Quality Improvement In Living Liver Donation - New York State: Fill & Download for Free

There are so, so many reasons. It’s best that I just copy/paste from the Wiki page on this:Organ donation in the United States prison population - Wikipedia.Death row inmatesThe practice of death row inmates donating organs while alive follows closely to that of their more general inmate counterparts. Where they differ is in their inability have their organs donated following their execution. Although no law specifically forbids death row inmates from donating organs postmortem, as of 2013 all requests by death row inmates to donate their organs after execution have been denied by states. Additionally there is debate about whether current organ donation guidelines, outlined in the National Organ Transplant Act of 1984 and the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act, implicitly prohibit death row inmates from being organ donors.Questions regarding the benefits, practicality, morality and ethics of allowing death row inmates to donate their organs postmortem have garnered notable attention following two highly publicized events: an editorial by condemned prisoner Christian Longo published in The New York Times advocating for the right of fellow death row inmates to donate their organs, and the request by death row inmate Gregory Scott Johnson to have his execution stayed until he could donate a portion of his hepatitis-infected liver to his debilitated sister.The answers to these questions have been variably debated by the public, professional medical organizations, and bioethicists. A limited number of opinion polls have indicated broad favor for the practice within both the general public and organ recipients.[14] In contrast transplant and medical societies have generally opposed the practice, and bioethicists have been divided.BenefitsOrgan donation has the potential to greatly improve quality of life as well as prevent death in patients with end-stage organ failure. There is an endemic shortage of organ donors within the United States, resulting in an immediate and persistent need for additional, suitable organ donors. Death row inmates are a possible source of additional organs. However, the quality and amount of organs that death row inmates can potentially contribute is debated, but would definitely not remove more than a small percentage of people on transplant waiting lists.Practical barriersSuitabilityThe same reasons that make the general prison population less suitable to be organ donors—poor health and increased chance of infectious disease—also apply to death row inmates. However, due to the preplanned nature of executions and lengthy time periods before they are carried out death row inmates have a greater potential to be screened thoroughly beforehand. Additionally many death row inmates are in isolation from the general population, reducing their chances of having contracted a communicable disease.Other factors, however, variably decrease the suitability of death row inmates as organ donors. The average age of people on death row is over fifty, and chronic medical conditions such as diabetes and hypertension are common. Potentially half of the death row inmates would be unsuitable for organ donation.Medical constraintsThe primary method of execution in the United States is via lethal injection which generally involves the administration of three drugs: sodium thiopental, a sedative to induce unconsciousness, pancuronium bromide (Pavulon), a muscle relaxant to cause respiratory arrest, and potassium chloride to trigger cardiac arrest. Organ donation following this method of lethal injection is often compared to donation after circulatory death (DCD). Similar to DCD organ donation following lethal injection faces the challenge of gathering organs before they become unusable due to hypoxia. Both the American Medical Association and the American Society of Anesthesiology oppose their members from participating in executions, although their abilities to sanction members for doing so are limited.[16] In order to avoid the transplanting physician's involvement in the death of the inmate, the cause of death must be determined to be from lethal injection, and not from the removal of the patients organs. This means that after lethal injection, the medical examiner waits 10–15 minutes to test for sign of cardiac activity before pronouncing them dead. During this time hypoxia destroying the organs becomes a serious issue, but removal of the organs any earlier risks making the removal of the inmates organs the cause of death and not the lethal injection.Additionally the facilities that oversee executions are not equipped to handle the organ removal surgery. Revamping these facilities to be able to handle such surgeries would be very costly. This leaves two other options, changing the location of execution to a hospital, or moving inmates to a hospital after their execution. The first option would be difficult due to hospitals not wanting to oversee executions, and the second option risks further hypoxia of the organs during the time it takes to transport the inmates.Moral and ethical considerationsSome considerations for organ donation from those on death row mirror those of general prison population. Indirect coercion, and mental stress can possibly impair the ability of a death row inmate to make a fully informed decision. Becoming an organ donor may influence the appeals process, where sympathy or the chance of another individual benefiting from the inmates death may come into consideration. Additionally there is fear that the possibility of organ donation could influence the judgement jurors who may weigh the possibility of someone being able to live at the expense of the accused when deciding their verdict. Thus, whether or not depriving death row inmates the ability to donate their organs is protecting their rights, or stripping them away, continues to be debated.I know that’s a lot, but it’s the most complete overview one can give to such a question.I was going to bring up the medical and moral parts, but decided to search online to see if death row inmates in fact could donate their organs. Turns out they can’t, but taking organs from executed prisoners and blood from the living ones would bring up questions of whether the prison system was really to punish/rehabilitate criminals or just to have organ and blood farms.

The only time I’ve heard of drinking cow urine was to take fly agaric via cowYour own urine cures cancer and Dr Burzynski MD cures cancer with a urine extract"What made Dr Burzynski a threat to the cancer industry from the beginning was the prospect that antineoplaston therapy represented a successful alternative to toxic and dangerous chemotherapy drugs, upon which most of the cancer industry’s profits depend. Did the NCI pick up the tab for completing his research? Did the ACS help with favourable publicity? Of course not. The minute NCI saw evidence of antineoplastons working they distorted the data by withdrawing the 2 successful patients and thus the evidence. NCI’s conduct towards him is a striking example of how an agency presumed to be objective can set up a study that will either prove or disprove anything it wants. In this case, there is clear evidence that NCI wanted to prove antineoplastons didn’t work."—John Diamond, M.D. & Lee Cowden, M.D."Typical of Burzynski's extraordinary results were the outcomes for early groups of advanced cancer patients treated with antineoplastons: 60 percent enjoyed objective remission, 47 percent experienced complete remission, and 20 percent survived for over five years without cancer. These and other results are far superior to anything reported then or now for standard cancer treatments. (For example, in 1985 interleukin-2 was heavily promoted by orthodoxy, supposedly as a highly promising new treatment after a single study showed it to have been associated with a complete remission from cancer in only one patient out of twenty-four treated -- a positive response rate of only fourpercent!)."--Barry"Without exception, all the oncologists I talked to about Dr Burzynski were scornful and hostile. Twenty- five years of practicing unconventional medicine did not prepare me for what I discovered. Delving into attitudes, actions, and beliefs of modern oncologists was like opening a box of cereal and finding it full of worms. They just don’t care….The question I kept asking was why, and the answer to that question gradually began to creep out: Dr Burzynski’s discovery threatens one of the largest and most lucrative industries in the history of mankind, the cancer treatment industry.All those radiation machines and doctors who run themAll those chemotherapy drugs and the doctors who prescribe themAll those so called studies that just juggle the doses of chemo & radiation, andAll those surgeons who have been flailing at cancer for over a 100 yearsIf it (antineoplastons) is allowed to flourish, it renders obsolete the entire cancer treatment industry. He has discovered a non-toxic treatment that is about as close to cure as we have ever seen. If you think the lumber jacks in the Pacific Northwest were scornful of the spotted owl, you haven’t seen anything yet….Also it is not just about money, it is about strongly held beliefs, beliefs that have meshed with the personality of virtually everyone in the cancer treatment industry, especially the physicians. In short, these beliefs are that cancer can only be treated with therapies that mutilate, poison, or burn the patient, in the hope that they "kill" the cancer…..Therefore, each patient who is miraculously cured by Burzynski’s nontoxic therapy is not viewed as a breakthrough, or even as something good, but rather as a dangerous messenger of heresy, a terrible threat to their beliefs."