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According to evolutionists, the geologic column is base on when creatures lived, from millions of years ago at the bottom, to most recently at the top. According to creationists, the geologic column is based on where they lived just before Noah’s Flood, from the bottom of the ocean to the highlands.Evolutionists would also expect that fossils of simpler, smaller forms of life which evolved first would be at the bottom of the geologic column and ever more sophisticated and larger creatures, each in their own slot of time, evolving on up the column.Creationists would predict that the sequence of the geologic column would generally be based on life zones buried consecutively: first buried would be creatures at the bottom of the oceans, then marine life in the seas, followed by amphibians dwelling near flooding waters, and then lizards further away, and lastly mammals, birds, humans inland, able to readily flee to higher elevations to escape an approaching flood. Caught last of all, they would be near the top of the geologic column, although eroded, torn apart, and washed back into the oceans as the waters retreated off the continents permitting dry land to appear.While evolutionists would not anticipate anomalies, creationists would because of the tectonic upheavals, volcanic activity, and tsunamis which would occasionally catch various members of all these categories unawares to drown, bury, and fossilize them.These differences in perspective result in 78 conflicting predictions listed below.1) So, evolutionist would not predict (but creationists would) that humans and dinosaurs would be found in the same strata. Two fossilized human skeletons were dug out of a copper mine in Moab, UT found in Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone which is the ‘age of the dinosaurs’ [Burdick, C.L., Discovery of human skeletons in Cretaceous formation (Moab, Utah), Creation Research Society Quarterly Where are all the human fossils? ~ 195 10(2):109–110, 1973].2) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that a creature with a sophisticated body (head, mouth, multiple legs, nervous system, brain, heart, reproductive organs, stomach and the most complex eyes known to science) would not exist, without ancestors, 500 mya in the lowest Cambrian strata with the ‘simplest’ forms of life. But that’s where the trilobite first shows up.3a) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that creatures existed much earlier or later than assumed according the the geologic column diagrams. Lobster-sized, centipede-like arthropods lived 40 million years earlier (Upper Cambrian) than previously thought [MacNaughton, R.B., Cole, J.M., Dalrymple, R.W., Braddy, S.J., Briggs, D.E.G. and Lukie, T.D., First steps on land: arthropod trackways in Cambrian-Ordovician aeolian sandstone, southeastern Ontario, Canada, Geology 30:391–394, 2002] & [Oard, M.J., Arthropods supposedly invaded land 40 million years earlier, Journal of Creation 17(2):3–4, 2003].3b) That sharks have been pushed back 25 M yrs into the Late Ordovician [Oard, M.J., Evolution pushed further into the past, Journal of Creation 10(2):171–172, 1996].3c) That vascular plants have also been pushed back 25 M yrs into the Early Silurian [Oard, M.J., Evolution pushed further into the past, Journal of Creation 10(2):171–172, 1996].3d) That the origin of winged insects and flight would be pushed back by more than 80 M yrs. into the early Silurian, which in turn has caused the supposed first land plants to be pushed back into the Ordovician [Engel, M.S. and Grimaldi, D.A., New light shed on the oldest insect, Nature 427:627–630, 2004] & [Oard, M.J., Evolutionary origins continue to be pushed back in time, Journal of Creation 18(3):7, 2004].3e) That the origin of eukaryote cells was pushed back 2.7 Ga ago in the late Archean [Brocks, J.J., Logan, G.A., Buick, R. and Summons, R.E., Achaean molecular fossils and the early rise of eukaryotes, Science 285:1033–1036, 1999] & [Oard, M.J., Supposed eukaryote evolution pushed back one billion years, Journal of Creation 15(1):4, 2001].3f) That vertebrates have been pushed back into the Cambrian [Oard, M.J., Evolution pushed further into the past, Journal of Creation 10(2):171–172, 1996] & [Oard, M.J., Origin of vertebrates confirmed in the Early Cambrian, Journal of Creation 18(1):10–11, 2004]3g) That 85% of all phyla originated in what is now called the Cambrian Big Bang [Meyer, S.C., Ross, M., Nelson, P. and Chien, P., The Cambrian explosion: biology’s big bang; in: Campbell, J.A. and Meyer, S.C. (Eds.), Darwin, Design, and Public Education, Michigan State University Press, East Lansing, MI, pp. 323–402, 2003].4a) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that modern birds co-existed with dinosaurs from whom they supposedly evolved. In 2005, Dr. Julia Clark (North Carolina State University and a Yale graduate) announced a duck fossil specimen from Antarctica dating to 70M yrs co-extant dinosaurs. “Now we have a fossil which indicates that at least part of the diversification of living birds had begun before the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs.” [Julia A. Clarke et al, “Definitive Fossil Evidence for Extant Avian Radiation in the