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Ok, so imagine it like this:George Washington - (1789–1799)VP: Adams (1789–1799)Washington and Adams both realize the US is not strong enough to go to war against Britain or Napoleon. The Jay Treaty still happens in 1794, and when Washington tries to walk a thin line between the two, he does marginally better than Adams did. Tensions reduce a bit, and the impression of sailors is resolved somehow so it is not such a hot button issue. Suddenly, there begin to be murmurings about the horrors that were happening in France, and then the crowning of an Emperor causes a bigger ripple in how America sees their recent ally. So the British don’t seem quite so bad, especially after the statement of George III that he wishes friendship with the US as an independent power. The other major change is that the concept of parties does not take hold quite as strongly and as quickly, because Washington remains above the fray. Congress remains under basically Federalist control. Jefferson and Adams still kind of hate each other, at this point, but Adams and Jay are still in the thick of increasing cooperation with England, and Jefferson gets more and more marginalized.Since the follow ups to the Jay Treaty come at a time when Britain desperately needs alliesare slightly more conciliatory, and Jay brings home another treaty that is slightly more favorable to the US, it gets trumpeted as a rallying point for the folks that see France as a danger, rather than an ally, and further angers France to the point that they start attacking American shipping and America forms even stronger bonds with Britain. Jefferson rails against this in print, but he loses the battle for the public’s approval because he is going against Washington at this point instead of Adams, who did not hold the prestige and gravitas that Washington did. So therefore, the next president is:John Adams - (1799 - 1826)VP: Jay (1799–1825)VP: Calhoun (1825–1828)VP: John Quincy Adams (1828–1829)when Adams becomes president, Jay finishes second because he is the man of the moment. Jefferson skulks off to Virginia, and pops up occasionally, especially after he and Adams patch up their feud through letter writing, and he becomes an elder statesman, contributing where he can. Additionally, Washington’s freeing of his own slaves, combined with the freedom to write what he wants without fear of whether or not it has anything to do with party politics, which he has come to despise, makes Jefferson a popular philosopher on many issues, including slavery. He writes several influential pieces about how it is a horrible institution. This begins to turn the tide even more quickly towards the abolition of slavery.the war of 1812 does not happen, and Andrew Jackson rises no higher than governor of New Orleans. Jay never becomes Chief Justice, but he does propose an amendment codifying the fact that the President and VP are running as a package deal, because some of the divisive rhetoric from the election and its immediate aftermath, when Jeffersonians and states rights advocates nearly led to a civil war caused him to think about what a split leadership would have meant. The Rutledge Supreme Court narrowly fails to defeat it when Jefferson comes out in favor of the amendment in a series of editorial essays that use some of the ideas from the original Federalist papers to show that the country would be irreparably damaged by the divisiveness that would be brought up by this division becoming endemic to our system.The other thing it writes into law is a line of succession that calls for immediate elections after the death of a president, with temporary authority granted to the Vice President as a placeholder only, so there is no leadership vacuum. Jay refuses to run for President, because Rutledge has fallen out of favor and is going to resign from the Supreme Court due to the fact that his positions have not been on the winning side for quite some time, and his replacement as Chief by John Marshall. Jay becomes Chief Justice late in the 1820s, when Marshall becomes too ill, setting a precedent for the Chief Justice position to become fungible rather than a lifetime appointment. Marshall takes the position back for a few years after Jay dies in 1829, just before Adams.In an attempt to placate the restless south, Adams forms an alliance with the southern slaveholders, who have been less and less influential since Jefferson spent years writing about how the agricultural South was at a dead end in the growing industrialization and the economic prosperity that it was bringing. But Calhoun’s intransigence and resistance to progress on that issue and many others made him into an increasingly ineffective and shrill cipher who resigned in furious disgrace. In the frantic search to replace him, owing to the declining health and advanced age of the president, his son John Quincy Adams was appointed as interim VP, after a well reasoned and passionate speech about how he would never seek the office of President because of the danger of creating a hereditary system, which he considered the worst kind of government. The speech would always be remembered for his humorous reference to how with the noticeable exception of himself, sons of capable fathers have just as much chance of being imbeciles as they do geniuses, so as the sins of the fathers should not be visited upon their sons, neither should their successes.Henry Clay - (1829–1852)VP: John Quincy Adams (1829–1848)VP: Salmon P. Chase (1848–1852)After the death of his father, Quincy Adams famously said that he would keep the caretaking position of power until only the last second necessary, and then would hand it over with the greatest relief