenon. But “Yes we can,” borrowed from Cesar Chavez’s United Farm Workers chant of “Si se puede,” a phrase rich with context in Spanish, felt more like a placeholder in English, waiting for something more thrilling to come along to unite the crowd."We Are the Change We Seek: The Speeches of Barack Obama," by E.J. Dionne Jr. and Joy-Ann Reid (Bloomsbury)But, ultimately, what type of speechmaker is Obama? Stylistically, he disdains the bon mot — the political pull-quote that we associate with most great speeches. There are no “ask not what your country can do”s, no “better angels of our nature,” no “there is nothing to fear”s of the kind that have made fixtures of some of the country’s most famous political utterances. Formally, the familiar figures of alliteration and chiasmus, which Kennedy loved (“ask not” being the most famous), Obama broadly eschews, though syntactical repetition is his go-to effect, as in his stirring speech objecting to the Iraq War, in which he repeated the phrase “I don’t oppose all wars” three times before announcing his opposition to “dumb wars.” Temperamentally, in dark times, Obama prefers uplift to chastened sorrow. We will never find him delivering as mournful a sermon as Bobby Kennedy did upon learning of the death of King, quoting Aeschylus’s poem on “the awful grace of God” to the anguished crowd. Obama’s speech on the school shooting in Newtown, Conn., whistled past despair.Obama has at times been called professorial, most recently by his wife. But this is another way of saying he is not a barn-burner. He does not burst with righteous indignation. If Ta-Nehisi Coates can be said to have introduced atheism into the stream of black American intellectual thought, then Obama can be said to have introduced a type of urgent secular sermonizing into black American political speech. His natural speaking voice is tonally as much like a Midwestern homilist’s as a Southern Baptist’s. In that sense, he is surprisingly less like King than he is like Malcolm X, who was born in Nebraska, and whose innate intellectualism made it hard to reach the impassioned spiritual heights of a Southern-born civil rights activist. Obama has been intrigued by the nationalist turned color-blind ecumenicalist at least since the 2008 primaries, when in the do-or-die contest against Hillary Clinton in South Carolina he stirred a crowd by invoking the “you been hoodwinked, bamboozled” speech from the movie “Malcolm X.”On the matter of the substance of Obama’s speeches, the editors make more stringent claims. Obama, they suggest, “was remarkably ineffective . . . in making the case for two of his major achievements, the economic stimulus and the health care program that bears his name.” This is not a minor point, and as the health-care law faces repeal, it is hard not to wish that a more decisive effort had been made.What the book is not designed to do is account for the unrehearsed speeches of the 44th president. Perhaps “speeches” is the wrong word, but I’m referring to the impromptu comments Obama made at the start of his presidency, saying a Cambridge, Mass., police officer had “acted stupidly” for arresting Harvard professor Henry Louis Gates Jr. for breaking into his own home in 2008. These fateful comments, lasting no longer than a few minutes, sliced open a wound in the body politic — the coalition of blacks, working-class whites and progressives — that Bill Clinton first sutured together some 20 years ago. According to a recent article, Obama’s popularity dropped 10 percentage points among the white working class and never recovered. It was a harbinger of things to come.What his comments, along with his second-term initiatives, revealed was that he leaned by natural instinct toward black Americans and white progressives, the first cultivated by his marriage to Michelle, the second by his upbringing in Hawaii as the son of a white academic. When the interests of those two constituencies aligned, Obama acted swiftly. Hence, the Gates imbroglio. When they diverged, he sided with the progressives, betting rightly that black Americans would stick by him no matter what. Climate change, Iran, same-sex marriage are the preoccupations of progressive intellectuals, not black people or the white working class.Those progressive instincts — the idea that we must constantly be moving forward and working to improve upon the nation’s character — are also partly a result of Obama’s immersion in the words of his most admired political forebear, Lincoln. Obama so deeply absorbed the lesson of Lincoln’s great speech at Gettysburg, that Americans be “dedicated to the unfinished work” of democracy, that the idea exists as the invisible backdrop to nearly every speech he gives, certainly the ones collected here. In 26 speeches, I counted nearly 30 explicit references to “remaining work” and “unfinished tasks.” His use of the word “progress” exceeds even that. Lincoln, as the editors point out, is truly Obama’s “first love.” But that affection and the need to continue that progressive forward movement may have also been the causes of Obama’s most fatal political mistake.As he pressed the case for an expanded progressive morality during his second term, most obviously with same-sex marriage, he would ultimately use the power of the national government to defend the rights of transgender students in North Carolina to use any public bathrooms they wanted. Obama lost North Carolina in 2012. His chosen successor, Clinton, echoing Obama’s progressive stance, lost it too, along with Ohio, Michigan and Pennsylvania, states once thought a lock for Democrats. An Ohio union leader would tell The Washington Post that once-loyal Democrats deserted her because they thought she cared more about what bathroom people should use than about creating jobs.Were it not for the 22nd Amendment (and his wife’s readiness to return to civilian life), Obama, whose gift for language is unmatched in contemporary times, may well have been able to paper over the widening divide in his party and turn back Donald Trump’s frontal assault on the Democratic base. He averred as much in a recent interview with David Axelrod, his former campaign stratetgist. But Clinton, never much of an orator, was helpless against Trump’s crude and crudely effective jabs. Any historian interested in Obama’s legacy would do well to start with this excellently curated and finely assessed look at Obama’s written and spoken words.But as Trump continues to tweet from the dank basement of American life, threatening to roll back Obama’s signature accomplishments, the notion that the legacy of the most eloquent president of the past 30 years may have been undone by a few unscripted remarks he made about a cop in the opening months of his presidency, exacerbated by his attachment to the words of our greatest president, may turn out to be the most distressing and ironic turn in modern political history. There will be many more tweets from Trump’s White House before we know for sure.WE ARE THE CHANGE WE SEEKThe Speeches of Barack ObamaEdited by E.J. Dionne andJoy-Ann ReidBloomsbury. 