Dr. John H. Humphreys - Texas A&Amp;Amp;Amp;M University-Commerce: Fill & Download for Free

It is generally accepted that Paul Ryan left politics altogether because he was Speaker of the House but had no intention of supporting Trump.All the Republicans Who Have Decided Not to Support TrumpBy Isabella Grullón Paz and Jonathan Martin Aug. 24, 2020 (N.Y.Times)Former President George W. Bush: Although he has not spoken about whom he will vote for in November, people familiar with Mr. Bush’s thinking have said it won’t be Mr. Trump. Mr. Bush did not endorse him in 2016.Senator Mitt Romney of Utah: Mr. Romney has long been critical of Mr. Trump, and was the only Republican senator to vote to convict him during his impeachment trial. Mr. Romney is still mulling over whom he will vote for in November — he opted for his wife, Ann, four years ago — but he is said to be sure it won’t be the president.John Bolton, the former national security adviser: Mr. Bolton said in multiple interviews that he would not vote for Mr. Trump in November. He added that he would write in the name of a conservative Republican, but that he was not sure which one.Gov. Phil Scott of Vermont: Mr. Scott has said multiple times this summer that he will not be voting for the president, a position that he also took in 2016. He says he has not yet decided whether or not he will vote for Mr. Biden.William H. McRaven, a retired four-star Navy admiral: Several Republican admirals and generals have publicly announced they will not support the president. In an interview with The New York Times, Admiral McRaven, who directed the raid that killed Osama bin Laden, said, “This fall, it’s time for new leadership in this country" He added, “President Trump has shown he doesn’t have the qualities necessary to be a good commander in chief.”Cindy McCain, the widow of Senator John McCain: During the Democratic National Convention, Mrs. McCain appeared in a video and recounted her husband’s relationship with Mr. Biden. Mrs. McCain has expressed frustration with the direction of the Republican Party under Mr. Trump, whose attacks on Mr. McCain continued after the senator’s death.John Kasich, the former governor of Ohio:“I’ve known Joe,” Mr. Kasich said on CNN recently. “I’ve known him for 30 years. I know the kind of guy he is.”Colin Powell, the former secretary of state: Mr. Powell announced in June that he would vote for Mr. Biden. He said that Mr. Trump “lies about things” and that Republicans in Congress would not hold him accountable. Mr. Powell added that he was close to Mr. Biden politically and socially and had worked with him for more than 35 years. He gave a message of support to Mr. Biden at the Democratic convention.Miles Taylor, a former chief of staff at the Department of Homeland Security: Mr. Taylor endorsed Mr. Biden, saying that the president was “actively doing damage to our security” and that what he had witnessed Mr. Trump do as chief executive “was terrifying.” Mr. Taylor is the most senior former member of the administration to openly endorse Mr. Biden.Christine Whitman, a former governor of New Jersey: In October, Ms. Whitman told the television host Larry King that she would vote for Mr. Biden if he were the nominee, calling him the Democrats’ “best chance at winning in 2020.”Meg Whitman, the chief executive of Quibi: A former senior official for both of Mitt Romney’s presidential campaigns and a former Republican candidate for governor of California, Ms. Whitman (no relation to Christine Whitman) also spoke at the Democratic convention.Susan Molinari, a former congresswoman from New York: Ms. Molinari spoke at the convention, as well. A former lobbyist for Google, she was on the Trump administration’s transition contributor list, but now appears to be supporting Mr. Biden.Carly Fiorina, a 2016 presidential candidate: Ms. Fiorina has said she will support Mr. Biden because he is “a person of humility and empathy and character.”Representative Francis Rooney of Florida: Mr. Rooney has said he was considering supporting Mr. Biden partly because Mr. Trump was “driving us all crazy” and because the president’s handling of the coronavirus led to a death toll that “didn’t have to happen.”Charlie Dent, a former congressman from Pennsylvania: Mr. Dent endorsed Mr. Biden on CNN, saying “this isn’t about right or left — for me, it’s about right and wrong.”More than 70 top Republican national security officials: Hours before Mr. Biden accepted the Democratic nomination, the officials released a letter stating that they would be voting for Mr. Biden in November and that Mr. Trump was “unfit to lead.” Among the signatories were formerSecretary of Defense Chuck Hagel; Michael Hayden, the former C.I.A. and N.S.A. director; John Negroponte, the former director of national intelligence; and William Webster, the former director of the C.I.A. and the F.B.I.Paul Ryan and John Boehner, the former speakers of the House: Both have expressed their dislike of the president, but have not said whom they will support in November.John Kelly, a former chief of staff to the president: Mr. Kelly has not said whom he plans to vote for, but did say he wished “we had some additional choices.”In his home state of Kentucky last week, Senator Mitch McConnell, the majority leader, broke with Mr. Trump on nearly every major issue related to the virus.Mr. McConnell stressed the importance of mask-wearing, expressed “total” confidence in Dr. Fauci and urged Americans to follow guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that Mr. Trump has ignored or dismissed.“The straight talk here that everyone needs to understand is: This is not going away until we get a vaccine,” Mr. McConnell said on Wednesday, contradicting Mr. Trump’s rosy predictions.Jeff Flake, the former senator from Arizona: Earlier this year, Mr. Flake had said that he would not be supporting Mr. Trump in November, but he is now part of a group of former Republican members of Congress who say they will be voting for Mr. Biden.Gordon Humphrey, the former senator from New Hampshire: In 2017, Mr. Humphrey said that the president was “delusional and unfit to lead.” A member of the “New Hampshire Independents for Biden” coalition, he has endorsed Mr. Biden in November.John Warner, the former senator from Virginia: Mr. Warner, who has been vocal about his dislike of the president since the 2016 election, joined a group of G.O.P. former members of Congress endorsing Mr. Biden on the first morning of the Republican National Convention.Former Representative Steve Bartlett of TexasFormer Representative William Clinger Jr. of PennsylvaniaFormer Representative Tom Coleman of MissouriFormer Representative Charles Djou of Hawaii: Mr. Djou left the Republican Party in 2018 because, he said, Mr. Trump was taking the party in a direction he “fundamentally” disagreed with. He endorsed Mr. Biden the first morning of the Republican convention.Mickey Edwards, a writer and a former Oklahoma congressman: In 2019, Mr. Edwards was part of a group of 19 former G.O.P. members who denounced Mr. Trump’s border wall as “unconstitutional.” Mr. Edwards also officially endorsed Mr. Biden as the Republican convention began.Former Representative Wayne Gilchrest of Maryland: Mr. Gilchrest, who served for nine terms in Congress as a Republican, left the party in 2019. He’s now a registered Democrat endorsing Mr. Biden.Former Representative Jim Greenwood of PennsylvaniaFormer Representative Bob Inglis of South Carolina: Since 2016, Mr. Inglis has been critical about the Trump presidency, especially when it comes to climate change. He’s now decided to endorse Mr. Biden.Former Representative Jim Kolbe of Arizona: Mr. Kolbe left the Republican Party in 2018, is now registered as an independent and has endorsed Mr. Biden for the fall.Former Representative Steve Kuykendall of CaliforniaFormer Representative Ray LaHood of Illinois: Early this year, Mr. LaHood told The State Journal-Register that he would not be supporting Mr. Trump because the president “was not my kind of politician.” He will be supporting Mr. Biden, he said. Mr. LaHood donated to Mr. Biden’s campaign when the former vice president announced his candidacy.Former Representative Jim Leach of Iowa: Mr. Leach’s endorsement of Mr. Biden isn’t the first time he has supported a Democrat — he publicly endorsed Barack Obama in 2008. It’s also not the first time he has gone against Mr. Trump — he refused to endorse or support him in 2016.Former Representative Connie Morella of MarylandFormer Representative Mike Parker of MississippiFormer Representative Jack Quinn of New YorkFormer Representative Claudine Schneider of Rhode Island: Ms. Schneider backed Mrs. Clinton in 2016, and is again endorsing the Democratic candidate this cycle by backing Mr. Biden.Former Representative Christopher Shays of Connecticut: Last year on “Politicking with Larry King,” Mr. Shays made his case for why he would be supporting Mr. Biden in 2020.Former Representative Peter Smith of VermontFormer Representative Alan Steelman of TexasFormer Representative Jim Walsh of New York: In an interview with The Post-Standard of Syracuse, Mr. Walsh said endorsing Mr. Biden wasn’t a “difficult decision.”“Vice President Biden has an excellent chance to beat this guy. And I think Biden has the qualities and values to clean up this mess that President Trump has gotten us into,” Mr. Walsh added.Former Representative Bill Whitehurst of VirginiaFormer Representative Dick Zimmer of New Jersey: In 2016, Mr. Zimmer endorsed Gary Johnson, the Libertarian candidate. This time around, he has decided to endorse Mr. Biden.Hundreds of former staff members for John McCain: Over 100 former staff members for Senator John McCain endorsed Mr. Biden in a letter. Most of them are still Republicans. Mark Salter, Mr. McCain’s longtime chief aide and speechwriter, helped organize the letter.If anyone thinks that the many names on this list is all there is, These are all pretty influential people, every single one has/had staff members that are all also likely to vote the same way their Bosses and former Bosses will. Bearing this in mind, this list by extension carries 1000’s of votes in even the very most conservative manner of counting them. It’s actually far more likely that this list will carry with it as many as 100,000 votes or more.In the meantime, we’ve got a Chief Executive who has clearly shown he has absolutely no interest in uniting the country. He’s tweeting support for a Dr. who claims she’s testing Alien DNA. He’s not only downplaying the Nations foremost expert of Infectious Diseases but has allowed those working for him to discredit any statements he’s made. Bear in mind we’re talking about a Dr. who is universally considered to be the Countries foremost Expert, he’s spent more years in school than some of Trump’s staff have spent being legally able to vote! (or Drink!)Trump’s Organization has lost over a Billion dollars in net worth, but his supporters think he wants the country to reopen for them. Clearly his motivation is to get the country “back to