ever felt by man. This caused Henry Clay, who had been famous for being the architect of several proposals that carried the day in the strategies used to industrialize the south and move the economy from slavery towards a more equal economic basis as the northern states. He was elected in a landslide after the policies he put forth in the House of Representatives started to bear fruit, especially in his home state, where it was hailed as the Kentucky Miracle when they created roads and infrastructure paid for by the government, which led to railroad and highway transportation through Ohio from the Great Lakes, and from there to the ports of Virginia and North and South Carolina.He also gained in popularity by having Adams on the ticket, because Adams again said that he liked to be the VP much more than he ever would being the president, due to his ability to focus on fewer priorities in a less distracted way.During the Clay presidency, the pragmatism and negotiating abilities of both Clay and Adams let to a gradual withering away of slavery, albeit not the prejudice inherent in so many years of its existence. There were periodic attempts at insurrection, as when Texas tried to start a war and absorb the Indian Territories into an alliance meant to pick off the still restive far south as well. Only Louisiana thwarted the alliance, largely because Andrew Jackson, the famously belligerent governor, refused to join any alliance that was to include Native Americans. Additionally, the Mississippi River traffic of goods had risen dramatically after the implementation of steamboats from the north and the ability to transport goods by rail. New Orleans and Baton Rouge were major port cities, and since George Dunbar had received federal assistance in building his ambitious drainage and pumping systems, New Orleans had been able expand to become the major metropolis of the south.By this time, America had become prosperous and had mostly settled into a country with a national bank, a national transportation infrastructure, and a reasonable amount of power devolving to the states on matters that were purely internal to those states. But there was a clear divide between the powers of the government and the powers delegated to the states, most of which had been affirmed by dozens of interlocking Supreme Court precendents.This era became known as the “Era of Good Feelings,” because although there were occasional dust ups and minor issues, on the whole, it was an era of great stability.After the death of Adams, Clay appointed Salmon P. Chase as his VP, largely because of his leadership in the Senate and his championing of the admission of California and Oregon as free states, which was the final nail in the coffin for slavery. Chase was also instrumental in the unification of the national bank and the regulations which allowed it to become able to issue bank notes and create a more stable currency management system.Lincoln - (1852–1873)VP: William Seward (1852–1872)VP: James Garfield (1872–1873)Lincoln’s presidency was marked by several accomplishments. Because of his proclivity for bringing opponents into his close confidence, he appointed Chase as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, which created a minor scandal, as it seemed to some to be a corrupt bargain, but that soon faded as Chase proved able, and also ruled against some of Lincoln’s more extreme suggestions.Lincoln passed the 13th amendment disallowing slavery and codifying the rights of union for workers. Then the 14th, which gave to vote to all citizens of the country. Through Seward’s active involvement, expanded the country by the purchase of Alaska, the admission of the former Indian Territories as two states, the settlement of the Spanish-American war by the purchase of the captured territories and the signature of an economic treaty with Mexico, and the admission of both Quebec and British Columbia (renamed Columbia) as new states after their separation from Britain, and the creation of the commonwealth states of Cuba, and the rest of Canada. The impregnability of the North American continent complete, he also encouraged and sponsored trade relations with and exploration of Africa and South America, and a moral doctrine that influenced other colonizers.Domestically, he made sure that there was political opportunity, education, and upward mobility for the former slaves. He formed the doctrine of American neutrality in war, ensuring that the country was protected by its economic links and its ocean borders.After Seward died, he appointed Garfield as VP because of a conversation he had had with him during his not infrequent trips to observe debate on Capitol Hill, usually in ineffective disguise. He was impressed with Garfield’s pragmatism during the debates over the amendments that had been passed, and his obvious intelligence and moral center.James Garfield - (1873–1880)VP: Chester A. Arthur (1873–1880)Garfield created a first: government support for the development of agricultural technology, inspired by his first glimpse of a mechanical reaper as a child, and the slow adoption of mechanical cotton pickers after their invention in the 1840s. It later evolved into the National Institute of Agricultural Technolgy.He also wanted an educated electorate, mandating a national support of the school systems, with national standards for educational canon and a requirement to encourage literacy for all citizens.He continued to press for civil rights for African Americans and Native Americans, subsidizing the creation of infrastructure and opportunity in the still majority Native American states of Uklahumma and Akansa.He also proposed substantial civil service reform, eventually passed by Congress