337 pp. $25Blessed is the speechmakerMonday, 30 January 2017EntertainmentBooksA collection of Barack Obama’s greatest speeches reveals both his vivid turn of phrase and fondness for repetition, writes Sam Leith, for The Observer.WE ARE THE CHANGE WE SEEK: The Speeches of Barack ObamaE.J. Dionne Jr and Joy-Ann ReidBloomsbury/Allen & Unwin.This "greatest hits" package of Barack Obama’s speeches is a thoughtfully chosen selection of 26 golden greats, going from his amiably stinging 2002 speech against the Iraq war as a state senator ("What I am opposed to is a dumb war") to his UN valediction last September, taking in the "race speech", the "red-state-blue-state speech", the Cairo speech on Islam, both inaugurals, the eulogies for the murdered pastor Clementa Pinckney and the victims of the Sandy Hook shooting, not to mention, of course, the electrifying speech he gave on election night.We see Obama in hope-mongering high style; we see him negotiating tricky questions with forensic intelligence; we see him on the attack and we see him in grief, at home in the black folk pulpit and on the international stage. Obama isn’t immune to the empty phrase — but you can see a serious mind at work, here, and a coherent world-view. You can also see how — as per Mario Cuomo’s remark that you campaign in poetry and govern in prose — the register comes down after the election. By the time he’s a couple of years in power and battling an obstructionist Congress, he sounds plain pissed off: not so much "yes we can" as "I am here to say that they are wrong".That said, even Obama super-fans might hesitate to read this book through from one cover to the other. He’s a remix artist — as was Martin Luther King — and the set phrases and the showy rhetorical tricks don’t half recur. You notice he leans heavily on the repetition games of anaphora (repeating a word or phrase at the beginning of successive sentences), epistrophe (repeating one at the end) and symploce (doing both things at once, sandwich-style). We keep meeting Michelle ("the love of my life"), Sasha and Malia ("I love you") and his grandma. We keep encountering the "arc of history" bending; we spot yet another little parable in the peroration ("There’s one story in particular . . ."); another reference to what "scripture tells us"; another evocation of the golden rule; more boilerplate about the "American promise"; another King quote; another crafty use of the date or the venue in which he’s speaking to give historical resonance.But it does to remember that speeches on the page are sheet music. Obama’s lived in his delivery, and he has an astonishing ear for cadence. Watch him, at his best, vamp round a phrase such as "yes, we can", and he hits the stresses like a jazz drummer.The chutzpah of the man is impressive: a few days before he flew to Norway to accept the Nobel Peace Prize, he announced plans to send 30,000 more troops to Afghanistan. Yet the speech he gave in Oslo took the issue head-on, making a case for just war in which he casts troops "not as makers of war, but as wagers of peace". That’s characteristic. Faced with the scandal over his former pastor Jeremiah Wright, Obama gave a speech on race that let nobody off the hook. Speaking at the Catholic University of Notre Dame, he addressed abortion directly. Among religious leaders he offered a tough discussion of the separation of church and state. In Cairo, he addressed Western-Muslim relations. Always conciliatory; always foxily co-optative; always looking for a reasonable common ground. Mind you, there are limits: the Sandy Hook speech doesn’t use the G-word once. And those promises to close Guantanamo . . .It wasn’t all vaulting words and airy dreams. Obama, having come up through Chicago, was also a steely political operator. Before the 2008 Democratic primaries, for instance, he gave a speech in Des Moines, Iowa to test the waters for a run at the nomination. The editors note: "As Obama committed his address to memory per dinner rules, his organising team worked to ensure that his partisans would dominate the audience. Ultimately, of the estimated 9000 people that attended, the Obama campaign claimed 3000 as its own supporters."There’s no special reason to buy these in dead tree form — all his major speeches are online — but the introduction is excellent and it’s a nice thing to have on your shelf. Lordy, we’re going to miss him.- Guardian News and Media

No. 1David R. JohnsonDavid R. Johnson is lawyer specializing in computer communications. He is a Senior Fellow at Center for Democracy and Technology, and a former chairman of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.Johnson graduated from Yale College with a B.A. summa cum laude in 1967. He completed a year of postgraduate study at University College, Oxford in 1968, and earned a J.D.from Yale Law School in 1972. For a year following graduation Johnson clerked for the Honorable Malcolm R. Wilkey of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia.Johnson joined Washington, D.C. law firm Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering in 1973, and became a partner in 1980. His practice focused primarily on the emerging area of electronic commerce, including counseling on issues relating to privacy, domain names and Internet governance issues, jurisdiction, copyright, taxation, electronic contracting, encryption, defamation, ISP and OSP liability, regulation, and other intellectual property matters.Johnson helped to write the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (1986) Johnson was active in the introduction of personal computers in law practice, acting as President and CEO of Counsel Connect, a system connecting corporate counsel and outside law firms, and serving the Board of the Center for Computer-Assisted Legal Instruction (CALI) and as a Trustee of the National Center for Automated Information Research (NCAIR).In October 1993, coincidental with the move of its main offices from Cambridge, Massachusetts to D.C., Johnson became a director of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.[2] In February 2005, while serving as the organization's Senior Policy Fellow, Johnson replaced founder Mitch Kapor as Chairman of the EFF Board.In the early 2000s, along with Post, Johnson was active in the re-organization of ICANN - penning several critical papers with Susan P. Crawford. In 2006 he collaborated with Crawford in the establishment of OneWebDay.From 2004-2009 Johnson held the post of Visiting Professor at New York Law School. In May 2009 he commenced a one year Senior Fellowship with the Center for Democracy and Technology.Writings• Law and Borders - The Rise of Law in Cyberspace co-authored with David G. Post, 48 Stanford Law Review 1367 (May 1996) (1997 McGannon Award)• The Life of the Law Online 51 N.Y.L. SCH. L. REV. 956 (2007) or First Monday, Issue 11-2.• THE ACCOUNTABLE NET:PEER PRODUCTION OF INTERNET GOVERNANCE w/ Susan P. Crawford, John G. Palfrey, Jr. (Aspen Institute) 2004No. 2Lawrence LessigLawrence Lessig is the Director of the Edmond J. Safra Foundation Center for Ethics at Harvard University, and a Professor of Law at Harvard Law School.Prior to returning to Harvard, Lessig was a Professor of Law at Stanford Law School (where he was founder of Stanford's Center for Internet and Society), Harvard Law School (1997-2000), and the University of Chicago Law School. Lessig clerked for Judge Richard Posner on the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals and Justice Antonin Scalia on the United States Supreme Court.His current academic work addresses the question of "institutional corruption" roughly, influences within an economy of influence that weaken the effectiveness of an institution, or weaken public trust. His current work at the EJ Safra Lab oversees a 5 year research project addressing institutional corruption in a number of institutional contexts.Lessig has won numerous awards, including the Free Software Foundation's Freedom Award, and was named one of Scientific American's Top 50 Visionaries. