Trip Lease Agreement Sample: Fill & Download for Free

How Is Leasing a Car Different Than Buying a Car?When you buy a new car, you have to pay the entire price of the vehicle using cash, a car loan, the proceeds of a trade-in, or a combination of all three. When you lease a car, you only have to pay for the difference between the vehicle’s price and its expected value at the end of the lease, plus interest and fees. Say you find the perfect SUV with a $30,000 price tag, and it’s expected to be worth $20,000 after three years. If you lease it you just have to pay for the $10,000 in expected depreciation, plus interest and fees. If you buy it, you have to pay the full $30,000, plus interest and fees.At the end of a lease, you return the vehicle to the dealership you got it from or, in some cases, another of the brand’s franchised new car dealers. There may or may not be some lease-end costs, depending on how much of a security deposit you made at lease signing. You'll then have the ability to purchase your leased vehicle, lease a new vehicle, or just walk away.When you lease a car, you have no ownership interest in the vehicle. The title is kept by the leasing company, and you'll have specific limits on how you can use it, how many miles you can drive without a penalty, how you are expected to maintain it, and what condition it must be returned in.A lease is a contract that cannot be easily broken without incurring substantial penalties. When you purchase a car, you can sell it at any time without penalty. You can’t do that with a leased car.What Documents Should I Have On Hand When Leasing a Car?Personal InformationAs with any financial agreement, one of the first things required in the lease process is to verify who you are. For most people, only one form of identification will be needed, and should be readily available at all times anyway. For others, more may be needed.Have a Valid Driver’s LicenseThe dealership will need to perform a credit check on you prior to even considering any lease terms. To do so, they will need to verify your identity. This can be done by providing a valid state issued driver’s license. This license will also be required to drive the vehicle off the lot, so it only makes sense that you would want to have one with you during the process anyway.Be sure to check the laws in your state before heading out to lease a vehicle. In some states the law requires your driver’s license to be issued by that state. If you’ve recently moved and are just settling in, or if you are a student, you may need to take care of that step first. Since this varies from state to state, it is not within the scope of this article to say whether this will apply for any individual lessee, but a quick call to any local auto dealer that does leasing should get you a quick answer.You May Need Additional DocumentationA lot of times your driver’s license will be all the physical documentation required to verify your identity, and you will be ready to proceed to the next steps. You will, however, also need to provide your social security number when filling out the paperwork. While you will generally just need to provide it on the appropriate paperwork, it may be worthwhile to also have this piece of identification on hand. It will be rare for it to be asked for, but it can happen. Better safe than sorry.Financial InformationAs mentioned above, the leasing agent will need to pull a credit report for you. For the most part, that can be done with the driver’s license listed above, but sometimes more information will be required to verify the information on that report.Provide Proof of ResidencyIn some cases, you will need to provide proof that you live at the address listed on your driver’s license. This is especially common if you have recently moved, or if the credit on your file is listed under a previous address. In either case, the dealer will want you to verify where you live. This will be pretty easy to do for most people. A current utility bill addressed to you is usually enough to get you through this part of the process.While a current utility bill will work fine ninety percent of the time, it may be that you do not have any utilities in your name. In this case a bank statement, cell phone bill, or other piece of mail addressed to you from a reputable source may be accepted.Each individual case will be different. If you think that there is a possibility that this may cause an issue for you, be sure to call the dealership ahead of time to ask what form of documents they will accept in this situation. They will be able clarify their requirements, and help you figure out exactly what you will need to have on hand to make the process as smooth as possible.Bring Proof of IncomeDepending on what’s on the credit report, and how strong your credit is, it may be necessary to provide verification of your current income. This can be done in several ways, but one of the most common would be to provide copies of your two most recent pay stubs from your current employer.If you have more than one job, bring copies from all of them. While you may consider one job as your primary income source, your combined income may put you in a better position to obtain the leasing terms you would like.Sometimes the nature of a person’s work will make it difficult to prove income with just a two to four week sample. It could be that you are self employed, or that you work in an industry where income could vary from week to week. If that is the case, often a copy of the previous year’s tax returns will also be accepted as verification. If you are in doubt, it is best to call and talk to a leasing agent beforehand to be sure you have the right documents.Most times this documentation will not be required, but in the event that it is, it is best to be prepared and have these on hand.Motor Vehicle InformationYour current motor vehicle information will be very important when applying for a lease. The dealer will want to be sure that you have the proper coverage to drive the leased vehicle off the lot, as well as verify proper ownership of any vehicle being presented for trade in. The following two documents will be very important to have.Make Sure You Have a Current Insurance Policy and CardSince you will not be purchasing the car outright, the finance company used by your dealership will have a set of insurance criteria that must be met in order to be financed to lease a vehicle through them. Most of the time, having a full coverage insurance policy issued from the state in which the lease originates will be sufficient on the day of the lease signing, but it’s never a bad idea to check your policy beforehand to be sure. Generally it will temporarily cover new and leased vehicles for a short while after purchase (14 days in many cases). This is so that you will have time to secure a full policy for that vehicle.Some dealers will have different coverage requirements than others. Often times these requirements will vary further depending on the car you’ve selected. You will need to make sure you pay careful attention to the requirements and make sure that the policy you eventually purchase for the vehicle meets all of that criteria. This is not something that will need to be taken care of on the day of the lease, but once you obtain insurance coverage on the vehicle, that policy will need to be reported and verified. If the terms set forth in your lease agreement are not met, this could present serious issues.Have Proof of Ownership of Your Current VehicleIf you plan to trade in your current vehicle, the dealer will require that you have