Cretaceous,” Nature (January 20, 2005), accessed August 3, 2018, http://www.digimorph.org/specimens/Vegavis_iaai/nature03150.pdf].4b) That Nature Communications reported a recently hatched bird (Enantiornithes) found in Europe 127M yrs old [Fabian Knoll et al., “A Diminutive Perinate European Enantiornithes Reveals an Asynchronous Ossification Pattern in Early Birds,” Nature Communications (March 5, 2018), accessed August 2, 2018, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03295-9].4c) That researchers in 2012 announced the discovery of two Sinocalliopteryx (129 M yrs ago) mid-sized, theropod, dinosaur skeletons with meals of modern-looking birds called Confuciusornis (120-125M yrs) preserved in their stomachs [Lida Xing et al., “Abdominal Contents from Two Large Early Cretaceous Compsognathids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) Demonstrate Feeding on Confuciusornithids and Dromaeosaurids,” PLOS (August 29, 2012) accessed August 3, 2018, http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0044012].5) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that different features would not indicate new species. Different features in cephalopods have been used to date a layer of strata to a different age [Woodmorappe, J., The cephalopods in the creation and the universal Deluge; in: Studies in Flood Geology, 2nd ed., Institute for Creation Research, Dallas, TX, pp. 179–197, 1999]. These slightly different biological features cause one type of organism to be split into a different species, genera, families, etc. How meaningful are such taxonomic and age manipulations to the geological column? We know that species of living organisms, like dogs and pigeons, have a great morphological variety. How do we know whether the variety found in an extinct organism is not from intraspecies variation? One type of trilobite might date a layer as Cambrian while a slight change in anatomy in another trilobite in another layer will cause that particular layer to be dated as Silurian. Are they different kinds of trilobites or variations within one Kind?6a) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that a mammal would exist big enough to hunt and eat dinosaurs. Indeed, in 2005, an opossum-sided mammal fossil Repenomamus (123-125M yrs ago) was found with a juvenile dinosaur Psittacosaurus (97-119M yrs) undigested in its stomach. “Our discoveries constitute the first direct evidence that some triconodont mammals were carnivorous and fed on small vertebrates, including young dinosaurs, and also show that Mesozoic mammals had a much greater range of body sizes than previously known.” [Yaoming Hu et al., “Large Mesozoic Mammals Fed on Young Dinosaurs,” Nature (January 13, 2005), accessed August 3, 2018, https://www.nature.com/articles/nature03102].6b) That Egg Mountain (MT) contained fossilized Maiasaurus (dinosaur) bones and their eggs alongside Multituberculata (mammal) fossils. [Willie Freimuth, “Paleontology-Egg Mountain,” The Montana Geoheritage Project (2016), accessed August 3, 2018, https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/mt_geoheritage/sites/augusta_choteau/paleontology.html].7) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that all the strata depicted by the geologic column would have been laid down so quickly during the latter part of the year long Noah’s Flood, that no evidence of soil, weathering, or topography between strata would have had time to accumulate. At the Grand Canyon, you can look across at the opposite rim with a yardstick in your hands, and see how parallel and undisturbed the lines of strata are, running for miles in both directions. None of the strata has any accumulated soil upon which years later the next strata was laid down.8a) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that so little time has passed that organisms fossilized in the past but alive today would look identical. The Coelacanth (a fish) has remained unchanged for supposedly 65 million years.8b) That the Wollemi pine’s last fossil, supposedly 150 million years old, is identical to living trees were found in 1994.9) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that there would be no transitional creatures. The Tiktaalik roseae could not be the supposed transitional creature between fish and tetrapods because tetrapod fossilized footprints found in Poland are 18 M yrs older than Tiktaalik. It can’t be transitional if creatures that evolved ‘from it’ actually lived millions of years before it.10a) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that creatures created by God would all be alive together and fossilized in the same strata. Calvin Smith wrote: “To the surprise of many, ducks, squirrels, platypus, beaver-like and badger-like creatures have all been found in ‘dinosaur-era’ rock layers along with bees, cockroaches, frogs and pine trees. Most people don’t picture a T. rex walking along with a duck flying overhead, but that’s what the so-called ‘dino-era’ fossils would prove!”10b) That the Thomas Fork Formation in Wyoming contains fossil snails, fish scales, turtle carapaces, reptile bones, and dinosaur eggshells, which should not all be found together if evolution were true. [John A. Dorr et al., “Newfound Early Cretaceous Dinosaurs and Other