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society.Lessig serves on the boards of Creative Commons, MAPLight, Brave New Film Foundation, Change Congress, The American Academy, Berlin, Freedom House and iCommons.org. He is on the advisory board of the Sunlight Foundation. He has previously served on the boards of the Free Software Foundation, the Software Freedom Law Center, Electronic Frontier Foundation, the Public Library of Science, Free Press, and Public Knowledge. Lessig was also a columnist for Wired, Red Herring, and the Industry Standard.Lessig earned a BA in economics and a BS in management from the University of Pennsylvania, an MA in philosophy from Cambridge, and a JD from Yale. He has received honorary degrees from The University of Amsterdam, Athabasca University, and The Georgian-American University.Code is lawIn computer science, "code" typically refers to the text of a computer program (the source code). In law, "code" can refer to the texts that constitute statutory law. In his book Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, Lessig explores the ways in which code in both senses can be instruments for social control, leading to his dictum that "Code is law."Legislative reformDespite presenting an anti-regulatory standpoint in many fora, Lessig still sees the need for legislative enforcement of copyright. He has called for limiting copyright terms for creative professionals to five years, but believes that introducing the bureaucratic procedure needed to renew trademarks, by making copyright need to be renewed for up to 75 years after this five-year term, would mean that creative professionals' work, many of the independent, would become more easily and quickly available.Free CultureIn 2002, Lessig received the Award for the Advancement of Free Software from the Free Software Foundation (FSF), and on March 28, 2004 he was elected to the FSF's Board of Directors. In 2006, Lessig was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Lessig is also a well-known critic of copyright term extensions.He proposed the concept of "Free Culture". He also supports free software and open spectrum. At his Free Culture keynote at theO'Reilly Open Source Convention 2002, half of his speech was about software patents, which he views as a rising threat to both free/open source software and innovation.In March 2006, Lessig joined the board of advisors of the Digital Universe project. A few months later, Lessig gave a talk on the ethics of the Free Culture Movement at the 2006 Wikimania conference.Lessig claimed in 2009 that, because 70% of young people obtain digital information from illegal sources, the law should be changed.Net neutralityLessig has long been known to be a supporter of Net Neutrality. In 2006, he testified before the US Senate that he believed Congress should ratify Michael Powell's four Internet freedoms and add a restriction to access-tiering, i.e. he does not believe content providers should be charged different amounts. The reason is that the Internet, under the neutral end-to-end design is an invaluable platform for innovation, and the economic benefit of innovation would be threatened if large corporations could purchase faster service to the detriment of newer companies with less capital. However, Lessig has supported the idea of allowing ISPs to give consumers the option of different tiers of service at different prices. He was reported on CBC News as saying that he has always been in favour of allowing internet providers to charge differently for consumer access at different speeds. He said, "Now, no doubt, my position might be wrong. Some friends in the network neutrality movement as well as some scholars believe it is wrong - that it doesn't go far enough. But the suggestion that the position is 'recent' is baseless. If I'm wrong, I've always been wrong."Combating sexual abuseIn May 2005, it was revealed that Lessig had experienced sexual abuse by the director at the American Boychoir School which he had attended as an adolescent. Lessig reached a settlement with the school in the past, under confidential terms. He revealed his experiences in the course of representing another student victim, John Hardwicke, in court. In August 2006, he succeeded in persuading the New Jersey Supreme Court to restrict the scope of immunity radically, which had protected nonprofits that failed to prevent sexual abuse from legal liability.No. 3Steve ChabinskySteven Chabinsky served as Deputy Assistant Director and as the highest-ranking civilian position in the FBI's Cyber Division. In that capacity he helped oversee all FBI investigative strategies, intelligence analysis, policy development, and major outreach efforts that focused on protecting the United States from cyber attack, cyber espionage, online child exploitation, and Internet fraud. For over ten years, Mr. Chabinsky helped shape and draft many of the most significant US national cyber and infrastructure protection strategies, to include the Homeland Security Act of 2002, the National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace of 2003 and, in 2008, National Security Presidential Directive 54, which includes the Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative.Prior to joining the FBI, Mr. Chabinsky worked as an associate attorney in the law firm of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett in New York City practicing complex litigation including insurance and reinsurance contract disputes, class action product liability, and internal investigations. Mr. Chabinsky clerked for the Honorable Judge Dennis G. Jacobs (now Chief Judge) of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and holds his undergraduate and law degrees, both with honors, from Duke University. He has testified before the House and Senate, and is a frequent keynote speaker and guest lecturer. His ideas have been featured in print news media, he has appeared on radio and television, and he is the author of the article "Cybersecurity Strategy: A Primer for Policy Makers and Those on the Front Line," published in the peer-reviewed Journal of National Security Law and Policy. He is the recipient of numerous awards and recognitions, including the National Security Agency's bronze medallion for inspired leadership, the ODNI's bronze medallion for Collection, and the Rank Award of Meritorious Executive conferred by the President of the United States for unwavering leadership and sustained extraordinary performance. In August 2012, Mr. Chabinsky was selected as one of Security magazine's "Most Influential People in Security."No. 4Pavan DuggalPavan Duggal is one of the pioneers in the field of Cyberlaw and is Asia's leading authority on Cyberlaw. He is a practicing Advocate, Supreme Court of India and a Cyberlaw Consultant. He is the President of Cyberlaws.Net -, The Cyberlaw Consultancy which is Internet's unique and first ever consultancy dedicated exclusively to the new field of Cyberlaw.He is the Founder President of Cyberlaw Asia, Asia’s pioneering organization committed to the passing of dynamic Cyberlaws in the Asian continent. Cyberlaw Asia is engaged in the process of creating greater awareness about Cyberlaws in different countries of Asia.Pavan has been associated with UNESCO on Ethical, Legal, and Societal Challenges of Cyberspace in Asia and the Pacific. He is the consultant to United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) on the Asia Pacific Conference on Cybercrime and Information Security 2002.He is Member of Nominating Committee of The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) . He is also member of the Membership Advisory Committee and Membership Implementation Task Force (MITF) of ICANN and is involved in the legal issues of At Large Membership of this global body.He is the Member of the Public Interest http://Registry’s.Org Advisory Council .Pavan is doing a lot of work in the area of Intellectual property rights in the electronic medium and in cyberspace. He is a member of the World Intellectual Property Organization Arbitration and Mediation Centre's Panel of Neutrals. He has acted as an arbitrator in various domain name disputes of the World Intellectual Property Organization.Pavan is the member of AFACT Legal Working Group of UN/CEFACT.Pavan has vetted and reviewed the e-primer on Cyberlaw prepared by e-Asean Task Force as an expert authority.He is the Cyberlaw correspondent for the Global Legal Publication JURIST: The Legal Education Network.He is advising the Controller of Certifying Authorities, Ministry of Information Technology, Government of India on issues concerning the Indian Cyberlaw namely, The Information Technology Act, 2000. He is also the Member of the IT Act Legal Advisory Group constituted by the Controller of Certifying