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The other answers are forgetting one thing: the United States Board on Geographic Names.The Board was founded in 1890 to standardize US place names. Before that, names were pretty much whatever the locals wanted to call a place. But with the expansion of things like postal service and transportation, it was necessary to resolve contradicting names. There were instances when two geographic features in the same state had been given the same name, or the same feature had been given multiple names. Many places had no standard spelling of a name. There were also some local names that were deemed unacceptable. For better or worse, the Board is the reason why you can no longer visit Shit-Britches Creek or Coldass Creek in North Carolina, or Tickle Cunt Branch or Fucking Creek in Virginia. More recently, since the 1960s, the Board has also been changing insulting place names over the past few decades (Racial slurs are woven deep into the American landscape). For example, in 1963, the Board changed the name of a Texas valley with a short intermittent stream from—please excuse the offensive language; I’m just quoting here—Dead Nigger Creek, to Dead Negro Draw (which is arguably not much better). They’re the reason why a short river in Shenandoah National Park went from Nigger Run to Negro Run to Tims River. And so on. . .But the Board also exerted a heavy hand on spelling. As others have pointed out, burh was an Old English word for “fortified place” and later “town,” and it gave rise to a lot of descendants, such as -bury. And plenty of place names in the eastern US do use -bury: Canterbury, Danbury, Woodbury, Salisbury, Southbury, Waterbury, Glastonbury, and Roxbury are all towns in Connecticut. There are plenty of -bury towns in other East Coast states (there’s a Roxbury in Maine, Massachusetts, and Virginia, for example). Some of these names were borrowed straight from England, like Canterbury and Salisbury, but others were coined in place—Roxbury, Massachusetts (now a neighborhood of Boston) was originally “Rocks-bury” because it was a rocky place.Some East Coast states use the related word borough for divisions of local government; Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania all have boroughs, for example, as does New York City. Some towns were also named using borough as an element, such as Brattleborough, Vermont, and Asheborough, Carrborough, and Greensborough in North Carolina. (Hey, Waggoner, that’s not how they’re spelled! I know! Read on. . .)And some East Coast towns used the cognate Scots word burgh, as in Edinburgh. The most famous is Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, but there’s also Newburgh, New York, and the Williamsburgh neighborhood of New York City, and farther to the southwest there’s Spartanburgh, South Carolina, and Vicksburgh, Mississippi and also Vicksburgh in Tennessee. (Whoa, that’s not how they’re spelled either, Waggoner! Look, I’m coming to that. . .)Spelling in the early days of our fair Republic was sometimes downright whimsical, and often it wasn’t standardized at all. For example, I just now searched the New York Times archives for articles on the Battle of Vicksburg in the US Civil War, and both Vicksburg and Vicksburgh appeared in issues written within the same year. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania was written with the -h on the written copy of its official charter, but without the -h on the printed copies, and no one seems to have cared. And the colonial capital of the state of Virginia was variously spelled Williamsburg and Williamsburgh. Here’s an example from the Boston Gazette of June 24, 1776.A town in South Carolina was also alternately Spartanburgh and Spartanburg:Enter the Board on Geographic Names. In 1891, the Board ruled that the -h in -burgh was to be dropped as unnecessary. The standardized spelling would henceforth and forthwith be -burg only. (Report of the United States Board on Geographic Names, p. 22)Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania would have been Pittsburg!But citizens protested, and in 1911 the Board reversed its decision. Pittsburgh would forever bear the -h. (Name of Pittsburgh)Other towns weren’t as willing to Fight The Powers That Be. Hence Newburgh became Newburg (although at some point they got their -h back, I’m not sure when). Williamsburgh became Williamsburg, Spartanburgh became Spartanburg, Vicksburgh was fixed at Vicksburg. Pittsburg, Kansas; Pittsburg, New Hampshire; Edinburg, New York; and Edinburg, Texas would also lose their -h. Some of these burgs are demanding their original -h back (An American Story: Give Me Back My 'H!'), and a few of them have won it back: Petersburgh, New York voted to restore its -h in 1991, after a century as Petersburg; and Alburgh, Vermont got its -h back in 2006 after a majority vote of its citizens, after existing as Alburg between 1891 and 2006. The Board is no longer as heavy-handed as it was in 1891, and now generally defers to local wishes.The Board also ruled against American towns ending in -borough. Hence we now have Brattleboro, Vermont; and Carrboro, Asheboro, and Greensboro, North Carolina.So there you have it. Some of our burgs do reflect German settlement in the US—Hamburg, New York, Strasburg, Pennsylvania, and Brandenburg, Kentucky are examples. But many others result from the Scots word burgh, early Americans’ indifference to spelling, and the Board of Geographic Names’s ruling in 1891.President Benjamin Harrison established the Board on Geographic Names by executive order in 1890. If you’re angry about your town losing its -h. . . blame him.