—Dr Whitaker M.D.It’s a wee bit cheaper to drink your own and must work better as MDs need the patent to make the money"Don't take this therapy lightly. Multiple sclerosis, colitis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, hepatitis, hyperactivity, pancreatic insufficiency, psoriasis, eczema, diabetes, herpes, mononucleosis, adrenal failure, allergies and so many other ailments have been relieved through use of this therapy. After you overcome your initial gag response (I know I had one), you will realize that something big is going on, and if you are searching for health, this is an area to investigate. There are numerous reports and double blind studies which go back to the turn of the century supporting the efficacy of using urine for health."CANCEREliass Quispe { La Paz, Bolivia } Friday, November 24, 2000"I am initiating in this field by necessity since my mother is diagnosed with cancer. By a photocopy of a book that treats this subject I moved myself to apply this therapy with her and I now give to faith and testimony that this is effective. My mother was very weak and after ten days she feels fortified in her physical. I see her with future life. I believe THAT THIS GIVING RESULT IS GOOD."World­wide Case Histories of Urine Therapy by Gary Ward CANCER“Shri Pukhraj Kucheria informs from Daman (Dist. Bulsar) that he applied urine treatment on two patient of cancer and T.B. and he could achieve success in both the cases.”Manav Mootra by R. M. Patel CANCERThe following is a reaction from Stanislaw R. Burzynski, scientific researcher and discoverer of the anti­cancer substance Antineoplast, to the Urine Therapy Centre in Ahmedabad, India. He discusses the possible link between Antineoplast and the positive results of urine therapy as it is applied in India.The main interest of our research are the compounds which we have named Antineoplast. They have very potent anticancer activity without causing any harm to the normal human tissues. In the last year we were able to treat successfully 14 different types of human cancers in including bladder, colon, tongue, breast, lung, ovarian and uterine cancer­ all of them with metastases to distant organs, even to the brain. The result of these studies are in press now. Antineoplastons, which chemically are medium sized peptides, are produced by healthy human tissues and are present in blood and urine. At the present time we are isolating them from normal human urine. The concentration of Antineoplastons in urine is very small and usually it is necessary to process 29 gallons of urine to obtain a daily dose for one patient. This amount of the medication is dissolved in a very small volume and given the same way as Insulin injections.We were able to have complete remission in four to six weeks in medium advanced cases. At the present time we do not see any adverse reaction. It is my great pleasure to know that in India you have good results with auto­uro­therapy, because it may support our theory. Western medicine took a lot from Indian folk medicine. We are glad to know that our therapy may have the links with natural treatment done for centuries.(From: Manav Mootra, Raojibhai Patel, Ahmedabad 1991) CANCER OF BREAST“ A young patient was in an advanced stage of breast cancer. It presented a horrible sight, and the stench was indescribable. It was thus the patient came for advice. The doctor suggested that she should apply a two­ ply lint compress saturated with her own urine to the deep wound, to be left on until dry and then removed, the last one to be applied just before retiring for the night.The ultimate result was indeed very remarkable in that the dreadful, revolting smell vanished in a few days, much to the astonishment of her cancer specialist in London, as well as to the patient herself.”Urine Therapy by Dr. John F. O'QuinnCANCER OF BREAST“I will now give the case history of Mrs. R. She was in her early forties at the time. Condition ­ anaemic, under average height, below normal weight, lump about the size of a hen's egg in one of her breasts. Diagnosed as cancer by the late Dr. Rabagliati, an immediate operation was urged, but firmly refused. She fasted on urine and drank 2 1/2 pints of cold tap­water daily. Her husband massaged her from head to foot with his own urine for two hours a day, and packs wrung out in urine were placed over both breasts day and night.She was cured in ten days. She returned to Dr. Rabagliati on the twelfth day after the last visit to him, and he could find no trace of abnormality in the breast. Anaemia had vanished also, and the patient had been restored to perfect health.”Urine Therapy by Dr. John F. O’Quinn CANCER OF BREASTMartha Cecilia H. Sanchez. Mexico."I had cancer of uterus in third degree and a lump in the right side of my breast. I had disastrous results. They said that it was malignant and they were goingto amputate the breast.To the Glory of God, here I am writing. Blessed and praised be it forever. I drank my urine for three months and I felt like a new woman. My symptoms and lump totally disappeared, thanks to God."Testimonials of Patients Cured by Urine Therapy paraisodelasalud.org -&nbspparaisodelasalud Resources and Information.CANCER OF BREAST“A young woman had developed a growth in her breast. She was put on a diet of her own urine plus tap water and used urine compresses. In a short time, four days, the growth had entirely disappeared.”Drink Your Own Water by Tony ScazzeroCANCER OF BOWEL“A lady of sixty­two was diagnosed to have cancer of the bowel. A colostomy was advised by the professionals, but was refused. Her weight was under eighty­four pounds and rapidly wasting away. She was cured in three weeks, and at the date of this writing is eighty­four years old.”Urine Therapy by Dr. John F. O'QuinnCANCER OF BOWELMs. T.A., Australia"In 1988 I myself had cancer in the bowel, liver and lymph system. For the cancer in the bowel I had three operations within three months, after which I was only skin and bone. For the liver and lymph glands I was offered chemotherapy, which I declined. All the anaesthetics, antibiotics and postoperative drugs had weakened the immune system to rock bottom, and because of this I had already started to lose great bunches of hair.I had asked God, in prayer, to bring me anything I needed to get well again, and the very next morning I was given by a friend a "Water of Life" book, which in medical terms is uropathy or urine therapy, written by J.W Armstrong. Such is God's immediate response!I thanked the Father within me, and I knew that what I had read would totally heal me, if I now applied it to my own situation and condition. I decided not to tell my doctor or anyone until I felt totally healed. I did not want any discouragement or negative influence. I kept up with meditation and relaxation, my usual wheatgrass juice, mixed with lettuce juice to make it more palatable, and other veggie juices. Plenty of salads and greens, no meat, no cooked foods, no dairy products, oils or fats for three months, to heal the liver. Daily rubbings of my whole body, including hair and scalp, with urine. As J.W Armstrong wrote, and as the Bible says, "Anoint thy body!" The skin is an absorbing organ for the lymph glands. I would do this in the afternoon, and shower the next morning. I also drank my own "Water of Life" in between meals, early morning and during the night, up to seven glasses per day.Nine months later I went to the doctor, looking and feeling well, which was a great surprise to him. He thought I had already died. A blood test showed no remaining trace of cancer any more."The Golden Fountain by Coen van der Kroon CANCER IN BLOOD (LEUKEMIA)Edelmira Maniquez { Michoacan Mexico }"My name is Edelmira Manriquez. I live Santoyo and in the street Cuautla, Juarez Colony in Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. My telephone is­­­­­­­. I want to make public my testimony. My Celestial Father again gave the opportunity for me to live. I am a Leucemia patient (Cancer in the Blood). In March of 1999 the last of the my three children" Lucia" I gave her birth. I noticed that a muscle grew of considerable form in my abdomen. I returned to the doctor. He began to examine and between analysis, ultrasounds, x­rays, studies of bone marrow and others; they finished diagnosing " LEUKEMIA" to me . According to the doctor, my problem took but of a year. As it is logical, the tears came and other thousand questions.I initiated fasting and I dealt to face my disease with vengeance. That disease was mineand it would be with me all the way that I had left of life. One night I woke up contents. I deduced that during my dream my Celestial Father close remembered that he was part of me. I put myself in his hands and I entrusted much to my family above. That night I found half of my strength and other half I obtained it when I finished reading the book of Urine Chemistry by Sonia Rodriguez. Two friends of mine also read her book.After reading the book, the 19 of September of 1999, at 9 in the morning, I did the first taking of my Urine promising to my Celestial Father that I will take it by everything what I had left of life. I also chose to leave all medicines. I did not doubt at any moment, what I had to do. I mean to them that my hemoglobin was very low (6 mg/ml) and that the number of 270.000 leukocytes was above of pox milliliter (normal level: 5.000 to 10.000 leukocytes by milliliter.) In addition I received very high doses of oral chemotherapy and other medicines like the interferon and many others. At the moment my leukocytes are normal and I am alive happy with my family. Everything was a slow process relatively (5 months), during which little by little I was feeling better. Every time with force my appetite and desires to live grew.Urine is the first wonder of the world. Like medicine for the health it is a gift that God the Father donated to us because he does not want disease with us. He wants always to be happy. With Edelmira affection."Edelmira Manriquez Santoyo Morelia, Michoacan Mexico Thursday, February 01, 2001World­wide Case Histories of Urine Therapy by Gary Ward CANCER OF BREAST“A lady of forty­two years old was diagnosed to have cancer of the breast. Excision was advised, to be followed by a strict regime, but only a faint hope of a cure was offered by the profession. The patient refused the operation. A complete cure was facilitated by the fasting­urine method.”The Water of Life by John ArmstrongCANCER OF BREASTMrs. Graciela P. Solis {Mexico}"In August of 1995, they detected a tumor in my left breast, they operated on me and it was cancerous of which 13 ganglia were malignant and 7 benign. They applied chemotherapy and radiation later. In January of 1996 new cancer extended to the bones of pelvis. I began to take Urine and at the moment I am better. Thanks to God and Mrs. Sonia who put it in my path."World­wide Case Histories of Urine Therapy by Gary Ward CANCER OF CHEST (Adenocarcinoma)"I was officially diagnosed with Adenocarcinoma (cancer) of the chest with possible infiltration of the left lung two years ago. Soon after I was diagnosed, I was hospitalized because my lung had filled with fluid and collapsed. I was in a desperate struggle to stop the production of the fluid, in addition to which I was terribly constipated and uncomfortable.Then I came across information on this particular natural therapy. As soon as I had ingested the [fluid] it was miraculous. My bowels immediately began to moveagain. The relief was incredible and the fluid production in my lung also subsequently soon died down to the doctors' amazement. They had no recourse but to remove my chest tube. They wanted me to consider chemotherapy, radiation or surgery but I refused and signed myself out of the hospital.Needless to say I am still here after two years even though my parents were informed I had only four months to live after the diagnosis. I had used a number of holistic approaches (colonies, herbs, etc.) but to be perfectly honest I know it wasthe internal and external use of [this fluid] which has saved my life."— Mr. R., New York, Your Own Perfect Medicine by Martha M. ChristyCANCER OF GALLBLADDER"52­year­old woman with jaundice (serum bilirubin 11 mg.%). Melon­sized tumor in the right epi­ and mesogastrium; exploratory laparotomy revealed advanced cancer of the gallbladder with metastases to the liver, cecum and transverse colon.After 5 injections of the urine extract, there was shrinkage of the tumor, reduction in size of the liver, bilirubin dropped to 1.6 mg%. Within 10 months of follow­up examinations, the patient exhibited no symptoms; on rare occasions, stomach upset occurred after dietary irregularities."Therapeutic Results of the Use of an Auto­Urine Extract on Malignant Tumors, 1961, by Dr. NovakCANCER IN KIDNEYSMr. Gustavo L. { Mexico }"Always I have been very ill. I have taken many medicines and never have I felt so good as now. They said me that my problem did not have remedy. I went to the hospital in Guadalajara and they said to me that my kidneys and urethras are not seen in the x­ray. I had only a few days of life left because the problem of Cancer was very advanced. I felt very sad, depressed and then somebody gave me a book from Dr. of Chemistry Sonia Rodriguez and I started with the therapy.Thanks to God I did start and for two years of taking the therapy every month and for surprise of the doctors that took care of to me. I am very ready for work and I made my life normal and productive."World­wide Case Histories of Urine Therapy by Gary WardCANCER OF LIVER“Mrs. Champa Devi is a widow of Jeera. She is 57. She came to me on 11­5­1974, suffering from tumour of the liver, diabetes and blood pressure. A thorough check­up­revealed that her liver was assailed by cancer. She had undergone treatment at the Rajendra Hospital, Patiala for five months. She was discharged by the doctors as a case beyond medical cure.She was relieved of all her complaints after a couple of months of regular auto­urine treatment. Her eyes that were yellowish and swollen due to the disease came to their normal state by washing with urine. She is now completely cured.”from Manav Mootra by R. M. Patel CANCER OF LIVER"Friends. Had I not stumbled upon U. T. eleven years before, my family members and friends would have been mourning my 11th death anniversary!In the year 1984 when I was 42 years old the doctors of the prestigious Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay diagnosed that I was suffering from liver cancer of last stage. Prior to getting admitted in Tata Hospital I was treated by several well known Allopaths, Homeopaths and even Ayurvedic physicians for several months, but my health went on deteriorating day by day as I couldn't eat any thing; as a result of which my body was reduced to a mere skeleton weighing 40 kg. against my original weight of 62 kg. Doctorsof Tata Hospital had advised me to go for Chemotherapy and thereafter Radiation therapy as a last resort. I shuddered at the very thought of those dangerous treatments as I had seen with my own eyes the miserable and painful conditions of my few relatives and friends who had undergone those horrible treatments. I prayed God to save∙m.e from this dangerous predicament.And, as if God heard my prayer and sent his messenger in the form of one Mr. Nanubhai Chitalia whose incredible recovery story of terminal liver cancer had been published by numerous news­papers and magazines. He had miraculously recovered from liver cancer by U. T. and had healthily survived for more than ten years against the physicians' prognosis of few days!He came to meet me in Tata Hospital to inspire and guide me to do U. T. instead of opting for harmful dangerous treatments. I gathered courage and: took voluntary discharge from Tata Hospital against medical advice and doctors' warning that I won't survive for more than ten days if I didn't undergo. the proposed treatment.Being a book­seller by profession I had read few books on U. T. but I had never thought of practising it. I made up my mind to follow U. T. as a last resort. I started drinking 1 1/2 to 2 glasses of Shivambu in the morning and within few days my mouth ulcers were cured and the blood that was coming out from my tongue and gums also stopped! This was not a small achievement for me. I felt great relief as I had suffered these afflictions for several months in spite of spending thousands of Rupees on its treatment. This gave me added confidence and inspiration to do U. T. treatment more systematically and intensively.I started drinking whole day's urine around seven glasses and in between I drank ample water, herbal tea of Tulsi Pudina, Carrot juice, Cabbage juice, Vegetables soups, fruit juices at an interval of an hour. After one month of treatment there was considerable improvement in my general health, and at the end of three months a strange incident occurred. Along with the stools I passed few tumor like substances which I collected and sent for pathological examination. In the report it was mentioned that those were the malignant tumors that might have got separated from the liver ! Thereafter there was fast improvement in my health After six months I went for check­up to the Tata Hospital and to the amazement of my physicians I was declared totally normal and healthy!Today after eleven years of my recovery from deadly disease I am having