Authorities.Pavan has also the credit of having done pioneering work in the field of Convergence Law. Pavan Duggal has testified before the Indian Parliamentary Standing Committee on Information Technology, on the Communication Convergence Bill, 2001.Pavan is the Founder President of Cyberlaw India . He has also founded The Cyberlaw Association. He is the Founder of Cyberarbitration, an online system of alternative dispute resolution.Being a prolific writer , he has authored three books entitled " Cyberlaw in India " , " Cyberlaw The Indian Perspective " and " Indian Convergence Law " . Pavan writes regularly, inter-alia amongst others, every Sunday his Cyberlaw column " Brief Cases " in The Economic Times.He has been invited as a distinguished speaker on various issues of Cyberlaw at numerous International Internet Fora, conferences and exhibitions like India Internet World, 1998, 1999 , 2000 & 2001 at New Delhi; E-biz-2000, E-BizIndia-2000, E-Governance Conference; Apricot 1999 at Singapore; and Regional Meeting of Infoethics (UNESCO), 2000 at Beijing.Pavan has been invited as a speaker on Cyber Terrorism at the 11th Annual AMIC conference in Perth, Australia. He was also plenary speaker at the Regional Seminar on the Root Causes of Terrorism and the Role of Youth organized by the World Youth Foundation on the subject of Cybercrime and Cyber Terrorism. He was invited by the Mauritian Management Association to conduct the first of its kind seminar on Cyberlaw in Mauritius in August 2002.Achievements [edit]He has been a member of number of committees namely:• The ICANN Nominating Committee representing the Asia Pacific region, 2003 and 2004.[3]• Membership Advisory Committee of The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).[4]No. 5Parry AftabParry Aftab is an American lawyer specializing in Internet privacy and security law, and is considered "one of the founders of the field of cyberlaw". She is the Executive Director of wiredsafety, a volunteer organization dedicated to online safety. She was featured in Chris Hansen's book, To Catch a Predator. She created the StopCyberbullying Coalition to help address cyberbullying and digital abuse issues.She was appointed to the federal NTIA Online Safety and Technology Working Group (OSTWG) and the Berkman Center's Internet Safety Technical Task Force (ISTTF). Facebook appointed her to its Safety Advisory Board. She advises MTV as well..Aftab assisted the UN at its recent Cyberhate Conference. Aftab was one of 24 experts and industry leaders appointed to the Congressionally created NTIA Online Safety and Technology Working Group (OSTWG) in 2009. She was one of the 29 members of the Berkman Center's Internet Safety Technical Task Force (ISTTF). On April 15, 2009 Parry joined Diane Sawyer in the first town meeting on morning TV, on the topic of sexting. She keynoted the Children and ICT event held in Gijón, Spain as part of the EU Safer Internet initiative.In 2009, Parry Aftab created the StopCyberbullying Coalition to help address cyberbullying and digital abuse issues. The StopCyberbullying Coalition members include Facebook, AOL, Microsoft, Build-A-Bear, Procter & Gamble, Google, Yahoo!, Disney, Webkinz, the Girl Scouts of the USA, Buzz Marketing Group, MTV and others. Her work on sexting issues began in 1998 when a teenaged girl sent nude and sexual videos to a boy she liked. She is working with the families of the girls who took their own lives after their sexting images were used to harass them and were broadcast to their communities.Facebook appointed Aftab to its Safety Advisory Board. She advises MTV as well.Parry Aftab told the Minnesota School Board Association at their annual meeting in August 2009 that they need to address cyberbullying. She warned that they have to adopt a cell phone policy and enforce it.Following September 11, Parry Aftab's charity, WiredSafety, helped protect the families of those killed at the World Trade Center. She worked to help children worldwide get past the fear they felt following the attacks. She found a rescue worker who had worked at Ground Zero with his search and rescue dog, Servous. To help children understand the rescue dogs issue better, she wrote a children's story published on http://WiredKids.org.Awards and honorsIn June 2009, Aftab contributed to the United Nations "2009 Unlearning Intolerance Seminar" entitled, "Cyberhate: Danger in Cyber Space."In November 2010, "Mrs. Aftab [became] the 2010 New Jersey recipient of the FBI Director's Community Leadership Award (DCLA)"Works• Child Abuse on the Internet. Ending the Silence, Carlos A. Arnaldo, Ed., Chapter 21: "The Technical Response: Blocking, Filtering and Rating the Internet", pp. 135–140 (2001)ISBN 92-3-103728-5 ISBN 978-9231037283• Inocencia en Peligro : Conviva con sus Hijos y Protéjalos Cuando Naveguen por Internet (2001) ISBN 970-10-3297-7 ISBN 978-9701032978• The Parent's Guide to Protecting Your Children in Cyberspace (1999) ISBN 0-07-135752-1 ISBN 978-0071357524• Parents Guide to the Internet: And How to Protect Your Children in Cyberspace (1997) ISBN 0-9660491-0-1 ISBN 978-0966049107• Servous The Rescue Dog (online, undated)[14]No. 6S J TubrazyS J Tubrazy ‘Shahid Jamal Tubrazy’ is practicing lawyer in banking recovery laws and cyber laws from Pakistan. He is managing partner of sjtubrazy & co a law firm locates in Lahore Pakistan. He is professor of cyber laws in reputed law colleges. He has conducted various seminars liaison with FIA (NR3C) a law federal enforcement agency Pakistan. He is pioneer to lay down the basic foundation ‘cyber jurisprudence’ and also interpret it exhaustively.Works / PublicationValidated Cyber Law Definitions by SJTubrazyCyber Jurisprudence , Quantum Computing, Cyberspace, Cyber lawyer, Cyberwill, Digital Afterlife , Digital Death, Digital Inheritance, Digital Will, Digital Property, Digital Assets, Clouding computing, SJ Tubrazy lawyer, cyber advocate, internet lawyer, internet advocate, internet lawyer, computer lawyer, Pakistan, Digital Worth, Digital Ownership, Online Legacy, Digital Vault, Digital Storage, Internet Transfer, Web Legacy, Web Death, Web Storage, Web Ownership, Web Footprint, Virtual Death, Virtual Property, Virtual IdentityBooks1. Manual of Cyber Laws in Pakistan. (2013-14)2. The Investigation for Fair Trial Act 2013. (2013-14)3. Electronic Transaction laws in PakistanPractice and Procedure ( 2013-14)4. Electronic Fund Transfers laws in Pakistan,Practice and Procedure Up to Date Commentary ( 2013-2014)5. Uniform Domain Name Disputes Resolution Policy (Comprehensive Commentary with relevant WIPO decisions) (2013-14)6. Prevention of Eletronic Crimes Ordinance (commentary) (2007-08)7. Uniform Domain Name Disputes Resolution Policy (Commentary with WIPO decisions) (2006-07)Awards1. Awards of Merits (PLC+FIA)Concepts1. Cyber Jurisprudence2. Cyber Execution.Wok for Public Interest1. Writ Petition for enforcement of Section 12 of Electronic Ordinance 20022. Case Against Goolge & Bing for search results pornographic images for non-pornographic terms 'HOT'No. 7John P. BeardwoodJohn Beardwood is a partner of the firm, engaged in a corporate/commercial practice, with an emphasis on outsourcing and procurement, technology and privacy law related matters. John is regularly listed among the world's preeminent internet and e-commerce lawyers in Who's Who Legal - The International Who's Who of Business Lawyers where, in addition to being referred to as "an authority on outsourcing" in the guide to Internet and E-Commerce Lawyers, he is identified as being both one of the two most highly nominated Canadian lawyers in the guide, and one of the ten "most highly regarded individuals" globally; and is also included as a leading lawyer in the Internet & e-Commerce chapter of Who's Who Legal: Canada 2010. He is listed inChambers Global – The World's Leading Lawyers for Business 2010, for Information Technology. He is consistently recognized in The Best Lawyers in Canada for information technology law, and highly recommended as an outsourcing practitioner in thePLC Which Lawyer? Yearbook and in the PLC Outsourcing Handbook. His biography is included in the Canadian Who's Who.John is Co-Chair of the National Technology and Intellectual Property Practice Group; Co-Chair of the National Outsourcing Practice Group; and Vice-Chair of the Privacy and Information Protection Practice Group.Honours and Awards• Chambers Global 2011-2013 for Information Technology• Canadian Legal Lexpert Directory 2010-2011 for Computer & IT Law• Who's Who Legal Guide to Internet & e-Commerce Lawyers as being one of the ten "most highly regarded individuals" globally• Practical Law Company's Cross-border Outsourcing Handbook 2010 and Which Lawyer? Yearbook 2008-2009 as "Highly Recommended" for Outsourcing (Canada)• International Who's Who of Internet and e-Commerce Lawyers in 2008-2009• Best Lawyers in Canada 2008-2013 for Information Technology Law• National Post's "Best Lawyers in Canada" 2007-2008 for IT lawNo. 