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The lindbergh baby kidnapping.One of the many unsolved cases still trying to be solved to this day.I learned about this topic in only the fitfh grade. We were going to be working on a project about unsolved mysteries. There were several topics, I forgot because it was three years ago, but I chose the lindbergh baby kidnapping and I can never forget about it.Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr., 20-month-old son, (yes only 20 months year old. He was a one year old, not even two yet.) of the famous aviator and Anne Morrow Lindbergh, was kidnapped about 9:00 p.m., on March 1st, 1932, from the nursery on the second floor of the Lindbergh home near Hopewell, New Jersey. The child’s nurse, Betty Gow, discovered the absense of the baby a little later and notified the parents immediatly. They also found a ransom note demanding $50,000 if they ever wanted to see their son again.During the search at the kidnapping scene, traces of mud were found on the floor of the nursery. Footprints, impossible to measure, were found under the nursery window. Two sections of the ladder had been used in reaching the window, one of the two sections was split or broken where it joined the other, indicating that the ladder had broken during the ascent or descent. There were no blood stains in or about the nursery, nor were there any fingerprints.Household and estate employees were questioned and investigated. Colonel Lindbergh asked friends to communicate with the kidnappers, and they made widespread appeals for the kidnappers to start negotiations. Various underworld characters were dealt with in attempts to contact the kidnappers, and numerous clues were advanced and exhausted.A second ransom note was received by Colonel Lindbergh on March 6, 1932, (postmarked Brooklyn, New York, March 4), in which the ransom demand was increased to $70,000. A police conference was then called by the governor at Trenton, New Jersey, which was attended by prosecuting officials, police authorities, and government representatives. Various theories and policies of procedure were discussed. Private investigators also were employed by Colonel Lindbergh’s attorney, Colonel Henry Breckenridge.real photo of the ransom note ^^The third ransom note was received by Colonel Lindbergh’s attorney on March 8, informing that an intermediary appointed by the Lindberghs would not be accepted and requesting a note in a newspaper. On the same date, Dr. John F. Condon, Bronx, New York City, a retired school principal, published in the “Bronx Home News” an offer to act as go-between and to pay an additional $1,000 ransom. The following day the fourth ransom note was received by Dr. Condon, which indicated he would be acceptable as a go-between. This was approved by Colonel Lindbergh. About March 10, 1932, Dr. Condon received $70,000 in cash as ransom, and immediately started negotiations for payment through newspaper columns, using the code name “Jafsie.”About 8:30 p.m., on March 12, after receiving an anonymous telephone call, Dr. Condon received the fifth ransom note, delivered by Joseph Perrone, a taxicab driver, who received it from an unidentified stranger. The message stated that another note would be found beneath a stone at a vacant stand, 100 feet from an outlying subway station. This note, the sixth, was found by Condon, as indicated. Following instructions therein, the doctor met an unidentified man, who called himself “John,” at Woodlawn Cemetery, near 233rd Street and Jerome Avenue. They discussed payment of the ransom money. The stranger agreed to furnish a token of the child’s identity. Condon was accompanied by a bodyguard, except while talking to “John.” During the next few days, Dr. Condon repeated his advertisements, urging further contact and stating his willingness to pay the ransom.A baby’s sleeping suit, as a token of identity, and a seventh ransom note were received by Dr. Condon on March 16. The suit was delivered to Colonel Lindbergh and later identified. Condon continued his advertisements. The eighth ransom note was received by Condon on March 21, insisting on complete compliance and advising that the kidnapping had been planned for a year.On March 29, Betty Gow, the Lindbergh nurse, found the infant’s thumb guard, worn at the time of the kidnapping, near the entrance to the estate. The following day the ninth ransom note was received by Condon, threatening to increase the demand to $100,000 and refusing a code for use in newspaper columns. The tenth ransom note, received by Dr. Condon, on April 1, 1932 instructed him to have the money ready the following night, to which Condon replied by an ad in the Press. The eleventh ransom note was delivered to Condon on April 2, 1932, by an unidentified taxi driver who said he received it from an unknown man. Dr. Condon found the twelfth ransom note under a stone in front of a greenhouse at 3225 East Tremont Avenue, Bronx, New York, as instructed in the eleventh note.Shortly thereafter, on the same evening, by following the instructions contained in the twelfth note, Condon again met whom he believed to be “John” to reduce the demand to $50,000. This amount was handed to the stranger in exchange for a receipt and the thirteenth note, containing instructions to the effect that the kidnapped child could be found on a boat named “Nellie” near Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts. The stranger then walked north into the park woods. The following day an unsuccessful search for the baby was made near Martha’s Vineyard. The search was later repeated. Dr. Condon was positive that he would recognize “John” if he ever saw him again.On May 12, 1932, the body of the kidnapped baby was accidentally found, partly buried, and badly decomposed, about four and a half miles southeast of the Lindbergh home, 45 feet from the highway, near Mount Rose, New Jersey, in Mercer County. The discovery was made by William Allen, an assistant on a truck driven by Orville Wilson. The head was crushed, there was a hole in the skull and some of the body members were missing. The body was positively identified and cremated at Trenton, New Jersey, on May 13, 1932. The Coroner’s examination showed that the child had been dead for about two months and that death was caused by a blow on the head.The Investigation: 1932-1934On March 2, 1932, after a conference with the Attorney General, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover had contacted the headquarters of the New Jersey State Police at Trenton, New Jersey. He officially informed the organization that the U.S. Department of Justice would afford Colonel H. Norman Schwarzkopf, the Superintendent of the New Jersey State Police, the assistance and cooperation of the FBI in bringing about the apprehension of the parties responsible for the kidnapping. He advised the New Jersey State Police that they could call upon the Bureau for any facilities or resources which the latter might be capable of extending. The special agent in charge of the New York City Office of the Bureau, which at that time covered the New Jersey district, was instructed accordingly and, upon instructions from the Director, the special agent in charge communicated with the New Jersey State Police and the New York City Police, offering any assistance which the Bureau might be able to lend in this matter.During the next few weeks the Bureau was acting merely in an auxiliary capacity, there being no federal jurisdiction. However, on May 13, 1932, the President directed that all governmental investigative