extraordinary health and stamina which I had 20 years before! I have become a∙ legendary personality amongst my friends, relatives and wellwishers!From my own experience I confidently declare that cancer can be certainly cured by Urine Therapy if done systematically.I am attending Shivambu Seminars without fail and narrate my incredible story to inspire the audience to follow U. T. before it is too late. Anybody can approach me for guidance. Jai Shivambu!from Shivambu Geeta by Dr. G. K. Thakkar CANCER OF LIVER“Diagnosed with metastatic cancer of the liver, complicated by hepatitis, she was sent home to die. She drank only her first morning urine and used it externally, no fasting. After ten days, she went back to the doctor feeling much better. The doctor could not believe she was alive. Within a few weeks she was working again.”Drink Your Own Water by Tony Scazzero, p. 80 CANCER OF LIVER"A 60 year­old woman with metastatic malignant tumors in the epigastrium and liver was treated with the urine extract. After 4 injections, both subjective and objective improvement was noted, as corroborated by radiological x­rays showing marked tumor reduction.After six weeks, there were no obstructions noted in the upper abdomen and the liver was normal. Two years have passed since the treatments and there has been no further incidence of the cancer."Therapeutic Results of the Use of an Auto­Urine Extract on Malignant Tumors, 1961, by Dr. NovakCANCER OF NECK“A Jain monk, 45, was suffering from cancer. He had a tumor on his neck. In Bombay, he had been treated electrically, as a result of which the tumor disappeared but reappeared on the other side. Intense coughing was also present. The doctor treating the monk had named cancer to be the cause. The doctor also advised him to go to Tata Hospital in Bombay. Before he was to leave, he was informed about Urine Therapy. The next day, he started drinking all the urine passed during the day and also fasted. With the drinking of urine, his body became light and soft. The cough disappeared in three days. As a result, his faith in Urine Therapy had increased. He continued drinking urine. Some days later, the monk had clear motions and sound sleep. The urine maintained his strength during the period of fast. The monk was fully relieved of his trouble with this treatment, without the rubbings. The monk still lives and travels in Gujarat and has no trouble whatsoever.”Urine Therapy by Dr. John F. O'QuinnCANCER OF OVARY“A woman with metastasized ovarian cancer claims that she cured herself using the universal remedy, ingesting a few ounces of urine every day and using the rectal­implant­syringe to clean­out the bowel regularly. Though six months passed before her doctors confirmed that she no longer needed surgery and chemotherapy, she was very happy to discover a free, safe, and simple holistic procedure. These options helped her avoid allopathic medicine’s way of dealing with her condition which only offered a 50/50 chance to live another 5 years or more.”Uropathy by Martin J. Lara CANCER OF PROSTATEConsuelo MS. Mexico."An uncle of mine who lives in Hermosillo, Sonora, is a cardiologist. At the age of 65 years was cured of prostate cancer.He had lost all hope in chemotherapy treatments. We gave him the book "Water of Life". He did urine fasting for two weeks and felt much better. This happened in 1992. He continued taking it, and he is in good health and fully cured."Testimonials of Patients Cured by Urine Therapyparaisodelasalud.org -&nbspparaisodelasalud Resources and Information.CANCER OF PROSTATE"Howard Cohen, a computer consultant from Palo Alto, said that his twice-weekly "smoothies" made with breast milk and fruit had helped put his prostate cancer into remission and allowed him to avoid more invasive treatment, such as surgery.Mr Cohen first took breast milk after he was diagnosed in 1999. His wife read an article about Swedish research on breast milk and cancer cells. A friend who was breast-feeding at the time gave him some of her milk, and Mr Cohen found that his levels of prostate-specific antigen, a warning sign for prostate cancer, dropped back to normal.His urologist was sceptical but not opposed to Mr Cohen's self-treatment so long as it had no adverse effects.Mr Cohen has undergone regular blood tests and screenings in the past two-and-a-half years and there have been no signs of cancer"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1481302/Adults­turn­to­breast­milk­to­ease­effect s­of­chemotherapy.htmlCANCER OF STOMACH“Shri Dinubhai R. Joshi (Advocate, Bombay High court) made a statment in MaladSeminar on urine therapy that on his advice a friend was cured of his stomach cancer, another of his throat cancer and some friends of their small or big ailments by urine therapy. He emphasized the fact that there were many a people who take advantage of this therapy but do not dare to declare its benefits openly.”Manav Mootra by R. M. Patel CANCER OF STOMACH“The first patient of cancer of stomach was treated by urine application directly under my guidance. Shri Mafatlal Chandulal Shah is the member of the municipality, Palanpur. His three years old son Subhash fell a victim to cancer. Shri Chandulal Shah adopted urine treatment and was able to avoid the untimely death of his dear son. ln his letter, dated 22­4­1961, he writes to me :Last year my younger son Subhash fell ill. He had a tumorous cancer in his stomach and pus in his testicles. The testicles had to be operated to remove put. But the wound of the operation would not heal. At last I had him examined in Tata Hospital at Bombay. Mr. Borji, a doctor of this hospital, examined him and after giving X­rays diagnosed that there was tumour of cancer in his stomach. The doctor further opined that the patient would have to be subjected to deep X­rays on his stomach and testicles.ln the newspapers, I had read about urine therapy. I decided to try the same. Following the kind advice of Shri Popatla Zaveri and the instructions given in the book Manav­Mutra, I kept Subhash on fast for two days only. during the fast, he was given to drink boiled water and all the urine he passed. His entire body was rubbed with his own urine every morning and evening. After four days, boils appeared on his head and the rest of the body. Pus oozed out of the body. Pieces of cloth soaked in urine were applied. After seven days' treatment, the wounds were healed up. He was given very light and easily digestible diet. Drinking and rubbing of urine continued daily. Consequently, the wound on his testicles was healed too. The urine treatment continued for one month and he was completely cured.Now there was no trace of tumour in his stomach. He was then examined by the doctors who reported that the boy had no disease. The experiment however continued. After one week our doctor accompanied me and Subhash was examined in the general hospital at Nagpur. His blood and urine were tested. They declared that Subhash had no cancer at all. He now hale and hearty.”Manav Mootra by R. M. PatelCANCER OF THROAT“ S.C. Champaneria is a resident of Bulsar and is sixty­two years old. He developed throat cancer in 1962 when he was in Africa. His throat was quite sore. He knew the uselessness of allopathic treatment in cancer, so he began Urine Therapy on September 22, 1962. He used to drink urine three times each day and apply urine packs on the throat tumor and place urine drops in the ears. In one month he completely cured himself of cancer.”Urine Therapy by Dr. John F. O'QuinnCANCER OF THROAT“Sant Kalasinhji, age seventy­five, suffered from asthma. Thereafter, he expectorated blood with his cough. Doctors believed that it was due to cancer of the throat. There was a small wound in the throat and it emitted a very bad smell. Urine­soaked cotton was placed on the wound and was changed every three hours. He got some relief. He was given urine acid to drink under a pretext. After two months, the bleeding stopped. The doctors diagnosed that he was fully cured.”Urine Therapy by Dr. John F. O'QuinnCANCER OF THROAT“ A Harijan woman was emitting blood through the mouth even in ordinary coughing. She was hospitalized more than once but with no improvement. Doctors believed that she had developed cancer of the throat. She was given Urine Treatment under pretext for three days. The bleeding stopped at once. After coming to realize the remedy, she drank urine willingly and rubbed it on her chest for forty days and cured herself completely. She is now quite healthy.”Urine Therapy by Dr. John F. O'QuinnCANCER OF THROATDr. V.P. Mehta, Mumbai"I am a qualified and experienced medical doctor with the highest degrees both in medicine and surgery. On March 12, 1986, I was diagnosed with cancer of the ary­epiglottic area (throat) with enlarged cervical lymph nodes. After receiving chemotherapy and a course of cobalt therapy I was to be operated on.Between August and October I tried Urine Therapy. By October 5, 1986, my disease was under control and the proposed surgery was canceled. I have not only recovered in a medical sense, but I