documentation that shows that you are the owner of that vehicle, and that can be used to verify that the vehicle is free and clear of any liens or other restrictions. To do this you will need to present an official copy of your title to verify ownership.On older cars it’s not uncommon to have lost your copy. If you need to obtain a replacement title, you can obtain one by visiting your local DMV. The process will vary from state to state, but generally involves proving providing vehicle registration paperwork and your driver’s license. You may also be required to fill out a few forms, and there will be a small fee.It will also be helpful to have service records on hand for your previous vehicle when you go to trade it in. A well maintained vehicle will many times have a higher resale value than one not maintained well. These aren’t critical to the process, but providing these records can sometimes help you get top dollar for your trade in if it has been well maintained.What To Do if I Need a Copy of My Lease Agreement?While it’s always best to keep important documents in a safe place, sometimes things get lost. It happens to all of us. It can be frustrating to lose your copy of the lease agreement, but it’s not the end of the world. Getting a copy of your lease can be fairly painless.Contact The Number Provided on Your Monthly StatementThis will be the first place to contact when trying to track down a copy of your automobile lease agreement. Whether it is a dealer owned financier, or a third party bank, they will be the ones that technically own the lease. As such, they will have a copy of your original agreement on file, and will be able to provide to you upon request.Contact The Original Leasing DealerIf you do not have access to a current statement for whatever reason, you can always contact the dealer where you leased the car. Some dealers will keep copies on file for reference, but even if they do not have it on hand, they should be able to get you the proper contact information so you can obtain it.That’s all there is to it. You probably won’t need all of the items listed above. Sometimes just having a driver’s license and proof of insurance is enough to get you out the door, and into a newly leased car. If you plan on trading in your current vehicle at the time of the lease, you will also need documentation on it. The rest of the documents listed above aren’t always necessary, they can be good to have on hand, especially if you are unsure of your creditworthiness.While the items listed above should cover you well in most cases, but laws and requirements can vary slightly from state to state. As such, you should always check with your individual dealer for specific documents they will require before making the trip to the dealership.What to Do After You’ve Leased a CarEven after you’ve left the dealership in your spiffy new ride, there are still some things you need to do to protect your wallet and ensure that your lease doesn’t cost more than you expect it to.Get Gap InsuranceTake Care of Your Leased VehicleMake Your Payments on TimePrepare for the End of Your Lease1. Get Gap InsuranceMost leasing companies will require you to carry gap (guaranteed asset protection) insurance on your leased vehicle. Gap coverage protects both you and the leasing company by ensuring that your financial obligation to the lessor is satisfied if you total your car or it is stolen.If, for example, your new Camry is stolen two years into the three-year lease, you still owe the leasing company the current buyout value of the car, plus an early termination fee. Your comprehensive auto insurance policy will provide you with much of the cash to pay back the leasing company, but if the market value of the car is lower than the buyout cost, you'll owe the difference to the lessor. Gap coverage pays off the lessor, satisfying your obligation to them, so you don't have to make any further payments.As mentioned in the previous section, you will likely hear a sales pitch to buy gap at the dealership. Be sure to shop at your car insurance company and other third parties before you agree to buy it from the dealer.2. Take Care of Your Leased VehicleIf you purchase a vehicle, there's no requirement that you take care of it, perform maintenance, and watch the number of miles you put on it. With leasing, it’s just the opposite. When you return your leased vehicle at the end of the lease, you will be required to prove that you performed all scheduled maintenance, pay to repair any damage, and pay for excess mileage. While some wear and tear is allowed, excess wear will cost you.During the term of the lease, pay close attention to the operation of all of the vehicle’s systems and make sure that any repairs that can be covered under warranty are. If there are any open recalls, make sure they are taken care of.Many car leasing companies use credit cards to determine what scratches and dings are acceptable. If the scratches and dents can be fully covered when you place standard-size credit cards over them, you won’t be charged. If any part of the damage is visible beyond the edges of the card, you’ll have to pay to repair it as one of your end-of-lease costs. Since they have to sell your leased vehicle as a used car, they have a financial incentive to ensure that as much of the damage as possible is charged to you and repaired before the car goes on the market.3. Make Your Payments On TimeIn order to protect your credit rating and avoid defaulting on the lease, you’ll want to make all of your lease payments on time. An easy way to do so is to set up automatic payments from your bank account to the leasing company, and then verify each month that the payment has been made.Making late payments or missing installments is the fastest way to put your credit score into freefall. Remember, you’ll need your credit to be in great shape so you can lease your next car, so it’s critical properly pay your current lease payments.4. Prepare for the End of the LeaseAs you near the end of your lease, you'll want to start thinking about whether to buy the car you're currently driving or lease a new one. If you're happy with it and its buyout cost is in line with similar pre-owned cars on the market, you'll want to consider buying it. If similar vehicles are selling for much lower than your buyout cost, you would be better off to return it and buy one of those other cars.If you're lucky enough to have a car that didn't depreciate as much as its residual value indicated, you should consider buying it at its buyout price and reselling it for the higher market price. You can put the extra cash you get toward a down payment on your next lease or purchase.If you are going to turn the vehicle in at the end of the lease, you should remove any custom items you’ve added, even if you think they add value to the car. Most contracts stipulate that vehicles must be returned with the identical equipment they had when they left the dealership. Spend some time cleaning the car out just as you would if you were selling it as a used car. If you return it dirty or full of trash, the leasing company will do whatever they can to make you pay for preparing it for sale.

