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Thanks Ravi Kiran JP for the questionHow is the Kerala government ensuring education to students without the Internet?As per all latest statistics, Kerala rank 2nd in India among the states that have maximum Internet penetration. Internet Penetration is 54% in Kerala which is much higher than any other state barring New Delhi which has 69%. But New Delhi is a City State, while Kerala is a larger state, so this 56% is spread across much larger areaAs of now the following are the stats of KeralaThe second most internet penetrated state in India,For every 100 people in Kerala, 70 people are connected with InternetFor every 100 Urban people in Kerala, there are 164 internet subscribersFor every 100 Rural people in Kerala, there are 38 internet subscribersSo from the above figures, one can understand there is a huge gap between Urban-Rural divide. But the catch is that, Kerala is the second most urbanized state in India, with 47.7% of its people living in towns/cities and majority of the villages are unofficially recorded as outgrowns (ie, in records as village, but in reality as town). This explains the unusual difference. In urban areas, Kerala ranks second when comes to internet subscriptions for all telecom circles across the state at national level. This is second only to Delhi.This means the internet penetration is really high.Other interesting statistics is that, Kerala ranks first in Smartphone penetration with 62% of people who owns a Mobile Phone, owns a Smart PhoneSo despite of high statistics figures, there is a digital divide46% of Malayalees donot have access to Internet and 38% have no smartphone. There is another aspect that there is class and gender divide over this too.For example, while 62% have smartphones meaning that, in a family of 4, the husband might have a smart phone, while wife and kids may have feature phone. If Husband donot lend their smart phone to the kids to learn, so then no use of higher stats figures.So this is something we all understood during the survey taken by General Education Department in May 2020.So Kerala Govt decided NOT TO HAVE an internet based learning program as the internet divide is higher.But there is something that is available-TelevisionKerala has another record. It is the state that has highest television penetration and cable penetration in the country. The state has 93% television penetration and almost 90% cable TV penetration. Most of the homes do have a television and hence Govt of Kerala imparts E-Learning thro’ television as primary sourceKerala Govt has an education channel called VICTERS TV and its the first full fledged educational channel in India operated by a Govt. This is also a Free-to-Air satellite channel thro’ Edusat.Screenshot of Victers TV channel- India’s first 24 hours Educational Channel operated by a Govt agency (General Education Department of Kerala State)This channel will conduct classes for all subjects from Grade 1st to 12th standard (barring 11th standard as admission process hasn’t been completed as of now)Branded First Bell, the channel’s educational offering is available live from 8.30 am to 5.30 pm with 2 hours earmarked daily for class 12, 1.5 hours for Class 10, one hour for classes 8 and 9, with three periods of 30 mins, each while the lower classes have only one period of 30 mins each. Re-telecasts are available in the evening and night and during weekends.This channel is available in Cable TV services in Kerala and many outside Kerala. The channel is also listed in almost all DTH services in India.So it works in multi-model levelTelevision viewersEach lesson for each subject is taken by specialized teachers for each class using lot of graphics and innovative presentation methods to maximize attention. All episodes are pre-recorded and mixed with lot of graphics and multi-media options to enhance quality of understanding the concept.After streaming on air, it shall be made available as re-telecasts in same day in evenings and on weekends for those who missed any episodesA Plus two student attending her English class thro’ Victers TV channelInternet viewersEvery episode is live-streamed thro’ Victers Channel website live as and when its on air in TV.All Episodes are available in Victers Website to check laterAll episodes are uploaded in Youtube channel of Victers after streaming in Television, so that it can be played as and when a student likes8th standard students learning from Victers Live Streaming thro’ its websiteSmart PhoneThere is an Victers App for both Android Playstore and Apple Store to downloadThe app live-streams the episodes as and when its on air and all past episodes can be viewed from the library.Students will get a whatsapp short video from their school-class groups, every day.Kids learning from Victers Mobile Application which streams lessons