Fossils in Southeastern Idaho and Westernmost Wyoming,” The University of Michigan (August 16, 1985), accessed August 1, 2018, https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/48524/ID377.pdf?sequence=2].10c) That Archaeopteryx teeth, Multituberculata (mammals) fossils, and dinosaur teeth were discovered together in the Guimarota coal mine (Portugal) [Jens Zinke, “Small Theropod Teeth from the Upper Jurassic Coal Mine of Guimarota (Portugal),” Paläontologische Zeitschrift (April, 1998), accessed August 1, 2018, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02987825].10d) That the Owl Creek Formation (MS) contains Triceratops teeth with marine ammonite fossils [Andrew A. Farke and George E. Phillips, “The First Reported Ceratopsid Dinosaur from Eastern North America (Owl Creek Formation, Upper Cretaceous, Mississippi, USA),” PeerJ (May 23, 2017), accessed August 1, 2018, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5444368/]10e) That the Cedar Mountain Formation (UT) contains fossils of dinosaurs, sharks, and lungfish. According to evolution, the two should not be fossilized together if the fossils in this rock unit represented a buried biological community in its environment as is commonly supposed. [James I. Kirkland and Scott K. Madsen, “The Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Eastern Utah: The View Up an Always Interesting Learning Curve,” ResearchGate (May 4–6, 2007), accessed August 2, 2018), https://www.researchgate.net/profile/James_Kirkland2/publication/40662964].10f) That the five major classes of mollusks, as well as modern parrots, penguins, ducks, owls, and possums, that are living today can all be found in dinosaur rock layers [Werner, C. 2009. Living Fossils: Evolution: The Grand Experiment, Vol. 2. Azzara, C., A. Prunty, and L. Welch, eds. Green Forest, AR: New Leaf Press, 233-240].11a) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that God would create all Kinds of life which would appear suddenly, complete formed and functioning. In the Cambrian rocks (500 M yrs old), there is an “explosion” of every major phylum, all out of sequence, without any ancestors appearing below them. They appear suddenly and simultaneously in the fossil record; no smooth and gradual sequence to their appearance.11b) That, “So far, no direct ancestors of flowering plants are known,” Hochuli said. “Some groups of plants are suspected to be closely related. But the evidence is weak, and most of these groups are thought to be too specialized to be at the [ancestral] base of the flowering plants.” [Charles Q. Choi, “Pollen Suggests Flowers Bloomed Before Dinosaurs Walked the Earth,” NBC News, October 1, 2013, http://www.nbcnews.com/science/pollen-suggests-flowers-bloomed-dinosaurs-walked-earth-8C11315042].12) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that when fossils of a particular creature or plant cease to exist at higher levels in the geologic column does not necessarily mean that the creature or plant has gone extinct. The Coelacanth and Wollemi pine are alive today. Finding the Wollemi Pine from Blue Mountains of New South Wales, 200 km west of Sydney, Australia, extinct since the Jurassic period (150 Ma ago) was like “finding a live dinosaur” [Wieland, C., Sensational Australian tree … like finding a live dinosaur , Creation 17(2):13, 1995]. Catastrophic burial about 4,500 years ago is a better explanation for living fossils.13) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that the 17 “mass extinctions” (8 major mass extinction events: end-Ordovician, late-Devonian, end-Permian when 75% of amphibian families, 80% of reptile, and 90% of marine creatures were drowned and fossilized, end-Triassic, early-Jurassic, end-Jurassic, middle-Cretaceous, and end-Cretaceous when the dinosaurs at high elevations were finally drowned) were simply 17 great oscillations during Noah’s year-long, world-wide Flood causing sudden, violent death and catastrophic covering in sediments. [Morris, J. and F. Sherwin. 2010. The Fossil Record: Unearthing Nature’s History of Life. Dallas, TX: Institute for Creation Research, 53].14) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that the geological column, would not conform to the lithology of England, the Alps of Europe, and the Ural Mountains of Russia, because it was actually based on assumed index fossil succession in line with expectations of evolutionists. In the Cambrian Period, fossils of each phylum has been found, including vertebrates! Since there have been no new body plans since the beginning, did evolution stop at the start? [Mortenson, T., The historical development of the old-earth geological time-scale; in: Reed, J.K. and Oard, M.J. (Eds.), The Geologic Column: Perspectives Within Diluvial Geology, Creation Research Society, Chino Valley, AZ, ch. 2, pp. 7–30, 2006].15) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that when radiometric dating came along, a more accurate dating method, that index fossils would nevertheless still continue to have pre-eminence in dating. Indeed, if radiometric dates don’t agree with the geological column, the radiometric dates are assumed to be wrong and thrown out, or reinterpreted. [McKee, B., Cascadia: the Geological Evolution of the Pacific