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About how GATE is different from JEE: In JEE, you need to be a hard nut to crack the exam. You need to know how to solve a particular type of question (that is, if you are not intuitive enough to find the solution on your own, and that is what is taught at all the coaching centres). In GATE, you need to have an in-depth knowledge about your specific field. The syllabus is vast and you cannot help but study.Here are some books that I used while preparing for GATE 2012.Algorithms: Introduction to Algorithms by Rivest, Cormen, Stein, Leiserson, generally known as clrs. There is no beating this book. It is like the bible for a CS engineer.Operating System: "Operating System Principles" by Galvin. I liked the book. Read semaphores well and solve a lot of problems. There are a couple of other books by Tanenbaum and Stallings which could be useful for certain topics.Theory of Computation: "Theory of Computation" by Ullman. The book is very hard on your eyes with so many weird symbols involved, but if you concentrate well, you would get every point of it. Another one is "Introduction to the Theory of Computation" by Michael Sipser. This I fiound more helpful for interviews.Computer Networks: "Computer Networking: A top-down approach" by Kurose-Ross and "Computer Networks" by Tanenbaum, There have been questions in the past directly from Tanenbaum. But Kurose-Ross is what I preferred. There are other books by William Stallings and Behrouz Forouzan which could be useful for certain topics. Forouzan is relatively easy but i don't advice you to read as the main book for preparation.Computer Organisation: "Computer Organisation" by Carl Hamacher. The problem with this subject is that professors in IITs prefer Patterson, but the syllabus for GATE is more in accordance with Hamacher.Programming and Data Structures: Have a good hold on basic programming in C. Coremen is good enough for data structures.Graph Theory: "Graph Theory with Applications to Engineering and Computer Science" by Narsingh Deo. I personally did not refer to it for GATE exams but read it for semesters. It is a good experience.Database Systems: "Database System Concepts" by KorthCompiler Design: "Principles of Compiler Design" by Aho and Ullman. Read parsing well and also Syntax Directed Translation(SDT) well. .Digital Logic: "Digital Logic and Design" by Morris Mano.Software Engineering: "Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach" by Pressman. Need not read the whole book but a few important concepts like Cyclomatic Complexity, Coupling and Cohesion, etc. You can also check Older edition which is available in chip price online.Web Technologies: Have an idea about basic HTML, XML, etc.Must Have Books :GATE Guide Computer Science & Information Technology EngineeringGATE-2017: Computer Science/IT Solved Papers BookGate Papers Computer Science & IT 2016 Solved Papers 20years: Chapter Wise BookA Handbook for Computer Science /IT Engineering Book

This is my personal experience and embarrassing moments of asking others for even basic items, which is why I am writing this. Hope this helps ppl who are new to adulting world like me and are trying to be 'independent'. When going out each day, may it be for office or trip or a day long outing, whatever, carry these things with you.A small tiffin consisting of fruits or raw veggies like carrot/cucumber etc. At any point of day, when hunger pangs hit you and you can't locate a proper restaurant, eat this instead of eating junk food, till you find a good place. You will avoid piling up a little weight everyday. (We know how easy it is to gain weight and how hard to lose.)A water bottle. Avoid purchasing water or drinking soda/ any other drink. Refill this bottle at your office or any other good location.Sunglasses and sun screen. You never know when you suddenly require especially in Indian climate.A spare hanky/ small towel. Better than using tissues everywhere you go.An umbrella. Great in sun as well as rain. Indian climate requires this.A PEN! Yes. It is right. Many a times, when we visit an office or a residential building, we have to write our name and sign it and it is embarrassing not to have a pen.A mobile charger/ power bank. You never know when you may require it.Spare make up like kajal, lipstick, deo and compact, if you are very concerned about self grooming.A small handbook.Keeping these items in addition to money purse will help you lot more than you think. You will avoid scenario of asking every other person for help. Happy adulting guys! Little things like these will help in long run.