livePost streaming discussionAs television based streaming is one-way communication, the option of clearing doubts cannot be possible. For this reason students can post their doubts to their school’s teachers via Phone calls after each day’s streaming or have a whatsapp group discussion. Each class will have their groups and teachers as admins to such groups.Teachers provide notes and worksheets to students to practice at home and doubts further to be cleared in same manner.There is a big problem unaddressed in the beginning as it was a trial exercise, to identify the gaps and issuesApprox 2 Lakh students has no access of either internet or mobile or television. They are mostly from the most vulnerable/depressed communities like Dalits, people below poverty line living in remote areas, fisherfolk etc.This became a major social issue after a girl from a poor family committed suicide due to lack of access to her class due to non-availablity of internet-television etc.Kerala Class X girl ends life allegedly over lack of access to online classesTo resolve this, Govt and public has formed various action plansGovt has formed Community study centers and neighbourhood study groups where students without televisions/internet etc can visit and access television to study. As the numbers of such students in each locality will be less, the govt donot expect crowding or larger attendance.A community study center opened in Wayanad where under privileged students can access public TV and attend online classSmall reading rooms and community halls are converted into temporary study centers for underprivileged students to access public TVs with social distancing.Govt has asked Local governments to form a ward level study committees with some resource people within them, who can visit and help students at home. Teachers within each ward will be part of this resources committee. These committees will identify houses and teachers/resources people visit houses and provide notes & worksheets on regular basis and clear doubts based after evaluating worksheets/home-works. Even police officers are part of this team as resource persons as many in Police force are highly qualified to help students.Kudumbashree (Asia’s largest women SHG community) has tied up with Kerala’s largest State run NBFC- KSFE to have Laptop chits fund so as poor people can buy Laptops and repay in smaller amounts a part of microfinancing schemesLaptop for students: Kudumbashree, KSFE to start micro chitty schemeVarious student groups and parties have formed their own study groups and study centers to ensure these students able to learn thro’ them. Many student political groups are collecting money thro’ crowdfunding and purchasing televisions which they are handing over to District Education Offices to be distributed to poor students. In last one week, approx 1800 new television sets have reached various district offices to be distributed to students.Various groups and organizations arranging and distributing television sets to underprivileged to have inclusive learningTeachers’ association to donate 2,500 TV setsManju Warrier, Aashiq Abu and B Unnikrishnan donate televisions to support students for attending online classes - Times of IndiaPhonebank and Laptop pooling has been started where groups seek public to lend their extra smartphones, Laptops, Tablets etc to a common collective bank which shall be distributed to poor students for a few months as loan. The collective takes responsibility for each gadget thro’ common insurance etc and provide internet connectivity to these gadgets thro’ tieing up with telecom companies.Public sponsorships are sought thro’ various charity organizations and often celebrities are now working thro’ their fanclubs etc to procure funds to purchase new television sets or Tablets etc to those who don’t have any option. Kerala Govt has officially requested all companies operating in Kerala for lending a portion of their CSR funds for this purpose.Kerala Govt’s own Laptop manufacturing company- Coconics (PPP venture between Kerala Govt with UST Global and Intel) has started manufacturing cost effective laptops with heavy state subsidies to have new student laptops for Rs 11k and 13KKerala Govt's Education Plan For Students With No TV, Internet Or SmartphoneSaying so, Kerala Govt firmly believes, Online education is not a permanent replacement to classroom education which has been underlined by CM and many other ministers.The govt officially mentioned this is just going to be temporary due to Covid as Schools have bigger purpose in a child’s life as an institution to impart values, morals, character formation which happens thro’ interactions with teachers, friends and classmates, which no television or internet can provide so.