normal” because his “Superior Business Mind” had no investments in anything that actually made money since the lock-downs began. Businesses like Amazon, Uber-Eats, Postmates, Netflix, Hulu, Disney+, Dominoes Pizza, Pizza Hut and many others have done very well for themselves…all things considered, and for obvious reasons. Trump unfortunately didn’t see this coming, or for that matter didn’t even see the run on Bottled water and paper products coming when he announced a “National Emergency” (I personally left the house within 120 seconds after that statement went live, why? Because the President of the United States (no matter who) is a Human Starting Gun!) Make no mistake, Trump’s plans to reopen the country have absolutely nothing to do with your rights. If you live somewhere in the middle of this great nation and you believe for one single second that Trump cares about you for one single second…you’re WRONG! He want’s his Billion Dollars back. The sooner things “return to normal” the sooner The Trump Organizations various holdings will increase in value. A net worth that Forbes, Business Insider, and The Wall Street journal all agree has been "Blown out of proportion" for at least the last 20 years. (Many also agree this is, in fact, why there has been no release of Tax Records!) When you consider that it's been made clear by The Donald himself (Impersonating other people on calls with Interviewers from Forbes) and a myriad of , quite frankly, rather bizarre behavior,His only true interest is his "Bottom Line" and his one true "God" is the almighty Dollar. https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/trump-lied-to-me-about-his-wealth-to-get-onto-the-forbes-400-here-are-the-tapes/2018/04/20/ac762b08-4287-11e8-8569-26fda6b404c7_story.htmlMany Republican lawmakers have grown exasperated with the administration’s conflicting messages, the open warfare within Mr. Trump’s staff and the president’s demands that states reopen faster or risk punishment from the federal government.Senator Ben Sasse, Republican of Nebraska, said he wanted the administration to offer more extensive public-health updates to the American people, and condemned the open animosity toward Dr. Fauci by some administration officials, including Peter Navarro, the trade adviser, who wrote an opinion column attacking Dr. Fauci, the nation’s top infectious disease expert.Trump himself seems less interested in the specific challenges the virus presents and is mostly just frustrated by the reality that it has not disappeared as he has predicted. The disconnect is only growing between him and other party leaders — not to mention voters. A poll published Friday by ABC News and The Washington Post found that a majority of the country strongly disapproved of Mr. Trump’s handling of the coronavirus crisis, and about two-thirds of Americans said they had little or no trust in Mr. Trump’s comments about the disease.

These questions are really entertaining since they assume that Alexander the great was a proto‐Slav while all historical records first mentioned Slavs inhabiting the Balkans in the late 6th century some 800 years after Alexander the great fought his many campains.Deluding yourself to believe that your Slavic culture has existed in the Balkan since antiquity will not make that the case. Geneticly its different. Of course you have some native Balkan dna but you live on the land of the ancient Paeonians (Thracians) and Dardanians (Illyrians) so it is most likely from them. And even if you all have Greek blood or genes you still couldn't claim the ancient Macedonians as part of your heritage because you identified as Bulgarians for over a 1000 years before “waking up”. Only in the 1870s did the first Macedonian Bulgarians start identifying as Macedonians after the identity was invented by a man named Georgi Pulevski and even then it remained mostly a regional identity.Krste Misirkov the father of the Macedonian literary language in 1924 shortly before his death:“We speak Bulgarian language and we believed with Bulgarians is our strong power.The future of Macedonia is spiritual union of the Bulgarians in Macedonia.The Macedonian Slavs are called Bulgarians.The biggest part of the population are called Bulgarians.Our Grandfathers call themselves Bulgarians. They never think that we will be having such a problem to call ourselves so.We Macedonian Bulgarians (Macedonians) like Bulgarian state as our own.The population of Skopje is pure Bulgarian. Bulgaria make a big error when recognize the territory for "neutral". It is pure Bulgarian and the population in Skopje and surrounding area is pure Bulgarian.”Krste Misirkov from the article "National Identity of the Macedonians. 1924The founder of your own litteraly language admited it.The IMRO revolutionary Milan Matov met in June 1906 in Sofia, Dame Gruev, who told him: "We are Bulgarians and we always work and will work for the unification of the Bulgarian nation. All other formulas are a stage to achieve this goal.": Dimitar Gotsev,"The idea of the autonomy as a tactic in the programs of the national liberation movements in Macedonia and Thrace, 1893-1941". Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1983, p. 18. (Bg.), Memoirs of Milan Matov "The Comitadji Stories", Skopje, 2002, pp. 260-261.(Mk.), Матов, Милан. "Баш комитата разказва, живот за Македония", Културно-благотворителна фондация „Братя Миладинови“ - София, 2002, p. 266 (Bg.)Your own revolutionaries admitted it.“Arguably Sandanski's greatest sin in the context of the whole movement was the assassination of Ivan Garvanov and Boris Sarafov both members of the IMARO's Central Committee. He came to regret these and other murders later. [“We are all Bulgarians, Taso (i.e. Atanas), but we are killing ourselves for nothing. It is hard for me..." (The words are quoted in the memoirs of his adherent Atanas Yanev and published in "Eho" newspaper, 26.05.1972)] Because of that he was even sentenced to death by the "Centralists" and the "Varhovists". The Bulgarian authorities investigated the assassinations and suspected Sandanski was the main force behind them. On the other hand he was amnestied (Amnesty) by the Bulgarian Parliament after the support he gave to the Bulgarian Army during the Balkan wars”Yane Sandanski (Yane Sandanski)Again your own revolutionaries admitted it.Delcev: “We are Bulgarians”Your own revolutionaries admitted it, 3“It is difficult to know whether an independent Macedonian state would have come into existence had Tito not recognised and supported the development of Macedonian ethnicity as part of his ethnically organized Yugoslavia. He did this as a counter to Bulgaria, which for centuries had a historical claim on the area as far west as Lake Ohrid and the present border of Albania."As quoted in The Eye Expanded, by Frances B. Titchener and Richard F. MoortonHistorians have admitted it.Professor Fox stated: “There is a message that is historical and still politically has to be said…. Macedonia is a Greek-Speaking kingdom in Northern Greece, populated by people using Greek names, Greek months and worshiping Greek Gods. Those who live in Skopje, and say that is Macedon and Alexander’s home, are as Ignorant and Outrageous as if someone was to say that Oxford University was really in Belarus and Oxford was Minsk. “Proffesors admited it.N.G.l. HammondAt the end of the bronze age a residue of Greek tribes stayed behind in Southern Macedonia[...] one of these, the "Makedones" occupied Aegae and expanded into the coastal plain of lower Macedonia which became the Kingdom of Macedon; their descendants were the Macedonians proper of the classical period and they worshipped Greek gods. The other Greek tribes became intermingled in upper Macedonia with Illyrians, Paeonians and Thracians[...] in the early 5th century the royal house of Macedon, the Temenidae was recognised as Greek by the Presidents of the Olympic Games. Their verdict was and is decisive. It is certain that the Kings considered themselves to be of Greek descent from Heracles son of Zeus. "Macedonian" was a strong dialect of very early Greek which was not intelligible to contemporary Greeks."A History of Greece to 323 BC", Cambridge University, 1986 (p 516)Again.The Honorable Barack ObamaPresident, United States of AmericaWhite House1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NWWashington, DC 20500Dear President Obama,We, the undersigned scholars of Graeco-Roman antiquity, respectfully request that you intervene to clean up some of the historical debris left in southeast Europe by the previous U.S. administration.On November 4, 2004, two days after the re-election of President George W. Bush, his administration unilaterally recognized the “Republic of Macedonia.” This action not only abrogated geographic and historic fact, but it also has unleashed a dangerous epidemic of historical revisionism, of which the most obvious symptom is the misappropriation by the government in Skopje of the most famous of Macedonians, Alexander the Great.We believe that this silliness has gone too far, and that the U.S.A. has no business in supporting the subversion of history. Let us review facts. (The documentation for these facts [here in boldface] can be found attached and at: http://macedonia-evidence.org/documentation.html)The land in question, with its modern capital at Skopje, was called Paionia in antiquity. Mts. Barnous and Orbelos (which form today the northern limits of Greece) provide a natural barrier that separated, and separates, Macedonia from its northern neighbor. The only real connection is along the Axios/Vardar River and even this valley “does not form a line of communication because it is divided by gorges.”While it is true that the Paionians were subdued by Philip II, father of Alexander, in 358 B.C. they were not Macedonians and did not live in Macedonia. Likewise, for example, the Egyptians, who were subdued by Alexander, may have been ruled by Macedonians, including the famous Cleopatra, but they were never Macedonians themselves, and Egypt was never called Macedonia.Rather, Macedonia and Macedonian Greeks have been located for at least 2,500 years just where the modern Greek province of Macedonia is. Exactly this same relationship is true for Attica and Athenian Greeks, Argos and Argive Greeks, Corinth and Corinthian Greeks, etc.We do not understand how the modern inhabitants of ancient Paionia, who speak Slavic – a language introduced into the Balkans about a millennium after the death of Alexander – can claim him as their national hero. Alexander the Great was thoroughly and indisputably Greek. His great-great-great grandfather, Alexander I, competed in the Olympic Games where participation was limited to Greeks.Even before Alexander I, the Macedonians traced their ancestry to Argos, and many of their kings used the head of Herakles - the quintessential Greek hero - on their coins.Euripides – who died and was buried in Macedonia– wrote his play Archelaos in honor of the great-uncle of Alexander, and in Greek. While in Macedonia, Euripides also wrote the Bacchai, again