50 Small Business Ideas for 2019Starting your own business is everyone’s dream. However, most budding entrepreneurs see their dreams nipped in the bud due to paucity of funds for investment.Should you possess some special skills, you can definitely start your own small business with low investment. While some such small business ideas can be operated from your home, in other cases, you may need to lease small premises.1. Mobile phone repair/ accessories/ rechargeIndia will have nearly 800 million smartphone users by the end of 2022. Further, this figure will grow exponentially as more brands and cheaper variants enter the market.Consequently, the demand for outlets and persons who offer repairs of mobile phones is expected to increase manifold. You can also sell accessories and credit recharge.2. Meal service (Tiffin)One of the best small business idea for women. Nowadays, the demand for home and workplace delivery of meals has increased vastly.You can launch your small business with low investment right from your kitchen by preparing fresh, wholesome meals and supplying them to offices and homes.3. BloggingBlogging is no more a work from home career. Now you can consider blogging a serious small business. You can either start from your home if you have some space or take a small office on rent.Either you can team up with like-minded people or hire people to work on your blog(s). You need to hire a content writer, a SEO expert and a content marketer.There is a huge returns if you make a proper strategy for your blog. People easily earn $10,000+ with such setup. You can start your blog here and once your blog has good traffic then make money with the ways explained here.4. Network marketingNetwork marketing, also known as Multi Level Marketing is an excellent small business. However, you need to tie-up with well reputed brands that offer great products.A search on the Internet will reveal some such major brands, whose products are always in demand.Thanks to rising medical inflation, people nowadays look for unconventional health and nutritional products and supplements as well as skincare and beauty products.You can grow your network marketing businessby promoting its products in your friends circle. You can also promote it online by creating a website.5. Babysitting/ ChildcareThis is a small business for women that can launch from home or small premises. Investment required for opening a babysitting and childcare service is very minimal.All you need to invest in are a few toys, cribs and mattresses.Add a few packets of disposable diapers, antiseptic lotions and a first aid box as well. Nowadays, babysitting and childcare facilities are in very high demand due to the rise in number of working couples.6. Small Online Business IdeasThere are various small business ideas that can be done online from home or office. You can start many of such ideas without investment.We have already covered such business ideas here. You can check which is best suitable for you from the list of 160 business ideas.7. Mobile garage-(Small business for men)Everyone has seen cars, scooters and motorbikes breakdown in the middle of busy roads. The unfortunate owner of these vehicles usually faces a dilemma about where to get repairs. For such eventualities, you can offer a mobile garage.For this business with low investment, you will require a car, mobile phone and all the tools required to repair a stalled vehicle. All you need to do is, rush to the place where the vehicle is parked to perform repairs.8. Aquariums & fishThis is a small business idea you can enter with low investment and also from your home. For this trade, you need to buy a few aquariums of various sizes and different kinds of fish that are popular as pets.You can also breed fish by keeping special tanks.Additionally, selling air pumps, fish food and decorative stuff for aquariums will net you more profits. Aquariums are also popular as gift items. However, you need to be well versed in handling various species of fish.9. Nursery & garden requirementsOnce again, this is a great small business idea with low investment. Due to increased awareness about environment, many people now maintain small plants and shrubs at their apartments and offices.You can open this business from your home. Additionally, you can sell packets of fertilizers, seeds and other garden requirements.10. Jams, pickles & saucesAs people become increasingly conscious about their health, the demand for healthier, non-commercial jams, pickles, sauces and ketchups is on the rise.Moreover, consumers nowadays are wary of consuming foodstuff that contains chemicals of any sort. Given this scenario, you can manufacture jams, pickles, sauces and ketchups with traditional recipes that are chemical free.11. Stamps & CoinsSurprisingly, this lucrative business is almost non-existent in India. Stamp and coin collectors look for the latest issues from around the world.A few simple steps are all you need to enter this low investment high returns small business.Register yourself with postal departments of various countries by paying them a small advance for buying the latest stamps. For coins, there are special government run bureaus abroad.They will send you the latest stamps and coins which are sold at a good premium to collectors.12. Pet careUnderstandably, people love their pets. However, while travelling for holiday or business, they are unable to take their pets along. Hence, people look for services that will care for their pets while they are away.If you are well versed in handling pets, this is a great business you may consider. Again, this is a small business that requires low investment.13. Fragrant candles- (Creative business idea)Let you creativity and sense of fragrances run wild. Making candles is fairly easy. Fragrant oils are readily available. With some training and experience, you can make fragrant candles of all shapes, sizes and colors.Nowadays, such candles are becoming increasingly popular for meditation and relaxation purposes.14. Cakes & bakesArmed with a good oven, you can open a low investment business making cakes, muffins, cookies and other bakery itemsThis small business has huge potential since consumers are always looking for new, better tastes at economical rates. You will however require great skills in preparing these baked delicacies.15. Ice cubesUnderstandably, this is a complex business. Especially, since ice cubes sold in the market nowadays have to conform to specifications prescribed by Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI).However, with proper equipment, clean water and proper packaging, you can enter this lucrative market of selling ice cubes in bulk to restaurants and bars and retail to consumers.You will require FSSAI certification for your ice cubes.16. Travel servicesOffering travel and related services can see you make instant profits. Tie-up with long distance bus services, offer online reservation of rail tickets and reserve hotels at various destinations for clients.You can also add local sight-seeing and other requirements for your customers. You can either collaborate with a major travel agent or enter into deals with service providers and get commissions for every reservation you make.17. Small business idea to start an Ethnic food storeShould you be well acquainted with the palates of various communities of India, you can open a small ethnic food store with low investment.All you need to do is procure products that have a long shelf life, from suppliers located in those particular regions and sell them to your target communities.18. Medical sample collectionThis is yet another rapidly growing, low investment small business idea in India. It simply means you collect blood, stool, urine and sputum samples from patients, from their homes.These samples are for delivery to pathological labs that will test them and issue medical reports.The reports have to be home delivered to the customer. You will require a vehicle, equipment to store the bio-hazardous