8William "Terry" W. FisherWilliam "Terry" W. Fisher is the WilmerHale Professor of Intellectual Property Law at Harvard Law School and faculty director of the Berkman Center for Internet and Society. His primary research and teaching areas are intellectual property law and legal history.In his book Promises to Keep: Technology, Law and the Future of Entertainment (Stanford University Press 2004), Fisher proposes replacing much of copyright and digital rights management with a government-administered reward system. Under such a scheme, movies and songs would be legal to download. Authors and artists would receive compensation from the government based on how often their works were read, watched, or listened to. The system would be funded by taxes.Fisher is one of the founders of Noank Media, a private enterprise similar in many ways to the proposal of Promises to Keep. Noank licenses and distributes digital content by collecting blanket-license revenues from internet services providers and distributing revenues to authors and artists based on the size of their audience.Fisher was among the lawyers, along with his colleague John Palfrey and the law firm of Jones Day, who represented Shepard Fairey, pro bono, in his law suit against the Associated Press related to the iconic Hope poster.[3]An alumnus of Amherst College, Fisher received a law degree and a Ph.D. in the history of American civilization from Harvard University. He was a law clerk to U.S. Supreme Courtjustice Thurgood Marshall.Prof. Fisher is currently teaching an online version of Copyright law course on edX to a group of selected students.No. 9MARVIN AMMORIMarvin Ammori is a leading First Amendment lawyer and Internet policy expert. He was instrumental to the adoption of network neutrality rules in the US and abroad–having been perhaps the nation’s leading legal advocate advancing network neutrality–and also instrumental to the defeat of the SOPA and PIPA copyright/censorship bills.He is a Legal Fellow with the New America Foundation Open Technology Initiative and an Affiliate Scholar at Stanford Law School’s Center for Internet & Society. He also heads a law firm and consulting practice, the Ammori Group, whose clients include leading Internet companies and nonprofit organizations. The Ammori Group’s site includes a longer bio and some kind words about his work.Before starting the Ammori Group, he was a law professor at Nebraska, where he led a program working with U.S. CyberCommand to educate the military’s first generation of “cyberwar” lawyers. His main academic contributions have been in First Amendment theory and doctrine. He left academia to return to Washington, DC, to be a participant again, rather than a spectator, in shaping public policy to advance innovation and free speech.Before being a law professor, he was a leading advocate for civil liberties and consumer rights as the head lawyer of Free Press. In that capacity, and as the lead lawyer on the seminal Comcast/BitTorrent case, he was perhaps the nation’s leading lawyer on network neutrality, the nation’s most debated Internet policy issue and amongst the nation’s most important recent policy debates. During 2007 and 2008, he was a technology policy advisor to the Obama campaign and to the Presidential Transition.He is also a Term Member of the Council on Foreign Relations and a member of the Council’s Term Member Advisory Committee. He is an Affiliate Fellow of the Yale Information Society Project, an advisor to the University of Michigan’s Michigan in Washington Program, and collaborates with Stanford’s Center for International Security and Cooperation.He graduated from Harvard Law School, taught on fellowships at Yale and Georgetown law schools, and earned his undergraduate degree from the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor. He loves ice cream.Works / PublicationsCan the FTC Save Uber?Author(s): Marvin AmmoriTaxi commissions are crushing disruptive transportation apps. Marvin Ammori discusses in this Slate article. Read more » about Can the FTC Save Uber?The Conversation: Time to Mobilize for CyberwarAuthor(s): Marvin AmmoriPROTECT IP Act (S.968) and Stop Online Privacy Act (H.R.3261)Author(s): Marvin AmmoriFirst Amendment ArchitectureAuthor(s): Marvin AmmoriNo. 10DAVID LEVINEDavid Levine is an Assistant Professor of Law at Elon University School of Law and an Affiliate Scholar at the Center for Internet and Society (CIS). Aside from the copyright and fair use areas for which CIS has become known, Dave's research interests include the operation of intellectual property law at the intersection of the technology field and public life, intellectual property's impact on transparency, and the impact of copyright law in the arts. Currently, Dave is researching the use of trade secrecy's inevitable disclosure doctrine and intellectual property law's impact on public transparency.In addition to the publications below, Dave has been quoted in articles in newspapers including the Los Angeles Times and appeared on CNBC, spoken at several intellectual property and cyberlaw conferences, and testified before the Library of Congress' National Recording Preservation Board. Dave also hosts an interview talk show on KZSU-FM (Stanford), 90.1 on the dial, entitled "Hearsay Culture" where he interviews people involved with technology. The show airs from 5 to 6 PM PST on Wednesdays, and is available by live stream here, by iTunes podcast here, on CIS' podcast feed here, or on the Hearsay Culture website feed.After earning a bachelor of science degree from Cornell University’s New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations in 1994, Dave was the Legislative Aide for the Hon. Sandy Galef, New York State Assemblywoman; additionally, he was the volunteer Field Director for the New York State chapter of the Concord Coalition, with which he remains involved. During law school, Dave was a summer extern for the Hon. Adlai S. Hardin, United States Bankruptcy Judge in the Southern District of New York.Upon graduating from Case Western Reserve University School of Law, Dave practiced law in Manhattan as an associate in the litigation departments of Windels Marx Lane & Mittendorf LLP (formerly Lane & Mittendorf LLP) and thereafter Pryor Cashman Sherman & Flynn LLP. At Pryor Cashman, Dave worked on a variety of cases in the intellectual property and technology litigation fields for several entertainment and fashion industry clients. Dave was an Assistant Corporation Counsel for the New York City Law Department, Office of the Corporation Counsel. In 2005-2007.