agencies should place themselves at the disposal of the state of New Jersey and that the FBI should serve as a clearinghouse and coordinating agency for all investigations in this case conducted by federal investigative units.On May 23, 1932, the FBI in New York City informed banks in greater New York that the Bureau was the coordinating agency for all governmental activity in the case. A close watch for ransom money was requested.The New Jersey State Police announced on May 26, 1932, the offer of a reward not to exceed $25,000 for information resulting in the apprehension and conviction of the kidnapper or kidnappers. In compliance with a request made by Colonel Schwarzkopf, copies of this notice of reward were forwarded by the FBI to all law enforcement officials and agencies throughout the United States.On June 10, 1932, Violet Sharpe, a waitress in the home of Mrs. Lindbergh’s mother, Mrs. Dwight Morrow, who had been under investigation by the authorities, committed suicide by swallowing poison when she was about to be requestioned. However, her movements on the night of March 1, 1932, had been carefully checked and it was soon definitely ascertained that she had no connection with the abduction.In September, 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt stated in a meeting with Director Hoover that all work on the case be centralized in the Department of Justice. He requested the Director to convey his views to Attorney General Cummings with the suggestion that the Attorney General make a request of the Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), either through the President or directly, for a detailed report of all work performed by the IRS Intelligence Unit. On October 19, 1933, it was officially announced that the FBI would have exclusive jurisdiction in so far as the Federal Government was concerned in the handling of any investigative features of the case.The President’s Proclamation requiring the return to the Treasury of all gold and gold certificates was a valuable aid in the case, inasmuch as $40,000 of the ransom money had been paid in gold certificates and, at the time of the Proclamation, a large portion of this money was known to be outstanding. Therefore, this phase of the investigation was emphasized.On January 17, 1934, a circular letter was issued by the New York City Bureau Office to all banks and their branches in New York City, requesting an extremely close watch for the ransom certificates and, in February 1934, all Bureau Offices were supplied with copies of the Bureau’s revised pamphlet containing the serial numbers of ransom bills. The New York City Bureau Office distributed copies of this pamphlet to each employee handling currency in banks, clearinghouses, grocery stores in certain selected communities, insurance companies, gasoline filling stations, airports, department stores, post offices, and telegraph companies.Following the distribution of these booklets containing the serial number of the ransom currency, there were also prepared and similarly distributed by the Bureau currency key cards which, in convenient form, set forth the inclusive serial numbers of all of the ransom notes which had been paid. This was followed by frequent personal contacts with bank officials and with individual employees in an effort to keep alive their interest.Prior to this time, the passing of ransom bills had been reported to either the FBI, the New Jersey State Police, or the New York City Police Department, none of which had complete information on this point. Therefore, arrangements were effected whereby investigation of all such ransom bills detected in the future could be immediately conducted jointly by representatives of the three interested agencies.One of the by-products of the case was a mass of misinformation received from well-meaning but uninformed, highly imaginative individuals, and a deluge of letters written by demented persons, publicity seekers, and frauds. It was essential, however, that all possible clues, regardless of the prospect of success, be carefully followed, and it was impossible in the vast majority of instances to determine at the inception whether they would be material or false.On March 4, 1932, a con man named Gaston B. Means was approached by Mrs. Evalyn Walsh McLean, of Washington, D.C., who felt that she might be of material assistance to Colonel Lindbergh in procuring the return of his child. Mrs. McLean had become acquainted with Means as a result of some investigative work which means had performed for her husband some years before. Means informed her that he felt certain he could secure a contact with the kidnappers inasmuch as he had been invited to participate in a “big kidnapping” some weeks before but had declined. Means claimed that his friend was responsible for the Lindbergh kidnapping. The following day, Means reported to Mrs. McLean that he had made a contact with the persons who had the child. He successfully induced Mrs. McLean to hand over to him $100,000, to be used in paying the ransom which he said had been doubled. Until April 17, 1932, he kept Mrs. McLean waiting, daily expecting the return of the child. During this period, he purported to be effecting negotiations with the alleged leader of the kidnappers, whom he called “The Fox.” Mrs. McLean finally requested the return of the $100,000 and additional money which she had advanced him for “expenses.” When he failed to do so, the case was turned over to the FBI. Means and “The Fox,” who was found to be Norman T. Whitaker, a disbarred Washington attorney, were apprehended, and Means was later convicted of embezzlement and larceny after trust, and sentenced to serve 15 years in a federal penitentiary. Whitaker and Means were later convicted of conspiracy to defraud, and were sentenced to serve two years each in a federal penitentiary.There were other attempted frauds which required extensive investigations before they could be completely eliminated from consideration in connection with the Lindbergh case.In all, there were literally thousands of leads in all sections of the United States which were followed to their definite conclusions by the Bureau. The results of all these investigations, no matter how trivial, were reported. The activities of the known and suspected members of the so-called “Purple Gang” of Detroit, and various rumors and allegations concerning this gang were carefully and thoroughly investigated. Numerous registries of boats were examined in a fruitless endeavor to locate the boat “Nellie,” on which the baby was to have been found according to the 13th and last ransom note handed to Dr. Condon at the time he paid the ransom money to “John.” Records of cemetery employees who were employed in various cemeteries in certain sections of New York City and near Hopewell, New Jersey, were examined. Information accumulated in various other kidnapping and extortion cases handled by the FBI was examined in closest detail and studied with particular reference to any bearing they might have upon the solution of the Lindbergh case. Hundreds of photographs and descriptive data of known criminals of all types and other possible suspects were exhibited to the few eye-witnesses in this case in an endeavor to identify the mysterious “John.”On May 2, 1933, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York discovered 296 ten-dollar gold certificates, and one $20 gold certificate, all Lindbergh ransom notes. These bills were included among the currency received at the Federal Reserve Bank on May 1, 1933, and apparently had been made in one