in 1876, which ended the system of patronage, instead creating a merit-based and aspirationally politically neutral system.His VP Arthur was instrumental in some of these reforms, and was later pilloried for the attempt to allow federal employee unions.Chester A. Arthur (1880–1892)VP: George Henry White - (1880–1886)VP: Grover Cleveland - (1886–1892)Arthur’s presidency was fraught with division, as the New Democrats tried to become a viable third party. Even in a climate of rising party factionalism, it was tough to see what the chances were. Arthur had expanded unionization to the federal government, and was abandoned by many in his own party because of it. The Republican party had shifted during the Gilded age to embrace the idea that capital should define power, and Arthur argued for the wealth to be spread out, thereby allowing the common man to increase their buying power. But as happened with his proposal for a national pension system, in which portions of a retirement cushion be paid from excise taxes on goods shipped over state lines, this idea was anathema to his own party.He also campaigned with George Henry White, who became the first African American VP. White tirelessly advocated for a social safety net, because although many of the nation’s poor were African American, there was a growing understanding that the moneyed classes and the industrial leadership of the country was not going to put up with dilution of their power without fighting back.This was shown by the fact that he was shot and killed by Henry Clay Frick during a meeting to discuss the union busting policies of US Steel. Frick was hanged for the offense, but not until what was termed the “Trial of the Century” ended up laying bare the racism and classism of the moneyed class, and how they thought of their workers as pawns to be used at will for any purpose necessary for several months in the spring and summer of 1887. Frick himself said that “US Steel needs me, and America needs US Steel. Otherwise it faces utter ruin.” Notably absent from the proceedings, refusing to testify as a character witness for Frick, was Andrew Carnegie, who was conveniently visiting Scotland for a year.For the rest of the Arthur presidency, his VP was Grover Cleveland, who was chosen to placate the business community and who was content to make no major changes to policy. This became even more obvious after Arthur suffered an aortic aneurysm, followed by a series of small strokes that incapacitated him. In private, the government fell into Cleveland’s hands, but in public, Arthur was well enough to keep his condition secret until his death four years later. It is thought that he had a few moments of control over what the administration tried to do, as when his participation in the negotiations for the annexation of Hawaii were nearly successful, but in general historians agree that he would not have gotten much done even if he were completely healthy.Benjamin Harrison (1892–1907)VP: Booker T. Washington (1892–1907)Harrison prevailed over Cleveland in the election, which was called “The choice without a choice” in the Hearst papers, which had been agitating for war with Mexico ever since it had withdrawn from its economic agreements with the US when it had been taken over by France and a puppet government installed in 1868.Harrison resisted as long as possible, preserving the status quo, rather than lose valuable business to France, whose companies were very amicable, if their government wasn’t. He concentrated on pacifying the last resistance to the rights reforms he had proposed, including universal suffrage for adult citizens. There has been debate over his motivations for this enterprise, but his VP, Booker T. Washington, was a tireless campaigner for the rights of all. He criss-crossed the country saying that “God created us all equal, and as has been shown by the prosperity and success by which this nation has thrown off the shackles of slavery and ignorance, this decision was obviously correct in that particular.” Not everyone agreed with him, however, as shown by the fact that a 1906 plot to assassinate him during a stop in Texas that later implicated several members of the congressional opposition in the planning and funding was foiled by the VP himself, who had overpowered the gunman and threw him off the stage as his shot went awry. Washington then pointed the gun at the would-be assassin as he lay on the ground with a broken ankle and calmly asked if someone would summon the police. He later said that this was one of the main reasons that he never considered running for president, both because of the constant harangue with Congress, and also the dreary nature of the job.Meanwhile, Harrison was content to remain out of the spotlight and work only on foreign economic policy issues and insider arm-twisting to influence the South and West to calm their issues with the increased freedoms he proposed. He was largely successful, with the passage of the fifteenth amendment granting universal suffrage.During the Harrison administration, there was also a movement to regulate and limit monopolies and trusts, but he let it languish unheeded.Theodore Roosevelt (1907–1924)VP: William Howard Taft - (1907–1919)VP: Charles G. Dawes - (1919–1924)The Roosevelt administration was one of the most consequential in history. From his Trust Busting, which led to the breakup of many cartels and conglomerates, to his establishment of national parks, and the quick and successful prosecution of the war with Mexico, he was a blustery president, but he was also able to use diplomacy to his advantage.He won the Nobel Peace Prize for his negotiation of peace between the Russians and Japanese, and his negotiations during