am also leading a fully active professional life. In other words, even the quality of my life has improved. I feel the same zeal which I felt 30 years ago."World­wide Case Histories of Urine Therapy by Gary WardCANCER OF TONGUEHashmukh G. Panwala (1676, Sevkani wadi, Khadia, Ahmedabad­1} provides an excellent case of cancer­cure by urine therapy:"About a couple of months ago, I had to consult eminent doctors and specialists for the treatment of my father. He was said so suffer from malignant tongue cancer. Being in the employment in air­lines, I had a mind to take him to Switzerland, but it was considered to be of no avail. However in my over­enthusiasm, I did manage to give my father some deep X­rays, numbering about four courses, but despite this the shooting pain did not subside even for a while.As I had an occasion to try urine therapy for my own chronic cold trouble in 1957, I suggested to my proposal. He started the treatment, commencing with ten days' fast. Soon after, amazing relief was noticeable, even though the pace of progress was very slow. I thought it was advisable to consult Shri Raojikaka. He suggested to begin the treatment again commencing with four days' fast and atter the fast, to continue the treatment of urine therapy while taking special care about food. Salt, sugar, milk and other things were totally forbidden. My father followed the regime religiously. I was also carefully watching the progress.When I consulted the doctors and surgeons again, I was told that something miraculous had happened to my father inasmuch as his cancer was cured 75% in one and a half month.I was over jubilant to hear this and was anxiously waiting for 100 percent cure. Lastly some ten days ago, I went to an eminent doctor with my father for check­up. According to his opinion, the cure was almost complete and the patient might be feeling that he was completely cured."Manav Mootra by R. M. Patel CANCER OF TONGUE“C.H. Patel, age fifty­one, had developed cancer on his tongue. A co­worker had asked Patel to try Urine Treatment for his cancer. In due course, he met with success and got rid of his trouble.”Urine Therapy by Dr. John F. O'QuinnCANCER OF TONSILS AND THROATBill's Journey using Human Milk Therapy for Throat Cancer The Milk of Human Kindness: Human Milk TherapyWritten by Cheryl Scott RN, PhD, IBCLCRudolph Ballentine, MD, in his book Diet and Nutrition, states: “In many cultures, milk is, in fact, a symbol of the willingness to give, to sacrifice, and to put the welfare of another above that of oneself. Expressions such as “the milk of human kindness” are to be found in many languages.[1]As a lactation consultant for the past 15 years, I find myself in continual awe at the special qualities a mother’s milk provides to her baby. Much is known about the nutritional and protective qualities of human milk. Human milk provides antibodies and other protective substances for both a mother’s child as well as adult recipients. Recently, I have discovered a new dimension, a deeper look at the unique sacrifice and gift of life breastfeeding women provide for humans, big and small.Personal Benefits Bill Experienced from Donated Human Milk:­ Protected and supported his immune system­ Natural Tranquilizer: Assisted him to sleep soundly after his doses­ Healed his bed sore (secondary to severe malnutrition) within 4 hours­ Destroyed his cancer cells­ Minimized mucositis (sores in throat and oral region from radiation)­ Supported his T cell count and leukocyte count during chemo & radiation safeguarding Bill during his hospitalizations from nosicomial infections­ As of April 2013: He is cancer free for over 2.5 years! His doctors are amazed and happy at how strong and lively he is!This story began in July of 2009, when my Sweetheart, Bill, was diagnosed with Stage 4Tonsil cancer, which had metastasized throughout his throat. Initially Bill sought surgical treatment from the Mayo Clinic using a robot to remove 7 tumors in his throat. Despite the reputation of an 80% success rate with the Mayo Clinic’s trans­oral robotic surgery, 1 year later, we received a new diagnosis of 4 more aggressive tumors in his throat and base of his tongue. The most troublesome tumor was very large and was encasing his carotid artery. This explained Bill’s frequent episodes of passing out. A second surgery was not an option for Bill since his blood flow to his brain was strangulated by this very aggressive tumor. Bill’s only hope from his new doctors was aggressive radiation and chemotherapy. Bill had already been utilizing about 10 holistic anti­cancer protocols, which strengthened him, however these holistic methods did not stop the post­surgical metastasis of his tumors.Bill’s physicians mapped out a very aggressive radiation and chemotherapy course as his last hope to destroy the cancer and restore proper blood flow to his brain. Sadly, the toxicity from radiation and chemo made Bill very, very sick. Thankfully, the doctors had placed a feeding tube called a peg tube into his stomach since his throat would be too swollen to eat for months. However, he threw up the formula that was fed through his feeding tube as well. We tried every type of anti­nausea medication under the sun without any relief. He soon dropped his weight from 175 to 115. It was so sad to see this vibrant, strong man reduced down to skin and bones. I feared the treatments might kill him before the cancer. And then a miracle happened.I received an email from a colleague of mine, a nurse who works at the same hospital where I work. She wrote: “Just thought I would offer some breastmilk for Bill and his n/v. I could donate and I think I would be able to get some other donors as well. Obviously I'm not sure about what the total volume would be but we could try. Let me know and I will start a milk collection campaign.” Blessings, JackieMy friend and colleague, Jackie was breastfeeding her 8­month­old baby and was blessed with the ability to make more milk than her baby actually needed. She told me she was just about ready to stop pumping at work since her baby had more milk than he needed at home. However, when she heard of Bill’s trouble with keeping any food down, she wanted to offer her milk, knowing the immense healing properties of Mother’s Milk. She said she would be more than happy to continue to pump when she was at work and she could split her milk supply between her baby and Bill. What a blessing!I asked Bill if he would like to add Human Milk Therapy to his treatment plan and he broke down crying when he heard of Jackie’s kind offer. The very next day, I was able to pick up Jackie’s first donation of the Milk of Human Kindness. When we returned home, we infused 1 ounce into Bill’s GT tube. He didn’t throw it up! It was the first time in over 2 weeks that he did not vomit what we placed into his stomach. We added another ounce and then another ounce to reach the therapeutic dosage range of 3 ounces of Human Milk which is the suggested dosage as an anti­cancer treatment. Bill was able to keep the 3 ounces in his stomach. A lot of rejoicing was going on in our household that day!When Bill woke up the next morning, he had a small bedsore developing on the tip of his tailbone secondary to his severe state of malnutrition from his radiation and chemotherapy toxicity. I placed some drops of Mother’s Milk onto the small bedsore and I was amazed to see the bedsore disappeared within 4 hours. That is unheard of! (When my late husband developed a bedsore in his frail state with his paralysis from his brain tumor, we were never, ever able to heal the bedsore despite a myriad of medications and concoctions from his doctors and hospice nurses. Once skin breakdown from malnutrition occurs, it is very hard if not impossible to stop the process.) I was ecstatic to see the healing power of mothers’ milk at work once again!God works in amazing ways! The day after I received Jackie’s initial email offering her gift of breast milk for Bill’s healing, I received another email from a lactation consultant who is in charge of Sacramento’s WIC Breastfeeding programs. Amelia had an employee who was making an abundant amount of milk for her baby and had large amounts of excess breastmilk stored in her freezer. She asked if we would be interested in using some of her donated milk to help heal Bill! Again, there were tears of joy streaming down Bill’s face from his grateful heart for these dear mothers who wanted to share their healing milk.As a lactation consultant I had heard about donor breast milk used to treat cancer patients when I attended lactation conferences. It is known as Human Milk Therapy. The use of Mother’s Milk to treat conditions such as immune deficiency and cancer is commonly known as Human Milk Therapy. However, I had never personally known anyone who used breast milk to treat cancer.Bill received donations of human milk from three other donors, including his niece, Aleia. Through the generous donations of human milk, we were able to provide Bill with the recommended therapeutic dosage throughout his acute phase of aggressive