Let’s start our answer by looking at this image :This building shown is a model of the great Stupa of Kanishka [1] from 2nd century CE (found in Swat).Rebuilt in the 4th century CE, the stupa's symmetrically cross-shaped plinth measured 175 feet (53 m), almost the same size as Taj Mahal at 56 m square.So in 2nd century CE, Kanishka could make a Buddhist Stupa with a big round dome and 4 pillars around.Now look at this image:In the center we can see a Shivalinga. The year of construction was 1683. In the last section we will describe this image.Now we can move further.Please read the complete writing before discarding. I have tried to be as much authentic as possible. (I do believe that Mr. P N Oak’s few other writings sometime seem to be too far fetched and might appear ridiculous. Nevertheless we should keep our mind open and analyse some facts. By the way, P N Oak’s claim about Fatehpur Sikri stands validated today. See last section.)[Readers, long before Oak, one English colonel had to assert that “Taj is not a temple but a tomb.” and how he came across a fabricated persian Manuscripts regarding measurement of the Taj. See the later part of this answer].We will discuss only Contemporary travelers who were at the Taj during the period of its supposed construction between 1632–1653. Accounts later than this period should not hold much credence including architect name etc.As mentioned in Badshahnama and Kapad dwara collection of Jaipur rulers, It is a 100 percent fact [2][3]that Raja Jai Singh Grand Mansion (“Ali Manzil” and “Imarate Aalishan“ as per Badshahnama and not some “Haveli”) was acquired to build Taj.In Links number 2 & 3, Left Historians accept and argue that Shahjahan bought (?) Jai SIngh’s mansion in exchange of Land. Was the deal innocuous? We will discuss it later.(This mansion was the ancestral property of Jai Singh from his Grandfather Raja Man Singh, Akbar’s General.)Readers please note that this fact has not been mentioned by any European traveler and historians earlier. WHY? Were Britishers aware of this fact or they hid it or nobody dared to challenge the accepted line of history.Now, The “Historians” have moved from acquisition of Jaisingh’s Garden to Jaisingh’s “Haveli” to build the Taj. Even one of answer in Quora has used the term “Haveli” to prove his point. But in this age of Image to Text converters, Text to Speech translation and Language translation everything becomes clear.We will see that “Ali Manzil” was acquired to build the Taj and not some “ordinary Haveli”.(The difference between an “Ali Manzil” (Excelllent home) and Haveli should be clearly understood. Haveli can be ordinary too.)We all know that Badshanama is Shahjahan’s own chronicle written in Persian. And the text has never been fully translated.Let’s directly jump to Badshahnama Vol 1 Page 403 (۴۰۳) [4] :Badshahnamah Persian Volume 1 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet ArchiveTry to open image with Google docs:بود مصحوب بال شاهزاده نامدار محمد شاه شجاع بهادر و وزیر خانومتي النساء خانم که بمزاج شناسی و کارداني بدرجه اولی پیشدحني و وکالت آن مالكه جهان ملكه جهانیان رسیده بود روانهدار الخانة اكبر آباد نمودند . و حكم شد که هر روز در راه آش بسیارو دراهم و دنانير بی شمار بفقرا و نیازمندان بدهند . و زمینی درنہایت رفعت ونزاهت که جنوب رویه آن مهر جامع امت . وپیش ازین منزل راجه مانسنگه بود . و دربنوقت براجة جيسنگهنبیرا اور تعلق داشت . برای مدفن آن بهشت موطن برگزیدند .اگرچه راجهة جيسنگ، حصول این دولت را فوز عظیم دانست . (مااز روي احتیاط که در جمیع شیون خصوصا امور دینیه ناگزیر است .در عوض آن عالي منزلی از خالصه شريفه بار مرحمت فرمودندبعد از رسیدن نعش بأن شهر کرامت بهر پانزدهم جمادي الثانيهسال آینده پیکر نورانی آن آسماني جوهر بخاک پاک سپرده آمدو متصدیان دار الخانه بحكم معلی معجالة الوقت تربت فلكمرتبتآن جهان عفت را از نظر پوشیدند - و عمارتی عالیشان و گنبدیرفيع بنیان - که تا رستخیز در بلندي يادار همت گردون رفعتحضرت صاحبقران ثاني باشد . و در استواري نمودار استقامتعزايم باني - طرح افگندند - و مهندمان دور بین و معماران صنعتآفرین چهل لک روپيه اخراجات این عمارت براورد نمودند .