material and skills in extracting blood samples.You will need agreements with pathological labs before entering into this business.19. Antique furniture restorationNobody wants to part with antique furniture. Simply because they have sentimental values attached. Restoring or repairing damaged antique furniture is one business you can look at, if you have a sense of aesthetics and the required skills.You can also hire craftsmen to do the restoration at the premises of your customer. Restoring antique furniture is very intricate and you will require excellent workers.20. CCTV & surveillanceIncreasingly, people are becoming security conscious. They want to protect their families and themselves against theft, rape and other crime.Consequently, more and more people are installing CCTV and surveillance cameras at their homes and offices. This is a low investment and high returns small business idea.21. Party servicesPeople hold parties for various reasons. They are held round the year to celebrate birthdays, anniversaries and other special occasions. With this low investment business, you can offer various services.These include decoration of the venue, conducting games, mascot appearance, buying and packing return gifts, among others.22. Address verification serviceBanks, credit card issuers and mobile phone companies often require physical verification of addresses provided by customers. They do so to prevent frauds and defaults.This is a low investment business that is again in demand nowadays. However, you will require a vehicle and might require manpower to visit the customer addresses provided by bank and other service providers.23. Business idea to make Religious itemsIndia has a huge market for items required by followers of various faiths. These include pictures of deities, incense sticks, cotton wicks for lamps, candles, prayer beads and other minor paraphernalia.Making these at home or at a small premise requires low investment. There is no dearth of customers for such stuff.24. Postal labeling and sortingIndia Post requires all bulk mail to be labeled with addresses and sorted according to the Postal Index Number (PIN) code. Banks, companies listed on the stock market, bulk mailers look for small businesses that can provide this service.Especially, since they do not need to employ staff for the purpose. You will require a vehicle and some manpower to enter this low investment small business.25. Walking toursFor those who reside in cities and towns with several tourist attractions, walking tours is a great low investment business.Foreigners and domestic visitors want to get a first hand feel of the city by walking on the streets, mingling with locals and experiencing sights and sounds of the place.You will have to hire buses to take your tourists to a particular area where they will walk and visit attractions.26. Imported productsIndians returning home after a foreign tour tend to buy stuff they can sell locally. They do so to defray costs of their foreign tripProducts they sell include fragrances, cosmetics, cigarettes, liquor, chocolates, food items and T-shirts among others. The craze for foreign goods in India ensures you have a good market for your wares.27. Soya productsNowadays, an increasing number of people are going vegan. Soya products such as soya milk, tofu (soya curds), soya flour and soya chunks are provide a great alternative to meat.Manufacturing Soya products is fairly easy, provided you have the required equipment. It is also a low investment small business. You can get a small loan to start this micro industry.28. Unique ice creamsSome years ago, people would have balked at the idea of ice cream made with tomato or capsicum. However, such unique ice creams are trending nowadays.Unfortunately, manufacturers of such rare ice creams are few despite the huge market. If you are daring enough, enter this low investment business of unique ice creams.29. Used laptopsConsidered a luxury some years ago, laptops are ubiquitous now. Shopping trends indicate, people sell their used laptops and buy those with the latest features and higher configuration.Despite, there exists a huge market for used laptops. Buying, refurbishing and selling such used laptop is a low investment, high returns business you can consider.30. SignboardsGenerally, there are two types of signboards used by businesses and shops: Painted and Neon. Every small business and commercial establishment requires signboards.The demand is for creative yet low cost signboards that aptly advertises the business. Making and supplying signboards of all types, according to specifications of the business owner, is a business in demand round the year.31. Manpower supplyEvery business requires more manpower almost on daily basis. This is especially true with restaurants where staff attrition rates are rather high.Waiters and cooks leave at short notice or merely abandon work. This puts the business owner to great inconvenience.Occasionally, households also require manpower for cleaning the home. With some ingenuity and low investment, you can help restaurants overcome their manpower problems and earn a handsome income almost daily.32. Stationery supplySchools, colleges and other educational institutions as well as businesses require bulk stationery. These includes customized letterheads, business cards, envelopes, invoice books, receipt books and motley others.With little investment and some contacts, you can enter into this evergreen business. You will need agreements with printing presses and a few samples to enter this profitable venture.33. Digitizing audio and videoMillions of people across India possess audio and video tapes of their favorite music and movies, recordings of special occasions and other stuff. However, audio and video cassette players are now rare.Nowadays, DVDs and digital forms of music storage are popular. If you possess the older type record players, audio and video cassette players, you can enter into this business of digitizing old recordings.You will need to invest in equipment that allows you to copy audio and video in the older formats to the latest ones.34. Gardening servicesIndividuals and housing societies owning gardens generally are unable to attend to their favorite and sometimes expensive plants, trees and lawns.Therefore, they look for small businesses that can perform the required task.You will need to invest in some gardening equipment and hire manpower to enter into this small business, which is also round-the-year in demand.35. Glamour photographyUndoubtedly, every male and female wants to appear glamorous. Glamorous pictures are used for several purposes: To apply for jobs as models, actors and actresses, cabin crew with airlines or matrimony.For those with an eye for photography, taking glamorous pictures is a great business to open with small investment.You will have to buy a professional camera and related equipment. Taking pictures can be done at the residence of the customer or at public places. Alternatively, you can hire a studio by the hour, if needed.36. Caregiver serviceIndisposed senior citizens and people in hospitals require caregivers. Especially, since their kin are busy at work or unable to attend to their needs. Caregiver services are fast gaining momentum in India.Understandably, you will require some manpower to provide such a service. Several unemployed women and men are interested in working as caregivers for businesses that offer the service.37. Computerized horoscopesUnderstandably, this is one of the most common low investment businesses in India. All it requires