This article explains that Jeff Bezos also invested $250,000 in the first angel round in Google and that at today's prices his shares would be worth $1.6 billion.http://kara.allthingsd.com/20091005/new-yorker-bezos-initial-google-investment-was-250000-in-1998-because-i-just-fell-in-love-with-larry-and-sergey/I also just just found this well written article:http://www.theangelinvestor.com/article/100030;jsessionid=162352D2611033DDE9D8838BE85A3FF6/Google:-The-Worlds-greatest-Angel-Investment/Google: The World's greatest Angel InvestmentBrian Perry22-Aug-06We all know what an angel investor is or is supposed to be. For some of us, this conjures up images of near miss financial ruin and for others, a sense of financial bliss. But what does it really mean to have a “hit” with an angel investment? Do we all measure our success by the same results? For some of us, it might be a return of five times our investment over a five year period. For others, it might be looking for “the next big thing” with returns you can’t even fathom.In the hottest angel investment country in the World, the US, last year had some 227,000 angels and pumped $23 billion into start-ups, up 3% from 2004, according to the University of New Hampshire’s Centre for Venture Research. In 1996 there were only about ten angel groups in the U.S.; today there are more than 200. The single greatest reason for this change is the fact most Venture Capital firms have started to favour larger, later-stage investments and therefore leave a gap in funding for early stage businesses and start-ups.The UK market is also showing strong signs of angel investment activity. According to the British Venture Capital Association (BVCA), last year their members backed more than 1,300 UK businesses and almost 80% of these were made for less than £2m.The BVCA’s latest Report on Investment Activity shows that investment in start up businesses last year increased by a robust 67% to £160m.The number of early stage businesses receiving funding rose by 8% to almost 500 in 2005, representing almost 40% of all companies backed by the industry during the year.Angel investing isn’t something that has only been around since the 90’s. The common perception is that angels have been around since the days of Broadway and they were the people who “came from the heavens” to aid these hard to finance theatrical “businesses”. The reality is, angel investing has been around for as long as there have been businesses. Perhaps that Marrakesh spice merchant wanting a stand in the local souk 2000 years ago was started with a loan from an investor selling a goat. Chances are, the returns in those days were fairly modest compared to some of today but the fact still remains, angel investing has been around for a very long time and is likely to only increase in coming years.FAMOUS ANGEL INVESTMENTSMoving ahead a few years to the 1878 Paris Exhibition, a few highly prominent chaps by the name of J.P.Morgan and Spencer Trask decided to back a crazy idea called “electricity” that was being pitched by none other than Thomas Edison. No need to expand on the success of that angel investment. Some of the more famous angel investments include Ian McGlinn making an investment back in 1976 in an innovative little startup called The Body Shop. Back in 1994, there was a guy in the US selling books from his garage via the internet. 12 angels later and Amazon.com was born, 2005 sales were over $5 billion!Mark CubanThe wealthy Texan who sold Broadcast.com to Yahoo for $5.7 billion in 1999, recently signed on as an angel investor in Brondell, a San Francisco based manufacturer of Japanese-style toilet seats that wash and dry your behind. Some have questioned Cuban’s reasoning for doing such a deal. According to Brondell co-founder Scott Pinizzotto, Cuban looks for companies that target the masses. “There are 220 million residential toilets in the United States,” Pinizzotto explains. “That’s our installed base, and that’s what got Cuban excited.”1 In December, Cuban invested an undisclosed amount in the company, opening up the pearly gates for other angels: Brondell has now attracted $1.3 million in seed funding.Eric HahnEric Hahn is one of Silicon Valley’s superangels, a former Netscape CTO who has completed early stage investments in Good Technology, Opsware, red Hat, and Zimbra. He invests his own money, but only in start-ups that possess hard-to-replicate technology. “For example,” Hahn says, “I would have passed on eBay. It’s a great company, but it was mainly an exercise in building a brand.”2Andy BechtolsheimThe second most famous angel investment in recent years (number one to come shortly) was probably the $100,000 check that Sun Microsystems co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim made out to Google after watching Larry Page and Sergey Brin demonstrate their search-engine software. The check was uncashable at first, as a legal entity, Google didn’t exist yet, but once the company’s incorporation papers were completed and filed, the money enabled Page and Brin to move out of their dorm rooms and into the marketplace.Aside from the commonly talked about angel investment successes of Amazon and Body Shop, even the likes of Apple, Kinko’s and Starbucks all got their starts with the help of angel investors, as did current rising stars such as Digg, LinkedIn, and Simply Hired.However, as any angel is fully aware of, not all angel investments go as planned and produce those big hits all are striving for. Doug Richards knows this very well as an investment angel on BBC 2’s “Dragons’ Den”, one of a team of elite business people able to dash the hopes or make dreams come true for eager entrepreneurs with ideas to sell.During the first two series, Richard made eight investment offers of which two were accepted. Unfortunately for him, one of them has already failed but to a philosophical entrepreneur like Richard, that’s no big deal. “It’s part of the life of being a high risk angel investor,” he says. “I don’t begrudge the investment – but I lost it. £60,000.”3One thing all angels tend to agree on:“Devote only a small portion of your portfolio, say 3% to 10%, to such risky investments.”Google: The World’s Greatest Angel InvestmentHere is a brief summary of Google’s humble beginnings and straight from the company itself:According to Google lore, company founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin were not terribly fond of each other when they first met as Stanford University graduate students in computer science in 1995. Larry was a 24-year-old University of Michigan alumnus on a weekend visit; Sergey, 23, was among a group of students assigned to show him around. They argued about every topic they discussed. Their strong opinions and divergent viewpoints would eventually find common ground in a unique approach to solving one of computing’s biggest challenges: retrieving relevant information from a massive set of data.By January of 1996, Larry and Sergey had begun collaboration on a search engine called BackRub, named for its unique ability to analyze the “back links” pointing to a given website. Larry, who had always enjoyed tinkering with machinery and had gained some notoriety for building a working printer out of Lego™ bricks, took on the task of creating a new kind of server environment that used low-end PCs instead of big expensive machines. Afflicted by the perennial shortage of cash common to graduate students everywhere, the pair took to haunting the department’s loading docks in hopes of tracking down newly arrived computers that they could borrow for their network.A year later, their unique approach to link analysis was earning BackRub a growing reputation among those who had seen it. Buzz about the new search technology began to build as word spread around campus.1998: The search for a buyerLarry and Sergey continued working to perfect their technology through the first half of 1998. Following a path that would become a key tenet of the Google way, they bought a terabyte of disks at bargain prices and built their own computer housings in Larry’s dorm room, which became Google’s first data center. Meanwhile Sergey set up a business office, and the two began calling on potential partners who might want to license a search technology better than any then available. Despite the dotcom fever of the day, they