(The above script is read and written from right to left)Translation by Google from Persian to English: (Though we know that google translation is not perfect ).“He was the co-author of the famous Prince Mohammad Shah Shoja Bahador and Wazir KhanAnd Ms. Al-Nisa ', who is well-versed and knowledgeable about the formerDahni and her lawyer, the queen of the world, had arrivedThey built Akbar Abad House. And it was decided that every day on the way to Ash a lotAnd give innumerable dirhams and dinars to the needy. And ground inThe ultimate goal of prosperity and loneliness, the south of which is the comprehensive seal of the nation. AndIt used to be the house of Raja Mannsanga. And in time, JissingNabira Our belonged. They chose a paradise for their homeland.However, Jijing's view was that the government was a great victory. (WeAs a precaution, it is necessary in all cases, especially religious matters.Instead, the Supreme House of Mercy expressed mercyAfter the arrival of the coffin in the city of Keramat, on the 15th of Jamadi al-ThaniyahNext year, the luminous body of that celestial body was laid to restAnd those who are in charge of the house, in spite of the fact that they are in a hurryThey looked at that world of chastity - and their great mansion and domeRafie Bonyan - who, until his resurrection, remembers the efforts of Rafat in the height of remembranceHazrat Sahib Qaran is second. And in the stability of the endurance chartI mourn Bani - the planner - and the far-sighted engineers and architects of the industryAfarin Chehel Lak Rupieh estimated the evictions of this mansion.”Note: Here Badshanama says that Raja Jai Singh gave the magnificent mansion on his own will.Now we combine line nos 4 & 5 from last of Badshahnama on page 403آن جهان عفت را از نظر پوشیدند - و عمارتی عالیشان و گنبدی رفيع بنیان - که تا رستخیز در بلندي يادار همت گردون رفعتGoogle Translation: They looked at that world of chastity - and their magnificent mansion and the lofty dome of the foundation - which, until the resurrection, at a height reminiscent of Rafat's efforts.The line number 11 from start contains the words:عالي منزلیTranslation “Excellent Home”Now we use Persian eSpeak and listen to the persian words in line no 11 fromstart ,It is spoken as “Ali Manzil”.در عوض آن **عالي منزلی** از خالصه شريفه بار مرحمت فرمودندTranslation: Instead, they praised the excellent house for its noble characterThe line number 13 contains:سال آیندهIt translates to Coming year.Now let’s see word by word from line no 4 and 5 from last.و عمارتی عالیشان و گنبدی رفيع بنیانوAndعمارتی Mansion(Emaratie)عالیشان Excellent(Aalishan)و Andگنبدی Dome(Gumbad)رفيع Rafiبنیان Foundation(Boniyan)“Rafi” means "to lift, to raise (something high)”Now we use Persian eSpeak and listen to the persian words in line no 5 from last , how they are spoken.عمارتی عالیشانIt is spoken as “Emarati Alishan”گنبدیIt is spoken as “Gumbad”Bing Microsoft Translator :عمارتی Emaratiعالیشان AlishanQuestion: So How the Histrorians are using “Haveli or mansion”?Answer: Even with the Google translation Emarati Alishan becomes a magnificent mansion in English and उत्कृष्ट हवेली (Utkrisht Haveli) in Hindi.So very Next year the Body was hidden under “Emarati Alishan” with a Dome. How is it possible?Can we say that Next year Queen was laid to rest in a “Emarati Alishan” whose dome was raised from foundation ?Mr P N Oak, got it translated from a Kashmiri man from an archive. After P N Oak’s expose, a book “Taj Mahal the Illumined Tomb” in 1989 by Begley and Desai accepted that Jai Singh’s building was acquired to build the Taj. Now let’s see what Mr Oak book says! [5]We need to read “Next year (from the year when the building was acquired), the body was hid in a “Imarat-E-Alishan” , majestic with dome”.So Imarat-E-Alishan, the Jaisingh’s building, already had a dome (probably in some other form ).I suppose this alone text, is sufficient to possibly indicate that Tajmahal should have preexisted or in some different form .Note: A 2009 research paper by IIT Kanpur [6] established that India’s traditional measurement unit “Angulam” (as mentioned in Arthashahtra) was executed for Taj mahal complex planning .Let’s ignore Badshahnama !!!Now there are three possibilities :(1)Whether the mansion was completely demolished to build Taj?(2)Whether the Taj was built over the mansion?