in Greek. Presumably the Macedonian audience could understand what he wrote and what they heard.Alexander’s father, Philip, won several equestrian victories at Olympia and Delphi, the two most Hellenic of all the sanctuaries in ancient Greece where non-Greeks were not allowed to compete. Even more significantly, Philip was appointed to conduct the Pythian Games at Delphi in 346 B.C. In other words, Alexander the Great’s father and his ancestors were thoroughly Greek. Greek was the language used by Demosthenes and his delegation from Athens when they paid visits to Philip, also in 346 B.C.Another northern Greek, Aristotle, went off to study for nearly 20 years in the Academy of Plato. Aristotle subsequently returned to Macedonia and became the tutor of Alexander III. They used Greek in their classroom which can still be seen near Naoussa in Macedonia.Alexander carried with him throughout his conquests Aristotle’s edition of Homer’s Iliad. Alexander also spread Greek language and culture throughout his empire, founding cities and establishing centers of learning. Hence inscriptions concerning such typical Greek institutions as the gymnasium are found as far away as Afghanistan. They are all written in Greek.The questions follow: Why was Greek the lingua franca all over Alexander’s empire if he was a “Macedonian”? Why was the New Testament, for example, written in Greek?The answers are clear: Alexander the Great was Greek, not Slavic, and Slavs and their language were nowhere near Alexander or his homeland until 1000 years later. This brings us back to the geographic area known in antiquity as Paionia. Why would the people who live there now call themselves Macedonians and their land Macedonia? Why would they abduct a completely Greek figure and make him their national hero?The ancient Paionians may or may not have been Greek, but they certainly became Greekish, and they were never Slavs. They were also not Macedonians. Ancient Paionia was a part of the Macedonian Empire. So were Ionia and Syria and Palestine and Egypt and Mesopotamia and Babylonia and Bactria and many more. They may thus have become “Macedonian” temporarily, but none was ever “Macedonia”. The theft of Philip and Alexander by a land that was never Macedonia cannot be justified.The traditions of ancient Paionia could be adopted by the current residents of that geographical area with considerable justification. But the extension of the geographic term “Macedonia” to cover southern Yugoslavia cannot. Even in the late 19th century, this misuse implied unhealthy territorial aspirations.The same motivation is to be seen in school maps that show the pseudo-greater Macedonia, stretching from Skopje to Mt. Olympus and labeled in Slavic. The same map and its claims are in calendars, bumper stickers, bank notes, etc., that have been circulating in the new state ever since it declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991. Why would a poor land-locked new state attempt such historical nonsense? Why would it brazenly mock and provoke its neighbor?However one might like to characterize such behavior, it is clearly not a force for historical accuracy, nor for stability in the Balkans. It is sad that the United States of America has abetted and encouraged such behavior.We call upon you, Mr. President, to help - in whatever ways you deem appropriate - the government in Skopje to understand that it cannot build a national identity at the expense of historic truth. Our common international society cannot survive when history is ignored, much less when history is fabricated.Sincerely,NAMETITLEINSTITUTIONAnagnostis P. Agelarakis, Professor of Anthropology, Adelphi University (USA)Ioannis M. Akamatis, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Thessaloniki (Greece)June W. Allison, Professor Emerita, Department of Greek and Latin, The Ohio State University (USA)Georgios Anagnostopoulos, Professor of Philosophy, University of California-San Diego (USA)Mariana Anagnostopoulos, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, California State University, Fresno (USA)Ronnie Ancona, Professor of Classics, Hunter College and The Graduate Center, CUNY (USA)John P. Anton, Distinguished Professor of Greek Philosophy and Culture University of South Florida (USA)Dr. Norman George Ashton, Senior Honorary Research Fellow, The University of Western Australia (Australia)Lucia Athanassaki, Associate Professor of Classical Philology, University of Crete (Greece)Effie F. Athanassopoulos, Associate Professor Anthropology and Classics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln (USA)Harry C. Avery, Professor of Classics, University of Pittsburgh (USA)Dr. Dirk Backendorf. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz (Germany)Elizabeth C. Banks, Associate Professor of Classics (ret.), University of Kansas (USA)Leonidas Bargeliotes, Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, University of Athens, President of the Olympic Center for Philosophy and Culture (Greece)Alice Bencivenni, Ricercatore di Storia Greca, Università di Bologna (Italy)David L. Berkey, Assistant Professor of History, California State University, Fresno (USA)Luigi Beschi, professore emerito di Archeologia Classica, Università di Firenze (Italy)Josine H. Blok, professor of Ancient History and Classical Civilization, Utrecht University (The Netherlands)Alan Boegehold, Emeritus Professor of Classics, Brown University (USA)Efrosyni Boutsikas, Lecturer of Classical Archaeology, University of Kent (UK)Ewen Bowie, Emeritus Fellow, Corpus Christi College, Oxford (UK)Keith Bradley, Eli J. and Helen Shaheen Professor of Classics, Concurrent Professor of History, University of Notre Dame (USA)Kostas Buraselis, Professor of Ancient History, University of Athens (Greece)Stanley M. Burstein, Professor Emeritus, California State University, Los Angeles (USA)Francis Cairns, Professor of Classical Languages, The Florida State University (USA)John McK. Camp II, Agora Excavations and Professor of Archaeology, ASCSA, Athens (Greece)David A. Campbell, Emeritus Professor of Classics. University of Victoria, B.C. (Canada)Paul Cartledge, A.G. Leventis Professor of Greek Culture, University of Cambridge (UK)Paavo Castren, Professor of Classical Philology Emeritus, University of Helsinki (Finland)William Cavanagh, Professor of Aegean Prehistory, University of Nottingham (UK)Angelos Chaniotis, Professor, Senior Research Fellow, All Souls College, Oxford (UK)Paul Christesen, Professor of Ancient Greek History, Dartmouth College (USA)James J. Clauss, Professor of Classics, University of Washington (USA)Ada Cohen, Associate Professor of Art History, Dartmouth College (USA)Randall M. Colaizzi, Lecturer in Classical Studies, University of Massachusetts-Boston (USA)Kathleen M. Coleman, Professor of Latin, Harvard University (USA)Rev. Dr. Demetrios J Constantelos, Charles Cooper Townsend Professor of Ancient and Byzantine history, Emeritus; Distinguished Research Scholar in Residence at the Richard Stockton College of New Jersey (USA)Michael B. Cosmopoulos, Ph.D., Professor and Endowed Chair in Greek Archaeology, University of Missouri-St. Louis (USA)Carole L. Crumley, PhD., Professor of European Archaeology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (USA)Kevin F. Daly, Assistant Professor of Classics, Bucknell University (USA)Joseph W. Day, Professor of Classics, Wabash College (USA)François de Callataÿ, Professor of Monetary and financial history of the Greek world, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (Paris/Sorbonne) and Professor of Financial history of the Greco-Roman world, Université libre de Bruxelles (France and Brussels)Wolfgang Decker, Professor emeritus of sport history, Deutsche Sporthochschule, Köln (Germany)Luc Deitz, Außerplanmäßger Professor of Mediaeval and Renaissance Latin, University of Trier (Germany), and Curator of manuscripts and rare books, National Library of Luxembourg (Luxembourg)Charalambos Dendrinos, Lecturer in Byzantine Literature and Greek Palaeography, Acting Director, The Hellenic Institute, Royal Holloway, University of London (UK)Michael Dewar, Professor of Classics, University of Toronto (Canada)John D. Dillery, Associate Professor of Classics, University of Virginia (USAJohn Dillon, Emeritus Professor of Greek, Trinity College Dublin (Ireland)Sheila Dillon, Associate Professor, Depts. of Art, Art History & Visual Studies and Classical Studies, Duke University (USA)Michael D. Dixon, Associate Professor of History, University of Southern Indiana (USA)Douglas Domingo-Foraste, Professor of Classics, California State University, Long Beach (USA)Myrto Dragona-Monachou, Professor emerita of Philosophy, University of Athens (Greece)Stella Drougou, Professor of Classical Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece)Pierre Ducrey, professeur honoraire, Université de Lausanne (Switzerland)John Duffy, Professor, Department of the Classics, Harvard University (USA)Roger Dunkle, Professor of Classics Emeritus, Brooklyn College, City University of New York (USA)Michael M. Eisman, Associate Professor Ancient History and Classical Archaeology, Department of History, Temple University (USA)Mostafa El-Abbadi, Professor Emeritus, University of Alexandria (Egypt)R. Malcolm Errington, Professor für Alte Geschichte (Emeritus) Philipps-Universität, Marburg (Germany)Christos C. Evangeliou, Professor of Ancient Hellenic Philosophy, Towson University, Maryland, Honorary President of International Association for Greek Philosophy (USA)Panagiotis Faklaris, Assistant Professor of Classical Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece)Denis Feeney, Giger Professor of Latin, Princeton University (USA)Michael Ferejohn, Associate Professor of Ancient Philosophy, Duke University (USA)Kleopatra Ferla, Ph.D. in Ancient History, Head of Research and Management of Cultural Information, Foundation of the Hellenic World, Athens (Greece)Elizabeth A. Fisher, Professor of Classics and Art History, Randolph-Macon College (USA)Nick Fisher, Professor of Ancient History, Cardiff University (UK)R. Leon Fitts, Asbury J Clarke Professor of Classical Studies, Emeritus, FSA, Scot., Dickinson Colllege (USA)John M. Fossey FRSC, FSA, Emeritus Professor of Art History (and Archaeology), McGill Univertsity, Montreal, and Curator of Archaeology, Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (Canada)Dr. Athanasios Fotiou, Adjunct Professor, College of the Humanities, Greek and Roman Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa (Canada)Robin Lane Fox, University Reader in Ancient History, New College, Oxford (UK)Dr. Lee Fratantuono, William Francis Whitlock Professor of Latin, Ohio Wesleyan University (USA)Stavros Frangoulidis, Associate Professor of Latin. Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki (Greece)William K. Freiert, Professor of Classics and Hanson-Peterson Chair of Liberal Studies, Gustavus Adolphus College (USA)Rainer Friedrich, Professor of Classics Emeritus, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. (Canada)Heide Froning, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Marburg (Germany)Peter Funke, Professor of Ancient History, University of Münster (Germany)Traianos Gagos, Professor of Greek and Papyrology, University of Michigan (USA)Karl Galinsky, Cailloux Centennial Professor of Classics, University of Texas, Austin (USA)Robert Garland, Roy D. and Margaret B. Wooster Professor of the Classics, Colgate University, Hamilton NY (USA)Hans-Joachim Gehrke, Prof. Dr., President of the German Archaeological Institute Berlin (Germany)Dr. Ioannis Georganas, Researcher, Department of History and Archaeology, Foundation of the Hellenic World (Greece)Douglas E. Gerber, Professor Emeritus of Classical Studies, University of Western Ontario (Canada)Dr. Andre Gerolymatos, Chair and Professor of Hellenic Studies, Simon Fraser University (Canada)Stephen L. Glass, John A. McCarthy Professor of Classics & Classical Archaeology, Pitzer College: The Claremont Colleges (USA)Hans R. Goette, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Giessen (Germany); German Archaeological Institute, Berlin (Germany)Sander M. Goldberg, Professor of Classics, UCLA (USA)Mark Golden, Professor, Department of Classics, University of Winnipeg (Canada)Ellen Greene, Joseph Paxton Presidential Professor of Classics, University of Oklahoma (USA)Robert Gregg, Teresa Moore Professor of Religious Studies, Emeritus, Director, The Abbasi Program in Islamic Studies, Stanford University (USA)Frederick T. Griffiths, Professor of Classics, Amherst College (USA)Dr. Peter Grossmann, Member emeritus, German Archaeological Institute, Cairo (Egypt)Erich S. Gruen, Gladys Rehard Wood Professor of History and Classics, Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley (USA)Martha Habash, Associate Professor of Classics, Creighton University (USA)Christian Habicht, Professor of Ancient History, Emeritus, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton (USA)Donald C. Haggis, Nicholas A. Cassas Term Professor of Greek Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA)Judith P. Hallett, Professor of Classics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (USA)Kim Hartswick, Academic Director, CUNY Baccalaureate for Unique and Interdisciplinary Studies, New York City (USA)Prof. Paul B. Harvey, Jr. Head, Department of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, The Pennsylvania State University (USA)Eleni Hasaki, Associate Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Arizona (USA)Rosalia Hatzilambrou, Ph.D., Researcher, Academy of Athens (Greece)Miltiades B. Hatzopoulos, Director, Research Centre for Greek and Roman Antiquity, National Research Foundation, Athens (Greece)Stephan Heilen, Associate Professor of Classics, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign (USA)Wolf-Dieter Heilmeyer, Prof. Dr., Freie Universität Berlin und Antikensammlung der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin (Germany)Pontus Hellstrom, Professor of Classical archaeology and ancient history, Uppsala University (Sweden)Steven W. Hirsch, Associate Professor of Classics and History, Tufts University (USA)Karl-J. Holkeskamp, Professor of Ancient History, University of Cologne (Germany)Frank L. Holt, Professor of Ancient History, University of Houston (USA)Dan Hooley, Professor of Classics, University of Missouri (USA)Meredith C. Hoppin, Gagliardi Professor of Classical Languages, Williams College, Williamstown, MA (USA)Caroline M. Houser, Professor of Art History Emerita, Smith College (USA) and Affiliated Professor, University of Washington (USA)Professor Carl Huffman, Department of Classics, DePauw University (USA)John Humphrey, Professor of Greek and Roman Studies, University of Calgary (Canada)Frosen Jaakko, Professor of Greek philology, University of Helsinki (Finland)Dr Thomas Johansen, Reader in Ancient Philosophy, University of Oxford (UK)Vincent Jolivet, Archaeologist CNRS, Paris [French School Rome] (Italy)Georgia Kafka, Visiting Professor of Modern Greek Language, Literature and History, University of New Brunswick (Canada)Mika Kajava, Professor of Greek Language and Literature; Head of the Department of Classical Studies, University of Helsinki (Finland)Anthony Kaldellis, Professor of Greek and Latin, The Ohio State University (USA)Eleni Kalokairinou, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Secretary of the Olympic Center of Philosophy and Culture (Cyprus)Lilian Karali, Professor of Prehistoric and Environmental Archaeology, University of Athens (Greece)Andromache Karanika, Assistant Professor of Classics, University of California, Irvine (USA)Robert A. Kaster, Professor of Classics and Kennedy Foundation Professor of Latin, Princeton University (USA)Dr. Athena Kavoulaki, Lecturer, Department of Philology, University of Crete, Rethymnon (Greece)Vassiliki Kekela, Adjunct Professor of Greek Studies, Classics Department, Hunter College, City University of New York (USA)John F. Kenfield, Associate Professor, Department of Art History, Rutgers University (USA)Dietmar Kienast, Professor Emeritus of Ancient History, University of Düsseldorf (Germany)Karl Kilinski II, University Distinguished Teaching Professor, Southern Methodist University (USA)Dr. Florian Knauss, associate director, Staatliche Antikensammlungen und Glyptothek München (Germany)Denis Knoepfler, Professor of Greek Epigraphy and History, Collège de France (Paris, France)Ortwin Knorr, Associate Professor of Classics, Willamette University (USA)Robert B. Koehl, Professor of Archaeology, Department of Classical and Oriental Studies Hunter College, City University of New York (USA)Thomas Koentges, Visiting lecturer, Ancient History, University of Leipzig (Germany)Georgia Kokkorou-Alevras, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Athens (Greece)Ann Olga Koloski-Ostrow, Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Classical Studies, Brandeis University (USA)Eric J. Kondratieff, Assistant Professor of Classics and Ancient History, Department of Greek & Roman Classics, Temple University (USA)Dr Eleni Kornarou, Visiting Lecturer of Ancient Greek Literature, Dept. of Classic and Philosophy, University of Cyprus (Cyprus)Haritini Kotsidu, Apl. Prof. Dr. für Klassische Archäologie, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/M. (Germany)Lambrini Koutoussaki, Dr., Lecturer of Classical Archaeology, University of Zürich (Switzerland)David Kovacs, Hugh H. Obear Professor of Classics, University of Virginia (USA)Prof. Dr. Ulla Kreilinger, Institut für Klassische Archäologie, Universität Erlangen (Germany)Dr. Christos Kremmydas, Lecturer in Ancient Greek History, Royal Holloway, University of London (UK)Peter Krentz, W. R. Grey Professor of Classics and History, Davidson College (USA)Friedrich Krinzinger, Professor of Classical Archaeology Emeritus, University of Vienna (Austria)Michael Kumpf, Professor of Classics, Valparaiso University (USA)Donald G. Kyle, Professor of History, University of Texas at Arlington (USA)Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Helmut Kyrieleis, former president of the German Archaeological Institute, Berlin (Germany)Margaret L. Laird, Assistant Professor, Roman art and archaeology, University of Washington (USA)Gerald V. Lalonde, Benedict Professor of Classics, Grinnell College (USA)Steven Lattimore, Professor Emeritus of Classics, University of California, Los Angeles (USA)Francis M. Lazarus, President, University of Dallas (USA)Mary R. Lefkowitz, Andrew W. Mellon Professor in the Humanities, Emerita Wellesley College (USA)Irene S. Lemos FSA, Professor in Classical Archaeology,, S.Ioannou Centre for Classical and Byzantine Studies, Oxford University (UK)Ioannes G. Leontiades, Assistant Professor of Byzantine History, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece)Iphigeneia Leventi, Assistant Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Thessaly (Greece)Daniel B. Levine, Professor of Classical Studies, University of Arkansas (USA)Christina Leypold, Dr. phil., Archaeological Institute, University of Zürich (Switzerland)Vayos Liapis, Associate Professor of Greek, Centre d’Etudes Classiques & Departement de Philosophie, Université de Montreal (Canada)Hugh Lloyd-Jones, Professor of Greek Emeritus, University of Oxford (UK)Yannis Lolos, Assistant Professor, History, Archaeology, and Anthropology, University of Thessaly (Greece)Stanley Lombardo, Professor of Classics, University of Kansas (USA)Anthony Long, Professor of Classics and Irving G. Stone Professor of Literature, University of California, Berkeley (USA)Julia Lougovaya, Assistant Professor, Department of Classics, Columbia University (USA)Dr. John Ma, Lecturer in Ancient History, Oxford University and Tutorial Fellow in Ancient History, Corpus Christi College, Oxford (UK)A.D. Macro, Hobart Professor of Classical Languages emeritus, Trinity College (USA)John Magee, Professor, Department of Classics, Director, Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto (Canada)Dr. Christofilis Maggidis, Associate Professor of Archaeology, Dickinson College (USA)Chryssa Maltezou, Professor emeritus, University of Athens, Director of the Hellenic Institute of Byzantine and Postbyzantine Studies in Venice (Italy)Jeannette Marchand, Assistant Professor of Classics, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio (USA)Evangeline Markou, Adjunct Lecturer in Greek History, Open University of Cyprus (Cyprus)Anna Marmodoro, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford (UK)Richard P. Martin, Antony and Isabelle Raubitschek Professor in Classics, Stanford University (USA)Maria Mavroudi, Professor of Byzantine History, University of California, Berkeley (USA)Jody Maxmin, Associate Professor, Dept. of Art & Art History, Stanford University (USA)Alexander Mazarakis-Ainian, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Thessaly (Greece)James R. McCredie, Sherman Fairchild Professor emeritus; Director, Excavations in Samothrace Institute of Fine Arts, New York University (USA)Brian McGing M.A., Ph.D., F.T.C.D., M.R.I.A., Regius Professor of Greek, Trinity College Dublin (Ireland)James C. McKeown, Professor of Classics, University of Wisconsin-Madison (USA)Richard McKirahan, Edwin Clarence Norton of Classics and Professor of Philosophy, Pitzer College: The Claremont Colleges (USA)Robert A. Mechikoff, Professor and Life Member of the International Society of Olympic Historians, San Diego State University (USA)Andreas Mehl, Professor of Ancient History, Universität Halle-Wittenberg (Germany)John Richard Melville-Jones, Winthrop Professor, Classics and Ancient History, University of Western Australia (Australia)Marion Meyer, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Vienna (Austria)Dr. Aristotle Michopoulos, Professor & Chair, Greek Studies Dept., Hellenic College (Brookline, MA, USA)Harald Mielsch, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Bonn (Germany)Stephen G. Miller, Professor of Classical Archaeology Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley (USA)Lynette G. Mitchell, Senior Lecturer in Classics & Ancient History, Exeter University (UK)Phillip