Northwest, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, pp. 24–30, 1972].16) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that because sheet currents and wind direction is fickle, strata would be missing. Indeed, between the Grand Canyon’s Cambrian Muav Limestone and the Devonian Temple Butte Limestone, the Ordovician and Silurian periods are missing! How does 120 M yrs of geological time go missing? The Ordovician and Silurian are also absent in practically all of Montana. [Reed, J.K., Strategic stratigraphy: reclaiming the rock record! Journal of Creation 19(2):119–127, 2005]. Two-thirds of Earth’s land surface has five or fewer of the ten geological periods in place. Only 15–20% of Earth’s land surface has even three geological periods in correct consecutive order.17) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that since God created grass along with dinosaurs, they should be found together in the fossil record. Yet, grass which has been found in fossilized dinosaur coprolites (fossilized dung) is not supposed to have evolved until at least 10 M yrs. after the dinosaurs went extinct.18) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that all types of horses coexisted. The famous horse series prominently appearing in textbooks as a supreme example of the evolution trace the development of the small Hyracotherium (formerly known as Eohippus) with four toes on the front feet and three on the rear, to the three-toed Mesohippus, a modified horse with one toe touching the ground, to the one-toed Merychippus; then Pliohippus, also with only one toe; and finally our modern horse, Equus, who along the way had acquired high-crowned molars and other adaptations which include some breeds as tiny as large as a dog. But the fact of the matter is that horses have always displayed a great deal of adaptability and diversity. It is now acknowledged that horse evolution as recorded in the fossils follows no recognizable pattern. Fossils of different types of horses appear together in the same strata. In Oregon, the three-toed grazer Neohipparion (very much like Merychippus) has been found with Pliohippus. In the Great Basin area, Pliohippus has been found with the three-toed Hipparion. Any three fossils can be placed in a line and an evolutionary story can be told about the transformation of one into the other. And a different story could be told if the fossils were arranged in a different order.19) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that human fossils would be very rare. If hominids have been around for hundreds of thousands of years, there should be billions of their fossils. Where are they? 95% of all fossils are shallow marine organisms, such as corals and shellfish. 95% of the remaining 5% are algae and plants. 95% of the remaining 0.25% are invertebrates, including insects. The remaining 0.0125% are vertebrates, mostly fish. 95% of land vertebrates consist of less than one bone! Toward the end of the flood, mobile humans who had been fleeing the rising waters were finally caught but not quickly buried or fossilized. When bloated, they floated, either eaten by sea creatures or washed ashore to be consumed as carrion, or decomposed and composted naturally. What fossils were preserved would be buried late in the Flood, near the surface, and would have been subject to erosion, destruction and washed back out to sea as the floodwaters rushed off the rising continents. In addition, bones of humans and other vertebrates (made up of calcium phosphate) would have been dissolved because of the acidity of the water’s volcanic components. They were then subsequently precipitated in the phosphate-rich (limestone) beds found near the base of the flood’s fossil record [Harry Dickens and Dr. Andrew A. Snelling, “Terrestrial Vertebrates Dissolved Near Flood Fountains,” Answers Research Journal 8 (2015): https://answersingenesis.org/the-flood/global/terrestrial-vertebrates-dissolved-near-flood-fountains/].20) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that index fossils are useless in identifying strata. The Anomalocaris was once used to identify Cambrian rocks but it was discovered in Ordovician rocks, deposited 50 million years after the Cambrian [Thomas, B. Out of Place Marine Fossil Disrupts Evolutionary Index. Creation Science Update. Posted on The Institute for Creation Research June 14, 2011, accessed March 21, 2014].21) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that footprints could be preserved in strata as one sheet of sediments washed by, while the dead creature caught later that day by another sheet of sediments would be preserved in higher strata.Reptiles in the Moenkopi Formation are not found buried until higher than their footprints. Dinosaurs are found higher, in the Moenave Formation, than their footprints.22) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that catastrophes, rather than uniformitarianism, spread layers of strata far and wide. Indeed, at least six, thick megasequences of fossil-bearing sedimentary strata cover North America and the rest of the world [L.L. Sloss, “Sequences in the cratonic interior of North America,” Geological Society of America Bulletin 74 (1963): 93–114]. Such global-scale deposition of sediment layers (e.g., chalk and