(3)Whether Taj as presented is work of some modification ?We will discuss these possibilities slightly later in the answer. We would not discuss personal life of Shahjahan or other things which are already known to users. We would also discuss whether it could have been some temple.The other’s accounts are full of half facts (no complete fact to arrive at definitive conclusion) and their detailed scrutinization presents some different picture.Let’s talk about the Great dome first !Do we have any OFFICIAL account of any interesting aspect of main dome of the Taj ?Yes we have at least one accidental one of the dome. Here it is !! (Other accidental ones regarding other parts of the Taj are described in the links at the end.)A strange discovery was made in 1946 during repairing work of the outer shell of the main dome by Archaeological Survey of India(ASI). [Ancient India, 1946, p 7 [7]]ASI stripped off plaster from inside the drum (Cylindrical base of the main dome) and found 8 continuous relieving arches.However, here ASI says that these eight hidden arches add to the strength of the structure. 8 arches in the solid drum were created to filled up again and then plastered over to add to strength ?We can see that each of 4 Chhatri shape kiosks around main dome, too has 8 arches.Following is the Taj cross section from James Fergusson book published in 1855 [8]page 437. This cross section is either from east or west direction from Taj. The Taj has double dome. Interesting thing is that the inside dome almost looks in the shape of 4 Chhatris around main dome. Also readers can see cross section of rooms at the right bottom. Also the image shows the real grave chamber is much above the river bank level. One can see two floors below main marble platform from river side.When Badhshanama says that high dome was raised, does that mean the already existing was covered with another higher one of different form ? Can’t be certain.Please note down the SKY color underline about Aurangzeb's letter in the same page. We will discuss it later.A very strong argument given in favor of Tajmahal being a Mughal architecture is that its Archs and Domes gives it more resemblance to Islamic architecture. There are buildings like Humayun tomb built before the Taj. But almost all forts and palaces in Rajasthan built by Rajput rulers, have same Archs, Chhatris and some of them have domes. Besides it, the Taj itself has some elements of Indian Architecture.Let’s first look at Gaitore Ki Chhatriyan, by Jaipur rulers (8 arches each in main and surrounding 4 chhatris)Now Photos from Amber Fort of Jaipur and other places. (The fort was first constructed before Mughals even entered into India and Tajmahal was constructed.[9])The Dome shaped Chhatris of Amber FortInside Amber FortSheesh Mahal Amber FortDomes on one of structure in the Ranthambore fort premise built by Rajput RulersGaib Sagar Lake, Dungarpur, RajasthanJag Mandir Udaipur, RajasthanOne of Walled City gate in Jaipur, established by Jai Singh Second.(The Govind deo temple had 7 stories. Upper Five were destroyed by Aurangzeb. Does Govind deo temple look like Hindu temple made by Raja Man Singh?[10])Kusum Sarovar in nearby Vrindavan constructed by Bharatpur Jat RulersThe Tajmahal(Also both image has the pietra dura work)There are many instances where pre existing Hindu temples were changed into Mosques by destroying temples' top and adding domes and other elements like Quwwat ul islam mosque in Qutub minar complex, Gyanwapi Mosque at Kashi Vishwanath, Atala devi mosque in Jaunpur, Ahmed shah mosque in Ahmedabad, Adhai din ka jhopda in Ajmer and many many others which can still be seen today.Now coming to three possibilities as described above:(1)If the entire building had to be demolished so the location must have been the sole reason to acquire that Grand mansion. Moreover, as per Badshanama Jai singh was given government land in exchange for the same. So Tajmahal was built from scratch with massive foundation laid on active river bed. But what was the need of only this piece of land? Shahjahan, being an emperor, had so much land on the river bank nearby the present location. This seems to be least probable possibility. There is no record of demolition of the mansion anywhere. In fact no contemporary record of that time and no eye witness mention about any massive foundation or mechanism.