is a computer with the required software, a printer and fancy paper to print the horoscope.However, in a land of superstitions, computerized horoscopes continue to remain in high demand. The reason is simple: People do not rely on results from only one computer.They want multiple horoscopes from different sources.38. Corporate giftsIndia has a rich culture of corporate gifting. It continues round the year. Corporate gifts include pens, wallets, mugs and a wide range of stuff given to staff and business associates.Usually, these items are printed with the company’s name and logo. With adequate samples and contacts, you too can open this business with low investment.You will need a wide range of products and their samples to display to clients.39. Packing servicesSmall and medium businesses generally do not have a separate department for packing their products. They hire individuals- who can often be unreliable.Or, they outsource the job to small businesses who can pack their stuff with care while adhering to deadlines.To enter this business, you will require adequate packing material such as cartons, strapping machines and cutters and of course, manpower.40. Homemade chocolatesWith some chocolate making skills and little investment, you can enter into this highly profitable small business idea. Homemade chocolates are sold by almost every major pastry shop and gift store.They are in high demand since their taste is much different from bulk manufactured varieties commonly available in the market.Several companies order homemade chocolates to send as gifts to their business associates. Such chocolates are in great demand during festive and wedding seasons too.41. Name platesA common system worldwide is to affix one’s name plate outside the door of a house or apartment. Moreover, people also install large names outside buildings, villas and bungalows.They prefer artistically designed name plates or simple ones. Making these name plates is a low investment small business that anyone can begin with ease. The demand for these name plates is round-the-year and you can make decent profits from your venture.42. Wedding gownsEarlier, wedding gowns were the mainstay of the Christian community. However, over the years, the concept of wedding gowns has become popular among people of other faiths too.Bollywood movies have also contributed immensely to popularizing the wedding gown.For men and women who are adept at fashion designing, making wedding gowns is a great, low investment and high returns small business idea.Additionally, you can also offer other fashion wear to ensure income round the year.43. Chips and wafersChips and wafers are consumed almost everywhere: cinema halls, schools, home, bars, in buses and on trains. The list is endless. Manufacturing chips and wafers with potato, raw banana, jackfruit, tapioca and other starchy roots is fairly easy.Equipment required is not expensive.However, you need to ensure proper supply of raw material and have good packaging. Generally, shops and bars order such chips and wafers in bulk.44. Idli and dosa batter-(Best small business idea in India)The mainstay of south Indian communities, Idli and Dosa are now popular across India. However, not everyone can prepare the batter required for making these dishes.It requires a proper blend of rice and cereals.The batter has also to be fermented to the right degree to ensure it gives great tasting Idli and Dosa.Packaged Idli and Dosa batter is fast becoming popular, with most stores stocking several packets for their customers. Setting up a batter manufacturing unit from home or a small premise is fairly inexpensive.45. Air conditioner maintenanceNowadays, air conditioners are an essential component of several households and most offices. Hence, there is an ever increasing demand for small businesses who can offer excellent maintenance of these expensive appliances.Trends nowadays indicate, people are willing to sign annual contracts for maintenance of their air conditioners.All you need is some basic equipment required to service air conditioners and skilled manpower who can perform the tasks. Acquiring skills in maintenance and repair of air conditioners- especially window and split types- is fairly easy.46. Renting scooters and motorcyclesTourists, salesmen and small business owners look for hiring scooters and motorcycles while visiting a town or city.Renting such two-wheeler saves them precious time and offers the ease of commuting. With a small investment, you can open a scooter and motorcycle rental business.You need not rush into buying a fleet of vehicles. A couple of two wheelers will suffice to begin with. However, you will need to get proper licensing, insurance and permits before renting out these vehicles on short term basis.47. Employee background checksWith most places in India witnessing high migration of labor, several companies now resort to employee background checks. This means, they verify information provided by a jobseeker through an external agency.Checks include verification of work experience and educational qualifications. This is a rather simple and low investment business to open.You will need a database of companies who require employee background checks, computers and landline telephone to open this small business idea.48. Handicrafts-(Creative small business idea in India)An excellent low investment small business anyone can start is buying and selling handicrafts. Generally, handicrafts are made in rural areas.However, glitzy showrooms charge exorbitant rates for the stuff, which they usually procure fairly cheap.You too can enter this huge market by buying handicrafts from different regions near you and selling them at reasonable rates.Once again, the market for handicrafts is always high because they are also given away as gifts or used for home and office décor.49. Skin and beauty treatment-(Small business idea for men and women)Increasingly men are becoming beauty conscious. For men and women skilled in providing skin and beauty treatment, opening a small business offering the service is an excellent small investment option.You can design your own therapies for glowing skin, anti-aging and facelifts.This business can also be opened from home, provided you have ample space and privacy for clients. Offering herbal and natural therapies will help you stay ahead of competition.50. Mushroom harvestingMushrooms are considered a delicacy and fetch fairly high prices in the market. They are very nutritious as food.Hence, governments of various Indian states provide subsidies and facilities to people who can harvest mushrooms. This is a great low investment small business idea.You will need to set up a green-house with controlled temperature for getting the right crop. Mushroom spores are readily available from state-run cooperatives and agricultural shops. Bulk customers for mushrooms are easy to find.Extra: Broken glassStrange as it may sound, there exists a huge market for broken glass. Millions of glass bottles that cannot be recycled, as discarded daily in India.Shards of broken glass are used in building compound walls of bungalows. They deter robbers from scaling the compound wall to gain access to the bungalow.Glass shards also prevent reptiles like snakes from slithering over the compound wall. A word of caution: Dealing in broken glass can be hazardous and has to be done with extreme care.Extra: Apiary & honeyHere is one great small business idea with low investment, provided you have a garden or open plot of land. Setting up an apiary to breed honeybees is inexpensive.You will also require some basic equipment to extract honey from honeycombs. Homemade honey fetches a great price.Royal Jelly, produced for the queen bee, commands a high price in the market from individuals and medical companies.Before investingRemember, having ample capital to invest in a small business of your choice is not enough. You also require the necessary skills to ensure its proper functioning.Before entering into any venture, it is advisable to know licensing procedures and other legalities concerned.It is better to legitimize your business since it can help you get loans and subsidies in future. It will also protect you against any lawsuits