What you can do now is be the best student you can be in all subjects, and recognize that who you associate with will influence who you become. Life is a series of minor decisions that result in major effects over the course of a life. An example could be the use of drugs and alcohol like everyone else seems to be doing, or recognizing that what one does under the influence of intoxicants can have bad results that will haunt you. There may be a police explorer program available in your area (Law Enforcement Career Exploring | Exploring.org).Other than the USMC occupational specialty of Interrogator/Translator (United States Marine Corps Inter), there is no career field involving only interrogation. Interrogations are conducted by police and criminal investigators in the course of their investigations. Some are better at it than others, either through natural ability or psychological related study (e.g., Inbau, F. E., Reid, J. E., Buckley, J. P., & Jayne, B. C. (2004). Criminal interrogation and confessions (4th ed.). Boston: Jones and Bartlett [there may be a later edition]).Law enforcement positions are filled on a competitive basis, those meeting the minimum requirements will not be as qualified as those with the best qualifications; and the required qualifications vary between departments. And, there are more applicants than there are positions. To become a police officer, the standard requirement for most major police agencies seems to be a minimum of 60 undergraduate hours (from a regionally accredited college), although some allow substitution of military service, and a Bachelor's degree may be preferred (generally required for federal special agent positions); although some may only require a high school diploma. Some agencies (and federal agencies) have a military hiring preference, and being an officer counts more than being an enlisted person. A good investigator is well versed in many subjects.Some agencies have age limits, for federal jobs it is 21 minimum and 37 maximum. Any major is acceptable, but Criminal Justice, Forensics, Computer Science, Sociology, or Psychology may stand you in better stead. Foreign language ability, particularly Spanish, is advantageous. Smaller agencies may have a high school requirement. And GPA may be more important than major. The agency normally provides training, but some states may have private academies (like TX). Those meeting the minimum requirements may not compare well to the best qualified applicants. Many agencies have increased pay levels for higher education, and higher education facilitates promotion.To be a detective or tactical team member, first you have to be a regular patrol officer for a certain number of years, which varies by jurisdiction. The larger the organization, the more specialized units will be employed. Generally, you may have to meet qualification requirements, may have to pass the exam (physical and firearms for tactical), and will need recommendations from supervisors. A bachelor’s degree may provide an advantage.A Bachelor's degree is required for federal special agent positions (very few exceptions). As stated above, any major is acceptable. I attended an agency-sponsored Masters program for an MS in management. GPA, work experience, ability to communicate orally and in writing, and graduate degrees are what determine who gets hired for federal positions. And, there are always more applicants than positions. Those meeting the minimum requirements may not compare well to the best qualified applicants. Military service may provide hiring preference, service as an officer is preferred over enlisted service.The FBI likes lawyers and accountants, but they hire from various backgrounds (http://www.fbijobs.gov/). Other federal agency job announcements should be available at https://my.usajobs.gov/login.aspx; acceptance of applications is cyclical. NCIS’s website: http://www.ncis.navy.mil/ (oversold due to TV).You must have no felony arrests, and many misdemeanor arrests are also disqualifying, as may be bad credit. And, a domestic violence conviction will be disqualifying. Any prior drug use of any sort may be disqualifying, although exceptions are possible in some agencies. There may be a written exam, medical exam, polygraph test, physical fitness test, drug test, minimum eyesight requirements, psychological evaluation, oral board examination, and full background check. As I said, there are always more applicants than there are positions, so it may take many application submissions to get an acceptable job (at least it did for me).Criminal profiling is not a clearly defined professional field, in that there are no admission standards based upon education, experience, or certification. Criminologists, forensic psychologists, law enforcers, and other self-appointed individuals profess to be criminal profilers or offer profiling consultation. Generically, a profile can be defined as: “a set of data ... portraying the significant features