(2)Let’s say the Present Taj was built over the mansion. Moreover there are three underground floors beneath the main marble structure of Taj, with number of decorated rooms locked and sealed along with presence of Music houses (Naubatkhana ) and large well (Baoli) in Taj Mahal premise. But is it possible to build huge marble structure of four floors just right above an existing mansion without massively changing and disturbing the foundation of mansion that too on a land just adjacent to a river? This possibility seems lesser probable.(3)As pointed by P N Oak in his book , there might have been some work done on the Tajmahal by Shahjahan and it is now completely identified with him.Now what was the need of two sets of Real and Fake graves of Mumtaj and Shahjahan in Tajmahal building [11] ? There is no explanation for this. In fact the ones we call real graves, are not on ground but two more floor lie beneath them, which can be seen from river side even today. But we can’t see those two floors from front. How is it possible?While carrying out some repairs, Archaeological Survey of India discovered a set of fountains 3 ft below the existing ones. See Times of India 25 June 1973. Peter mundy talks about leveling of hills in front of Taj (See green underline in the next image).Radiocarbon dating of one of wooden doors of Tajmahal (now replaced by bricked wall after the expose) by Professor Marvin H. Mills. Pratt Institute, New York, gave possible date of 13th century for the door. So how could a tree be cut in 13th century and later be used as door in 16th century?LET’s TRY TO GO THROUGH THE DEAL (an example) and Scrutinize Travelers:Peter Mundy, during his visit to agra in 1631–1632 [12], saw extensive use of gold and silver and Marble stone in Taj Mahal. One of famous gold article was gem stud solid gold railings weighing around 400 Kg around Mumtaz’s tomb in 1632 itself when The taj construction just began as per theories. The railings were in place for ten years, and after 10 years they was removed out of fear of theft and replaced with Marble screen.Peter Mundy says “marble” being used as “ordinarie stones”?How come the things like, Gold, Silver and Marble stone which should have been used at the time of finishing, started appearing in 1632? For a building like Taj, laying massive foundation and then brickwork should have taken many years before the stage of finishing. Peter mundy, instead of mentioning base work of the building directly came to finishing aspect. And why Marble became ordinary stone as the entire construction of the Taj is of bricks. It is only the lining that is of marble and red sandstone. Which had been used in finishing in the Taj. (Yes only the Mumtaj’s tomb required gemstones to decorate the same in 1633.)Mundy says there was already a ralie of Gold about the tomb. So a very heavy Gem stud solid gold railing of Six lakhs rupees of worth that time was already around the tomb.Mundy talks that Merchants, shopkeeper etc. begin to repair streets, shops and dwellings of the area which began to be called as Taj Ganj. We know that “Repairing” happens for existing things.Let’s not speculate about Queen’s name and trust Niccolao Manucci’s account who was in India from 1653 to 1708 and described that Other Queen’s name were suffixed with “mahal”.Another important aspect about Peter mundy’s account was that he was in Agra at the time of Mumtaz-Mahal’s death.He makes no mention of news about beloved queen’s death or even some public mourning. Ok let’s leave this.Now what Peter mundy says about Tajmahal:“(In Agra) places of noate..are the Castle, King Ecbars [Akbar’s] Tombe, Tage Moholls Tombe, Gardens and Bazare”So how come a building, whose construction has just begun (assuming laying of foundations), would be place of note of Agra along with Agra fort and Akbar’s tomb? He also says that Taj gardens and Bazare are place of note.So the market which is right next to Taj was set up but others were pre-existing.Mundy said that hills had to be leveled as not to hinder the prospect. It means, as the Haveli/Mansion was some private building and hills were leveled and became place of note for public.Another traveler was Fray Sebastian Manrique, a Portuguese missionary who was in Agra for four weeks in Dec-Jan 1640-1641. His eye-witness account (one of the rare ones that actually mentions the construction) talks about “..a vast, lofty, circular structure” inside “a huge square-shaped enclosure”. [13][14]How many people do you think he found working on the site?