Mitsis, A.S. Onassis Professor of Classics and Philosophy, New York University (USA)Peter Franz Mittag, Professor für Alte Geschichte, Universität zu Köln (Germany)David Gordon Mitten, James Loeb Professor of Classical Art and Archaeology, Harvard University (USA)Mette Moltesen, MA, Curator of Ancient Art, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen (Denmark)Margaret S. Mook, Associate Professor of Classical Studies, Iowa State University (USA)Anatole Mori, Associate Professor of Classical Studies, University of Missouri- Columbia (USA)William S. Morison, Associate Professor of Ancient History, Grand Valley State University (USA)Jennifer Sheridan Moss, Associate Professor, Wayne State University (USA)Aliki Moustaka, Professor of Classical Archaeology, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki (Greece)Mark Munn, Professor of Ancient Greek History and Greek Archaeology, the Pennsylvania State University (USA)Ioannis Mylonopoulos, Assistant Professor of Greek Art History and Archaeology, Columbia University, New York (USA)Alexander Nehamas, Edmund N. Carpenter II Class of 1943 Professor in the Humanities, Professor of Philosophy and Comparative Literature, Princeton University (USA)Richard Neudecker, PD of Classical Archaeology, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Rom (Italy)James M.L. Newhard, Associate Professor of Classics, College of Charleston (USA)Carole E. Newlands, Professor of Classics, University of Wisconsin, Madison (USA)Andrew G. Nichols, Visiting Lecturer of Classics, University of Florida (USA)Jessica L. Nitschke, Assistant Professor of Classics, Georgetown University (USA)John Maxwell O'Brien, Professor of History, Queens College, City University of New York (USA)James J. O'Hara, Paddison Professor of Latin, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (USA)Martin Ostwald, Professor of Classics (ret.), Swarthmore College and Professor of Classical Studies (ret.), University of Pennsylvania (USA)Olga Palagia, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Athens (Greece)Beata M. Kitsikis Panagopoulos, Professor of Art History, Retired, San Jose State University, Caifornia (USA)Christos Panayides, Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Nicosia, (Cyprus)Vassiliki Panoussi, Associate Professor of Classical Studies, The College of William and Mary (USA)Maria C. Pantelia, Professor of Classics, University of California, Irvine (USA)Pantos A.Pantos, Adjunct Faculty, Department of History, Archaeology and Social Anthropology, University of Thessaly (Greece)Eleni Papaefthymiou, Curator of the Numismatic Collection of the Foundation of the Hellenic World (Greece)Maria Papaioannou, Assistant Professor in Classical Archaeology, University of New Brunswick (Canada)Anthony J. Papalas, Professor of Ancient History, East Carolina University (USA)Nassos Papalexandrou, Associate Professor, The University of Texas at Austin (USA)Polyvia Parara, Visiting Assistant Professor of Greek Language and Civilization, Department of Classics, Georgetown University (USA)Richard W. Parker, Associate Professor of Classics, Brock University (Canada)Robert Parker, Wykeham Professor of Ancient History, New College, Oxford (UK)Robert J. Penella, Professor and Chairman, Classics, Fordham University (USA)Anastasia-Erasmia Peponi, Associate Professor of Classics, Stanford University (USA)Jacques Perreault, Professor of Greek archaeology, Universite de Montreal, Quebec (Canada)Patrick Pfeil, magister artium Universität Leipzig, Alte Geschichte (Germany)Edward A. Phillips, Professor of Classics at Grinnell College (USA)Yanis Pikoulas, Associate Professor of Ancient Greek History, University of Thessaly (Greece)Lefteris Platon, Assistant Professor of Archaeology, University of Athens (Greece)John Pollini, Professor of Classical Art & Archaeology, University of Southern California (USA)David Potter, Arthur F. Thurnau Professor of Greek and Latin. The University of Michigan (USA)Daniel Potts, Edwin Cuthbert Hall Professor of Middle Eastern Archaeology, University of Sydney (Australia)Robert L. Pounder, Professor Emeritus of Classics, Vassar College (USA)Nikolaos Poulopoulos, Assistant Professor in History and Chair in Modern Greek Studies, McGill University (Canada)Selene Psoma, Senior Lecturer of Ancient History, University of Athens (Greece)William H. Race, George L. Paddison Professor of Classics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA)John T. Ramsey, Professor of Classics, University of Illinois at Chicago (USA)Christian R. Raschle, Assistant Professor of Roman History, Centre d’Etudes Classiques & Departement d'Histoire, Université de Montreal (Canada)Karl Reber, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Lausanne (Switzerland)Gary Reger, Professor of History Trinity College, Connecticut (USA)Rush Rehm, Professor of Classics and Drama, Stanford University (USA)Heather L. Reid, Professor of Philosophy, Morningside College (USA)Christoph Reusser, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Zürich (Switzerland)Werner Riess, Associate Professor of Classics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA)Dr Tracey E Rihll, Senior lecturer, Department of Classics, Ancient History and Egyptology, Swansea University ( Wales, UK)Robert H. Rivkin, Ancient Studies Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County (USA)Walter M. Roberts III, Assistant Professor of Classics, University of Vermont (USA)Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Professor of Classics, The University of Vermont (USA)Robert H. Rodgers. Lyman-Roberts Professor of Classical Languages and Literature, University of Vermont (USA)Guy MacLean Rogers, Kemper Professor of Classics and History, Wellesley College (USA)Roberto Romano, professore di ruolo (II level) di Civiltà bizantina e Storia bizantina, Università "Federico II" di Napoli (Italy)Nathan Rosenstein, Professor of Ancient History, The Ohio State University (USA)John C. Rouman, Professor Emeritus of Classics, University of New Hampshire, (USA)Dr. James Roy, Reader in Greek History (retired), University of Nottingham (UK)Steven H. Rutledge, Associate Professor of Classics, Department of Classics, University of Maryland, College Park (USA)Daniel J. Sahas, Professor Emeritus, University of Waterloo (Canada)Christina A. Salowey, Associate Professor of Classics, Hollins University (USA)Pierre Sanchez, Professor of Ancient History, University of Geneva (Switzerland)Theodore Scaltsas, Professor of Ancient Greek Philosophy, University of Edinburgh (UK)Thomas F. Scanlon, Professor of Classics, University of California, Riverside (USA)Thomas Schäfer, Professor, Institut für Klassische Archäologie, Universität Tübingen (Germany)Bernhard Schmaltz, Prof. Dr. Archäologisches Institut der CAU, Kiel (Germany)Prof. Dr. Andras Schmidt-Colinet, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Vienna (Austria)Robert C. Schmiel, Prof. Emeritus of Greek & Roman Studies, University of Calgary (Canada)Rolf M. Schneider, Professor of Classical Archaeology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (Germany)Joseph B. Scholten, PhD, Associate Director, Office of International Programs/Affiliate Assoc. Prof. of Classics, University of Maryland, College Park (USA)Peter Scholz, Professor of Ancient History and Culture, University of Stuttgart (Germany)Christof Schuler, director, Commission for Ancient History and Epigraphy of the German Archaeological Institute, Munich (Germany)Paul D. Scotton, Assoociate Professor Classical Archaeology and Classics, California State University Long Beach (USA)Danuta Shanzer, Professor of Classics and Medieval Studies, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Fellow of the Medieval Academy of America (USA)James P. Sickinger, Associate Professor of Classics, Florida State University (USA)Athanasios Sideris, Ph.D., Head of the History and Archaeology Department, Foundation of the Hellenic World, Athens (Greece)G. M. Sifakis, Professor Emeritus of Classics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki & New York University (Greece & USA)Christos Simelidis, British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow, Lincoln College, University of Oxford (UK)Henk W. Singor, Associate Professor of Ancient History Leiden University (Netherlands)Prof. Dr. Ulrich Sinn, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Wurzburg (Germany)Marilyn B. Skinner Professor of Classics, University of Arizona (USA)Niall W. Slater, Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Latin and Greek, Emory University (USA)Peter M. Smith, Associate Professor of Classics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA)Dr. Philip J. Smith, Research Associate in Classical Studies, McGill University (Canada)Susan Kirkpatrick Smith Assistant Professor of Anthropology Kennesaw State University (USA)Antony Snodgrass, Professor Emeritus of Classical Archaeology, University of Cambridge (UK)Gina M. Soter, Lecturer IV, Classical Studies, The University of Michigan (USA)Slawomir Sprawski, Assistant Professor of Ancient History, Jagiellonian University, Krakow (Poland)Stylianos V. Spyridakis, Professor of Ancient History. University of California, Davis (USA)Theodosia Stefanidou-Tiveriou, Professor of Classical Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece)Rachel Sternberg, Associate Professor of Classics, Case Western Reserve University (USA)Dr. Tom Stevenson, Lecturer in Classics and Ancient History, University of Queensland (Australia)Andrew Stewart, Nicholas C. Petris Professor of Greek Studies, University of California, Berkeley (USA)Oliver Stoll, Univ.-Prof. Dr., Alte Geschichte/ Ancient History, Universität Passau (Germany)Richard Stoneman, Honorary Fellow, University of Exeter (UK)Ronald Stroud, Klio Distinguished Professor of Classical Languages and Literature Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley (USA)Sarah Culpepper Stroup, Associate Professor of Classics, University of Washington (USA)Dr Panico J. Stylianou, Lecturer in Ancient History, Lady Margaret Hall, University of Oxford (UK)Thomas A. Suits, Emeritus Professor of Classical Languages, University of Connecticut (USA)Nancy Sultan, Professor and Director, Greek & Roman Studies, Illinois Wesleyan University (USA)Peter Michael Swan, Professor of History Emeritus, University of Saskatchewan (Canada)David W. Tandy, Professor of Classics, University of Tennessee (USA)James Tatum, Aaron Lawrence Professor of Classics, Dartmouth College (USA)Martha C. Taylor, Associate Professor of Classics, Loyola College in Maryland (USA)Petros Themelis, Professor Emeritus of Classical Archaeology, Athens (Greece)Eberhard Thomas, Priv.