the Versailles Peace Conference led directly to the United Federation of Nations, and the strong US presence in this assembly. When Congress balked at joining initially, his personal intervention led to the narrow passage of the treaty. The speech he gave regarding German reparations carried the day, and popularized the phrase “reparations, not revenge.” This later led to the committee to prevent war in the Federation assembly, which changed the way governments looked at war and what the costs would be; and the committee for the resolution of dispute became a model of equality, with no members allowed to veto unless the vote would be unanimous in the reduced group of countries involved.While Taft was largely a public relations boost to the administration, because the president always seemed to be visible in every issue, Taft was the insider who greased the wheels of congress while remaining largely unsung for his efforts. However, when Roosevelt appointed him Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, he showed that he had strong opinions, and a definite wisdom.Charles Dawes was another type of VP altogether, being active and somewhat combative with adversaries, standing up to Rockefeller and Morgan and the trusts, forcing through the legal definitions of monopoly and the amendment striking down corporate personhood and defining the role of a corporation as its initial definition in its charter, which had to be approved by the authorities before it would receive protected status. The officers of the corporation were liable for its actions, and its purpose was defined as its mission to benefit society.Charles G. Dawes (1921–1953)VP: Herbert Hoover - (1921–1926)VP: Franklin Delano Roosevelt - (1926–1948)VP: Dwight D. Eisenhower - (1948–1953)Elected on a massive popular mandate because of his work in reining in corporations, Dawes went further, and eventually ensured that the corporation was part of the larger economy and had responsibility to that economy, but the purpose of the corporation was to benefit society, rather than just a narrow slice of investors. He also revamped the way revenue was collected by the government, instituting a permanent income and business tax, and removing more regressive taxes. It was his intervention in the stock market that caused his first VP Herbert Hoover to resign, but his wisdom was proven by the leadership of the US in the recovery from the Great Downturn of the 1930s, which was much milder in the US due to the strong rules over the trading of stocks. America’s economic power was enhanced, and the position of the country strengthened.Roosevelt was the actual mastermind behind bringing the country fully into the advantages of the new century, and as has been said, “if Dawes was the brain, Roosevelt was the heart.” Crippled by polio before taking office, he made it his aim to create a robust safety net to ensure that Americans were relieved of worry about survival, and his work was one of the inspirations for Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, because his radio speeches galvanized the country with stirring phrases like “no longer will Americans have to worry about whether to put clothes on their backs instead of food in their bellies, to educate their children so they will gain the ability for a better life, or require them to toil instead and move daily ever closer to losing it forever,” and “the promise of clean water, and bright electric light, and roads that allow for the unencumbered progress of commerce are the responsibility of the nation to all of its citizens. And I assure you, this responsibility will not be shirked.” When Roosevelt died, the nation turned out in droves to view him lying in state, and his funeral was one of the first live television programs broadcast coast to coast.In contrast, Eisenhower was an able administrator, and would shepherd the changes that Roosevelt and Dawes proposed to their fulfillment, notably increasing the scope of some initiatives like the national highway system. But he was not a confrontational person, and this caused his loss to Nixon in the election because his mild exterior seemed to not be powerful enough for the times.Richard Nixon (1953–1955)VP: Joseph McCarthy (1953–1955)The less said about Nixon, the better. From the scandals originating in his campaign that eventually brought him down in disgrace, to his selection of Joseph McCarthy as his running mate, this administration was a cavalcade of bad decisions from start to finish. With McCarthy’s morphine addiction and shady financial ties, and all of his “documentation” of possible Communist subversion being revealed to be false, it led to several improvements to the electoral process, including laws requiring financial disclosures of both personal and campaign finance, and a strengthening of the fairness doctrine for news. Nixon himself resigned in what seemed to be a quid-pro-quo for the dropping of charges related to slush fund allegations and multiple quasi-legal dirty tricks perpetrated against the Eisenhower campaign, some of which landed underlings of the campaign in jail.Estes Kefauver (1955–1960)VP: Edmund G. “Pat” BrownKefauver is considered to have won because his concern was law and order, and the regulation of powerful interests, which stood in stark contrast to the previous administration. The fact that he did not have specific plans on how to deal with those issues did not come up, and although there was progress made he was largely ineffectual, partially because of his somewhat undiplomatic nature. There were not very many accomplishments that were completed during his presidency. He died suddenly, after suffering a heart attack during a press conference, and a massive aneurysm