deposit. Immediately upon the discovery of these bills, deposit tickets at the Federal Reserve Bank for May 1, 1933, were examined. One was found bearing the name and address of “J.J. Faulkner, 537 West 149th Street,” and had marked thereon “gold certificates,” “$10 and $20” in the amount of $2,980. Despite extensive investigation, this depositor was never located.Examination of the ransom notes by handwriting experts resulted in a virtually unanimous opinion that all the notes were written by the same person and that the writer was of German nationality but had spent some time in America. Dr. Condon described “John” as Scandinavian, and believing he could identify the man, spent considerable time in viewing the numerous photographs of possible suspects and known criminals. In this connection, the FBI retained the services of an artist to prepare a portrait of “John” from descriptions furnished by Dr. Condon and Joseph Perrone, the taxi cab driver who had delivered one of the ransom letters to Dr. Condon.In a further endeavor to identify the individual who received the ransom payment, representatives of the New York City Bureau Office engaged Dr. Condon to prepare a transcript of all conversations had by him with “John” on March 12 and April 2, 1932, the dates on which Dr. Condon personally contacted the kidnapper in order to negotiate the return of the child and the payment of the ransom. These conversations were, during March, 1934, transcribed in detail on phonograph records by Dr. Condon who imitated the pronunciations and dialect of “John.” In this manner the nationality, education, mentality, and character of the kidnapper were more clearly defined and permanently preserved for future use.Another interesting attempt to identify the kidnapper centered around the ladder used in the crime. Police quickly realized that it was crudely built, but built nonetheless by someone familiar with wood who was mechanically inclined. The ladder had been thoroughly examined for fingerprints and had been exhibited to builders, carpenters, and neighbors of the Lindberghs in vain. Slivers of the ladder even had been analyzed, and the types of wood used in the ladder had been identified. Perhaps a complete examination of the ladder by itself by a wood expert would yield additional clues, and in early 1933, such an expert was called in—Arthur Koehler of the Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture.Koehler disassembled the ladder and painstakingly identified the types of wood used and examined tool marks. He also looked at the pattern made by nailholes, for it appeared likely that some wood had been used before in indoor construction. Koehler made field trips to the Lindbergh estate and to factories to trace some of the wood. He summarized his findings in a report, and later played a critical role in the trial of the kidnapper.Hauptmann is LocatedA series of ransom notes following the kidnapping of the Lindbergh baby led to a meeting between Dr. John Condon, a representative of the Lindbergh family, and a mysterious man named “John.” An artist sketch of “John” was developed from the verbal description of Dr. Condon and proved to be very similar to Bruno Richard Hauptmann, who was ultimately arrested on September 19, 1934 following a massive investigation led by the New Jersey State Police and supported by the FBI.A series of ransom notes following the kidnapping led to a meeting between Dr. John Condon, a representative of the Lindbergh family, and a mysterious man named “John.” An artist sketch of “John” was developed from the verbal description of Dr. Condon and proved to be very similar to Bruno Richard Hauptmann (right), who was arrested on September 19, 1934.For a period of seven months prior to August 20, 1934, no gold certificates were discovered except for those received in the Federal Reserve Bank, previously mentioned. Starting on August 20, 1934, and extending into September, a total of 16 gold certificates were discovered, most of them in the vicinity of Yorkville and Harlem. The long-awaited opportunity had finally arrived. As each bill was recovered, a colored pin marking the location of the recovered bill was inserted in a large map of the Metropolitan Area, thus indicating the movements of the individual or individuals who might be passing the ransom money. When the first few made their appearance, it was decided to concentrate on gold certificates, as experience had proven the futility of tracing the ordinary currency included in the ransom money. In keeping with the cooperative policy previously established with the New Jersey State Police and the New York City Police Department, teams composed of a representative of each of these police agencies and a special agent of the Bureau were organized to personally contact all banks in Greater New York and Westchester County. As a result, the various neighborhood banks discovered the bills close to the point at which they were passed, and it then became possible for the investigators to trace the bills to the person who had originally passed them. For the first time in the history of the case, the investigators succeeded in finding that the description of the individual passing these bills fit exactly that of “John” as described by Dr. Condon. It was determined through the investigation that the bills were being passed principally at corner produce stores.About 1:20 p.m. on September 18, 1934, the assistant manager of the Corn Exchange Bank and Trust Company, at 125th Street and Park Avenue, New York City, telephoned the New York City Bureau Office to advise that a $10 gold certificate had been discovered a few minutes previously by one of the tellers in that bank. It was soon ascertained that this bill had been received at the bank from a gasoline station located at 127th Street and Lexington Avenue, New York City. On September 15, 1934, an alert attendant had received a bill in payment for five gallons of gasoline from a man whose description fitted closely that of the individual who had passed other bills in recent weeks. The filling station attendant, being suspicious of the $10 gold certificate, recorded on the bill the license number of the automobile driven by the purchaser. This license number was issued to Bruno Richard Hauptmann, 1279 East 222nd Street, Bronx, New York.Hauptmann’s house was closely surveilled by federal and local authorities throughout the night of September 18, 1934, until at approximately 9:00 a.m. on September 19, 1934, an individual, closely fitting the description of “John,” as supplied by Dr. Condon, and the description of the purchaser of the gasoline, as supplied by the service station attendant, left his house and entered his automobile parked nearby. He was promptly taken into custody by representatives of the three interested agencies.After some investigating, he was found to be Bruno Richard Hauptmann, the individual to whom the automobile license had been issued, a German carpenter who had been in this country for approximately 11 years. A $20 gold ransom certificate was found on his person. His description fitted perfectly that of “John” as described by Dr. Condon, and in his house was found a pair of shoes which had been purchased with a $20 ransom bill recovered on September 8, 1934. Hauptmann admitted several other purchases which had been made with ransom certificates. On the night of September 19, 1934, he was positively identified by Joseph Perrone as the individual from whom he had received the fifth ransom note to be delivered to Dr. Condon. The following day, ransom certificates in