Mam,basically there is only differene is that :http://M.com is the grand father of 12th commerce.That means http://M.com is very broad concept then 12th accounts.M.com course consists of core courses and electives. Core courses are related to fundamental concepts of commerce, electives are generally associated with specific knowledge and skills in a particular area. http://M.Com covers a wide area for study and research and offers many specializations besides http://M.Com (General) and http://M.Com (Honours), such asTaxationEconomicsMathematicsAccountingAccounting & FinanceStatisticsBankingFinanceBanking and FinanceFinance & ControlMarketingE-CommerceBusiness ManagementComputer Applicationhttp://M.Com SubjectsOrganization Behavior and Management ProcessManagement and Financial AccountingMarketing ManagementManagerial EconomicsComputer Applications in CommerceBusiness Environment & PolicyManagement of Nonprofit OrganizationsCorporate GovernanceResearch Methods & Statistical TechniquesFinancial ManagementElements of Income TaxManagement of Financial ServicesE-CommerceManagerial CommunicationMergers & AcquisitionsInternational Trade – Theory & Practicehttp://M.Com SyllabusOrganization Behavior and Management ProcessThis course provides a comprehensive analysis of individual and group behavior in organizations. Its purpose is to provide an understanding of how organizations can be managed more effectively and at the same time enhance the quality of employees work life.ContentsIntroduction to Organization, Organization Theory – Perception, Attitudes and Values – Personality and Emotions, Stress Management, Motivation, Job Design and Job Satisfaction – Group Formation and Structure, Communication, Team Building and Leadership, Team Building and Leadership, Power and Politics – Organizational Culture and Climate, Organizational Change, Organizational Development, Emerging Trends in OBManagement and Financial AccountingThis course helps to develop an insight of postulates, principles and techniques of accounting and utilization of financial and accounting information for planning, decision-making and control.Contents:Accounting and its Functions, Accounting Concepts and Standards, Accounting Information and its Applications – Construction and Analysis of Balance Sheet, Construction and Analysis of Profit and Loss Account – Construction and Analysis of Funds Flow and Cash Flow Statement -Understanding and Classifying Costs, Absorption and Marginal Costing, Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis, Variance Analysis – Financial Management: An Introduction, Ratio Analysis, Leverage Analysis, Budgeting and Budgetary Control, Investment Appraisal Methods – Management of Working Capital, Capital Structure, Dividend DecisionsMarketing ManagementThis course helps to develop an understanding of the underlying concepts, strategies and issues involved in the marketing of products and services.Contents:Introduction to Marketing Introduction – Marketing, Marketing in a Developing Economy to the Course – Approach, Marketing of Services – Marketing of Services – Marketing and Public Policy – Planning Marketing Mix – Marketing in, Market Segmentation Action, Marketing Organizations – Marketing, Marketing Research and its Applications Management and Planning – Determinants of Consumer Behaviour Indian, Models of Consumer Behaviour Consumer and Indian Consumer Environment Marketing Environment – Product Decisions and Strategies, Product Life Cycle and New Product Development ITDC-A Case Study, Branding and Packaging Decisions – Pricing Policies and Practices Marketing, Marketing Communications Strategy, Advertising and Publicity Case Study, Personal Selling and Sales Promotion Moulded Luggage Industry – Sales Forecasting, Distribution Strategy Effective Selling, Managing Sales Personnel, Marketing and Public Policy, Cyber MarketingManagerial EconomicsThis course acquaints the students with concepts and techniques used in micro economic theory and to enable them to apply this knowledge in business decision-making. It gives an in-depth knowledge in emerging global trends in business environment and Macroeconomic management.Contents:Scope of Managerial Economics, the Firm: Stakeholders, Objectives & Decision Issues, Basic Techniques – Demand Concepts and Analysis, Demand Elasticity, Demand Estimation and Forecasting – Production Function, Cost Concepts and Analysis I, Cost Concepts and Analysis II, Estimation of Production and Cost Functions – Market Structure and Barriers to Entry, Pricing under Pure Competition and Pure Monopoly, Pricing under Monopolistic and Oligopolistic Competition, Pricing StrategiesComputer Applications in CommerceThis course covers the basic concepts of networked computers including the basics of file management on local and remote computers, electronic mail, Internet browsers, and web page development. Students also get exposed to applications used in business for solving problems, communicating, and making informed decisions, including word processors, presentation software, electronic spreadsheets, and databases.Contents:Computer Applications in Financial Accounting: Features of Tally ERP.9. Setting upa new company and creating Masters in Tally.ERP9. Data Management, security levels and controls. Technological advantages of Tally.ERP9. Evolution and features of extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) – XBRL Taxonomy of Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Filling of Financial statements using XBRL Software – Computer Applications in Financial Management and Taxation: Using MS Excel to solve financial management problems- Present Value, Future Value, NPV etc. Online Trading of Securities. Online Banking. Filing of Online Application for PAN and TAN. Online submission of Income Tax Returns and TDS Return. E-filing of indirect taxes return – Computer Applications in Statistical Analysis : Features of SPSS. Creating files and data entry in SPSS. Preparation of frequency tables and graphs. Computation and interpretation of Mean, Standard Deviation, Standard Error, Simple and multiple correlation, regression. Analysis of variance. t-Test, Chi-Square Test – Computer Applications in OperationsResearch:Mathematical formulation of Linear Programming and Integer Programming problems and solving them using computer software.Business Environment & PolicyThis course aims at familiarizing the students with various aspects of economic, social, political and cultural environment so that the he/she is able to gain a deeper understanding of the environmental factors influencing business organizations.Contents:Business environment: micro-environment – macro environment – environmental scanning – Policy environment: Industrial Policy – Industrial Policy Resolution 1956 – New Industrial Policy 1991 – Fiscal policy – Monetary policy – New economic policy: economic reforms – liberalization – Globalization: meaning – stages – factors facilitating