-Doz. Dr., Archäologisches Institut der Universität zu Köln (Germany)Michalis Tiverios, Professor of Classical Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece)Michael K. Toumazou, Professor of Classics, Davidson College (USA)Stephen V. Tracy, Professor of Greek and Latin Emeritus, Ohio State University (USA)Prof. Dr. Erich Trapp, Austrian Academy of Sciences/Vienna resp. University of Bonn (Germany)Christopher Trinacty, Keiter Fellow in Classics, Amherst College (USA)Stephen M. Trzaskoma, Associate Professor of Classics, University of New Hampshire (USA)Vasiliki Tsamakda, Professor of Christian Archaeology and Byzantine History of Art, University of Mainz (Germany)Christopher Tuplin, Professor of Ancient History, University of Liverpool (UK)Yannis Tzifopoulos, Associate Professor of Ancient Greek and Epigraphy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece)Gretchen Umholtz, Lecturer, Classics and Art History, University of Massachusetts, Boston (USA)Panos Valavanis, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Athens (Greece)Eric R. Varner, Associate Professor, Departments of Classics and Art History, Emory University, Atlanta (USA)Athanassios Vergados, Visiting Assistant Professor of Classics, Franklin & Marshall College (USA)Frederik J. Vervaet, PhD, Lecturer in Ancient History. School of Historical Studies The University of Melbourne (Australia)Christina Vester, Assistant Professor of Classics, University of Waterloo (Canada)Dr. Zsolt Visy, Leiter Universität Pécs Lehrstuhl für Alte Geschichte und Archäologie, Archäologisches Seminar (Hungary)Emmanuel Voutiras, Professor of Classical Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece)Speros Vryonis, Jr., Alexander S. Onassis Professor (Emeritus) of Hellenic Civilization and Culture, New York University (USA)Michael B. Walbank, Professor Emeritus of Greek, Latin & Ancient History, The University of Calgary (Canada)Dr. Irma Wehgartner, Curator of the Martin von Wagner Museum der Universität Wurzburg (Germany)Bonna D. Wescoat, Associate Professor, Art History and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, Emory University (USA)E. Hector Williams, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of British Columbia (Canada)Peter James Wilson FAHA, William Ritchie Professor of Classics, The University of Sydney (Australia)Roger J. A. Wilson, Professor of the Archaeology of the Roman Empire, and Director, Centre for the Study of Ancient Sicily, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (Canada)Engelbert Winter, Professor for Ancient History, University of Münster (Germany)Timothy F. Winters, Ph.D. Alumni Assn. Distinguished Professor of Classics Austin Peay State University (USA)Ioannis Xydopoulos, Assistant Professor in Ancient History, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece)David C. Young, Professor of Classics Emeritus, University of Florida (USA)Maria Ypsilanti, Assistant Professor of Ancient Greek Literature, University of Cyprus (Cyprus)Katerina Zacharia, Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Classics & Archaeology, Loyola Marymount University (USA)Michael Zahrnt, Professor für Alte Geschichte, Universität zu Köln (Germany)Paul Zanker, Professor Emeritus of Classical Studies, University of Munich (Germany)Froma I. Zeitlin, Ewing Professor of Greek Language & Literature, Professor of Comparative Literature, Princeton University (USA)332 signatures as of June 22nd, 2009, that were sent with the update.The original letter sent on May 18th, 2009, had 200 signatures.For the growing list of scholars, please go to the Addenda.cc: J. Biden, Vice President, USAH. Clinton, Secretary of State USAP. Gordon, Asst. Secretary-designate, European and Eurasian AffairsH.L Berman, Chair, House Committee on Foreign AffairsI. Ros-Lehtinen, Ranking Member, House Committee on Foreign AffairsJ. Kerry, Chair, Senate Committee on Foreign RelationsR.G. Lugar, Ranking Member, Senate Committee on Foreign RelationsR. Menendez, United States Senator from New Jersey.Addenda3 Scholars added on June 25th 2009:Jerker Blomqvist, Professor emeritus of Greek Language and literature, Lund University (Sweden)Christos Karakolis, Assistant Professor of New Testament, University of Athens (Greece)Chrys C. Caragounis, Professor emeritus of New Testament Exegesis and the development of the Greek language since ancient times, Lund University (Sweden)5 Scholars added on June 29th 2009:Harold D. Evjen, Professor Emeritus of Classical Studies, University of Colorado at Boulder (USA)Hara Tzavella-Evjen, Professor Emerita of Classical Archaeology, University of Colorado at Boulder (USA)Michael Paschalis, Professor of Classics, Department of Philology, University of Crete, Rethymnon (Greece)Vrasidas Karalis, Professor, New Testament Studies, The University of Sydney (Australia)Emilio Crespo, Professor of Greek Philology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain)2 Scholars added on July 8th 2009:Dr. Zoi Kotitsa, Archaeologist, Scientific research fellow, University of Marburg (Germany)Dr. Ekaterini Tsalampouni, Assistant Lecturer in New Testament, Graeco-Roman antiquity and Koine Greek, Ludwig-Maximillian University of Munich (Germany)2 Scholars added on July 18th 2009:Karol Myśliwiec, Professor Dr., Director of the Research Centre for Mediterranean Archaeology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw (Poland)Stephen Neale, Distinguished Professor of Philosophy and Linguistics, John H. Kornblith Family Chair in the Philosophy of Science and Values, City University of New York (USA)1 Scholar added on July 20th 2009:Marsh McCall, Professor Emeritus, Department of Classics, Stanford University (USA)1 Scholar added on August 10th 2009:Georgia Tsouvala, Assistant Professor of History, Illinois State University (USA)1 Scholar added on September 3rd 2009:Mika Rissanen, PhL, Ancient History, University of Jyvaskyla (Finland)2 Scholars added on October 10th 2009:José Antonio Fernández Delgado. Professor of Greek Philology, Universidad de Salamanca (Spain)Zinon Papakonstantinou, Assistant Professor of Hellenic Studies, Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington, Seattle (USA)1 Scholar added on October 17th 2009:Eugene Afonasin, Professor of Greek Philosophy and of Roman Law, Novosibirsk State University (Russia)1 Scholar added on October 28th 2009:Hartmut Wolff, Professor für Alte Geschichte (emeritus), Universität Passau (Germany)1 Scholar added on October 30th 2009:Eleni Manakidou, Assistant Professor of Classical Archaeology, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki (Greece)1 Scholar added on November 3rd 2009:Pavlos Sfyroeras, Associate Professor of Classics, Middlebury College (USA)1 Scholar added on November 11th 2009:Konstantinos Kapparis, Associate Professor of Classics, Department of Classics, University of Florida (USA)1 Scholar added on November 14th 2009:Prof. Dr. Ingomar Weiler, Professor Emeritus, Ancient Greek and Roman History, Karl-Franzens-Universität of Graz (Austria)1 Scholar added on November 15th 2009:Werner Petermandl, Universitätslektor, Karl-Franzens-Universität of Graz (Austria)1 Scholar added on December 4th 2009:István Kertész, Professor of ancient Greco-Roman history, Department of Ancient and Medieval History, Pedagogic College in Eger (Hungary)1 Scholar added on March 11th 2010:Nassi Malagardis, chargée de Mission au Département des Antiquités Grecques, Etrusques et Romaines du Musée du Louvre, Paris (France)2 Scholars added on March 25th 2010:Gonda Van Steen, Professor, Department of Classics, University of Florida (USA)Robert Wagman, Associate Professor of Classics, Department of Classics, University of Florida (USA)2 Scholars added on March 27th 2010:Angelos Barmpotis, Ph.D., Director of the Digital Epigraphy and Archaeology Project, University of Florida (USA)Eleni Bozia, Ph.D. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Classics, University of Florida (USA)1 Scholar added on April 16th 2010:Timothy Johnson, Associate Professor, Department of Classics, University of Florida (USA)1 Scholar added on April 17th 2010:Christos C. Tsagalis, Associate Professor of Classics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece)1 Scholar added on August 31st 2010:Potitsa Grigorakou, Lecturer in Hellenism in the Orient, Public University of Athens (Greece)2 Scholars added on September 3rd 2010:Maurice Sartre, Professor of Ancient History, emeritus. Université François-Rabelais, Tours (France)Apostolos Bousdroukis, Researcher, Institute for Greek and Roman Antiquity, National Hellenic Research Foundation (Greece)1 Scholar added on September 10th 2010:Alastar Jackson, Hon. Research Fellow in Ancient History, Manchester University (U.K.)1 Scholar added on October 5th 2010:Frances Van Keuren, Professor Emerita of Ancient Art History, University of Georgia (USA)1 Scholar added on December 4th 2010:Thomas Heine Nielsen, Associate Professor of Ancient Greek, University of Copenhagen (Denmark)1 Scholar added on April 18th 2011:Antonis Bartsiokas, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Department of History and Ethnology, University of Thrace (Greece)1 Scholar added on October 16th 2011:Thanasis Maskaleris, Emeritus Professor of Classics and Comparative Literature, San Francisco State University (USA)1 Scholar added on February 22nd 2013:Stephen Bertman, Professor Emeritus of Classics, The University of Windsor (Canada)1 Scholar added on October 12th 2013:Helen Karabatzaki, Associate Professor emeritus of Ancient Greek Philosophy, University of Ioannina (Greece)1 Scholar added on February 19th 2018:Sylvian Fachard, Professor of Classical Studies, American School of Classical Studies (Switzerland)1 Scholar added on February 23rd 2018:Charalampos Stamelos, Instructor in the History of Law, European University Cyprus (Greece)Macedonia EvidenceThe Macedonian ethnicity didn't exist until the 1940s when Tito saw it as a good possiblity to distance the population from Bulgaria and lay claims on Greek land (the province of Macedonia to be exact). As much as you want things to be different they will not change. Unfortunatly when people are indoctrinated it is very hard to correct them and that's also why we gain things like this.So I suggest that you stop gaining your information from propaganda websites like Republika or history of Macedonia.To answer your question anyway: Alexander the great was burried in Alexandria, Egypt where his body was eventually lost.