excess of $13,000 were found secreted in the garage of Hauptmann’s residence. Shortly thereafter, he was identified by Dr. Condon as “John” to whom the ransom had been paid. It was also ascertained that he was in possession of a Dodge sedan automobile which answered the description of that seen in the vicinity of the Lindbergh home the day prior to the kidnapping.A painstaking analysis of Hauptmann’s handwriting by the Bureau’s new crime lab showed a remarkable similarity between the lettering of the author of the ransom notes and of Hauptmann. This evidence proved valuable in helping to convict Hauptmann of the murder.A painstaking analysis of Hauptmann’s handwriting by the Bureau’s new crime lab showed a remarkable similarity between the lettering of the author of the ransom notes and of Hauptmann.Shortly after his apprehension, specimens of Hauptmann’s handwriting were flown to Washington, D.C., where a study was made of them in the FBI Laboratory. A comparison of the writing appearing on the ransom notes with that of the specimens disclosed remarkable similarities in inconspicuous, personal characteristics and writing habits, which resulted in a positive identification by the handwriting experts of the Laboratory. Upon the apprehension of Hauptmann, it was found that he bore a striking resemblance to the portrait of “John” which had previously been prepared from descriptions furnished by Dr. Condon and Joseph Perrone.Further investigation developed that Hauptmann, 35 years old, was a native of Saxony, Germany. He had a criminal record for robbery and had spent time in prison. Early in July 1923, he stowed away aboard the SSHanover at Bremen, Germany, and arrived in the Port of New York City on July 13, 1923. He was arrested and deported immediately. After another failed attempt at entry in August, Hauptman successfully entered the United States in November 1923, on board the George Washington. On October 10, 1925, Hauptmann married Anna Schoeffler, a New York City waitress. A son, Manfried, was born to them in 1933. During his illegal stay in New York City and until the spring of 1932, Hauptmann followed his occupation of carpenter. However, a short while after March 1, 1932, the date of the kidnapping, Hauptmann began to trade rather extensively in stocks and never worked again.Indictment, Trial, and ExecutionHauptmann was indicted in the Supreme Court, Bronx County, New York, on charges of extortion on September 26, 1934, and on October 8, 1934, in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, he was indicted for murder. Two days later, the Governor of the State of New York honored the requisition of the Governor of the State of New Jersey for the surrender of Bruno Richard Hauptmann and on October 19, 1934, he was removed to the Hunterdon County Jail, Flemington, New Jersey, to await trial.The trial of Hauptmann began on January 3, 1935, at Flemington, New Jersey, and lasted five weeks. The case against him was based on circumstantial evidence. Tool marks on the ladder matched tools owned by Hauptmann. Wood in the ladder was found to match wood used as flooring in his attic. Dr. Condon’s telephone number and address were found scrawled on a door frame inside a closet. Handwriting on the ransom notes matched samples of Hauptmann’s handwriting.Lindbergh takes the witness stand during the 1935 trial of Hauptmann in Flemington, New Jersey. Hauptmann was found guilty on February 13, 1935. Photo courtesy of the Library of Congress.Lindbergh takes the witness stand during the 1935 trial of Hauptmann in Flemington, New Jersey. On February 13, 1935, the jury returned a verdict. Hauptmann was guilty of murder in the first degree. The sentence: death. The defense appealed.The Supreme Court of the State of New Jersey on October 9, 1935, upheld the verdict of the Lower Court. Hauptmann’s appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States was denied on December 9, 1935, and he was to be electrocuted on January 17, 1936. However, on this same day the Governor of the State of New Jersey granted a 30-day reprieve and on February 17, 1936, Hauptmann was resentenced, to be electrocuted during the week of March 30, 1936. On March 30, 1936, the Pardon Court of the State of New Jersey denied Hauptmann’s petition for clemency, and on April 3, 1936, at 8:47 p.m., Bruno Richard Hauptmann was electrocuted. Now since Hauptmann never admitted to the crime, they just assume that he was the person responsible. People are still making theories of who it could be, some people say it was the baby’s nurse, or it was the father. But now it’s too late to find out. But the person who killed Charles is a sick monster who killed an innocent baby out of greed and for money. It makes me ashamed to be a human being.Sorry for it being so long. If you read all this way, thank you :).Stay hydrated,Sofia <3

Please brace yourselves for a long answer.Index:Countries with “The” in their abbreviated namesEnclaves and exclaves: covering countries, parts of countries and special casesCountries with name having “And” in abbreviated/official namesGuineasCountries named after rivers and Countries named after peopleCaliforniasPlaces with same names as the entities they are inPlaces having “New” in their name and the story behind itThe United KingdomOverseas FranceTerritories of USARealm of New ZealandPlaces with very long namesThe Bahamas and The Gambia:There are two countries in the world that have the word “The” as a formal part of the abbreviated name: The Bahamas[1] and The Gambia[2]. They are officially known as Republic of the Gambia and Commonwealth of the Bahamas respectively.Location of The Bahamas (Source: The Bahamas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamas#/media/File:LocationBahamas.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamas#/media/File:LocationBahamas.svg) Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamas#/media/File:LocationBahamas.svg))Location of The Gambia (Source: The Gambia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia#/media/File:Gambia_(orthographic_projection_with_inset).svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia#/media/File:Gambia_(orthographic_projection_with_inset).svg) Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia#/media/File:Gambia_(orthographic_projection_with_inset).svg))Also, The Gambia is peculiar in that in its entirety, it is located on the two banks of the downstream half of Gambia river and its mouth.Enclaves and Exclaves:[3]There are three landlocked countries in the world entirely surrounded by just one country. They are called true enclaved countries:Vatican City State[4][5] surrounded by Italy, the smallest country in the worldRepublic of San Marino[6] surrounded by ItalyKingdom of Lesotho[7] surrounded by South Africa, which also is the only country lying completely more than 1000m above sea levelExclaves: There are some regions that belong to one country but are completely surrounded by one more foreign countries.Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, surrounded by Armenia, Iran and Turkey entirely, belongs to Azerbaijan[8]Llívia, belonging to Spain is entirely surrounded by France[9]Campione d'Italia belongs to Italy and is surrounded by Switzerland[10]Büsingen am Hochrhein belongs to Germany and is surrounded by Switzerland[11]Likoma and Chizumulu Islands in Lake Malawi are enclaves and exclaves of Malawi, surrounded by Mozambique territorial waters[12] [13]UAE presents a peculiar case regarding enclaves and exclave:Hatta in Dubai emirate borders Oman to the east and the south, the Ajmani exclave of Masfut to the west, and Ras al-Khaimah to the north[14]Masfut surrounded by Ras al-Khaimah, the Dubai exclave of Hatta, and Oman, is part of Ajman emirate[15]Nahwa, part of Sharjah emirate is enclaved by Omani territory of Madha, itself surrounded by Sharjah[16][17]. This is an example of counter-enclave.Map showing the non-contiguous Belgian exclaves of Baarle-Hertog in Netherlands which, in turn, has Dutch enclaves within it.Dutch municipality of Baarle-Nassau has seven exclaves in two exclaves of the Belgian municipality of Baarle-Hertog[18][19]Third Order Enclave: Dahala Khagrabari[20] was an Indian enclave belonging to the District of Cooch Behar in West Bengal. This was a piece of India within a piece of Bangladesh within a piece of India within Bangladesh.The name has and:There are 7 nations in the world that have “and” in their name, signifying that they are composed of 2 (or more) distinct regions:Bosnia and Herzegovina[21]→ Approximate borders between two modern-day regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia (marked dark brown) and Herzegovina (marked light brown) [Source: File:Bosna regija update.jpg - Wikipedia]Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe[22]: It consists of 2 archipelagos around the two main islands of São Tomé and Príncipe→ Source: File:São Tomé and Príncipe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_STP_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_STP_-_UNOCHA.svg) Location Map (2013) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_STP_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_STP_-_UNOCHA.svg) STP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_STP_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_STP_-_UNOCHA.svg) UNOCHA.svg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_STP_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_STP_-_UNOCHA.svg) Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_STP_-_UNOCHA.svg)Trinidad & Tobago (officially Republic of Trinidad and Tobago)[23]: It consists of two islands Trinidad and Tobago, ceded to Britain in 1802 under Treaty of Amiens as separate states and unified in 1889.→ Source:File:Trinidad and Tobago (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trinidad_and_Tobago_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_TTO_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trinidad_and_Tobago_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_TTO_-_UNOCHA.svg) Location Map (2013) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trinidad_and_Tobago_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_TTO_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trinidad_and_Tobago_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_TTO_-_UNOCHA.svg) TTO (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trinidad_and_Tobago_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_TTO_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trinidad_and_Tobago_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_TTO_-_UNOCHA.svg) UNOCHA.svg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trinidad_and_Tobago_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_TTO_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trinidad_and_Tobago_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_TTO_-_UNOCHA.svg) Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trinidad_and_Tobago_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_TTO_-_UNOCHA.svg)Saint Vincent & the Grenadines[24]→ Source: File:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_VCT_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_VCT_-_UNOCHA.svg) Location Map (2013) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_VCT_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_VCT_-_UNOCHA.svg) VCT (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_VCT_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_VCT_-_UNOCHA.svg) UNOCHA.svg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_VCT_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_VCT_-_UNOCHA.svg) Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_VCT_-_UNOCHA.svg)Antigua and Barbuda[25]: It is named after its major islands→ Source: File:Antigua and Barbuda (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antigua_and_Barbuda_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_ATG_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antigua_and_Barbuda_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_ATG_-_UNOCHA.svg) Location Map (2013) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antigua_and_Barbuda_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_ATG_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antigua_and_Barbuda_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_ATG_-_UNOCHA.svg) ATG (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antigua_and_Barbuda_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_ATG_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antigua_and_Barbuda_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_ATG_-_UNOCHA.svg) UNOCHA.svg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antigua_and_Barbuda_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_ATG_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antigua_and_Barbuda_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_ATG_-_UNOCHA.svg) Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antigua_and_Barbuda_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_ATG_-_UNOCHA.svg)Saint Kitts & Nevis (Federation of Saint Christopher & Nevis)[26]→ Source: File:Saint Kitts and Nevis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_KNA_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_KNA_-_UNOCHA.svg) Location Map (2013) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_KNA_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_KNA_-_UNOCHA.svg) KNA (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_KNA_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_KNA_-_UNOCHA.svg) UNOCHA.svg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_KNA_-_UNOCHA.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_KNA_-_UNOCHA.svg) Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_KNA_-_UNOCHA.svg)United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland→ The 4 countries of UKGBNI with 3 ltying on Great Britain island and the remaining one comprising northern part of Ireland island [Source: United Kingdom - Wikipedia]Guineas:Guinea is the traditional name of coastal western Africa. The historical colonies of French Guinea, Spanish Guinea and Portuguese Guinea gained independence in that order and subsequently named themselves after the region.French Guinea became Guinea[27] in 1958.Spanish Guinea became Equatorial Guinea[28] in 1968.Portuguese Guinea became Guinea-Bissau[29] in 1973; Bissau is its capital.New Guinea island was named after this region and subsequently gave the name to the country Papua New Guinea.[30][31]Whats in a name? An entire riverThere are many rivers whose names are source of names of places.Countries:Belize river - Belize[32][33]Paraguay river - Republic of Paraguay[34][35]Jordan river - Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan[36][37]Moldova river - Republic of Moldova[38][39]Uruguay river - Oriental Republic of Uruguay[40][41]Zambezi river - Republic of Zambia[42][43]Niger: Niger river[44] lends its name to 2 nations: Niger (Republic of the Niger)[45] and Nigeria (Federal Republic of Nigeria)[46], which are neighbours.The largest state in Nigeria is also called Niger.