and impeding globalization in India – consequences of globalization for India – Public sector: changing role of public sector – relevance of public sector – public Sector reforms – Privatization: concepts – nature – objectives – forms – regulatory framework with reference to insurance, power and telecom sectors – Foreign direct investment: policy – trends -problems – consequences – FEMA objectives – provisions – multinational corporations – entry strategies – role – growth – problems – consequences – Mergers and acquisitions: reasons – trends – advantages and disadvantages – competition law – WTO agreements – Agreement on Agriculture (AOA) – Multi-fibre Agreement (MFA) – Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) – Trade Related Investment Measures (TRIMS) – General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) – Barriers to trade – Trade policy changes consequent to WTO – Recent EXIM policy – Consequences of WTO for India.Management of Nonprofit OrganizationsThis course helps the students in gaining ground about the historical and philosophical foundations, characteristics, role, and challenges of the nonprofit sector, and understanding the evolution of the nonprofit sector into the fastest growing sector world-wide. Students also gain perspectives on the management, financial, leadership, and governance issues facing nonprofit entities.Concepts:The World of Non-Profit Enterprises – third sector, nonprofits sector, social enterprises; Economic, Sociological and Structural theories of nonprofits; Contemporary role of nonprofits; Nonprofits vis-à-vis State and Business – Accounting & Finance – Financial reporting in nonprofits; Distinct needs of nonprofit accounting; Sources of funds and their implications; Basic tenets of fund management in nonprofits – Human Resource Management – Volunteers & Staff, Critical issues of compensation, quality and retention, Training and development, Incentives and Motivation – Governance and Professionalism – Governance process and Board role; Credibility and legitimacy issues; Professionalism, Productivity and measurement of qualityCorporate GovernanceThis course helps to explore, recognize and understand the multiple paradoxes related to the study and application of corporate governance in organizations. It also helps to relate the corporate government practices of an organization to its performance.Concepts:Concept of Corporate Governance: Its importance-corporate governance and Agency theory-benefits of good corporate governance-present scenario-case studies – Corporate Ethics: Concept and Importance –benefits of corporate ethics-corporate philosophy and culture managing ethics and legal compliance-case analysis – Corporate Social Responsibility: Corporate crimes-company and society relations – corporate social challenges-corporate accountability business and ecology-case analysis – Corporate Governance in India: Reforming BOD- Birla Committee-Naresh Chandra Committee-Narayana murthy committee-Audit committee Corporate governance codeResearch Methods & Statistical TechniquesThis course helps to develop the research skills of the students in investigating into the business problems with a view to arriving at objective findings and conclusions and interpreting the results of their investigation in the form of systematic reports.Concepts:Research; Types of Research, Research Design; Research Methods (Scientific, Historical, Descriptive, Experimental, Survey, Case Study and Delphi) Collection of Data (Questionnaire, Schedule, Interview, Observation, Scales and Check Lists, Library Records and Reports), Measurements and Scaling Techniques, Sampling (Need and Purpose, Types) Content Analysis – Coding Schemes, Units of Analysis (Basic Concept), Measures of Central Tendency – Mean, Median, Mode, SD, Coefficient of Variation, Quartiles, Deciles, Percentiles, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean. Graphical and Diagrammatic Representation of data – Simple and Multiple Bar diagrams, Pie diagrams, Histogram, Frequency, Cumulative frequency; Measures of Dispersion – Range, Quartile deviation, Mean deviation, Range Mean square deviation, Standard deviation, Coefficient of variation, Moments, Coefficient of Skewness and Kurtosis. Bivariate Analysis – Scatter diagram, Correlation and Regression. Theory of Attributes – Dichotomy and Manifold classification, Independence and Association of attributes, Inferential Statistics – Types of Reports, Significance of Report Writing, Layout of the Research ReportFinancial ManagementThis course aims at familiarizing the participants with the skills related to basic principles, tools and techniques of financial management.Contents:Valuation of Securities, Time Value of Money, Financial Management: An Overview, Risk and Return – Capital Budgeting, Cost of Capital – Sources of Long Term Finance, International Business Finance, Project Financing, Lease Financing, Capital Market – Dividend Policy Decision, Capital Structure Decision, Leverage: Operating, Financial and Total – Receivables Management, Cash Management, Working Capital, Inventory ManagementElements of Income TaxThis course aims at familiarizing the students with the principles, problems and structure of different types of business taxes in India and relevance of these taxes in business decisions. Besides, a broad understanding or role of taxation in economic and industrial development of an economy is also highlighted.Contents:Income-tax act 1961, Wealth-tax act, Case laws governing capital and revenue expenditure, Special Problems Centering on the concept of assesses, Registered Firm, Hindu Undivided family, Companies, Association of persons and trust, Minors, Cooperatives, nonresident Indians and avoidance of double taxation – Problems covering heads of income salaries, Perquisites, gratuity and retirement benefits, Income from house property, Capital gains, income from other sources, Income from business and profession, Problems arising from aggregation of income and set off and carry forward of losses, Computation of income and Return of Income Tax, Filing procedure – Tax administration appeals, Revisions, review and rectification, Application to central Board of Direct Taxes, Acquisition Proceedings, Principles of valuation of movable and immovable property, Tax incentives and export promotion, Deductions under chapter VI, Other benefits and tax exemptions – Indirect Tax Laws, Administration and relevant procedures, The central excise including Central Value Added Tax (CENVAT), The Central Sales Tax Act, 1956 (74 of 1956), The Customs Act, 1962 (52 of 1962), Excise audit – Assessment of Tax Payable by the Assess under Indirect Taxes, Power of Different Authorities, Impact of Taxon Gatt 94 WTO, Anti Dumping Processing, Tariff Commission and other tariff authoritiesManagement of Financial ServicesThis course is designed to provide basic understanding of the working of the financial system and the management of non-banking financial services. It also equips the students with the theoretical and practical knowledge of different non-banking financial services.Contents:Introduction, A conceptual framework, Scope and classification, the financial system and its functions, Classification of Financial markets, Development of financial system in India – Introduction, Regulatory Non- Banking Companies (RNBCs), RBI act framework, RBI acceptance of public deposits directions, RBI NBFCs Prudential Norms, Norms related to Auditors report, Latest RBI/Ministry of finance guidelines – Concept of Lease financing, Concept of Hire purchase finance, Conceptual and