radiation and chemotherapy. It was amazing to see the many health benefits for Bill's recovery from cancer.I truly wonder if Bill would have survived the severity of the aggressiveness of his radiation and chemo if he had not had the life supporting properties of mother’s milk. I remember one day, Bill was just released from the hospital for his severe nausea, vomiting, malnutrition and dehydration. His oncologist told us to get Bill immediately to the emergency room if he spiked a fever greater than 100. Well, his first day home from the hospital, he became really red, hot, feverish, felt really lousy and his temperature was rising to over 100. We had just began using human milk therapy a few days before, so I doubled his dose to 6 ounces via his GT tube and his fever came down within the hour and we did not need to take him to the emergency department. This was so wonderful!Bill was in immense pain from the aggressive radiation to his entire throat region. He was on large doses of pain relievers toWe did not tell his doctors initially about using human milk therapy until Bill’s third hospitalization for hydration and pain control. For a few weeks, the only nutrition he received was his IV fluids and human milk in his GT tube. He would throw up everything else up. At the end of his third hospitalization, the doctors began Bill back on a special formula to boost his calories. This is when we told his nutritionist about the doses of human milk therapy we were giving to Bill. She was fine with human milk therapy as long as we were not relying on this for his caloric needs. We assured her we were primarily using human milk therapy for it’s anti­cancer therapy. The doctors and nutritionists appeared just fine with this.Another great benefit we noticed human milk provided for Bill was the protective benefits to the sensitive mucous lining of his mouth and throat that were receiving enormous amounts of daily radiation. Bill’s oncologist kept expecting large holes and burns in the back of his mouth and throat. He couldn’t understand why his tissues weren’t full of sores. We just smiled REALLY big at each of our visits with his radiologist who was so happy with Bill’s progress.The best news came at Bill’s 3 month PET scan revealing Bill to be cancer free! This journey through tonsilar and throat cancer has been a very long, hard and painful journey for Bill, however the gifts of mothers’ milk from each of these loving mothers blessed Bill and I beyond words. Our hearts are very grateful for the wonderful care Bill received from his health care team and the loving donations of life giving milk from these wonderful mothers.PS Bill is now 3 years cancer free![1] Ballentine, Rudolph, Diet and Nutrition: A Holistic Approach, 1978. Pgs. 124­124.[2] ADULTS TURN TO BREAST MILK TO EASE EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY by Michael Day, Health Correspondent, TelegraphWritten by Cheryl Scott RN, PhD, IBCLCCANCEROUS TUMORMrs. Maria R. Sanchez { Mexico }"I was healed of a cancerous tumor that I had. In three months THANKS TO GOD, I am cured and I feel very well. I ask everyone who believes in God to know that diseases are a disguised blessing, as Jesus said."World­wide Case Histories of Urine Therapy by Gary WardCANCER OF UTERUS“Mrs. Surjit Kaur of Longodeva (Jeera, Dist. Ferozpur, Punjab), 33 years of age, was given up as a hopeless case of cancer by the ludhiana physicians. Then she, accompanying her father, came to me on 3­3­1974. After examining her thoroughly, I told her, “If you undergo the treatment with faith and patience you will be all right.”I put her on fruit­juice, prescribed auto­urine drinking daily thrice and urine massage for an hour every day. She was restored to full health within three months’ treatment.”from Manav Mootra by R. M. PatelCANCER OF VAGINA“Mayadevi was having pain in the abdomen. Doctors ascribed it to complications in her menstruation. Treatment by them only aggravated her condition. On taking an X­ray print it was found that her vagina was infected. When she was operated upon at the Mission Hospital at Ludhiana it was found that she had cancer of the vagina and her life was in danger. She was therefore brought back to her own hospital.I examined the patient and knowing the case history started auto­urine therapy. The wound of operation was covered with urine bandage. Within a few days she was cured. Now she freely moves about and even travels.”from Manav Mootra by R. M. Patel CANCER OF WOMB“Shri Hans relates a case of the cancer of womb. A wife of small factory­owner had a small child and to avoid another pregnancy she had inserted a loop. She had leucorrhoea and so the after­effect of loop was very serious. She had now the cancer of the womb. There was no benefit from doctor’s treatment. So she undertook urine treatment. She drank auto­urine as well as massaged her back and abdomen and a douche of nim­leaves­boiled urine was given in the vagina. It was given twice a day. In 40 days she was completely cured.”Manav Mootra by R. M. Patel

You want ba-nan-a ? Apes are animals created without conscience and with only instinct. Human are created in the “Image” of God. Human kind can reason, create, love, think, make decisions…. etc…. animals are not made in the image of God but made for us….The reason for DNA similarities with other created things is because we have the same creator._______________________________________________________________________________Do Human and Chimpanzee DNA Indicate an Evolutionary Relationship?byBert Thompson, Ph.D.Brad Harrub, Ph.D.The collision occurred without warning. Prior to the impact, thoughts had revolved around dinner plans. Images of fried chicken and mashed potatoes, however, now have been replaced by an ear-piercing siren and flashing strobe lights, that dance off of street signs and store windows. Following the injured person’s six-minute ambulance ride, emergency room doctors assess the situation. There is extensive internal damage, and several organs are beginning to shut down. The prognosis is dim—unless a healthy kidney and liver are transplanted within the next 12 hours. A call is made to the National Organ Donor Registry, and the gravity of the situation is relayed to several donor officials. Within a matter of hours, a chartered air ambulance delivers the organs in a bright red Igloo™ cooler. As the anesthesiologist begins the necessary preparations for surgery, the patient notices the surgeon walk over and inspect the donated organs. The last words the patient hears as he drifts off to sleep is the surgeon saying, “Well, I guess chimp organs will have to do; after all, we share over 98% of the same genetic material.”While many evolutionists proclaim that humanDNAis 98% identical to chimpanzeeDNA, few would lie by idly and allow themselves to receive a transplant using chimpanzee organs. As a matter of fact, American doctors tried using chimp organs in the 1960s, but in all cases the organs were totally unsuitable. The claim of 98% similarity between chimpanzees and humans is not only deceptive and misleading, but also scientifically incorrect. Today, scientists are finding more and more differences inDNAfrom humans and chimps. For instance, a 2002 research study proved that humanDNAwas at least 5% different from chimpanzees—and that number probably will continue to grow as we learn all of the details about humanDNA(Britten, 2002).In 1962, James Dewey Watson and Francis Harry Compton Crick received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their discovery concerning the molecular structure ofDNA. Just nine years earlier, in 1953, these two scientists had proposed the double helical structure ofDNA—the genetic material responsible for life. By demonstrating the molecular arrangement of four nucleotide base acids (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymidine—usually designated as A, G, C, and T) and how they combine, Watson and Crick opened the door for determining the genetic makeup of humans and animals. The field of molecular biology became invigorated with scientists who wanted to compare the proteins and nucleic acids of one species with those of another. Just thirteen short years after Watson and Crick received their famed Nobel Prize, the declaration was made “that the average human polypeptide is more than 99 percent identical to its chimpanzee counterpart” (King and Wilson, 1975, pp. 114-115). This genetic similarity in the proteins and nucleic acids, however, left a great paradox—why do we not look or act like chimpanzees if our genetic material is so similar? King and Wilson recognized the legitimacy of this quandary when they remarked: “The molecular similarity between chimpanzees and humans is extraordinary because they differ far more than many other sibling species in anatomy and life” (p. 113). Nevertheless, the results were exactly what evolutionists were looking for, and as such, the claim has reverberated through the halls of science for decades as evidence that humans evolved from an ape-like ancestor.One year following Watson