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Best Book for SSC CGLAs there are many SSC CGL2019 exam is approaching, the first and foremost important question strikes in mind of an serious aspirants which books and study materials one should prefer in preparation, being a serious candidates of this exam, here by I want to present my own books which I am going to follow along with Mock tests.Before that it is also neccessary to get familiar with the syllabus of this exam.Syllabus of SSC CGL:-SSC CGL Tier 1 and Tier 2 exams are completely based on Computer based test (CBT) i.e. online, consists of different subjects.Tier-1: 4 Section will be there GS, English, Maths (Quant) and reasoning. each section will have 25 questions each of 50 marks, so total 100 questions of 200 marks.Tier-2: 2 Sections will be consists of Maths and English consisting 100 questions for Maths and 200 questions of English, total 400 marksOn the other hand, Tier 3 is a descriptive paper that is supposed to be answered in Hindi or English language.Best English book for SSC CGL:-Plinth to Paramount by Neetu Singh :- if you are looking for clarification of various grammar rules and their applications in the actual context. This book is necessary for Tier II English in SSC CGL and the mains exam in other cases.Objective General English by S.P. Bakshi: Objective General English has been divided into four main sections. Section A is a Foundation Module that apprises one about the essential syntax of the language, section B is for improving the verbal ability and the last two sections deal with Practical Grammar and its applications under different conditions.One can also go with ‘Mirrors of Common Errors’, I personally found this book interesting and should be read after reading any of one Book.Quant (Maths)“How to Prepare for Verbal Ability and Reading Comprehension – By Arun Sharma”This book is really good for beginners as it contains three level questions in each Chapter i.e. Level-1, Level-2, Level-3 according to the difficulty.“7300_ by Rakesh Yadav is also one of the best books for Quant preperation.SSC CGL Best Books For General AwarenessLucent's General Knowledge“previous year papers of GS along with this book will be more than sufficient for static portion and for Current one should follow any magzine like GK-today or any other.”In the above book one can findHistory, geography, economy, science and Indian politics covered well and upto mark.Revise the book again and again atleast 5 6 times from end to end.I would not ask any body to makes notes out of newspaper instead I would say make notes out of Monthly magazine like GK- today or any other, this will definately suffice.SSC CGL Books – Tier III 2018 ExamSSC CGL Books for Essay, Precis and Letter Writing:Newspapers – The Hindu, Indian Express, The Mint etc“Descriptive English” by S.P. BAKSHI“151 Essays” by S.C Gupta“Handbook for letter writing” by S.C. GuptaSSC CGL Books for Finance and Economics for Tier-4:Law point’s Competitive Solutions General Studies (Finance and Economics) with Notes and MCQs for SSC Combined Graduate Level Exam11th 12th Economics NCERT books.I hope your doubts are clear regarding the selection of books, the above stated books are my personal choice of books which I am supposed to Study for upcoming SSC-CGL 2019.Happy Learning :)

1830: Book of Mormon, First Edition (Divine Inspiration?)In the first edition of the Book of Mormon (March 1830), Joseph Smith cited himself as the ‘Author and Proprietor’. A total of 5,000 copies were purportedly produced and the printer charged a manufacturing cost of $3,000 (60 cents each item). They were individually sold for about $1.25 to $1.75 apiece. The printer very likely had to make a reasonable profit for himself, to sustain his business overhead and effort required to typeset the book, so the cost charged to the author Joseph Smith by E.B. Grandin was not the wholesale cost of the production by the printer.There can be no doubt many Book of Mormon (BOM) copies were intentionally destroyed by antagonists and detractors to this new Americana Christian revivalist movement, while others were heavily damaged by natural wear-and-tear from being ravenously read, or the natural elements versus production integrity. The covers are said to have come off easily by those who studied the book’s contents intensely, therefore needing early restoration attempts with fresh leather covers and bindings.Concerning the issue of the ‘Proprietor’ status:Though Joseph Smith is listed as both Author and Proprietor of the BOM, the prevailing, non-contentious historiography of the book’s production-financing is that decidedly, it was funded by a farmer Martin Harris, who mortgaged his land to raise the necessary printing costs for the book, since Joseph Smith was only 24 at the time, and generally speaking, likely did not have such a sizeable sum of money. To put things into perspective, a full day’s wages for an average adult laborer