had little interest in building a company of their own around the technology they had developed.Among those they called on was friend and Yahoo! founder David Filo. Filo agreed that their technology was solid, but encouraged Larry and Sergey to grow the service themselves by starting a search engine company. “When it’s fully developed and scalable,” he told them, “let’s talk again.” Others were less interested in Google, as it was now known. One portal CEO told them, “As long as we’re 80 percent as good as our competitors, that’s good enough. Our users don’t really care about search.”Touched by an angelUnable to interest the major portal players of the day, Larry and Sergey decided to make a go of it on their own. All they needed was a little cash to move out of the dorm — and to pay off the credit cards they had maxed out buying a terabyte of memory. So they wrote up a business plan, put their Ph.D. plans on hold, and went looking for an angel investor. Their first visit was with a friend of a faculty member.Andy Bechtolsheim, one of the founders of Sun Microsystems, was used to taking the long view. One look at their demo and he knew Google had potential — a lot of potential. But though his interest had been piqued, he was pressed for time. As Sergey tells it, “We met him very early one morning on the porch of a Stanford faculty member’s home in Palo Alto. We gave him a quick demo. He had to run off somewhere, so he said, ‘Instead of us discussing all the details, why don’t I just write you a check?’ It was made out to Google Inc. and was for $100,000.”The investment created a small dilemma. Since there was no legal entity known as “Google Inc.,” there was no way to deposit the check. It sat in Larry’s desk drawer for a couple of weeks while he and Sergey scrambled to set up a corporation and locate other funders among family, friends, and acquaintances. Ultimately they brought in a total initial investment of almost $1 million.Everyone’s favourite garage bandIn September 1998, Google Inc. opened its door in Menlo Park, California. The door came with a remote control, as it was attached to the garage of a friend who sublet space to the new corporation’s staff of three. The office offered several big advantages, including a washer and dryer and a hot tub. It also provided a parking space for the first employee hired by the new company: Craig Silverstein, now Google’s director of technology.Already Google.com, still in beta, was answering 10,000 search queries each day. The press began to take notice of the upstart website with the relevant search results, and articles extolling Google appeared in USA TODAY and Le Monde. That December, PC Magazine named Google one of its Top 100 Web Sites and Search Engines for 1998. Google was moving up in the world.1999: On the road againGoogle quickly outgrew the confines of its Menlo Park home, and by February 1999 had moved to an office on University Avenue in Palo Alto. At eight employees, Google’s staff had nearly tripled, and the service was answering more than 500,000 queries per day. Interest in the company had grown as well. Red Hat signed on as its first commercial search customer, drawn in part by Google’s commitment to running its servers on the open source operating system Linux.On June 7, the company announced that it had secured a round of funding that included $25 million from the two leading venture capital firms in Silicon Valley, Sequoia Capital and Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers. In a replay of the convergence of opposites that gave birth to Google, the two firms — normally fiercely competitive, but seeing eye-to-eye on the value of this new investment — both took seats on the board of directors. Mike Moritz of Sequoia and John Doerr of Kleiner Perkins — who between them had helped grow Sun Microsytems, Intuit, Amazon, and Yahoo! — joined Ram Shriram, CEO of Junglee, at the ping pong table that served as formal boardroom furniture.In short order, key hires began to fill the company’s modest offices. Omid Kordestani left Netscape to accept a position as vice president of business development and sales, and Urs Hölzle was hired away from UC Santa Barbara as vice president of engineering. It quickly became obvious that more space was needed. At one point the office became so cramped that employees couldn’t stand up from their desks without others tucking their chairs in first.No beta search engineThe gridlock was alleviated with the move to the Googleplex, Google’s current headquarters in Mountain View, California. And tucked away in one corner of the two-story structure, the Google kernel continued to grow — attracting staff and clients and drawing attention from users and the press. AOL/Netscape selected Google as its web search service and helped push traffic levels past 3 million searches per day. Clearly, Google had evolved. What had been a college research project was now a real company offering a service that was in great demand.On September 21, 1999, the beta label came off the website.Still Google continued to expand. The Italian portal Virgilio signed on as a client, as did Virgin Net, the UK’s leading online entertainment guide. The spate of recognition that followed included a Technical Excellence Award for Innovation in Web Application Development from PC Magazine and inclusion in several “best of” lists, culminating with Google’s appearance on Time magazine’s Top Ten Best Cybertech list for 1999.2000: Built-in innovationAt the Googleplex, a unique company culture was evolving. To maximize the flexibility of the work space, large rubber exercise balls were repurposed as highly mobile office chairs in an open environment free of cubicle walls. While computers on the desktops were fully powered, the desks themselves were wooden doors held up by pairs of sawhorses. Lava lamps began sprouting like multihued mushrooms. Large dogs roamed the halls — among them Yoshka, a massive but gentle Leonberger. After a rigorous review process, Charlie Ayers was hired as company chef, bringing with him an eclectic repertoire of health-conscious recipes he developed while cooking for the Grateful Dead. Sections of the parking lot were roped off for twice-weekly roller hockey games. Larry and Sergey led weekly TGIF meetings in the open space among the desks, which easily accommodated the company’s 60-odd employees.The informal atmosphere bred both collegiality and an accelerated exchange of ideas. Google staffers made many incremental improvements to the search engine itself and added such enhancements as the Google Directory (based on Netscape’s Open Directory Project) and the ability to search via wireless devices. Google also began thinking globally, with the introduction of ten language versions for users who preferred to search in their native tongues.Google’s features and performance attracted new users at an astounding rate. The broad appeal of Google search became apparent when the site was awarded both a Webby Award and a People’s Voice Award for technical achievement in May 2000. Sergey’s and Larry’s five-word acceptance speech: “We love you, Google users!” The following month, Google officially became the world’s largest search engine with its introduction of a billion-page index — the first time so much of the web’s content had been made available in a searchable format.Through careful marshalling of its resources, Google had avoided the need for additional rounds of funding beyond its original venture round. Already clients were signing up to use Google’s search technology on their own sites. With the launch of a keywordtargeted advertising program, Google added another revenue stream that began moving the company into the black. By mid-2000, these efforts were beginning to show real results.On June 26, Google and Yahoo! announced a partnership that solidified the company’s reputation — not just as a provider of great technology, but as a substantial business answering 18 million user