[47]Congo: Congo river[48] lends name to 2 nations: Democratic Republic of the Congo[49] and Republic of the Congo[50]. (No that is not a typo).The former Belgian colony of Congo, named Belgian Congo became Republic of the Congo[51] after its independence in 1960, renamed to Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1964, renamed to Zaire in 1971 with the Congo river’s named changed to Zaire[52], finally being renamed to Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1997.Senegal river - Senegal[53][54]Indus (Sindhu, Hindu): [55] Things get interesting here. In Saṁskr̥ta, the river is called Sindhu, in Avestan it was called Hindu which was adopted as the name of the region to east of it in Iran. The name was passed on to Greeks as Indus, lending its European name to the region as India.The present day country and the historical region India (and Hindustan) are named after the river, as is Indian Ocean, Indian Plate and Indian Subcontinent.The inhabitants of the region were called Hindus, and the name was applied to their collective faiths as well i.e. Hindu/Hinduism, now used in a much narrower sense. The language[56] developed as the intended lingua franca of the region was named Hindustani (later Hindavi, and finally Hindi — It is the official language of Republic of India but doesn’t have nationwide usage in terms of speakers)The Sindh province in Pakistan is also named after the river.When Columbus set sail, he was trying to find India. He mistook the region he landed on as India and subsequently the inhabitants were called Indians; the region was in fact Americas. The islands he landed on were later named West Indies (now Caribbean Basin) when the mistake was identified, and the original region as East Indies.[57][58] West Indies is also the name of the cricket team that represents the countries in that region.[59]Indonesia’s name means Indian islands - it is a country named after a country named after a river.Regions of countries:Bosna river is the source of the name of Bosnia region of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[60]Whats in a name? This time a personThere are many places named after people, usually cities like Gandhinagar, Washington etc. (Some have been discussed in one of the succeeding sections) There are countries named after people too.Americas and USA:The continents North America & South America and the country United States of America are all named after Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci, deriving from his first name’s Latin version - Americus.[61] Vespucci first demonstrated in about 1502 that Brazil and West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as initially conjectured from Columbus' voyages, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to Europeans.Countries named after local ruler/chieftains:Republic of Mozambique - Mussa Bin Bique, the 1st known ruler of the country[62]Kingdom of Eswatini (Swaziland) - King Mswati II[63]Republic of Uzbekistan - Sultan Mohammed Öz Beg, better known as Uzbeg or Ozbeg Khan[64]Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - The country is technically named after the founder Mohammad ibn Saud’s father Saud ibn Muhammad ibn Muqrin[65][66]Nicaragua - Nicarao, said to be the name of an indigenous chieftain who presided over a territory in southwestern Nicaragua during early 16th century CEBolivia and Venezuela (as in its official name: Bolivarian Republic of) - Simon Bolivar, Venezuelan military and political leader who played a leading role in establishment of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama as sovereign states, independent of Spanish ruleCountries named after European explorers/colonialists/rulers:USA has already been discussedThe Philippines - King Philip II of Spain[67][68]Colombia - Christopher Columbus[69]Mauritius - Maurice, Prince of Orange[70]Kiribati - British mariner Thomas Gilbert (The name is the pronunciation of Gilbert in the native language Gilbertese)[71]Seychelles - Jean Moreau de Séchelles, a French official and politician[72]Marshall Islands - British explorer John Marshall[73]Countries named after Abrahamic saints or legendary figures:El Salvador - The name means The Saviour, and refers to Jesus[74]The capital is named San Salvador, meaning Saint Saviour, also referring to JesusDominican Republic - Saint Dominic[75]Saint Lucia - Saint Lucy[76]San Marino - Saint Marinus[77]Solomon Islands - King Solomon of Israel and Judah[78]Israel - Jacob, also called Israel in Bible[79]Countries named after local legendary figures:The founding myth of Slavic countries involves three brothers - Rus, Czech and Lech who founded, respectively Russia, Czechia (Czech Republic) and Lechia (now called Poland)[80]Norway - Nór[81]Denmark - legendary king DanDemocratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe:São Tomé - Portuguese for Saint Thomas[82]Príncipe - Portuguese for Prince's island in honor of Afonso, Prince of Portugal[83]Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:Saint Vincent - Saint Vincent of Saragossa[84]Edit 16–12–2018Cook Islands[85]: James Cook[86], a British navigatorThis answer of mine: Aditya Garg (आदित्य गर्ग)'s answer to How many islands does India have? discusses the islands of India named after people as a part of it.So many places, same names:Victoria: [87] There are a hell lot of places named Victoria. The list seems endless, so I will llist only a few:Australia has Victoria state[88] and Province of Victoria[89] that happen to be neighborsVictoria, the capital of British Columbia, Canada[90]. [Please also see: List of electoral districts in Greater Victoria - Wikipedia]Hong Kong has Victoria city, Victoria harbour and Victoria peak [91][92][93]Lake Victoria, one of the African Great Lakes[94]The capital of Seychelles is called Victoria[95]There is a Victoria in each of the states Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Texas, West Virginia, Virginia and Missouri in USA.Kansas:[96]There is Kansas city in the state of Kansas, USAThere is also Kansas city in Missouri, and happens to be the state’s largest city.Then, there is Kansas city in OregonBirmingham:[97]Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England.There is Birmingham in each of Alabama, Connecticut, Kentucky, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey and Illinois, 2 in Pennsylvania and 3 in Ohio in USA.Virginia:[98]Virginia and West Virginia are states of USA. Then there is a place named Virginia in each of California, Illinois, Minnesota, Missouri and Nebraska. And there is Virginia Beach in Virginia state.There is Virginia in Queensland and in South Australia in AustraliaWashington:[99] The places named Washington are almost all named after George Washington, the 1st President of USA.The capital of USA is Washington D.C. There is a state of USA named Washington.Then there is 1 Washington each in Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia states and 2 in California. There are multiple Washington named places in Wisconsin state.[100]Image: The Californias (Source: The Californias - Wikipedia)The Californias:[101]The state of California of USA and the 2 states of Baja California and Baja California Sur (again, not a typo) of Mexico form the region called The Californias.Place-ception:Panama the nation has a province named Panama which has Panama City, the country’s and the province’s capital. In 2014, 5 districts of Panama province were separated to create Panama Oeste province.[102]Guatemala the nation has the province Guatemala, housing the capital of both the province and country, Guatemala City.