coal beds) is totally inexplicable to uniformitarian, evolutionary geologists by the application of today’s slow-and-gradual geologic processes that only operate over local to regional scales. But it is powerful evidence of catastrophic deposition during the global Genesis flood.23a) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that a name of a creature need not be changed just because it was also found in a different layer of strata off of which represent not millions of years but simply layering over the period of one year.The same foraminifera (an index fossil) were not only given different names when found in strata of different ages, but also placed in different superfamilies [Tosk, T., Foraminifers in the fossil record: implications for an ecological zonation model, Origins 15(1):8–18, 1988].23b) That much of the stratigraphic order of cephalopods (index fossils) is due to time-stratigraphic concepts and taxonomic manipulation [Woodmorappe, J., The cephalopods in the creation and the universal Deluge; in: Studies in Flood Geology, 2nd ed., Institute for Creation Research, Dallas, TX, pp. 179–197, 1999].“Indeed, it is sometimes necessary to ‘sidestep’ traditional paleobotanical taxonomy, which is often hindered by political and regional biases (ensuring a highly specialized local but limited global view), as well as stratigraphic biases (with what is effectively the ‘same’ fossil plant type being assigned to a different genus or species depending upon its age).” [Rees, P.M., Ziegler, A.M. and Valdes, P.J., Jurassic phytogeography and climates: new data and model comparisons; in: Huber, B.T., MacLeod, K.G. and Wing, S.L. (Eds.), Warm Climates in Earth History, Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 297–318, 2000; p. 301].23c) That a sponge, called Nucha vancouverensis, found in the upper Triassic (220 M yrs) of Vancouver Island was listed as a new species although it is identical to Nucha naucum found in western New South Wales, Australian in Middle Cambrian rocks (520M yrs). [Stanley, G. D., Triassic sponge from Vancouver Island: possible holdover from the Cambrian, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35:1037–1043, 1998]. Surprisingly, this sponge is nearly identical to one previously found only in the Middle Cambrian of western New South Wales, Australia, which was named Nucha naucum [Oard, M.J., How well do paleontologists know fossil distributions? Journal of Creation 14(1):7–8, 2000].24) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that OOPARTS (man-made ‘out of place parts’) would be found in coal deposits because coal formed after Noah’s Flood. In the 1940s, one chunk of coal, about 15” x 20” x 6”, too large for the furnace in Buckhannon, WV was broken up. Within was a bell with a two-inch stem between the bell and a man at the top in a kneeling position, with arms and wings. Nuclear Activation Analysis determined it to be primarily of bronze with a curious admixture of zinc. The most similar artifact was from ancient Babel, with the figurine representing a pagan god. Both have a "horn" (broken on the bell) and wings. The face on both is eerily similar. There are thousands of similar examples.25) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that the conventional explanation of the specific order of fossils representing progressive evolutionary changes over long periods of time would be wrong. Indeed, if you compare the order that these creatures first appear in the actual fossil record, as opposed to their theoretical first appearance in the predictions, over 95% of the fossil record’s “order” can best be described as random [K. Wise, “The Fossil Record: The Ultimate Test Case for Young-Earth Creationism,” Opus: A Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies (1991–92): 17–29]. According to Creationists, the major groups should appear in the fossil record according to where they lived, and not when they lived. This is exactly what we find within the Grand Canyon and up the Grand Staircase, as well a throughout the world.26a) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that fossils would be out of order by ‘millions’ of years since the turbulence of Noah’s Flood could jumble the burial ‘sequences’. Evolutionists frequently assume “overthrusting” without any scientific justification. For example, the Lewis Overthrust (MT & Albera) was ‘hypothesized' by Bailey Willis based on precambrian crustacean shell fossils above cretaceous strata, because all this was out of the proper evolutionary sequence. So, he then imagined, without any scientific justification, that this mountain slid east for miles and then slid up (!) a slope to cover Cretaceous rocks. It left no evidence of having done so, and there is still a 900 M yrs. out-of-order time gap! [Robinson, S.J., Can Flood geology explain the fossil record? Journal of Creation 10(1):32–69, 1996; p. 35].26b) That in some regions of the Bighorn and northeast Beartooth Mountains (MT & WY) evolutionists claim that granite was pushed up an approximately 30° slope. [Wise, D.U., Laramide structures in basement and cover of the Beartooth uplift near Red Lodge, Montana, AAPG Bulletin 84(3):360–375, 2000] & [Stone, D.S., New interpretations of the Piney Creek thrust and associated Granite