“On this building, as well as other works, a thousand men were usually engaged”.Read that again. “A thousand men”.The figure is odd not just because of the wide divergence from the number cited by another traveler Tavernier but also because of what these men were doing, namely, “.. many were occupied in laying out ingenious gardens, others planting shady groves and ornamental avenues; while the rest were making roads and those receptacles for crystal water, without which their labour could not be carried out”Strangely, no mention of masons. Or bricklayers, or stone cutters or the thousands supposedly working on the actual building. This even as the building was “..still incomplete, the greater part of it remaining to be done”Few People says that only land, that belonged to Raja Man singh was acquired. But that land had a house on it. How? Here it is .There is a book Jehangir’s India by W H Moreland, published in 1925 [15]. It is actually a translation of a Dutch trading officer’s account of the times. His name was Pelsaert. He was in Agra till the end of 1627.In his description of Agra, Pelsaert wrote, “The breadth of the city is by no means so great as the length, because everyone has tried to be close to the river bank, and consequently the water-front is occupied by the costly palaces of all the famous lords, which make it appear very gay and magnificent…I will record the chief of these palaces in order.After passing the Fort, there is the Nakhas, a great market, where in the morning horses, camels, oxen, tents, cotton goods, and many other things are sold. Beyond it lie the houses of some great lords, such as Mirza Abdulla, son of Khan Azam (3000 horse); Aga Nur, provost of the King’s army (3000 horse); Jahan Khan (2000 horse); Mirza Khurram son of Khan Azam (2000 horse); Mahabat Khan (8000 horse); Khan Alam (5000 horse); Raja Bet Singh 1 (3000 horse); the late Raja Man Singh (5000 horse); Raja Madho Singh (2000 horse).(Later many of these buildings turned into ruins and Britishers demolished them.)The topography of the mogul empire is a 1631 collection which includes one Jaonnes De Laet, another Dutch officer who was in Agra till 1628 during Shahjahan’s reign. He also talks about Raja Mansingh Palace[16]. (He says palaces not mansions.)Let’s be doubly sure whether Raja mansigh’s PALACE existed on river side and opening towards river. The same De Laet describe this [17]page 171 (The Empire of the Great Mogols - by De Laet Joanne, 1631. Translated by J S. Hoyland)James B. Tavernier [18]:Tavernier’s account is mostly used as a base argument to frame Taj history.Tavernier came to his visit in Agra in 1640 and later in 1660s.(1)He says that Shajahan made the tomb near the “TasiMacan” as lots of foreigner came there.(2)He WITNESSED commencement and accomplishment of the building.He was in Agra in 1640 while Taj work started in 1632 with all other accounts. He saw finishing of tajmahal after 1662 (twenty two year of construction). So how in 1640, he saw commencement of work ?(3)He says that cost of scaffoldings alone cost more than entire work.How come in any building scaffoldings cost is higher than building constructions? This is never ever possible for any kind of building. Only in case of repair, modification or minor work it can be true.(4)He says that Shajahan was planning to construct his own tomb across river.This Black Taj (which historians propagated later) myth has been repeatedly busted by ASI. There is no foundation of Black Taj instead it was a octagonal tank with decorated foliated edges. India Archaeology 1979-80 -A Review, ed. D. Mitra, ASI, New Delhi, 1983, p. 72 .After above pictorial analysis, can we say that A regular Octagon size pond were made into the Black Taj foundation story which was already part of some another garden/palace complex.So what Tavernier heard a story of Shahjahan probably acquiring another complex. But that complex already had Octagonal pond along with walls and some other features.Do we have proof that long before Mr Oak, did anyone have to assert that Taj is not temple. Yes we have! Year 1843:One Col Hodgson simply wanted to establish the relationship between the Indian guz (measure of length) and the British Yard for the purposes of land survey. He published his findings in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (Volume 7, 1843) [19] .Now the point is why anyone needed to mention this back in 1843, that Taj is not a temple but a tomb. (Page no. 56)Additional in 1843, Mr Hodgson came across a fabricated Persian Manuscript regarding Taj’s measurement. He attributed it to a work of an imposter [20].So the Tajmahal’s manuscript about its dimension which was provided by Dargoha to Hodgson was clearly fabricated. (Page no. 50)So what was the need of creation of a false persian manuscript before 1843?The questions put in the articles in this link along with hidden photographic evidences of Tajmahal raise very pertinent question about the Tajmahal.Was it a Vedic Temple?Another Link: Taj Mahal is Hindu Temple – Proofs, Facts ListedThere are Hundreds of points as mentioned in all these links and books which are quite interesting as mentioned in other answers as well, like:(1)Prince Aurangzeb’s letter to his father Shahjahan dated 1652 AD states that main dome,upper stories and all other smaller cupolas have serious seepage problem during rainy season when he visited his mother Mumtaz’s tomb. As per established by “historians”, Taj construction completed in 1653 AD. So how come the building which was yet to be finished developed such major issues?Aurnagzeb further says “The domes of the Mosque and Jama’at Khana leaked during the rains and were made watertight. The master builders are of the opinion that if the roof of the second storey is re-opened and dismantled and treated afresh…, the galleries and the smaller domes will probably become watertight, but they say that they are unable to suggest any measures of repairs to the main dome…”.So all Master builders of Tajmahal could not suggest anything about repairing of main dome leaking. This letter had been referred in “Ancient India 1946″ by ASI in one of image earlier.(2)Aurangzeb states next:"The Mehtab garden is innundated and looks desolate. Its scenic beauty will reappear only when the floods recede.”"That the rear portion of the building complex remains safe is a mystery. The stream keeping away from the rear wall has prevented damage.”Mehtab garden which is at the opposite bank of Yamuna from Tajmahal gets flooded by river Yamuna during rainy season but for Aurangzeb, Yamuna staying away from Tajmahal’s rear wall during floods, remains mystery. Had Shahjahan laid the building from the very foundation on Yamuna bank his son or court’s builders would have been aware about the reason. So all such recent claims about only land being acquired to build Taj seems recent concoction.The reason for the same is bastion-like wells sunk on Yamuna’s bank by the earlier builders before Shahjahan.CONCLUSION:As it is known that Raja Jai singh’s Mansion was acquired to build the Taj so the common sense clubbed with other facts should indicate that the present Taj is a aesthetically modified version (externally) of equally beautiful pre existing mansion. For instance, the implausible pace of construction, the lack of eye-witness accounts, the lack of details in Badshahnama, the wide discrepancy in contemporary accounts by foreign travellers. The damning mention of extensive leaks in the structure which puzzled the ‘master-builders’ etc.Not to mention other facts that the House/Manzil/Palace of Raja Mansingh had Gaushala(Cow shelter), Elephant and Horse stables etc.Note: An ASI report of year 1900, talks about Gaushala Burj within Taj premise.In 1909 edition of H G Keene’s Handbook to Agra, a partial plan of Tajmahal premise appeared in On the south, in the centre, there is a gateway called “Shree Darwaza”.As far as the Tajmahal being a temple of Lord Shiva is considered, it could have been a temple or temple-palace complex too as the symbol ‘OM’, ‘Cobras’, ‘Dhaturas’ and ‘Lotus’ are distinctive features of Shiva temple. There are evidences that the Taj premises had Bilvapatra trees. We know that Dhatura and Bilvaptra are exclusively used for Shiva’s worship. The temple could have passed to some other muslim rulers before Mughals and then Amber rulers at some point of time and they might have renovated the same. They could have added domes and arches as well. Nothing is certain in this regard.OMCobras and BellsBut