[103]Belize, the nation has a district named Belize whose capital is named Belize City.[104]Puducherry, Yanam, Mahe and Karaikal are municipalities which are the capitals of eponymous districts: Puducherry, Yanam, Mahe and Karaikal. Puducherry district is the capital of the Union Territory of India comprised of these 4 districts, itself called Puducherry.[105]Grand Duchy of Luxembourg[106] has a canton (division) named Luxembourg[107] in the former district Luxembourg, having Luxembourg City[108], the capital of the canton and the nation.In the new:Many places on being founded were simply named after an existing place, with New (or similar word) prefixed:New Delhi, Navi Mumbai and Naya Raipur were named after Delhi, Mumbai and Raipur respectively - all lying in India.USA:New Hampshire is named after Hampshire County, England. It lies in the geographical area named New England.[109][110]New Jersey was named after Jersey island in English Channel [discussed below under UK][111]New Mexico recieved its name long before the country Mexico was established; it was named by Spanish as Nuevo Mexico[112]Papua New Guinea has the provinces called East New Britain[113], West New Britain[114] and New Ireland[115]. The island on which it lies, New Guinea, is named after Guinea region of Africa.New Zealand’s name is the anglicised name of Novo Zeelandia given by Dutch explorers to the region after Zeeland province of Netherlands.[116]United Kingdom: (Topic’s name changed as part of edit - read after the end of images)Source: British Isles - WikipediaImage: Euler Diagram of British Isles (Source: Datei:British Isles Euler diagram 15.svg – Wikipedia (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:British_Isles_Euler_diagram_15.svg))Edit: 05–07–2018United Kingdom’s official name: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.UK comprises 4 countries (although UK would be classified as a country by most standards, a better term is sovereign state) -Scotland[117]Wales[118]England[119]Northern Ireland[120] - the only part of UK to have a land boundary (with Republic of Ireland)Crown Dependencies[121]: 3 islands which are part of British Islands but not part of UK - they are non-sovereign and are self governing possesions of UK’s crown (marked in black in first image):Bailiwick of Guernsey - comprising the islands of Guernsey, Sark, Alderney, Brecqhou, Herm, Jethou and LihouBailiwick of Jersey - comprising the island of Jersey, the largest of Channel Islands, and uninhabited islets such as Minquiers and ÉcréhousIsle of Man or Mann, an island located in Irish SeaThe Bailiwicks are located in English Channel, and as such form part of Channel Islands.British Overseas Territories:[122] In addition to the 4 countries and 3 Crown Dependencies, UK also has sovereignity over 14 territories which are parts of British Empire that have not been granted independence or have voted to remain British territories. With exception of Gibraltar, they are not part of European Union.British Overseas Territories (Source: British Overseas Territories (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories#/media/File:United_Kingdom_(%2Boverseas_territories)_in_the_World_(%2BAntarctica_claims).svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories#/media/File:United_Kingdom_(%2Boverseas_territories)_in_the_World_(%2BAntarctica_claims).svg) Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories#/media/File:United_Kingdom_(%2Boverseas_territories)_in_the_World_(%2BAntarctica_claims).svg))Territories with some permanent population:Anguilla - located in CaribbeanBermuda - located in North Atlantic OceanBritish Virgin Islands (BVI), officially simply "Virgin Islands" - located in Caribbbean regionCayman Islands - located in CaribbeanFalkland Islands - located in South Atlantic Ocean on Patagonian ShelfGibraltar - located in Iberian PeninsulaMontserrat - located in CarribbeanPitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands - a group of four islands in the southern Pacific OceanSaint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha - located in South AtlanticTurks and Caicos Islands - located in North AtlanticSovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia - located in Cyprus island in Mediterranean SeaTerritories with with temporary population only:British Antarctic TerritoryBritish Indian Ocean TerritorySouth Georgia and South Sandwich Islands - located in South AtlanticOverseas France:Overseas France (French: France d'outre-mer) consists of all French-administerd territories outside the Europe. Just like UK, France has sovereignity over many territories that lie outside Europe.Source: Overseas France - WikipediaThese territories are themselves divided into collectivities and departments.Overseas Departments - they have powers equal to metropolital France:French Guiana[123] in South AmericaGuadeloupe[124] in Caribbean (North America)Martinique[125] in Caribbean (North America)Mayotte[126] in Indian Ocean (Africa)Réunion[127] in Indian Ocean (Africa)Overseas Collectivities (official names are in parenthesis) - they have a particular status and high degree of autonomy:French Polynesia[128] in South PacificSaint Barthélemy[129] (Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy) in West IndiesSaint Martin[130] (Collectivity of Saint Martin) in CaribbeanSaint Pierre and Miquelon[131] (Overseas Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon) in Northwestern AtlanticWallis and Futuna[132] (Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands) in South PacificNew Caledonia[133] lying in southwest Pacific is a special collectivity - as a result of the 1998 Nouméa Accord, it gained a special status (statut particulier or statut original) in 1999. A New Caledonian citizenship was established, and a gradual transfer of power from France to New Caledonia was begun, to last from 15 to 20 years.France also posseses uninhabited overseas territories:Clipperton Island[134] in eastern PacificFrench Southern and Antarctic Lands[135] - itself consisting of 5 group of islands:Kerguelen Islands (Archipel des Kerguelen), a group of volcanic islands in southern Indian OceanSt. Paul and Amsterdam islands (Îles Saint Paul et Amsterdam), a group north of KerguelenCrozet Islands (Îles Crozet), a group in southern Indian Ocean, south of MadagascarAdélie Land (Terre Adélie), French claim on AntarcticaScattered Islands (Îles Éparses), a scattered group of islands around the coast of Madagascar[Yep, there is a group of scattered islands called Scattered Islands.]Edit 22–07–2018:Well USA can’t be left behind, right?Territories of USA:USA has 16 non-soveriegn territories directly administered by federal government instead of any state government, although 2 of them are actually administered by Republic of Colombia.[136]Territories of USA (Source: Territories (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States#/media/File:US_insular_areas.svg)of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States#/media/File:US_insular_areas.svg) the United States (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States#/media/File:US_insular_areas.