Ridge tear fault, northeastern Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming, Rocky Mountain Geology 38(2):205–235, 2003]. So scientist look for evidence knowing that the appearance of “overthrusts” can be chemically caused [Silvestru, E., personal communication] or caused by the migration of heat and fluids during deformation. [Hubbard, M.S., Ductile shear as a cause of inverted metamorphism: example from the Nepal Himalaya, Journal of Geology 104:493–499, 1996]. The point is that in over 100 years, geological and geophysical methods have not established the Lewis Overthrust to be a legitimate overthrust as would be the case with the upper block of Heart Mountain (N of Cody, WY) which slid down a slight decline, detached, and broke into many smaller blocks creating out-of-order fossils, or with the South Kona Landslide which broke one huge block into pieces. Of course, these catastrophes disprove constant uniformitarianism.A real overthrust should show abundant physical evidence. Relying just on fossils is unjustified, circular reasoning. If these strata cannot be tied to a real overthrust, then the fossil distribution in the geological column is contrary to evolutionary predictions.26c) That the Matterhorn has rocks dated as Cenozoic (containing fossils thought to be some 40 M yrs old) under rocks dated as Mesozoic (thought to be 200 M yrs old).27a) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that plants existed from the beginning, created by God at the same time along with everything else. In 2013, Hochuli and Feist-Burkhardt (Univ of Zurich) claimed 6 types of angiosperm pollen (suitable for pollination by insects) fossils from two drilling cores from northern Switzerland’s Middle Triassic strata, were 243 million years old, more than twice as old as evolutionists had claimed. [Peter A. Hochuli and Susanne Feist-Burkhardt, “Angiosperm-like Pollen and Afropolis from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) of the Germanic Basin (Northern Switzerland),” Frontiers in Plant Science (October 1, 2013) accessed August 3, 2018, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2013.00344/full].27b) That a coal seam at Yallourn in Victoria, Australia, has a 0.5-m-thick layer of 50% pollen. The only way such a layer of pollen could be obtained is through the sorting action in water.27c) That flowering, plant pollen fossils were found in the Precambrian strata (550 M yrs ago), but according to evolutionists, flowering plants first evolved 160M yrs ago. “The earliest accepted records are essentially based on dispersed pollen grains, which due to their high numbers and their high preservation potential represent the most appropriate tool to trace the timing of early angiosperm evolution” [Peter A. Hochuli and Susanne Feist-Burkhardt, “Angiosperm-like pollen and Afropollis from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) of the Germanic Basin (Northern Switzerland),” Frontiers in Plant Science, October 1, 2013, doi:10.3389/fpls.2013.00344].27d) That evolutionary paleobotanists Peter Hochuli and Susanne Feist-Burkhardt now suspect that flowers were blooming in their diversity by the time dinosaurs evolved, more than 100 million years earlier than previously thought.27e) That a Chinese team led by Xin Wang also reported floral fossils from the Early Jurassic implying floral diversity had evolved by the time the dinosaurs made their appearance. Hochuli says, “We believe that even highly cautious scientists will now be convinced that flowering plants evolved long before the Cretaceous…That is why the present finding of flower-like pollen from the Triassic is significant… This sudden appearance has bothered scientists ever since Darwin, who called the origin of flowering plants an ‘abominable mystery,’” [Charles Q. Choi, “Pollen Suggests Flowers Bloomed Before Dinosaurs Walked the Earth,” NBC News, October 1, 2013, http://www.nbcnews.com/science/pollen-suggests-flowers-bloomed-dinosaurs-walked-earth-8C11315042].27f) That Carl Sagan said on his 1980 television series Cosmos, “The dinosaurs perished around the time of the first flower.” [Druyan, A., executive producer, and K. Gibson, producer. 2000. Cosmos: Carl Sagan, Episode II: One Voice in the Cosmic Fugue. DVD. Cosmos Studios, Inc]. However, scientists have since discovered rhododendron, poppy, modern lotus, black walnut tree leaf, and sweetgum tree leaf fossils in dinosaur rock layers [Werner, C. 2009. Living Fossils: Evolution: The Grand Experiment, Vol. 2. Azzara, C., A. Prunty, and L. Welch, eds. Green Forest, AR: New Leaf Press, 233-240]. The venerated evolutionary tree was off by millions and millions of years! [Clarey, T., and B. Thomas. 2013. Pollen Fossils Warp Evolutionary Time. Acts & Facts. 42 (12)].28) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that trees could avoid tipping over or rotting while being buried in distinct layers of strata representing not millions of years, but various waves of flood sedimentation. Indeed, polystrate fossils plus hundreds of individual fossils with body widths which exceed the width of the banded layers in which they are encased could not result from slow accumulations. A better interpretation of past deposits would stem from acceptance of rapid intense geologic processes, such as Noah's Flood. [Morris, J. 2009. A Classic Polystrate Fossil. Acts & Facts. 