legal framework, Hire purchase – Accounting, reporting and taxation, Various forms of credit, Concept of factoring, Types and methodology, Advantages and its limitations, Factoring and forfeiting- Financial evaluation, Bills discounting concept and regulations – Concept of venture capital, Origin and types, Stages of investment financing, Factors affecting investment decisions, Selection of venture capitalists, Corporate venturing – Concept of Insurance, Development in India, Regulatory framework of insurance, Insurance regulatory and development authority IRDA, Reinsurance business and its regulations, Insurance services in India, operations of private insurance companies, Concept of Mutual funds, Benefits of Mutual funds, Mutual fund schemesE – CommerceThis course is about marketing on the Internet and how businesses employ electronic commerce. It provides students with an understanding of how the Internet can be used to create a brand presence, complete commercial transactions, and other important aspects of having an online business.Contents:E-Commerce – E-Business – Potential Benefits of E-commerce – Driving Forces of Ecommerce – Business Process Re-Engineering –E-Commerce Applications –Regulatory Environment for E-Commerce – Competitive intelligence on the Internet – Future of E-Commerce – Traditional EDI systems – Benefits and Drawbacks – Data transfer and standards – EDI systems and the Internet – Legal security and private concerns – Authentication Methods – Firewalls – Factors considered in securing the firewalls – Internet trading relationships: Business to Consumers (B2C), Business (B2B), Consumer to Business (C2B), Government to Consumer (G2C), Features and benefits-Portal Vs Website – Supply Chain Management – SET protocol – SET Vs SSL – Payment gateway – Certificate issuance – Trust chain -Cryptography methods – Encryption technology – Digital signatures – Dual signatures – SET Logo Compliance testing – Status of Software Magnetic strip cards – Smart cards – Electronic cheques -Electronic cash – Third party processors and Credit Cards – Risk and electronic system – Designing electronic payment systems. Introduction to HTML – Basic syntax – Basic Text Formatting – Images – Lists – Tables – Hypertext links – Computerized AccountingManagerial CommunicationThis course helps students apply their understanding of communication to writing as a medium of communication in business settings. The course follows a suggestive rather than a prescriptive approach towards developing an understanding of communication in the corporate context. It also specifically aims at developing an understanding of the significance of different aspects of written communication in corporate environments, the role of written communication in enhancing managerial efficacy, integrating different styles and modes of communication for efficiency in managerial tasks, and designing communication plans and strategies to solve managerial problems.Contents:Role and process of communication – Barriers to communication – Surmounting barriers to communication – Types of communication – Listening process: Elements of good listening, Improving listening competence – Importance of feedback – Principles of feedback – Characteristics of non verbal communication – Types and functions of non verbal communication- Interpreting non verbal communication – Negotiations – Approaches to negotiations – Preparing for and conducting negotiations – Making Presentations – Choosing a method of speaking – Analyzing the audience – Nonverbal dimensions of presentations – Speeches for commemorative occasions – Effective presentation strategies – Persuasive speaking – Report writing – Types of reports – Structure of reports – Individual and committee reports – Essentials of good report writing – Business letters – Drafting letters relating to enquires and replies, Orders and replies, Complaints and claims – Effective business correspondence –Drafting a resume – Media relations – Building better relations with media; Investor relations – Framework for managing investor relations; Managing government relations – Ways and means of managing governing power; Crisis communicationMergers & AcquisitionsThis course helps students appreciate the importance of merger and acquisitions in the present corporate world. The student is able to understand the entire process of mergers and acquisitions i.e. starting from searching acquisition targets to post acquisition integration process. It also provides understanding of the implications of corporate restructuring on value of firm, performance of firm synergy etc.Contents:M&A Concept – Motives for M&As – Stakeholder Expectations in M&As – Forms of M&As – Reasons for Buying a Business – Reasons for Selling a Business – History of Merger Waves – Synergies in M&As – Strategic Approaches to M&As – Strategies for Entering a New Market – Value Creation Strategy in M&As – Growth Strategy through New Project of M&A – Corporate Objectives and Strategy for M&A – Framework for M&A Strategies – Formulating Strategies for M&As (Theory only) – Basics of Valuation – Valuation of Financial Assets – Relative Value Models – Absolute Value Models –Option Pricing Models – Valuation of Firms – Income Approach (Capitalization Method and Discounted Cash Flow Method) – Market Approach (Comparable Company Method) – Assets Approach (Adjusted Book Value Accounting for M&As – Features of Pooling Accounting – Criteria for Pooling of Interests –m Incentives to Choose Pooling Over Purchase –Accounting Valuation of Goodwill – Accounting for M&A in India – IFRS-3 on International Accounting Standards for M&A –Conceptualization of Demerger – Definitions –– Effects of Demerger – Applicability – Legal Aspects – Taxation Aspects – Demerger Vs. Reconstruction – Demerger Vs. Hiving Off – Advantages of Demerger – Disadvantages of DemergerInternational Trade – Theory & PracticeThis course covers the theory and practice of international trade. This course also develops the classical and modern theories of the determination of the pattern of commodity trade between nations and covers trade policy and the role of institutions in managing world trade.Contents:Classical trade theory – Theory of absolute advantage -Theory of comparative advantage – Factor Proportions trade theory – International investment and Product cycle theory – New trade theory: strategic trade – Competitive advantage of nations – Gains from international trade – Levels of Economic Integration – Free trade area – Customs union – Common nearest – Economic union -Arguments surrounding economic integration – Trade Creation and trade Diversion – Economies of Scale – Price – Factor Productivity – Regionalism us Nationalism – European integration – EU – NAFTA -SAARC – ASEAN – Other economic alliances – Pros and Cons of integration – Free Trade Vs. Protection – Forms of trade regulation – Restrictions of imports – Tariffs – Quotas – Non tariff barriers – Dumping – Trade barriers – Restrictions of exports – Export promotion – Import promotion – Investment Promotion home and host country perfectives – Basic principles of multilateral trade negotiation – GATT and its early rounds – Uruguay round agreements – W.T.O.: Functions, Organizational structure, Settlement of Disputes, W.T.O. and India –Origin of UNCTAD – Major areas of negotiations – Recent developments and challenges – Structure of Balance of Payments – Current account and capital account transaction – Official reserves account – Equilibrium – Disequilibrium and adjustment – Different approaches to BoP adjustment – Recent trends in India is BOP.