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States#/media/File:US_insular_areas.svg) Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States#/media/File:US_insular_areas.svg))Permanently inhabited territories:Puerto Rico in Caribbean and North AtlanticUS Virgin Islands in Caribbean and North AtlanticGuam in Micronesia and North PacificNorthern Mariana Islands in Micronesia and North PacificAmerican Samoa in Polynesia and South PacificUninhabited Territories:Baker Island in North PacificHowland Island in North PacificJarvis Island in South Pacific and PolynesiaJohnston Atoll in North PacificKingman reef in North Pacific and PolynesiaMidway Atoll in North PacificNavassa Island in North Atlantic and CaribbeanPalmyra Atoll in North Pacific and PolynesiaWake Island in Micronesia and North PacificBaja Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank are adminstered by Colombia but claimed by USAThere are many previous territories of USA that later became independent sovereign countries:PhillippinesMarshall IslandsPalauMicronesia (the nation: Federated States of Micronesia)Realm of New Zealand:Realm of New Zealand [Source: File:NZL orthographic NaturalEarth labelled en.svg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NZL_orthographic_NaturalEarth_labelled_en.svg)- (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NZL_orthographic_NaturalEarth_labelled_en.svg) Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NZL_orthographic_NaturalEarth_labelled_en.svg)]Realm of New Zealand is the region where Queen of New Zealand (presently the Queen of UKGBNI) is the head of the state.[137]This region comprises:one sovereign nation - New Zealand, along with its Antarctic claim - Ross Dependencydependent territory named Tokelau[138]2 associated states[139] - Cook Islands and Niue.[Note: Associated statehood is a complex statehood, it is better to make a separate reading about the topic]Places with very long names:Certain places have such long names that pronuncing them is really difficult.Taumatawhakatangi­hangakoauauotamatea­turipukakapikimaunga­horonukupokaiwhen­uakitanatahu[140], New Zealand: the names means - “The summit where Tamatea, the man with the big knees, the climber of mountains, the land-swallower who travelled about, played his nose flute to his loved one”. This is listed in Guinness World Records as the place with longest official name.The ceremonial name of Bangkok, Thailand is even longer than the previous entry - Krungthepmahanakhon Amonrattanakosin Mahintharayutthaya Mahadilokphop Noppharatratchathaniburirom Udomratchaniwetmahasathan Amonphimanawatansathit Sakkathattiyawitsanukamprasit. It means - “City of angels, great city of immortals, magnificent city of the nine gems, seat of the king, city of royal palaces, home of deities incarnate, erected by Viśvakarman at Indra's behest”.Then there are some names that not so long but their names have weird meanings:Tweebuffelsmeteenskootmorsdoodgeskietfontein[141] in North West province, South Africa.Its name means: Two-Buffalos-Shot-Totally-Dead-with-One-Shot FountainMamungkukumpurangkuntjunya[142] in South Australia, Australia.Its name means: Where the devil urinatesSee others answers by me related to geography:Guinea (region and the countries): Aditya Garg (आदित्य गर्ग)'s answer to Why do so many countries have "Guinea" in their name?Indian subcontinent: Aditya Garg (आदित्य गर्ग)'s answer to What is the Indian subcontinent?Footnotes[1] The Bahamas - Wikipedia[2] The Gambia - Wikipedia[3] List of enclaves and exclaves - Wikipedia[4] Vatican City - Wikipedia[5] Holy See - Wikipedia[6] San Marino - Wikipedia[7] Lesotho - Wikipedia[8] Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic - Wikipedia[9] Llívia - Wikipedia[10] Campione d'Italia - Wikipedia[11] Büsingen am Hochrhein - Wikipedia[12] Likoma Island - Wikipedia[13] Chizumulu Island - Wikipedia[14] Hatta, United Arab Emirates - Wikipedia[15] Masfut - Wikipedia[16] Nahwa - Wikipedia[17] Madha - Wikipedia[18] Baarle-Nassau - Wikipedia[19] Baarle-Hertog - Wikipedia[20] Dahala Khagrabari - Wikipedia[21] Bosnia and Herzegovina - Wikipedia[22] São Tomé and Príncipe - Wikipedia[23] Trinidad and Tobago - Wikipedia[24] Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Wikipedia[25] Antigua and Barbuda - Wikipedia[26] Saint Kitts and Nevis - Wikipedia[27] Guinea - Wikipedia[28] Equatorial Guinea - Wikipedia[29] Guinea-Bissau - Wikipedia[30] New Guinea - Wikipedia[31] Papua New Guinea - Wikipedia[32] Belize - Wikipedia[33] Belize River - Wikipedia[34] Paraguay - Wikipedia[35] Paraguay River - Wikipedia[36] Jordan - Wikipedia[37] Jordan River - Wikipedia[38] Moldova - Wikipedia[39] Moldova River - Wikipedia[40] Uruguay - Wikipedia[41] Uruguay River - Wikipedia[42] Zambia - Wikipedia[43] Zambezi - Wikipedia[44] Niger River - Wikipedia[45] Niger - Wikipedia[46] Nigeria - Wikipedia[47] Niger State - Wikipedia[48] Congo River - Wikipedia[49] Democratic Republic of the Congo - Wikipedia[50] Republic of the Congo - Wikipedia[51] Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) - Wikipedia[52] Zaire - Wikipedia[53] Senegal River - Wikipedia[54] Senegal - Wikipedia[55] Indus River - Wikipedia[56] Hindustani language - Wikipedia[57] East Indies - Wikipedia[58] West Indies - Wikipedia[59] West Indies cricket team - Wikipedia[60] Bosna (river) - Wikipedia[61] Amerigo Vespucci - Wikipedia[62] Mussa Bin Bique - Wikipedia[63] Mswati II - Wikipedia[64] Öz Beg Khan - Wikipedia[65] Muhammad bin Saud - Wikipedia[66] Saud ibn Muhammad ibn Muqrin - Wikipedia[67] Philip II of Spain - Wikipedia[68] Philippines - Wikipedia[69] Colombia - Wikipedia[70] Maurice, Prince of Orange - Wikipedia[71] Thomas Gilbert (sea captain) - Wikipedia[72] Jean Moreau de Séchelles - Wikipedia[73] John Marshall (British captain) - Wikipedia[74] El Salvador - Wikipedia[75] Saint Dominic - Wikipedia[76] Saint Lucy - Wikipedia[77] Saint Marinus - Wikipedia[78] Solomon - Wikipedia[79] Jacob - Wikipedia[80] Lech, Czech, and Rus - Wikipedia[81] Nór - Wikipedia[82] São Tomé - Wikipedia[83] Príncipe - Wikipedia[84] Vincent of Saragossa - Wikipedia[85] Cook Islands - Wikipedia[86] James Cook - Wikipedia[87] Victoria - Wikipedia[88] Victoria (Australia) - Wikipedia[89] Province of Victoria - Wikipedia[90] Victoria, British Columbia - Wikipedia[91] Victoria, Hong Kong - Wikipedia[92] Victoria Harbour - Wikipedia[93] Victoria Peak - Wikipedia[94] Lake Victoria - Wikipedia[95] Victoria, Seychelles - Wikipedia[96] Kansas City (disambiguation) - Wikipedia[97] Birmingham (disambiguation) - Wikipedia[98] Virginia (disambiguation) - Wikipedia[99] Washington - Wikipedia[100] Washington, Wisconsin - Wikipedia[101] The Californias - Wikipedia[102] Panama - Wikipedia[103] Guatemala - Wikipedia[104] Belize - Wikipedia[105] Puducherry - 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Wikipedia[136] Territories of the United States - Wikipedia[137] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand[138] Tokelau - Wikipedia[139] Associated state - Wikipedia[140] Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu - Wikipedia[141] Tweebuffelsmeteenskootmorsdoodgeskietfontein - Wikipedia[142] Mamungkukumpurangkuntjunya Hill - Wikipedia

Great question. Currently there are 31 states that have passed some form of Public Benefit Corporation legislation.Arizona - SB 1238Arkansas - HB 1510California - AB 361Colorado - HB 13-1138Connecticut - SB 23, HB 5597 Section 140Delaware - SB 47Florida - SB 654, HB 685Hawaii - SB 298Idaho - SB 1076Illinois - SB 2897Indiana - HB 1015Louisiana - HB 1178Maryland - SB 690/HB 1009Massachusetts - H 4352Minnesota - SF 2053, HF 2582Montana - HB 2458Nebraska - LB 751Nevada - AB 89New Hampshire - SB 215New Jersey - S 2170New York - A4692-a and S79-aOregon - HB 2296Pennsylvania - HB 1616Rhode Island - HB 5720South Carolina - HB 4766Tennessee - HB 0767/SB 0972Utah - SB 133Vermont - S 263Virginia - HB 2358Washington, D.C. - B 19-058West Virginia - SB 202Source - Benefit corporation - WikipediaAdditional Information - State by State Status of Legislation