still How can one believe a Shiva temple could have domes?Following is the Chaurasi Khamba Chhatri (84 pillars) temple of Lord Shiva (Deity in form of Shivlinga), located in Bundi Rajasthan. It was constructed by Rao Raja Anirudh Singh in 1683 [21]. Even to this day Shivlinga temples in north india are constructed in such style as well. Moreover building dome was widespread in the Indian subcontinent before Islam came[22].So finally Can we say that the the main structure or part of it should have pre existed ? Its dome might have been modified or some marble walls were erected, some removed. But deep inside of all of these, base columns should belong to original construction.The only way to put this controversy to rest is to open all underground and upper floors and sealed chambers to international and national researchers and detailed study of building and its foundation without changing or damaging the aesthetics of the building itself and to subject woods and bricks with Carbon-14, Thermoluminescence[23] and other available tests.Many points have been missed in this writing such as regarding claims of sight of idols in inner octagonal chamber and elsewhere during wear and tear of the building. It is urged that readers go through all books, articles and travelogues for other details. Few of them have been listed in References and Footnotes. Books by P N Oak and Dr V S Godbole are prominent ones. One or two inaccuracies, if they exist, should not be basis to discard their whole work.NOTE:In case of Fatehpur sikri, it was believed that it was build by Akbar but in 1999–2000 excavation of ASI, it was proved that the place had flourishing Jain and Hindu habitation with many temples and deities.[24] The same P N Oak also claimed Fatehpur Sikri to be a Hindu city in his another book.[25]References:The Newyork times Archive:Separating the Taj Mahal From LegendAnother article:Taj Mahal is Hindu Monument: Prof Marvin Mills, Reputed New York ArchitectDr V S Godbole book: (Tajmahal: Analysis of the Great deception)Godbole book on Taj.pdfLeft historian acceptance of Raja Jai Singh Mansion being acquired to built Taj: The real story of how Taj Mahal was builtBelow is the photograph of one of back door whose radio dating was done and this door was removed by government after the expose.Fatehpur Sikri Revelations:Excavation at Akbar's fort at Fatehpur Sikri reveals flourishing Jain and Hindu habitationFootnotes[1] Kanishka stupa - Wikipedia[2] Reality Check: Whose Taj Mahal is it anyway?[3] The real story of how Taj Mahal was built[4] Badshahnamah Persian Volume 1 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive[5] English books of P.N. Oak[6] Page on iitk.ac.in[7] Ancient India 1946 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive[8] The illustrated handbook of architecture : being a concise and popular account of the different styles of architecture prevailing in all ages and countries : Fergusson, James, 1808-1886 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive[9] Amer Fort - Wikipedia[10] Govind Dev Temple | Mathura-Vrindavan | UP Tourism[11] Welcome To Official WebSite of Taj Mahal-U.P.Tourism[12] The travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia, 1608-1667[13] Re-examining history: The making of the Taj – Part 1[14] Re-examining history: The making of the Taj – Part 2[15] Jahangir’s India : W.h.moreland : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive[16] The Topography of the Mogul Empire as Known to the Dutch in 1631 : Joannes de Laet, E . Lethbridge : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive[17] The Empire Of The Great Mogol : J S Hoyland : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive[18] Travels in India : Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, 1605-1689 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive[19] Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland : Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive[20] Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland : Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive[21] Bundi architectures[22] Dome - Wikipedia[23] Thermoluminescence - Wikipedia[24] Excavation at Akbar's fort at Fatehpur Sikri reveals flourishing Jain and Hindu habitation[25] Amazon.in: Buy Fatehpur Sikri is s Hindu City Book Online at Low Prices in India