There are nuances in the Elitist system when it comes to who controls the US government. For instance it is known that an Elite association which has emerged from the Ivy Universities (Skull and Bones and other academic secret societies), do indeed have a hold on the US government apparatus (as they are also members of the Trilateral Commission, the Council of Foreign Relations and so forth). Such hold has started just after the Great Depression which saw the US federal reserve falls into private hands. Hands that we can’t name since it is incorporated in Delaware, one of few states which keep confidential the name of the owners registered with them.It’s why Trump is a surprise for them. As while being from the Elite, he’s not an “initiated” to those secret societies. It might explain why he’s “hunted” so much by his own establishment. As he got into power without owning it to anyone. He’s the first President to have been elected only because of himself. As such he doesn’t owe anyone. And this, piss off the Elite in control. Because they cannot harness him. So they work to create new leverages on him. And so far they have work VERY hard. Which means, he’s like a fish for them. They can’t seems to get hold on him. At least never for long.It this goes for too long, he might even experience the same fate as J.F Kennedy.So here’s a list of the past members of the US government, also members of the “initiated” Elite:CFR Influence in the U.S. GovernmentFrom 1928-72, nine out of twelve Republican Presidential nominees were CFR members. From 1952-72, CFR members were elected four out of six times. During three separate campaigns, both the Republican and Democratic nominee were, or had been a member. Since World War II, practically every Presidential candidate, with the exception of Johnson, Goldwater, and Reagan, have been members.In Sen. Barry Goldwater's 1979 memoir, With No Apologies, he wrote: "When a new President comes on board, there is a great turnover in personnel but no change in policy." That's because CFR members have held almost every key position in every Administration, from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Bill Clinton.During that period, every Secretary of State (with the exception of Cordell Hull, James F. Byrnes, and William Rogers) has been a member. Every Secretary of Defense from the Truman Administration up to the Clinton Administration (with the exception of Melvin Laird) has been a member. Since 1920, most of the Treasury Secretaries have been members; and since the Eisenhower Administration, nearly all of the National Security Advisors have been members.Curtis Dall wrote in his book, FDR: My Exploited Father-in-Law:"For a long time I felt that FDR had developed many thoughts and ideas that were his own to benefit this country, the USA. But, he didn't. Most of his thoughts, his political 'ammunition' as it were, were carefully manufactured for him in advance by the CFR / One World money group."NATO CommandersThe position of Supreme Allied Commander of NATO has usually been held by CFR members, including:Gen. Dwight D. EisenhowerGen. Matthew B. RidgewayGen. Alfred M. GroentherGen. Lauris NorstadGen. Lyman L. LemnitzerGen. Andrew J. GoodpasterGen. Alexander M. Haig, Jr.Most of the superintendents at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point have been CFR members.Harry S. Truman AdministrationDean Acheson (Secretary of State)Robert Lovett (Secretary of State and later Secretary of Defense)W. Averell Harriman (Marshall Plan Administrator)John J. McCloy (High Commissioner to Germany)George Kennan (State Department advisor)Charles Bohlen (State Department advisor).Dwight Eisenhower AdministrationWhen CFR member Dwight Eisenhower became President, he appointed six CFR members to his Cabinet, and twelve to positions of 'Under Secretary':John Foster Dulles (Secretary of State, an in-law to the Rockefellers who was a founding member of the CFR, past Chairman of the Rockefeller Foundation and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace)Allen Dulles (head of the OSS operation in Switzerland during World War II, who became Director of the CIA and President of the CFR)Robert B. Anderson (Secretary of the Treasury)Lewis Strauss (Secretary of Commerce)John F. Kennedy AdministrationWhen CFR member John F. Kennedy became President, 63 of the 82 names on his list of prospective State Department officials were CFR members. John Kenneth Galbraith said: "Those of us who had worked for the Kennedy election were tolerated in the government for that reason and had a say, but foreign policy was still with the Council on Foreign Relations people." Among the more notable members in his Administration:Dean Rusk (Secretary of State)C. Douglas Dillon (Secretary of the Treasury)Adlai Stevenson (U.N. Ambassador)John McCone (CIA Director)W. Averell Harriman (Ambassador-at-Large)John J. McCloy (Disarmament Administrator)Gen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer (Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff)John Kenneth Galbraith (Ambassador to India)Edward R. Murrow (head of the U.S. Information Agency)Arthur H. Dean (head of the U.S. Delegation to the Geneva Disarmament Conference)Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. (Special White House Assistant and noted historian)Thomas K. Finletter (Ambassador to NATO and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)George Ball (Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs)McGeorge Bundy (Special Assistant for National Security who went on to head the Ford Foundation)Robert McNamara (Secretary of Defense)Robert F. Kennedy (Attorney General)Paul H. Nitze (Assistant Secretary of Defense)Charles E. Bohlen (Assistant Secretary of State)Walt W. Rostow (Deputy National Security Advisor)Roswell Gilpatrick (Deputy Secretary of Defense)Henry Fowler (Under Secretary of State)Jerome Wiesner (Special Assistant to the President)Angier Duke (Chief of Protocol).Lyndon B. Johnson AdministrationRoswell Gilpatrick (Deputy Secretary of Defense)Walt W. Rostow (Special Assistant to the President)Hubert H. Humphrey (Vice-President)Dean Rusk (Secretary of State)Henry Fowler (Secretary of the Treasury)George Ball (Under Secretary of State)Robert McNamara(Secretary of Defense)Paul H. Nitze (Deputy Secretary of Defense)Alexander B. Trowbridge (Secretary of Commerce)William McChesney Martin (Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board)Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor (Chairman of the Foreign Intelligence Board)Richard M. Nixon AdministrationNixon appointed over 100 CFR members to serve in his Administration, including:George Ball (Foreign Policy Consultant to the State Department)Dr. Harold Brown (General Advisory Committee of the U.S. Committee of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and the senior member of the U.S. delegation for SALT talks with Russia)Dr. Arthur Burns (Chairman of the Federal Reserve)C. Fred Bergsten (Operations Staff of the National Security Council)C. Douglas Dillon (General Advisory Committee of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency)Richard N. Cooper (Operations Staff of the National Security Council)Gen. Andrew I. Goodpaster (Supreme Allied Commander in Europe)John W. Gardner (Board of Directors, National Center for Volunteer Action)Elliot L. Richardson (Under Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Attorney General; and Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare)David Rockefeller (Task Force on International Development)Nelson A. Rockefeller (head of the Presidential Mission to Ascertain the Views of Leaders in the Latin America Countries)Rodman Rockefeller (Member of the Advisory Council for Minority Enterprise)Dean Rusk (General Advisory Committee of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency)Gerald Smith (Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency)Cyrus Vance (General Advisory Committee of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency)Richard Gardner (member of the Commission on International Trade and Investment Policy)Sen. Jacob K. Javits (Representative to the 24th Session of the General Assembly of the U.N.)Henry A. Kissinger (Secretary of State and Harvard professor who was Rockefeller's personal advisor on foreign affairs openly advocating a "New World Order")Henry Cabot Lodge (Chief Negotiator of the Paris Peace Talks [Vietnam war])Douglas MacArthur II (Ambassador to Iran)John J. McCloy (Chairman of the General Advisory Committee of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency)Paul H. Nitze (senior member of the U.S. delegation for the talks with Russia on SALT)John Hay Whitney (member of the Board of Directors for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting)George P. Shultz (Secretary of the Treasury)William Simon (Secretary of Treasury)Stanley R. Resor (Secretary of the Army)William E. Colby (Director of the CIA)Peter G. Peterson (Secretary of Commerce)James Lynn (Housing Secretary)Paul McCracken (chief economic aide)Charles Yost (U.N. Ambassador)Harlan Cleveland (NATO Ambassador)Jacob Beam (USSR Ambassador)David Kennedy (Secretary of Treasury).Gerald R. Ford AdministrationWhen CFR member Gerald Ford became President, among some of the other CFR members:William Simon (Secretary of Treasury)Nelson Rockefeller (Vice-President)Jimmy Carter AdministrationPresident Carter (who became a CFR member in 1983) appointed over 60 CFR members to serve in his Administration:Walter Mondale (Vice-President)Zbigniew Brzezinski (National Security Advisor)Cyrus R. Vance (Secretary of State)W. Michael Blumenthal (Secretary of Treasury)Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense)Stansfield Turner (Director of the CIA)Gen. David Jones (Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff)Ronald Reagan AdministrationThere were 75 CFR and Trilateral Commission members under President Reagan:Alexander Haig (Secretary of State)George Shultz (Secretary of State)Donald Regan (Secretary of Treasury)William Casey (CIA Director)Malcolm Baldridge (Secretary of Commerce)Jeanne J. Kirkpatrick (U.N. Ambassador)Frank C. Carlucci (Deputy Secretary of Defense)William E. Brock (Special Trade Representative)George H. W. Bush AdministrationDuring his 1964 campaign for the U.S. Senate in Texas, George Bush said: "If Red China should be admitted to the U.N., then the U.N. is hopeless and we should withdraw." In 1970, as Ambassador to the U.N., he pushed for Red China to be seated in the General Assembly. When Bush was elected, the CFR member became the first President to publicly mention the "New World Order" and had in his Administration nearly 350 CFR and Trilateral Commission members:Brent Scowcroft (National Security Advisor)Richard B. Cheney (Secretary of Defense)Colin L. Powell (Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff)William Webster (Director of the CIA)Richard Thornburgh (Attorney General)Nicholas F. Brady (Secretary of Treasury)Lawrence S. Eagleburger (Deputy Secretary of State)Horace G. Dawson, Jr. (U.S. Information Agency and Director of the Office of Equal Opportunity and Civil Rights)Alan Greenspan (Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board)Bill Clinton AdministrationWhen CFR member Bill Clinton was elected, Newsweek magazine would later refer to him as the "New Age President." In October, 1993, Richard Harwood, a Washington Post writer, in describing the Clinton Administration, said its CFR membership was "the nearest thing we have to a ruling establishment in the United States".Albert Gore, Jr. (Vice-President)Donna E. Shalala (Secretary of Health and Human Services)Laura D. Tyson (Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors)Alice M. Rivlin (Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget)Madeline K. Albright (U.S. Ambassador to the U.N.)Warren Christopher (Secretary of State)Clifton R. Wharton, Jr. (Deputy Secretary of State and former Chairman of the Rockefeller Foundation)Les Aspin (Secretary of Defense)Colin Powell (Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff)W. Anthony Lake (National Security Advisor)George Stephanopoulos (Senior Advisor)Samuel R. 