and Crick’s Nobel ceremony, chemist Emile Zuckerkandl observed that the protein sequence of hemoglobin in humans and the gorilla differed by only 1 out of 287 amino acids. Zuckerkandl noted: “From the point of view of hemoglobin structure, it appears that the gorilla is just an abnormal human, or man an abnormal gorilla, and the two species form actually one continuous population” (1963, p. 247). The molecular and genetic evidence only strengthened the evolutionary foundation for those who testified of our alleged primate ancestors. Professor of physiology Jared Diamond even titled one of his books The Third Chimpanzee, thereby viewing the human species as just another big mammal. From all appearances, it seemed that evolutionists had won a battle—humans were more than 98% identical to chimpanzees. However, after spending a lifetime looking for evidence of evolution within molecular structures, biochemist Christian Schwabe was forced to admit:Molecular evolution is about to be accepted as a method superior to paleontology for the discovery of evolutionary relationships. As a molecular evolutionist, I should be elated. Instead it seems disconcerting that many exceptions exist to the orderly progression of species as determined by molecular homologies; so many in fact that I think the exception, the quirks, may carry the more important message (1986, p. 280, emp. added).In 2003, the completed human genome study is scheduled to be published. Before this massive project was created, scientists estimated that humans possessed 90,000 to 100,000 genes (a gene is a section ofDNAthat is a basic unit of heredity, while the genome constitutes the total genetic composition of an organism). With preliminary data from the genome project now in hand, scientists believe that the actual number of genes is around 70,000 (Shouse, 2002, 295:1447). It appears that only about 1.5% of the human genome consists of genes, which code for proteins. These genes are clustered in small regions that contain sizable amounts of “non-coding”DNA(frequently referred to as “junk DNA”) between the clusters. The function of these non-coding regions is only now being determined. These findings indicate that even if all of the human genes were different from those of a chimpanzee, the DNA still could be 98.5 percent similar if the “junk” DNA of humans and chimpanzees were identical.Jonathan Marks, (department of anthropology, University of California, Berkeley) has pointed out the often-overlooked problem with this “similarity” line of thinking.BecauseDNAis a linear array of those four bases—A,G,C, and T—only four possibilities exist at any specific point in aDNA sequence. The laws of chance tell us that two random sequences from species that have no ancestry in common will match at about one in every four sites. Thus even two unrelatedDNA sequences will be 25 percent identical, not 0 percent identical (2000, p. B-7).Therefore a human and any earthlyDNA-based life form must be at least 25% identical. Would it be correct, then, to state that daffodils are “one-quarter human”? The idea that a flower is one-quarter human is neither profound nor enlightening; it is outlandishly ridiculous! There is hardly any biological comparison that could be conducted that would make daffodils human—except perhapsDNA.Marks went on to concede:Moreover, the genetic comparison is misleading because it ignores qualitative differences among genomes.... Thus, even among such close relatives as human and chimpanzee, we find that the chimp’s genome is estimated to be about 10 percent larger than the human’s; that one human chromosome contains a fusion of two small chimpanzee chromosomes; and that the tips of each chimpanzee chromosome contain aDNA sequence that is not present in humans (B-7, emp. added).The truth is, if we consider the absolute amount of genetic material when comparing primates and humans, the 1-2% difference in DNA represents approximately 80 million different nucleotides (compared to the 3-4 billion nucleotides that make up the entire human genome). To help make this number understandable, consider the fact that if evolutionists had to pay you one penny for every nucleotide in that 1-2% difference between the human and the chimp, you would walk away with $800,000. Given those proportions, 1-2% does not appear so small, does it?CHROMOSOMAL COUNTSIt would make sense that, if humans and chimpanzees were genetically identical, then the manner in which they store DNA also would be similar. Yet it is not.DNA, the fundamental blueprint of life, is tightly compacted into chromosomes. All cells that possess a nucleus contain a specific number of chromosomes. Common sense would seem to necessitate that organisms that share a common ancestry would possess the same number of chromosomes. However, chromosome numbers in living organisms vary from 308 in the black mulberry (Morus nigra) to six in animals such as the mosquito (Culex pipiens) or nematode worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) [see Sinnot, et al., 1958]. Additionally, complexity does not appear to affect the chromosomal number. The radiolaria (a simple protozoon) has over 800, while humans possess 46. Chimpanzees, on the other hand, have 48 chromosomes. A strict comparison of chromosome numbers would indicate that we are more closely related to the Chinese muntjac (a small deer found in Taiwan’s mountainous regions), which also has 46 chromosomes.This hurdle of differing numbers of chromosomes may appear trivial, but we must remember that chromosomes contain genes, which themselves are composed of DNA spirals. If the blueprint of DNA locked inside the chromosomes codes for only 46 chromosomes, then how can evolution account for the loss of two entire chromosomes? The task of DNA is to continually reproduce itself. If we infer that this change in chromosome number occurred through evolution, then we are asserting that the DNA locked in the original number of chromosomes did not do its job correctly or efficiently. Considering that each chromosome carries a number of genes, losing chromosomes does not make sense physiologically, and probably would prove deadly for new species. No respectable biologist would suggest that by removing one (or more) chromosomes, a new species likely would be produced. To remove even one chromosome would potentially remove the DNA codes for millions of vital body factors. Eldon Gardner summed it up as follows: “Chromosome number is probably more constant, however, than any other single morphological characteristic that is available for species identification” (1968, p. 211). To put it another way, humans always have had 46 chromosomes, whereas chimps always have had 48.REAL GENOMIC DIFFERENCESOne of the downfalls of previous molecular genetic studies has been the limit at which chimpanzees and humans could be compared accurately. Scientists often would use only 30 or 40 known proteins or nucleic acid sequences, and then from those extrapolate their results for the entire genome. Today, however, we have the majority of the human genome sequences, practically all of which have been released and made public. This allows scientists to compare every single nucleotide base pair between humans and primates—something that was not possible prior to the human genome project. In January 2002, a study was published in which scientists had constructed and analyzed a first-generation human chimpanzee comparative genomic map. This study compared the alignments of 77,461 chimpanzee bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) end sequences to human genomic sequences. Fujiyama and colleagues “detected candidate positions, including two clusters on human chromosome 21, that suggest large, nonrandom regions of differences between the two genomes” (2002, 295:131). In other words, the comparison revealed some “large” differences between the genomes of chimps and humans.Amazingly, the authors found that only 48.6% of the whole human genome matched chimpanzee nucleotide sequences. [Only 4.8% of the human Y chromosome could be matched to chimpanzee sequences.] This study compared the alignments of 77,461 chimpanzee sequences to human genomic sequences obtained from public databases. Of these, 36,940 end sequences were unable to be mapped to the human genome (295:131). Almost 15,000 of those sequences that did not match human sequences were speculated to “correspond to unsequenced human regions or are from chimpanzee regions that have diverged substantially from humans or did not match for other unknown reasons” (295:132). While the authors noted that the quality and usefulness of the map should “increasingly improve as the finishing of the human genome sequence proceeds” (295:134), the data already support what creationists have said for years—the 98-99% figure representing DNAsimilarity is grossly misleading, as revealed in a study carried out by Roy Britten of the California Institute of Technology (see Britten, 2002).Exactly how misleading came to light in an article—“Jumbled DNA Separates Chimps and Humans”—published