were about approximately ~$1 in 1830, plus or minus 25%.At a later time, Smith would relay that he was actually the translator, and that he had three primary transcribers, Emma his wife, Harris, and Cowdrey.1837: Book of Mormon, Second ‘Revised’ EditionSeven years later as this nascent religion grew from its initial half-a-dozen founding members to thousands of freshly converted adherents, Smith’s book had completely sold out and many owners were unwilling to part with their bound copies, with which they likely perceived to be sacred. Thus the sales price would have risen, relatively speaking, significantly, as demand outstripped the supply. Thus the timely circumstances necessitated a hot printing, but things had changed wildly and Joseph Smith was evolving the theocracy of the Mormonism movement, adding curious new dimensions which would set the stage for radically and revolutionarily altering the religion’s dynamic.For the new 1837 revised edition of his book, Joseph Smith changed himself to the ‘Translator’ instead of his original ‘Author and Proprietor’. He also in this new printed version, made significant doctrinal changes to transform his religion from Trinitarian to non-Trinitarian, thus from monotheistic to polytheistic. The 1937 updated religion had now deviated from old-school Christianity, where the Godhead was one entity in three different forms. Henceforth the Godhead was now three separate entities with one purpose, and multitudes of Gods would emerge past, present, and future. Joseph Smith had lifted the veil to reveal that instead of one God lording it over the universe, there could potentially be infinite Gods and Goddesses.Bottom-Center (left image), By Joseph Smith, Junior, Author and Proprietor, versus Bottom-Center, Translated by Joseph Smith Jr.Contentious: Who really wrote the substance of the book of Mormon?Between LDS/Mormons (TCOJCOLDS) and Ex-Mormons (AKA Formos, Exmos, ex-LDS, etc..) there is a hotly contested controversy over who wrote the ‘Book of Mormon’, how it was written, and what inspired its creation. The conflict can be summarized as the binary belief that the Book of Mormon is either non-fiction or fiction, but not both.The Religious Version Approximated: Joseph Smith as a divine translator.The traditional orthodoxy by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS Church, hereafter)—who represents the overwhelmingly dominant Mormonism/LDS group (the leading modern-day forebearers of Latter-Day Saints Religious Movement) with millions of active members, amongst separate smaller LDS splintered denomination groups—presents the prevailing historiography that Joseph Smith primarily translated the Book of Mormon using a divine breastplate with an attache of stone lenses held within a metal wire bow of eyeglass rims (Erim and Thummin), and also a gradient chocolateish colored egg-sized seer stone, which when placed into a white stovepipe hat and the hat’s inner brim edges pressed over the face tightly, allowed for apparition of each “reform Egyptian” hieroglyph to appear on a vision of parchment, with the English translation of the symbol just below it. Using this technique, Joseph Smith is said to have translated golden plates that were no longer available because he lost 116 pages, and that most of the BOM was translated without the plates at all, just using the seer-stone-in-hat spiritual vision technique. This is a rough approximation of the LDS church’s version of how the BOM came about.In a simplified version, inspired by God, recorded by Mormon on gold plates, delivered by the angel Moroni to Joseph Smith, Joseph Smith starts translating the gold plates, gets to 116 pages, loses those pages, at some point the plates are taken away, and he continues to translate the rest without any plates present, but uses devices of divination as described above. (I hope I got the gist of this correct).The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints publicly released an image purported to be one of Joseph Smith’s seer stones. Giving them the benefit of the doubt, there is no reason not to believe the LDS church.Ex-Mormons claim the Book of Mormon was not created by Joseph Smith via God’s mandate, but that BOM is just an echo of a number of contemporary books which were prevalent in the area before 1830.Inspiration #1: ‘The Late War Between the United States and Great Britain’[1] (published in 1815). A book about the US-UK war of 1812, which was widely available in public schools during the time of its publication.Inspiration #2: View of the Hebrews (First Edition 1823, Second Edition 1825)[2], a book about the tribes of Israel coming to America to populate its lands.Inspiration #3: The King James Version of the Bible 1769 edition. Allegedly, Joseph Smith borrowed numerous passages from this book, including its translation errors and italicized words which were meant to make the reading smoother at the time for Elizebethian British readers.Inspiration #4: the lore pirate and treasure hunting Captain Kidd[3], concerning his adventures in the South-East African Comoros Islands, one isle of which has a port called Moroni. Smith was thought to be a treasure digger during his youth and such lore likely had inspired him.Inspiration #5: Solomon Spalding [4]who wrote ‘Manuscript Found’ and also another booklet which was unfinished, both of which are said to have provided echoes for Joseph Smith in his BOM.Inspiration #6: The Travels of Marco Polo.2020: The 200 Year Anniversary of the Purported First VisionAs of 2020 presently, the bicentennial of the multivariate “First Vision” (1820), or two centuries thereafter, it is theorized less than 500 complete copies of edition-one are estimated to still exist, and 200 to 300 of these are thought to be in permanent institutional collections. Generic copies of the first edition now cost about $75,000 to $125,000 (I checked AbeBooks). It is estimated the value is going to double or triple when the bicentennial of the publication arrives (March 2030), so you better mortgage your homes now and buy copies while you still can (joking). Having looked at the price elevation charts of 20st-century (1900–1999), it wouldn’t be surprising, if they sell for a quarter of a million dollars a decade from now.Numerous unscrupulous collectors (eBay, February 17th, 2020) own or have been buying full original 1830 copies, tearing out the sheets/pages, and selling them for high hundreds and low thousands of dollars each to maximize profit accumulation, because logically speaking, few people can easily just lay down $100-Grand for a complete authentic copy. Yet, shelling out, for example, a grand or two, for a single page is not exceedingly difficult for a typical zealous Mormon with disposable cash. Just my personal advice in Latin—Caveat Emptor—Buyers beware, of forgeries!Apologies in advance if I have offended anyone in the writing of a response to this question on quora. My goal was to try as an outsider to present both sides of this bitter topic as equally as possible. If I am mistaken on any points, please let me know and I will massage the text.For the sake of transparency: I am presently neither a baptized Mormon or ex-Mormon. I am just someone who is deeply interested in the subject and inquiring about its historiography. I’m hoping to learn as much as reasonably possible about this 2-century old religion sect of Christianity, to be at least somewhat learned on the subject to make dis-passionate or informed judgments. More study is needed.Required Reading (variety):FairMormon – Faithful Answers to Criticisms of the LDS ChurchThe Late War between the United States and Great Britain - WikipediaView of the Hebrews - WikipediaWilliam Kidd - WikipediaSolomon Spalding - WikipediaBooks by Smith, Joseph, Jr. (sorted by popularity)Welcome - | - Mormon HandbookIntroduction to 3,913 ChangesCES Letter - My Search for Answers to my Mormon DoubtsKinderhook Plates Brought to Joseph Smith Appear to Be a Nineteenth-Century HoaxCriticism of the Book of Mormon - WikipediaHow a Mormon lawyer transformed archaeology in Mexico—and ended up losing his faithRichard Packham's Home PageFootnotes[1] The Book of Mormon[2] View of the Hebrews - | - Mormon Handbook[3] https://www.dialoguejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/sbi/articles/Dialogue_V46N03_412b.pdf[4] Solomon Spalding - Wikipedia

Why was 4th Edition Dungeons and Dragons so controversial with the D&D fanbase when it was first released?A sizable portion of the fanbase believed it wasn’t D&D.This is very long, so grab a nice drink and hang on as we spiral through the mists of time back to the year 2000.A lot of us more seasoned D&D fans had grown up with OD&D and 1st and 2nd Edition AD&D and had to be kind of eased into 3rd Edition D&D. Keep in mind that 3rd Edition itself was quite a departure — gone were the old saving throw categories, thief skills, non-weapon proficiencies (if you even used those), and more. And what were these things called “feats” and why should we care? Additive multiclassing? Prestige classes? Are you kidding me?But the designers of 3E pulled off what may have been the second most subtle trick in all of gaming history: it still felt like D&D.* Your characters still had the usual menus of abilities, spell-casting characters still cast spells of levels 1–9, and even though once you dove into it all the idiosyncrasies we’d been living with, ignoring, or house-ruling around were just kind of gone, we were left with a whole new set of idiosyncrasies we had to live with, ignore, or house-rule around, which as we in our wisdom knew was a marker for “The Real Thing.”