'Sandy' Berger (Deputy National Security Advisor)R. James Woolsey (CIA Director)William J. Crowe, Jr. (Chairman of the Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board)Lloyd Bentsen (former member, Secretary of Treasury)Roger C. Altman (Deputy Secretary of Treasury)Henry G. Cisneros (Secretary of Housing and Urban Development)Bruce Babbit (Secretary of the Interior)Peter Tarnoff (Under Secretary of State for International Security of Affairs)Winston Lord (Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs)Strobe Talbott (Aid Coordinator to the Commonwealth of Independent States)Alan Greenspan (Chairman of the Federal Reserve System)Walter Mondale (U.S. Ambassador to Japan)Ronald H. Brown (Secretary of Commerce)Franklin D. Raines (Economics and International Trade).George W. Bush AdministrationRichard Cheney (Vice President, former Secretary of Defense under President G.H.W. Bush)Colin Powell (Secretary of State, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under Presidents Bush and Clinton)Condoleeza Rice (National Security Advisor, former member of President Bush's National Security Council)Robert B. Zoellick (U.S. Trade Representative, former Under Secretary of State in the Bush administration)Elaine Chao (Secretary of Labor)Brent Scowcroft (Chairman of the Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, former National Security Advisor to President Bush)Richard Haass (Director of Policy Planning at the State Department and Ambassador at Large)Henry Kissinger (Pentagon Defense Policy Board, former Secretary of State under Presidents Nixon and Ford)Robert Blackwill (U.S. Ambassador to India, former member of President Bush's National Security Council)Stephen Friedman (Sr. White House Economic Advisor)Stephen Hadley (Deputy National Security Advisor, former Assistant Secretary of Defense under Cheney)Richard Perle (Chairman of Pentagon Defense Policy Board, former Assistant Secretary of Defense in the Reagan administration)Paul Wolfowitz (Assistant Secretary of Defense, former Assistant Secretary of State in the Reagan administration and former Under Secretary of Defense in the Bush administration)Dov S. Zakheim (Under Secretary of Defense, Comptroller, former Under Secretary of Defense in the Reagan administration)I. Lewis Libby (Chief of Staff for the Vice President, former Deputy Under Secretary of Defense).The Christian Science Monitor said that "almost half of the Council members have been invited to assume official government positions or to act as consultants at one time or another."(page top)CFR Influence in Education and the MediaThe Council accepts only American citizens, and has a membership of about 3,600, including influential bankers, corporate officers, and leading government officials who have been significantly affecting domestic and foreign policy for the past 30 years. Every [recent] member had been handpicked by David Rockefeller, who heads the inner circle of the CFR.[snip]Some of the CFR directors have been:Walter Lippman (1932-37)Adlai Stevenson (1958-62)Cyrus Vance (1968-76, 1981-87)Zbigniew Brzezinski (1972-77)Robert O. Anderson (1974-80)Paul Volcker (1975-79)Theodore M. Hesburgh (1926-85)Lane Kirkland (1976-86)George H.W. Bush (1977-79)Henry Kissinger (1977-81)David Rockefeller (1949-85)George Shultz (1980-88)Alan Greenspan (1982-88)Brent Scowcroft (1983-89)Jeanne J. Kirkpatrick (1985- )Warren M. Christopher (1982-91)Richard Cheney (1987-89)Some of the College Presidents that have been CFR members:Michael I. Sovern (Columbia University)Frank H. T. Rhodes (Cornell University)John Brademus (New York University)Alice S. Ilchman (Sarah Lawrence College)Theodore M. Hesburgh (Notre Dame University)Donald Kennedy (Stanford University)Benno J. Schmidt, Jr. (Yale University)Hanna Holborn Gray (University of Chicago)Stephen Muller (Johns Hopkins University)Howard R. Swearer (Brown University)Donna E. Shalala (University of Wisconsin)John P. Wilson (Washington and Lee University).Among the members of the media who have been in the CFR:William Paley (CBS)Dan Rather (CBS)Harry Reasoner (CBS)Roone Arledge (ABC)Bill Moyers (NBC)Tom Brokaw (NBC)John Chancellor (NBC)Marvin Kalb (CBS)Irving LevineDavid Brinkley (ABC)John ScaliBarbara Walters (ABC)William Buckley (PBS, National Review)George StephanopoulosDaniel Schorr (CBS)Robert McNeil (PBS)Jim Lehrer (PBS)Diane SawyerHodding Carter IIISome of the major newspapers, news services and media groups that have been controlled or influenced by the CFR:New York Times (Sulzbergers, James Reston, Max Frankel, Harrison Salisbury)Washington Post (Frederick S. Beebe, Katherine Graham, Osborne Elliott)Wall Street JournalBoston GlobeBaltimore SunChicago Sun-TimesL.A. Times SyndicateHouston PostMinneapolis Star-TribuneArkansas GazetteDes Moines Register and TribuneLouisville CourierAssociated PressUnited Press InternationalReuters News ServiceGannett Co. (publisher of USA Today and 90 other daily papers plus 40 weeklies; and also owns 15 radio stations, 8 TV stations, and 40,000 billboards).In 1896, Aldolph Ochs bought the New York Times, with the financial backing of J.P. Morgan (CFR), August Belmont (Rothschild agent), and Jacob Schiff (of Kuhn, Loeb and Co.). It later passed to the control of Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, who was also a CFR member. Eugene Meyer, a CFR member, bought the Washington Post in 1933. [It was later] run by his daughter, Katherine Graham, also a member of the CFR.Some of the magazines that have been controlled or influenced by the CFR:Time, Inc. founded by CFR member Henry Luce and Hedley Donovan, which publishes Time, Fortune, Life, Money, People, Entertainment Weekly, and Sports IllustratedNewsweek (owned by the Washington Post, W. Averell Harriman, Roland Harriman, and Lewis W. Douglas)Business WeekU.S. News and World ReportSaturday ReviewNational ReviewReader's DigestAtlantic MonthlyMcCall'sForbesLookHarper's MagazineSome of the publishers that have been controlled or influenced by the CFR:MacmillanRandom HouseSimon & SchusterMcGraw-HillHarper BrothersHarper & RowYale University PressLittle Brown & Co.Viking PressCowles Publishing.(page top)CFR Affiliated Organizations and CorporationsG. Gordon Liddy, former Nixon staffer, who later became a talk show pundit, laughed off the idea of a "New World Order", saying that there are so many different organizations working toward their own goals of a one-world government, that they cancel each other out. Not the case. You have seen that their tentacles are very far reaching, as far as the government and the media. However, as outlined below, you will see that the CFR has a heavy cross membership with many groups; as well as a cross membership among the directorship of many corporate boards, and this is a good indication that their efforts are concerted.Some of the organizations and think-tanks that have been controlled or influenced by the CFR:Brookings InstituteRAND CorporationAmerican AssemblyForeign Policy Association (co-founded by CFR member Raymond Fosdick)World Affairs CouncilBusiness Advisory CouncilCommittee for Economic DevelopmentNational Foreign Trade CouncilNational Bureau of Economic ResearchNational Association of ManufacturersNational Industrial Conference BoardAmericans for Democratic ActionHudson InstituteCarnegie Endowment for International PeaceInstitute for Defense AnalysisWorld Peace FoundationUnited Nations AssociationNational Planning AssociationCenter for Inter-American RelationsFree Europe CommitteeAtlantic Council of the U.S. (founded in 1961 by CFR member Christian Herter)Council for Latin AmericaNational Committee on U.S.-China RelationsAfrican-American InstituteMiddle East InstituteSome of the many companies that have been controlled or influenced by the CFR:Morgan, StanleyKuhn, LoebLehman BrothersBank of AmericaChase Manhattan BankJ. P. Morgan and Co.First National City BankBrown Brothers, Harriman and Co.Bank of New YorkCitiBank/CiticorpChemical BankBankers Trust of New YorkManufacturers HanoverMorgan GuarantyMerrill LynchEquitable LifeNew York LifeMetropolitan LifeMutual of New YorkPrudential InsurancePhillips PetroleumChevronExxonMobilAtlantic-Richfield (Arco)TexacoIBMXerox CorporationAT&TGeneral ElectricITT CorporationDow ChemicalE. I. du PontBMW of North AmericaMitsubishiToyota Motor CorporationGeneral MotorsFord Motor CompanyChryslerU.S. SteelProctor and GambleJohnson and JohnsonEstee LauderAvon ProductsR. J. R. NabiscoR. H. MacyFederated Department StoresGimbel BrothersJ. C. Penney CompanySears, Roebuck and CompanyMay Department StoresAllied StoresAmerican ExpressPepsiCoCoca ColaPfizerBristol-Myers SquibbHilton HotelsAmerican AirlinesIn September, 1922, when the CFR began publishing its quarterly magazine, Foreign Affairs, the editorial stated that its purpose was "to guide American opinion." By 1924, it had "established itself as the most authoritative American review dealing with international relations." This highly influential magazine has been the leading publication of its kind, and has a circulation of over 75,000. Reading this publication can be highly informative as to the views of its members. For instance, the Spring, 1991 issue, called for a U.N. standing army, consisting of military personnel from all the member nations, directly under the control of the U.N. Security Council.A major source of their funding (since 1953), stems from providing a "corporate service" to over 100 companies for a minimum fee of $1,000, that furnishes subscribers with inside information on what is going on politically and financially, both internationally and domestically; by providing free consultation, use of their extensive library, a subscription to Foreign Affairs, and by holding seminars on reports and research done for the Executive branch. They also publish books and pamphlets, and have regular dinner meetings to allow speakers and members to present positions, award study fellowships to scholars, promote regional meetings and stage round-table discussion meetings.Since the Council on Foreign Relations has been able to infiltrate our government, it is no wonder that our country has been traveling on the course that it has. The moral, educational and financial decline of this nation has been no accident. It has been due to a carefully contrived plot on behalf of these conspirators, who will be satisfied with nothing less than a one-world government. And it is coming to that. As each year goes by, the momentum is picking up, and it is becoming increasingly clear, what road our government is taking. The proponents of one-world government are becoming less secretive, as evidenced by George Bush's talk of a "New World Order." The reason for that is that they feel it is too late for their plans to be stopped. They have become so entrenched in our government, our financial structure, and our commerce, that they probably do control this country, if not the world. In light of this, it seems that it will be only a matter of time before their plans are fully implemented.