in the October 25, 2002 issue of Science. The first three sentences of the article, written by Elizabeth Pennisi (a staff writer for Science), represented a “that was then, this is now” type of admission of defeat. She wrote:For almost 30 years, researchers have asserted that the DNAof humans and chimps is at least 98.5% identical. Now research reported here last week at the American Society for Human Genetics meeting suggests that the two primate genomes might not be quite as similar after all. A closer look has uncovered nips and tucks of homologous sections of DNA that weren’t noticed in previous studies (298:719, emp. added).Genomicists Kelly Frazer and David Cox of Perlegen Sciences in Mountain View, California, along with geneticists Evan Eichler and Devin Locke of Case Western University in Cleveland, Ohio, compared human and chimp DNA, and discovered a wide range of insertions and deletions (anywhere from between 200 bases to 10,000 bases). Cox commented: “The implications could be profound, because such genetic hiccups could disable entire genes, possibly explaining why our closest cousin seems so distant” (as quoted in Pennisi, 298:721).Britten analyzed chimp and human genomes with a customized computer program. To quote Pennisi’s article:He compared 779,000 bases of chimp DNA with the sequences of the human genome, both found in the public repository GenBank. Single-base changes accounted for 1.4% of the differences between the human and chimp genomes, and insertions and deletions accounted for an additional 3.4%, he reported in the 15 October [2002] Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Locke’s and Frazer’s groups didn’t commit to any new estimates of the similarity between the species, but both agree that the previously accepted 98.5% mark is too high (298:721, emp. added).While Locke’s and Frazer’s team was unwilling to commit to any new estimate of the similarity between chimps and humans, Britten was not. In fact, he titled his article in the October 15, 2002 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, “Divergence between Samples of Chimpanzee and Human DNA sequences is 5%” (Britten, 99:13633-13635). In the abstract accompanying the article, he wrote: “The conclusion is that the old saw that we share 98.5% of our DNA sequence with chimpanzee is probably in error. For this sample, a better estimate would be that 95% of the base pairs are exactly shared between chimpanzee and human DNA” (99:13633, emp. added). The news service at New Scientist | Science news and science articles from New Scientist reported the event as follows:It has long been held that we share 98.5 per cent of our genetic material with our closest relatives. That now appears to be wrong. In fact, we share less than 95 per cent of our genetic material, a three-fold increase in the variation between us and chimps.The new value came to light when Roy Britten of the California Institute of Technology became suspicious about the 98.5 per cent figure. Ironically, that number was originally derived from a technique that Britten himself developed decades ago at Caltech with colleague Dave Kohne. By measuring the temperature at which matching DNA of two species comes apart, you can work out how different they are. But the technique only picks up a particular type of variation, called a single base substitution. These occur whenever a single “letter” differs in corresponding strands of DNA from the two species.But there are two other major types of variation that the previous analyses ignored. “Insertions” occur whenever a whole section of DNA appears in one species but not in the corresponding strand of the other. Likewise, “deletions” mean that a piece of DNA is missing from one species.Together, they are termed “indels,” and Britten seized his chance to evaluate the true variation between the two species when stretches of chimp DNA were recently published on the internet by teams from the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, and from the University of Oklahoma.When Britten compared five stretches of chimp DNAwith the corresponding pieces of human DNA, he found that single base substitutions accounted for a difference of 1.4 per cent, very close to the expected figure.But he also found that the DNA of both species was littered with indels. His comparisons revealed that they add around another 4.0 per cent to the genetic differences (see Coghlan, 2002, emp. added).It seems that, as time passes and scientific studies increase, humans appear to be less like chimps after all. In a separate study, Barbulescu and colleagues also uncovered another major difference in the genomes of primates and humans. In their article “A HERV-K Provirus in Chimpanzees, Bonobos, and Gorillas, but not Humans,” the authors wrote: “These observations provide very strong evidence that, for some fraction of the genome, chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas are more closely related to each other than they are to humans” (2001, 11:779, emp. added). The data from these results go squarely against what evolutionists have contended for decades—that chimpanzees are closer genetically to humans than they are to gorillas. Another study using interspecies representational difference analysis (RDA) between humans and gorillas revealed gorilla-specific DNA sequences (Toder, et al., 2001)—that is, gorillas possess sequences of DNA that are not found in humans. The authors of this study suggested that sequences found in gorillas but not humans “could represent either ancient sequences that got lost in other species, such as human and orang-utan, or, more likely, recent sequences which evolved or originated specifically in the gorilla genome” (9:431).The differences between chimpanzees and humans are not limited to genomic variances. In 1998, a structural difference between the cell surfaces of humans and apes was detected. After studying tissues and blood samples from the great apes, and sixty humans from various ethnic groups, Muchmore and colleagues discovered that human cells are missing a particular form of sialic acid (a type of sugar) found in all other mammals (1998, 107[2]:187). This sialic acid molecule is found on the surface of every cell in the body, and is thought to carry out multiple cellular tasks. This seemingly “miniscule” difference can have far-reaching effects, and might explain why surgeons were unable to transplant chimp organs into humans in the 1960s. With this in mind, we never should declare, with a simple wave of the hand, “chimps are almost identical to us” simply because of a large genetic overlap.CONCLUSIONHomology (or similarity) does not prove common ancestry. The entire genome of the tiny nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) also has been sequenced as a tangential study to the human genome project. Of the 5,000 best-known human genes, 75% have matches in the worm (see “A Tiny Worm Challenges Evolution”). Does this mean that we are 75% identical to a nematode worm? Just because living creatures share some genes with humans does not mean there is a linear ancestry. Biologist John Randall admitted this when he wrote:The older textbooks on evolution make much of the idea of homology, pointing out the obvious resemblances between the skeletons of the limbs of different animals. Thus the “pentadactyl” [five bone—BH/BT] limb pattern is found in the arm of a man, the wing of a bird, and flipper of a whale—and this is held to indicate their common origin. Now if these various structures were transmitted by the same gene couples, varied from time to time by mutations and acted upon by environmental selection, the theory would make good sense. Unfortunately this is not the case. Homologous organs are now known to be produced by totally different gene complexes in the different species. The concept of homology in terms of similar genes handed on from a common ancestor has broken down... (as quoted in Fix, 1984, p.189).Yet textbooks and teachers still continue to proclaim that humans and chimps are 98% genetically identical. The evidence clearly demonstrates vast molecular differences—differences that can be attributed to the fact that humans, unlike animals, were created in the image and likeness of God (Genesis 1:26-27; see Lyons and Thompson, 2002a, 2002b). Elaine Morgan commented on this difference.Considering the very close genetic relationship that has been established by comparison of biochemical properties of blood proteins, protein structure and DNA and immunological responses, the differences between a man and a chimpanzee are more astonishing than the resemblances. They include structural differences in the skeleton, the muscles, the skin, and the brain; differences in posture associated with a unique method of locomotion; differences in social organization; and finally the acquisition of speech and tool-using, together with the dramatic increase in intellectual ability which has led scientists to name their own species Homo sapiens sapiens—wise wise man. 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