* The most subtle trick in all of gaming history was making Fifth Edition D&D feel like D&D had returned while including nods to Every. Single. Edition. Nicely done.And the thing sold like gangbusters. New players were coming out of the woodwork needing the guiding hand of more seasoned players to make sense of this whole roleplaying hobby, which by 2000 had become kind of stagnant (and D&D itself had only recently been one balance sheet away from dying altogether). Could the Magic: The Gathering company really save D&D by transforming it?Yes it could.For about eight years.And then upon the publication of 4E a sizable and very vocal segment of the fanbase decided that WOTC had dumped them as customers.See, by 2006 WOTC was running out of supplements to publish. (For example, WOTC’s market research told them that supplements having the word “Dragon” or the word “Magic” in the titles were the best selling… so we got a supplement called Dragon Magic. I’m not kidding. That is the reason that book was published.) Their experience saving D&D in the first place told them that they had better not go the 2nd Edition AD&D route and start publishing “niche” game supplements that would re-fragment the game base and sell to only a few.So began the Great Gamble. It was decided to attempt to push D&D into the upper echelon of Hasbro brands. This turns out to have been a critical error. In order for D&D to make $50M* in yearly revenue, WOTC planned a suite of online tools that would be available at subscription; basically, leveraging this Internet thing that D&D hadn’t been so good with so far by making sure that not only DMs, but also every player, was feeding the kitty. Put a button in this one.* ISTR Ryan Dancey later remarking that there was only about $35M yearly in the entire tabletop RPG market, and IIRC he implied that he didn’t think all of that could be captured by D&D.That meant new core books. But the new ruleset had to be not only amenable to online play, but something that seemed familiar to people who’d never picked up a D&D book in their lives. The first go at it was a dismal failure, but at least it produced Tome of Battle: The Book of Nine Swords.But finally the new books were ready… sort of… even though they’d been rushed. The marketing blitz for Fourth Edition began. But how do you convince players who’ve been happy with 3.5 for 5 years to jump ship and invest in a new batch of core books when they’re still feeling burned by the 3.0–3.5 thing?Well, one way you don’t do it is by telling your existing customers that the 3.5 they’re perfectly happy with is categorically inferior to the new material, implying that all those idiosyncrasies we’re living with, ignoring, or house-ruling around were actually stupid decisions on the part of the previous design team, which happened to further imply that we were stupid for embracing them. This little faux pas resonated with a lot of people, and I mean to the point where our ears were ringing as we lit up message boards across the Internet with our pained howling.Saner heads would tell us to calm down, maybe the marketing is a little strident or overbearing, but it’s not like WOTC is going to say, “the new edition is fine and so is the old edition” — in the end, it is the final product we need to see before passing judgment. Tantalizing bits and spoilers trickled out of WOTC. We were introduced to the idea that every character would have “powers,” we heard that every character would be as potent as a wizard in combat, and we were promised that every class would be cool.And we super-analyzed everything, because we were told this is categorically better, right? So what’s better about it? Anything? A-a-a-anything?Other answers have covered the details, the carnage that was left when all classes were hung on the same mechanical framework. At-will, encounter, and daily. In City of Heroes terms, tankers, blasters/scrappers, controllers, and defenders (4E called them defenders, strikers, controllers, and leaders, respectively). The slowest game of World of Warcraft ever conceived—half an hour of fun packed into four hours. Nothing felt the same. Every character was built off a menu, “one from Column A, two from Column B.” Magic items were in the Player’s Handbook, made a part of the “assumed math” of the game. “10th level; time for my +3 sword. (Or +3 holy symbol. Or +3 orb. Or +3 class totem of classiness. All the same.) I think this one should be mauve.”Dry. Like gaming from a Sears catalog. Reports of combat encounters that required more than one four-hour session to resolve—at paragon levels. Fear the epic length of epic level combat. Escalating attribute scores throughout your career. Don’t have a STR of 35 (or some other inhumanly high number) by 20th level? You’re behind, brah. House rules that are only and entirely about fixing the expected math.Oh, they tried. The art was amazing as always*; the graphic design… well… the 4E core books still look like textbooks to me. I can’t even bring myself to use those fonts for anything.