International Student Opinion here. I know the opinion is not going to affect anyone and nobody is going to care about it. Some Americans will start hurling abuses at my response. But I feel, “Quora” is the only platform that I can at least express my opinion. Freedom of speech is a basic right and I am entitled to express my opinion until I don’t abuse or hurt anyone’s feelings, so those who still want to throw some abuses, please waste your time somewhere else.The world is definitely looking differently towards USA since Trump became president and it will continue to do so for the next, I don’t know how many years whether Trump remains president for life or not.Hypocrisy does not work well especially in American culture. Since the past century the USA has acted only in its self interest, right from world war 1 till the recent Syrian crisis.The USA has been a global leader and has been a founding member of various global treaties, and groups of industrialized countries. Many of the treaties, trade deals, and policies earlier US governments created, majority of the them were largely in benefit of the USA. Now, in the recent years, the equations have changed due to global trade, digitization, globalization and the policies are reaping less benefits to the USA. In my opinion, current government is portraying a faulty propaganda of these policies are hurting American economy to their voters so that they can get votes from their conservative vote-base and remain in the power. In reality, America is still benefiting from the trade policies they have created over the past years, keeping the costs, inflation at record low level and lifting the living standard of their own citizens while lowering the standards of others.Just pay close attention to the increased consumer costs, inflation after the trade tariffs went into effect. First sector affected was construction and other sectors will follow the effects. Sooner or later sometime in the next decade USA is going to loose their spot as a global leader. In fact, in my opinion they have already lost it.The future administration/government is going to have tough task to repair damages done by Trump Administration, if they do not agree with Trump’s policies.So what do I think about USA and current situation in USA? Under Obama, as an international student, I was freely able to interact with people without knowing their political beliefs. In fact, I still have very good relations with my former/current advisers, friends, supervisors most of them who are American Citizens by birth and used to freely discuss about range of issues. I was not scared of anyone judging me because of my color, and where do I come from.Couple of weeks ago I was heckled at a grocery store by some guys. In Kansas, an Indian guy was shot dead by an angry American one year ago. In New York, a Sikh man was killed to death by a man who drove a truck over this Sikh guy multiple times. Multiple hate crimes have been reported in the USA since Trump has come in power and are on the rise. Whether you read it or not, the hate crimes have been increasing. Just read the reported FBI crime statistics. Incidents and Offenses. This is the list of reported ones and there are number of crimes that go unreported.Although I have come to the USA by obtaining legal visa and following all the rules, I am concerned that these hate feelings towards people of color, immigrants/non-immigrants will rise .. because of a crazy, angry person, who does not know what is he angry about. And I just do not want to be a victim of it.As a student working on my PhD. I just want to complete my studies, and find peace anywhere around the world except United States of America. I still respect people of America and cannot generalize everyone here is a racist. However, for me, current situation in the USA does not offer a positive view about the country.In a nutshell, USA is not a place of interest for me anymore, except getting my degree and saying adieu.

Welcome to Quora, home of a community standard of Be Nice, Be Respectful.If you spend a few months in the Transgender topics, you’ll find that the signal to noise ratio is far from ideal. We see people creating throwaway accounts to ask antagonistic questions over and over and over again. I watched one person go through 10+ accounts… the first time I got PMs with threats from people with throwaway accounts it bothered me. Now… unless it feels credible, it’s just become part of life.So, frequently, we see questions that aren’t sincere. Their purpose is to antagonize and to make statements harassing a variety of people (trans people, women, Muslims… the list is long.) When questions are loaded, evidence bias, aren’t compliant with BNBR or Quora’s policy that questions be phrased neutrally, they have a tendency to get reported to moderation.At that point, things enter a black box that I can’t comment on much. Moderation will review the question to see if it violates policy and if it does the question may be deleted and the question asker may or may not be actioned.Some things make it more likely that a question is insincere. Other things make it look less likely. Sometimes questions are sincere but they’re ignorant. Sometimes they’re sincere but because the asker is ignorant they don’t realize that their questions are offensive.This is Quora. Be Nice, Be Respectful. If you can’t do that, Quora isn’t a platform for you.Is calling a question insincere as bad as questioning the legitimacy of trans identities? No, of course not. There’s no body count associated with calling questions insincere. There is a body count associated with people questioning the legitimacy of trans identities.Monica Loera (43 years old)monica-loeraCause of death: gunshotLocation of death: Austin, Texas, USADate of death: January 22nd, 2016Jasmine Sierra (52 years old)jsierraCause of death: beaten to deathLocation of death: Bakersfield, California, USADate of death: January 22nd, 2016Maya Young (25 years old)mayayoungCause of death: stabbingLocation of death: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USADate of death: February 20th, 2016Kendarie/Kandicee Johnson (16 years old)Cause of death: GunshotLocation of death: Burlington, IowaDate of death: March 2nd, 2016Keyonna Blakeney (22 years old)Cause of death: upper body traumaLocation of death: Rockville, Maryland, USADate of death: May 1st, 2016Tyreece “Reecey” Walker (32 years old)Cause of death: multiple stab woundsLocation of death: Wichita, Kansas, USADate of death: May 1st, 2016Mercedes Successful (32 years old)Cause of death: gunshotLocation of death: Haines City, Florida, USADate of death: May 15th, 2016Amos Beede (38 years old)Cause of death: beaten to deathLocation of death: Burlington, VermontDate of death: May 22nd, 2016Devin Diamond (22 years old)Cause of death: blunt force trauma, set on fireLocation of death: New Orleans, LouisianaDate of death: June 5th, 2016Deeniquia Dodds (22 years old)Cause of death: shotLocation of death: Washington D.C., USADate of death: July 4th, 2016Dee Whigham (36 years old)Cause of death: stabbed to deathLocation of death: St. Martin, Mississippi, USADate of death: July 23rd, 2016Erykah Tijerina (36 years old)Cause of death: Stabbed 24 timesLocation of death: El Paso, Texas, USADate of death: August 8th, 2016Rae’lynn Thomas (28 years old)Cause of death: Shot at point blank rangeLocation of death: Columbus, Ohio, USADate of death: August 10th, 2016TT Saffore (26 years old)Cause of death: Throat cutLocation of death: Chicago, Illinois, USADate of death: September 11th, 2016Crystal Edmonds (32 years old)Cause of death: Shot in back of headLocation of death: Baltimore, Maryland, USADate of death: March September 16th, 2015[1]Any more questions? Class dismissed.Footnotes[1] Transgender Day of Remembrance