38 (10): 15].29a) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that fossils formed very quickly. The impeccable state of preservation of most fossils requires the animals and plants to have been very rapidly buried, virtually alive, by vast amounts of sediments before decay could destroy delicate details of their appearance and anatomy. Thus, if most sedimentary rock layers were deposited rapidly over a radically short period of time, say in a catastrophic global flood, then the animals and plants buried and fossilized in those rock layers may well have all lived at about the same time and then have been rapidly buried progressively and sequentially.29b) That fossils like an ichthyosaur giving birth, and fish in the process of eating other fish, capture moments in time. They must have been preserved quickly. Logically, if the fossils themselves provide evidence that suggests rapid burial then it only makes sense to presume that the sediments that buried them had to also be deposited quickly.29c) That tracks of trilobites in Tapeats Sandstone are in layers below their fossilized bodies at the transition into the Bright Angel Shale. One wave preserved their footprints. The next drowned the creatures.29d) That footprints of amphibians and reptiles in the Supai Group, Hermit Shale, and Coconino Sandstone are lower than the fossils of their bodies in the Moenkopi Formation.30a) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that only a minority of fossils are confined to rocks in the one geologic period to which they are attributed. Fossils have been turning up in “wrong” places all the time. This does not include the numerous instances where fossils are supposed to have been “reworked” from older strata in spite of no independent supporting scientific evidence [J. Woodmorappe, The fossil record: Becoming more random all the time, TJ 14(1):110–116, 2000].31) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that ‘Cope’s Rule’ describing the tendency of fossils to get bigger as you trace them upward through the geological strata would be wrong. Aren’t living forms of fossils smaller than their fossil ancestors? Dragonflies and fern fronds were 3’ long. They aren’t today. A better explanation may be the sorting action of water.32a) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that since creatures don’t evolve, they’d basically look today much as they looked ‘millions’ of years ago because they actually aren’t nearly that old. Indeed, clam Kinds occur all throughout Earth’s sedimentary layers without any significant changes in appearance, frequently mixed with dinosaurs [Archibald, J. D. 1996. Dinosaur Extinction and the End of an Era. New York: Columbia University Press, 128].32b) That a fossil tube worm (550 M yrs old) and once used to identify Cambrian rocks was found below Cambrian strata and still lives today, unchanged [Moczydlowska, M., F. Westall, and F. Foucher. 2014. Microstructure and Biogeochemistry of the Organically Preserved Ediacaran Metazoan Sabellidites. Journal of Paleontology. 88 (2): 224-239].32c) That if apes eventually became humans in just 6 million years, how, with ever-changing ecological pressures, can there be so many plants and animals that are basically unchanged from their forms supposedly millions of years ago?32d) That the Wollemi pine which thrived 150 million years ago and became extinct. But in 1994, they were found alive and unchanged! 32e) The coelacanth went extinct about the same time as dinosaurs, and showed up after WWII unchanged!33) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that out-of-order fossils, considered “impossible” by evolutionists, would be common place. Some may legitimately be explained as “overthrusted”, “reworked”, “eroded from much older” strata, “downwashed” or “stratigraphic leakage” but most are thus dismissed based on preconceived ideas rather than actual scientific evidence. 200 published instances of legitimate anomalous fossils from the literature have been identified [Woodmorappe, J., An anthology of matters significant to creationist and diluviology: report 2; in: Studies in Flood Geology, 2nd ed., Institute for Creation Research, Dallas, TX, pp. 87–92, 1999]34) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that the strength of the magnetic fields for Uranus and Neptune would correlate to their creation being less than 7,000 years ago.In 1984, physicist D. Russell Humphreys developed a theory predicting how much the magnetic field of an astronomical object should decay after only 6,000 years of existence at the present decay rate. The numbers that resulted from Humphreys’s theory not only matched the strengths of the known magnetic fields at the time but also successfully anticipated Voyager 2’s measurements of the magnetic field of Uranus (in 1986) and Neptune (in 1990).35) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that since rocks are young, the daughter isotope, helium, from uranium decay should still be in rock crystals. Even though helium atoms are “slippery”, there would not have been enough time for the helium to escape. Sure enough, when scientists tested rock from a drill site in Fenton Hill (NM) the amounts of helium in crystals was so large that the process could only have been going on for thousands, not millions of years.36) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that more polonium radiohalos would be found wherever additional water was passing through the rock at the time uranium was rapidly decaying. Sure enough, when Snelling examined metamorphosed sandstones in the Smoky Mountains, he found exactly what he had predicted. Not only do these polonium halos confirm this creationist theory, but they also suggest that many processes were more rapid in the past than today.37) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) thatthe “cold” crust, located beneath the pre-Flood oceans, should have sunk the full 1,800 miles to the base of the earth’s hot mantle, where the temperatures are up to 7,232°F (4000°C). Sure enough, in the early 1980s, physicist John Baumgardner developed a theory for the rapid motion of the earth’s crust during the Flood. The crust after sinking would have melted if it had millions of years to reach the base of the mantle, sinking as slowly at today’s rates. On the other hand, if it sank quickly 4,350 years ago, then piles of those plates should still be found at the base of the mantle, cooler than the mantle around them. Ten years later, his prediction was proven true when the ‘cold’ material was discovered, just as Baumgardner’s model had predicted.38) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) thatthe turmoil of Noah’s Flood would cause the magnetic field of the earth to flip rapidly during the Flood. In 1986, D. Russell Humphreys predicted that the field must have flipped every couple of weeks and in 1988, a basalt flow was found at Steens Mountain in southern Oregon that documented these rapid reversals.39) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) thatthere are no different races. Since we are all descended from Adam & Eve, we are one family. Yet, public school Biology textbooks taught, “At the present time there exist upon the earth five races or varieties of man . . .and finally the highest type of all, the Caucasians represented by the civilized white inhabitants of Europe and America.” In 2000, scientists working on the human genome unanimously declared, “There is only one race, the human race.”40) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) thatthe C-12/C-14 ratio has not stayed the same for at least the last hundred thousand years. However, the difference between production and decay rates, and the systematic discrepancy between radiocarbon and tree-ring dates, refute this assumption. Instead, the evidence for change is entirely consistent with a recent Creation and catastrophic Flood.41) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) thatdinosaur fossils, being very recent, should contain stretchable soft tissue, collagen, blood, protein, and DNA. That’s what science has proven for several years with numerous fossils.42) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) thatC-14 dating of dinosaur fossils would yield dates as recent as 26,000 yrs ago, not 260,000,000 years ago. This has been proven with almost 100 samples.43) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) thatjust because an animal has sharp fangs that it would be a meat eater. The fruit bats and panda aren’t meat eaters and carnivores can survive on an all vegetable diet as proven when meat was scarce at the Berlin Zoo during the bombing of WWII.44) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that if the P. falciparum parasite (cause of malaria) developed two mutations (no use as single mutations) at the same time, it would have resistance to chloroquine. The thought of getting two simultaneous mutations (together in the same molecule in one generation) was considered ridiculous by evolutionists, so multiplying two rates together would bestupid. Evolutionists insisted that there must be some cumulative adaptive evolutionary path that created drug resistance, as proven by Joe Thornton’s hormone receptors research. Yet, in The Edge of Evolution, this is exactly what Dr. Michael Behe correctly predicted. Harms and Thornton confirmed that these mutations are the only way forward. There is no other road to take, no way around the canyon.Summers et al. also proved by experiment that two mutations, neither of them conferring any resistance by themselves, are indeed the first steps of chloroquine resistance.45) So, evolutionists would not predict (but creationists would) that our stand on origins is more dependent on our worldview than on the scientific method. An evolutionists has a materialistic, naturalistic worldview which excludes a Creator. The starting point for a creationist is the Bible. We all have the same evidence, whether it is a trilobite fossil or flower pollen, but we come at the evidence with glasses tinted by our bias. The real question is which bias is the best bias to be biased with. In my case, I started as a secular humanist, an agnostic evolutionist. But valuing truth as I do, the discrepancies in predictions (as shown thus far) got me to consider more open-mindedly the scientific problems with evolution and the scientific support for creation, before I ever bought a Bible or became a Christian.