* But the art killed Regdar, the iconic fighter from 3E, more than once… which spoke once again to the “must trash the prior edition” marketing.And remember the online thing? WOTC suffered a major unexpected blow to these plans: basically the complete loss of the online suite, in the tragic death of the person in whose mind was the development path forward. They were never able to recover from this misfortune. WOTC gamely stood up some online services, but never brought the initial online vision to fruition. And that had to have hurt financially as well, because economically speaking, there’s likely to be a non-zero number of people “on the margin” who might have been willing to drop subscription dollars into the “suite” product but who were unwilling when it came to the online Insider product* that was the only thing left standing.* Let’s not forget the bitter feelings left behind by the cancellation of Dragon and Dungeon Magazine in print form and their move to Insider; especially at Paizo, who’d been knocking them out of the park but who, at least as far as the “optics” are concerned, had the license yanked out from under them.But even to people who made the leap from 2E AD&D to 3E D&D, there were many of us who were either on the fence or openly derisive of 4E, because it wasn’t D&D. I mean, it was, because the name was on the cover of the books and all. And it still had fighters and wizards, hit points and Armor Class, the same six attribute scores, and so forth. But to many it didn’t feel like D&D. And the Edition Wars began in earnest, with many participants staking a position in the sand and going out of their way to explain why anyone who disagreed with their opinion was wrong.And the errata started flowing like a river.And the splatbooks came in their numbers.And increasing numbers of fans asked themselves why they were on this treadmill in the first place. Essentials? What, now they’re pulling a “4.5” on us? Aaaargh…. So, what is this Pathfinder thing that Paizo is doing over there…?The d20 System License disappeared.This one’s going to be shorter. Let’s roll back to the year 2000 again. It’s hard to overstate the impact of the Open Game License. The 3.0 System Reference Document was created as basically the Open Source edition of Dungeons & Dragons, the result of an internal crusade to make sure D&D would never ever die, never again come as close as it did to death. This inspired a large number of people to publish D&D splatbooks and adventures under the “d20” brand—all you needed was the content and some cash reserves or a small business loan—and for a while the game stores were chock-full of third-party d20 supplements all vying for attention. (Remember we’re talking about the years 2000–2003; PDF publishing was in its infancy at this time, and print-on-demand all but unheard of.)Except the vast majority of them were crap. Sturgeon’s Law writ large. So the crappy books sat on the shelves for months on end, unsold. There were a few stand-outs, a few diamonds in the rough, as it were, but those sold out, leaving the crap. It was called the “d20 glut” for a reason. The 3.5 revision culled a lot of the companies that had sunk money into print runs but never made it back. A lot of brick-and-mortar stores got into financial trouble due to their inability to sell the d20 product they’d bought. The one I frequented survived, but went to an “orders-only” policy for any d20 branded product that wasn’t from WOTC or a select few other publishers. (They’re gone now, though.)But it was a glorious time in another way. As though the Wild West had opened up, and all you had to do was stake your claim and dig. Anybody who wanted to publish a D&D book could do it, if they had cash to invest. We remembered the C&D letters TSR sent to BBSes and FTP sites that hosted third-party D&D material; we remembered that TSR’s corporate policy appeared to be to stifle the distribution of home-brewed material. Now it could be published. Now it could even be on store shelves. We had permission. We could even make new RPGs using D&D’s rules. (And some companies did just that.)When 4E launched, it didn’t have a fan-publishing mechanism. After what seemed like an interminable wait, the 4E Game System License finally appeared… and right off the bat people noticed it was more restrictive. The major, but not the only, difference between the old license and the new was basically this: you could no longer use the D&D “engine” to create your own RPGs. Clearly the intent was to limit the kinds of third-party creations that could be published. (In response, Paizo created Pathfinder under the old framework, which was and is still usable without the d20 branding. And we all know how that came out.)Because it cut off options that existed under the old framework, the Game System License was perceived as being much more restrictive than I think it actually was, and so the trumpet sounded: herein lies the death of freedom, the end of the Wild West. This added fuel to the flames of the controversy. You see, the Edition Wars were fought on more than one front.Whew. Well, I have no good wrap-up for this, but congratulations for reading this far. Have a cookie.HTH. HAND.