of something, ... (or) a concise biographical sketch” (Merriam-Webster, 2008). Specifically, Turvey (2001) defines a criminal profile as:A court-worthy document that accounts for the physical and behavioral evidence relating to the known victimology and crime scene characteristics of a particular case, or series of related cases, in order to infer investigatively relevant characteristics of the offender responsible. (p. 681)A Linkage Analysis can be a profiling process which assesses Method of Operation and Signature (i.e., behaviors performed during the criminal act that are not necessarily inherent to that act, like ritual or fetish) and offers an opinion on the likelihood that a series of offenses were committed by the same offender. A Post Conviction Review offers an opinion on the competence of investigation leading to the conviction, as well as recommendations for further forensic analysis. And, an Equivocal Death Analysis reviews the circumstances of a death.The Federal Bureau of Investigation, apparently in response to judicial considerations, abandoned the term “criminal profiling” in favor of “criminal investigative analysis.” However, the quasi-official Crime Classification Manual defines “investigative profiling” as a method of narrowing the focus of an investigation, and“as an attempt to provide detailed information about a certain type of criminal (Geberth 1981), and as a biological sketch of behavioral patterns, trends, and tendencies (Vorpagel 1982). Geberth (1981) has noted that the investigative profile is particularly useful when the criminal has demonstrated some clearly identifiable pathology. ... Profiling is, in fact, a form of retroclassification, or classification that works backward. Typically, we classify a known entity into criteria for assignment to that category.” (Douglas, Burgess, Burgess, & Ressler, 1992)Criminal profiling is a criminological/sociological, psychological, biosociological, and forensic analysis process that attempts to make investigative sense of apparent crime scene dynamics, in order to gain an understanding of behavior, motivation characteristics of offenders, and personality. Profilers analyze the totality of the known crime circumstances, make inferences of offender behavior from that analysis, and create a profile of the offender based on inferences of the offender's behavior (what would appear to be inferences based on inferences). Fewer than 1 in 5 profiles result in the identification of a suspect, although as many as ¾ provide a positive contribution to the investigation.“Profiling is, in fact, a form of retroclassification, or classification that works backward. Profilers recognize crime scene dynamics that are associated to criminal personality types who commit similar offences. Typically we classify a known entity into a discrete category, based on presenting characteristics that translate into criteria for assignment to that category.” (Douglas, Burgess, Burgess, & Ressler, 2006, p. 97)“Psychiatric profile” is not mentioned in the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (2000, p. 572) (DSM-IV-TR). Even with diagnosis of more than one psychiatric problem, they may referred to as “dual diagnosis,” and a single “principle diagnosis” may be designated. Severity and course specifiers may be added, such as, mild, moderate, and severe, and/or a specifier of the state of remission, but there is no discussion of the construction of a profile. Therefore, the use of the labels “psychiatric profile” or “psychological profile” may be generic references to the diagnosis or categorization of mental disorders, but there is apparently no clinical or professional meaning.It is important to note that inductive profiling, as practiced by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and others, as described by Holmes and Holmes (2002) and Turvey, above, seems to be portrayed as ignoring the full range of forensics, geographic profiling, victimology, and so forth. That is not the case in most instances. However, the FBI does provide abbreviated consultation in certain cases, and Turvey (2001) advocates a similar process he has labeled a deductive “Threshold Assessment” (TA). The TA “reviews the initial physical evidence of behavior, victimology, and crime scene characteristics” and should not be confused with a criminal profile (p. 695).John Douglas, a retired supervisor of the FBI Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU) and pioneer profiler, indicated that the FBI profiling process was primarily inductive (Douglas & Olshaker, 1995). However, the current methodology for criminal investigative analysis (criminal profiling) incorporates inductive and deductive inferences (personal communication FBI Supervisory Special Agent Mark A. Hilts, March 2, 2009). Hilts is the Unit Chief of BAU-2. The National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime (NCAVC) consists of four sections: BAU-1, Threat Assessment (Counterterrorism); BAU-2, Crimes Against Adults; BAU-3, Crimes Against Children; and, the Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (ViCAP).Hilts related that the limits of the study of 36 convicted murderers reported in "Sexual Homicide" (Ressler, Burgess, & Douglas, 1992) have been recognized, and that data no longer dominates in the formulation of inferences in FBI analyses. Hilts indicated that there were no existing databases utilized solely for profiling, although data from ViCAP is consulted in some instances.The Crime Classification Manual (Douglas, Burgess, Burgess, & Ressler, 1992), a product of the NCAVC, includes an extensive victimology worksheet, and the FBI has been at the forefront in employment of forensic examination. And, it must be noted that inductive research has evolved from its humble beginnings by FBI agents attempting to open new doors in the criminal investigative process.The BAU personnel have conducted research and have been responsive to critiques of early collection efforts. Safarik, Jarvis, and Nussbaum (2006) studied sexual homicide of elderly females and established a typology for those offenders. And, academic research has also contributed to the inductive process (Alison, 2005; Egger, 2002). The inductive process may be less expensive due to the reusable data obtained from empirical inquiry, thereby amortizing the considerable cost of research over a period of time. However, for such a serious state of affairs, ongoing research appears necessary. And, there is a suggestion that any investigator can apply the principles of inductive profiling. While that may be true to a degree, the reliability of the product could be expected to vary with the education, training, and experience of the investigator; which impacts the overall perception of the viability of inductive profiling. Inductive profiling must be evaluated based on the qualifications of the profiler, just as the admissibility of expert forensic testimony must be established in court.Also, the inductive process may be considered less expensive due to the low numbers of certified profilers, thus the costs of maintaining a cadre of profilers available for consultation to numerous investigative agencies is small compared to the costs incurred if all of those agencies duplicated the manpower and training efforts. The BAU, of the NCAVC, requires two years of training prior to certification as an investigative profiler (personal communication Supervisory Special Agent Rhonda Trahern, BAU, February 12, 2008).Out of about 13,000 active FBI special agents, less than 200 special agents are assigned as NCAVC Field Coordinators. They are selected based on experience, they receive training on how to prepare case files for presentation to the BAU, and must serve for a period under the supervision of a certified profiler from the Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU). The NCAVC collects information on violent crime voluntarily submitted by police agencies, and attempts to link crimes committed in different jurisdictions.From this pool of about 200 agents, some are selected to become Supervisory Special Agent (SSA) profilers assigned to the BAU. The BAU, of the NCAVC, requires two years of training prior to certification as an investigative profiler (personal communication Supervisory Special Agent Rhonda Trahern, Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, BAU, February 2008). SSA Trahern was at that time one of two non-FBI agents assigned to the BAU, from a total of about 25 Supervisory Special Agents assigned as investigative profilers. The BAU dealing with adult criminals consists of eight (8) profilers (personal communication with the BAU-2 supervisor Hilts, March 2010).Related: http://www.quora.com/What-are-the-main-differences-between-criminal-psychology-forensic-psychology-and-criminology/answer/Dan-Robb-2References:Alison, L. (Ed.). (2005). The forensic psychologist’s casebook: Psychological profiling and criminal investigation. Portland, OR: Willan.American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.) (text revision). Washington, D.C.: Author.Douglas, J. E., Burgess, A. W., Burgess, A. G., & Ressler, R. K. (1992). Crime classification manual: A standard system for investigating and classifying violent crimes. San Francisco: Josey-Bass.Douglas, J. E., Burgess, A. W., Burgess, A. G., & Ressler, R. K. (Eds.). (2006). Crime classification manual: A standard system for investigating and classifying violent crimes (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Josey-Bass.Ressler, R. K., Burgess, A. W., & Douglas, J. E. (1992). Sexual homicides: Patterns and motives. New York: The Free Press.Douglas, J., & Olshaker, M. (1995). Mind hunter: Inside the FBI’s elite crime unit. New York: Pocket Books.Egger, S. A. (2002). The killers among us: An examination of serial murder and its investigation. (2nd ed.) Illinois: Prentice Hall.Holmes, R. M., & Holmes, S. T. (2002). Profiling violent crimes: An investigative tool (3rd. ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Merriam-Webster. (2008). Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary. Retrieved on February 26, 2008 from: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/typologySafarik, M. E., Jarvis, J. P., & Nussbaum, K. E. (2006). Sexual homicide of elderly females: Linking offender characteristics to victim and crime scene attributes. In R. D. Keppel (Ed.). Offender profiling (2nd ed.) (pp. 107-125). Mason, OH: Thompson. (Reprinted from Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 17, No. 5, 2002. Sage Publications, Inc.)Turvey, B. E. (2001). Criminal profiling: An introduction to behavioral evidence analysis (2nd ed.). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.

Hi i am Govind and doing Data analysis job in Paytm since 2018 along with teaching my experiences on my YouTube channel name Comtutor. You can visit and learn more about Excel.Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program developed by Microsoft that is used by many businesses to automate their daily processes such as maintaining the employee data, financial data, debit sheets, data analysis and much more.As a recruiter, depending on your job requirements you need to assess the candidates for their excel skills. But do you have any idea of what skills to look for? Here’s your quick guide to hiring excel experts for different job roles!Let’s discuss each case one by one from basic to advanced Excel skills and for job role based excel expertise.Let’s discuss each case one by one from basic to advanced Excel skills and for job role based excel expertise.Case 1: For Entry Level / Administrative Job RolesMany administrative roles or entry-level job profiles demand basic level MS Excel expertise to perform certain tasks that are time consuming and repetitive.Below is the list of Microsoft Excel skills that you need to look for while hiring the entry-level hires:SUMIF/SUMIFSCOUNTIF / COUNTIFSData FiltersData SortingPivot TablesCell FormattingData validationExcel shortcut keysWorkbookManaging Page LayoutCharts & its AnalysisCase 2: For Senior Level / Excel Specialists / Excel ExpertsThough it is said that excel is only a data maintaining tool, it is used to crunch, analyze and get fruitful results for complex queries using advanced functions, formulas, and VBA programming. The job roles that require such data research, data analysis, programming or project management responsibilities, demands the advanced level of Excel expertise.Below is the checklist for advanced Excel skills:Excel WorksheetsAdvanced ChartingFunctionsAdvanced FormulaeTool BarsVLOOKUPINDEX + MATCHConditional FormattingPIVOT Tables & PIVOT ReportingVBA & MacrosData Tables, Simulations & solverCase 3: Business Analyst Excel SkillsBusiness Analyst is a mediator or communicator between the IT department of your organization and business stakeholders. The Business analyst is a part of almost all those responsibilities that includes defining the strategy, creating enterprise architecture, defining requirements or goals of the project, identifying the new opportunities and thereby improving their business. In order to achieve all these KPIs, a Business analyst must have hands-on basic to advance excel functions, their functionalities.Below are the Excel skills that Business Analyst must master:VLOOKUPPivot TablesSUMIFS, COUNTIFSSUMPRODUCTIFERRORMATCHCharts & Chart AnalysisMACROSINDIRECTMerge DataIF FunctionConditional formattingHistogramsRegressionData ValidationData AnalysisCase 4: Data Analyst Excel Skills:Data analysts always play with the data in order to fetch the highly important information related to the business that can be used to make better and right business decisions. Their main role is to evaluate the business risk, get the data and finding out what’s harmful to your business.MacrosPivot TablesCross Reference TableLOOKUP FunctionsFlat data tablesData filtersAdvanced ChartsData InterpretationGraphics DataNumber SeriesWorksheetOperatorsCase 5: Auditor Excel SkillsAn Auditor is responsible for planning & performing audits, examining the financial records. He ensures that the records are bug-free and the timely payment of taxes. For this reasons, they need to analyze the financial reports, create documentation of audit tests, audit work-papers, etc.Internal Audit of InventoriesInternal AuditingBalance Sheet AuditWorksheetChartsOperatorsFunctionsConditional formattingPivot TablesMacrosVLOOKUP, HLOOKUPI hope now you would be satisfied with my answer if you want to learn more about Excel and spreadsheet please follow and subscribe us on YouTube channel name is COMTUTOR.