on the way to Bethesda.His VP, Pat Brown, the popular former governor of California, was focused strongly on spreading the prison reforms that he had piloted in his state, and which Johnson continued to push in his administration. He did play a major role in the Federation peace negotiations between North and South Korea, and although the result was mixed, both sides had something to hang on to as justification for their signing the treaty.Lyndon B. Johnson (1960–1975)VP: Robert Kennedy (1960 - 1968)VP: Hubert Humphrey (1968–1975)Johnson is also considered a very consequential president, because all of the social safety net changes that occurred during his administration, and the successful handover of the conflict in Vietnam, in which an agreement was concluded for power sharing in the country. As we all remember, he instituted national health, a minimum retirement income, education and poverty reduction programs, and a reduction in the release of harmful chemicals to the environment. The space program, originally started in response to the USSR’s satellite launches, became more about scientific discovery after it became obvious that they were not going to get to the moon before us, so in a major televised announcement, he redirected the focus to setting up a permanent habitation on the moon. Along with this, he reached out to the other countries that were involved in their own programs, and invited them to join the process. Although this did not happen, except with token exceptions during his time in office, it definitely had an ongoing effect on the moonbase project as it stands today.His first VP, Robert Kennedy, was very active in the anti-poverty programs, to the extent that after he pushed through most of the projects he had been working on, and Johnson requested he work on the space program, it was the final straw on the back of the camel of their already frosty relationship. He announced that he would be resigning to run for the senate in New York the following year, and that his last focus would be on the peace process in Vietnam. It was there, in June of 1968 that he was killed in a helicopter crash. To this day, there are multiple theories discounting the official case of mechanical failure, from the somewhat plausible to the completely improbable, but it seems that there will never be a complete certainty among the conspiracy minded that it was in fact a tragic accident.Hubert Humphrey was a tried and true insider who was appointed VP because he knew Congress and was a known quantity in a time of uncertainty. He was diplomatic where Johnson was overbearing, and they complemented each other well, especially during the state visits to China and Russia to open talks on peaceful cohabitation of space, and nuclear arms reduction.Ted Kennedy (1975–2009)VP: George McGovern (1975–1982)VP: Geraldine Ferraro (1982–1998)VP: Chuck Schumer (1998–2009)Ted Kennedy had the longest administration of any American president. This allowed him to put forth many ideas for the improvement of the country. He was responsible for the completion of all of the big plans of Johnson, but also personally made the case for the world court and the programs to create real economic benefit from the moon base. The boom in science in the schools and a national emphasis on arts and culture, and the establishment of the first programs for education that take into account the differing paths and skills of each student, and tailors education for the student rather than a need for “accountability” to standards decided for all by government update. He also pushed through the Equal Rights Amendment, by first mandating most of its provisions by executive order, and then codifying them into the amendment as a fait accompli.He used McGovern as an able deputy, and as the person who could say the things that he could not be seen to say, McGovern was a constant barometer of the real temperature of the administration. He was also a sounding board for events such as the choice by Kennedy to speak directly to the leaders of the protesters who were agitating for increased civil rights in the famous set of televised debates and town halls that created the national advisory councils. After McGovern decided to become the Governor Secretary of the Federation of Nations at Kennedy’s urging, Kennedy took what may have turned out to be the most influential step of his presidency, by choosing Geraldine Ferraro as the first female VP.Ferraro was a staunch advocate for women, and also for further integration of world affairs in the Federation. In one of the first challenges to Federation authority, Ferraro came out against the immediate ratification of the world currency initiative, because she felt it had not been fleshed out fully. The issue deserved further study, she felt, because the poorer countries were not getting full value for their adoption of the currency in the proposed plan. She uttered the famous assertion in front of the General Conclave meeting about the subject, that we might be more well off figuring out how to grow past the use of money entirely, if we are going to use it to lock the treasure chest rather than to distribute the treasure. This led to the study of the idea that will eventually lead to the first world vote on an issue.After Ferraro died from multiple myeloma, Chuck Schumer held basically the same course as she did, but he went back to the role of Kennedy’s bulldog, especially towards the end of Kennedy’s life, as his brain tumor began to impair his performance. He was not popular enough to be elected president, though, losing badly to both Barack Obama and Sheryl Sandberg.Barack Obama (2009-Present)VP: Joe Biden (2009-Present)Everyone knows that they have done so far.