queries every day. In the months that followed, partnership deals were announced on all fronts, with China’s leading portal NetEase and NEC’s BIGLOBE portal in Japan both adding Google search to their sites.To extend the power of its keyword-targeted advertising to smaller businesses, Google introduced AdWords, a self-service ad program that could be activated online with a credit card in a matter of minutes. And in late 2000, to enhance users’ power to search from anywhere on the web, Google introduced the Google Toolbar. This innovative browser plug-in made it possible to use Google search without visiting the Google homepage, either using the toolbar’s search box or right-clicking on text within a web page, as well as enabling the highlighting of keywords in search results. The Google Toolbar would prove enormously popular and has since been downloaded by millions of users.As 2000 ended, Google was already handling more than 100 million search queries a day and continued to look for new ways to connect people with the information they needed, whenever and wherever they needed it.4Ram ShriramIs there really any need to give you “the rest of the Google story”? We all know Google today as a common household name. With their recent IPO and surging stock prices, they have become one of the largest companies in the World. Wow, would I have ever loved to be an angel investor in Google! Wait a minute, what about those two guys briefly mentioned in “Google Lore”; Andy Bechtolsheim, who we always seem to hear about as the “golden boy” of Google and Ram Shriram. Who was that last one? Ram Shriram? Who is this Shriram angel investor and how come we don’t hear more about him? Did he make any money? Is he still part of the company? Let’s take a closer look.Ram Shriram Joined the Google board at its creation. Prior to that, Shriram was vice president of business development at Amazon. com, reporting to Jeff Bezos, founder and CEO. During Shriram’s tenure at Amazon.com he grew the customer base from 3 million to 11 million users. Prior to Amazon. com, Shriram was president of Junglee Corp., a company that Amazon acquired in 1998. Before joining Junglee, Shriram was an early member of the Netscape Communications executive team. He initiated and built relationships with a targeted set of partners worldwide, helping Netscape to build market share and revenue momentum. In 1996, Shriram crafted Netscape’s indirect channels of distribution worldwide, and managed several hundred people with 16 direct reports across three continents (North America, Europe, and Asia), producing well over half of Netscape’s $346 million annual revenue. A year later, Shriram oversaw the OEM and website sales functions at Netscape, and helped generate more than $100 million in revenue from Netscape’s high-traffic website alone.Shriram also serves on the board of Yodlee.com and Elance.com, and is a leading angel investor in Silicon Valley.Does Ram Shriram really have the Midas touch (as recently ranked by Forbes magazine as number 3 on their Midas List)? Is he in fact the greatest angel investor of all time? Really, who is this man?In a recent interview with John Heilemann from Business 2.0, Heilemann gives us some insight into “the man with the Midas touch”.Heilemann states that “Ram Shriram is by nature a cheerful, easygoing guy, but if you want to get him a little miffed, just call him an angel investor.” What! He doesn’t want to be called an angel investor? Why not? Should he not take pride in the fact he is possibly the greatest angel investor to have ever lived on this planet?Shriram likes to think of himself as a “start-up sherpa . Through his operating company Sherpalo, Shriram says he operates a very basic operation with no staff and no offices. How could this “start-up sherpa”, Google God and the managing partner of his investment firm Sherpalo not have an enormous infrastructure with staff buzzing all around? Shriram admits “I have no staff, no office, no institutional scaffolding. There are times I think it might be nice to have deep-pocketed limited partners to provide me with some cushion. But I enjoy having no responsibilities except to myself, financially. And so far it’s turned out quite well."5Hey wait a minute, are we talking about the real Ram Shriram here? Shriram’s angel investment in Google’s IPO netted him more shares than any other solo investor, 5.1 million which he literally paid pennies for each (not public knowledge but most expect his original investment was between $100,000 - $200,000 USD). Last count has him owning 2.8 million shares and guess what Google’s stock was trading at when this article was written? Are you sitting down? $418 per share. Yes, my calculator said “error” as well when trying to calculate how much this investment made him and how much Google stock he presently owns.So how did this regular man develop his Midas touch? Of course it all isn’t a matter of luck. Shriram has a fairly impressive resume and has worked with a great number of top US firms, pre and post bubble. He appears to me a man driven by working on only startups. Could that be the secret? If you visit his website, he makes it very clear what sort of companies he is looking to invest in;Disruptive technologies, i.e. technology that addresses an existing customer base and provides a product or service that meets an existing need more cheaply and/or more efficiently. For example, when CDs were introduced to the music business, they were a disruptive technology, changing the status quo, and requiring users to purchase new hardware, despite there being a significant installed-base of record players and record collections. (See The Innovator’s Dilemma by Clayton Christensen, copyright 1997, Harvard College.)We are especially interested in:Break-through ideas in consumer Internet services;Patent pending technology with mass commercial appeal; and/orCreative new business models that alter the status quo and make the world a better place as a result.6Shriram states he is never active in more than three or four startups at once. “Almost every day I’m physically at one of them,” he explains. “I stay close to the scene of the crime.”7Perhaps success comes to Shriram because he states his formula is relentless independence. “My only loyalty is to what’s best for business, not to any set of constituents,” he states. “Sometimes that means going against the founders, sometimes against the VCs. So my judgments may be wrong, but they won’t be biased judgments.”8If Google wasn’t enough to keep this happy angel happy, he continued building his portfolio which now includes the following companies:GooglePlaxo247customer.comElanceCombineNetYodleeTellmeBusiness SignaturesZazzle.comPodShow.comNaukri.comPlatial.comAcquisitions:Junglee (sold to Amazon.com)Enosys (sold to BEA Systems)Some reports are coming in that at least a couple of his portfolio companies are not performing very well. If they ultimately fail like so many other high risk start-ups will that tarnish the reputation of arguably the World’s greatest angel investor (sorry, “start-up sherpa”) ever? I wouldn’t count on it. Perhaps some people might think we only remember the failures in life but when you have a $1 billion plus (and counting) angel investment windfall with a return of somewhere around 10,000 times your original investment, you will be remembered for that for a long time to come. If his portfolio companies continue to grow and become a success, I can only imagine what sort of legacy this man (“sherpa”) shall leave behind. Ram Shriram has lived behind the public spotlight, unlike so many other high profile angels, and perhaps we can all learn a lesson or two from the man who made the greatest angel investment of all time.Sources Include:1, 2 Michael V. Copeland, Business 2.0 magazine, Cable News Network LP, LLLP3KnowledgeRICH 06/064Google Inc.6Sherpalo Ventures www.sherpalo.com5, 7, 8John Heilemann, Business 2.0 magazine, Cable News Network LP, LLLP