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I’m very disappointed at the titled leading question - how much negative words have you had put in your head to think so negatively about a place that you clearly haven’t visited. Being Scottish born & bred (and I can count my family on both sides back to the 1700’s also as Scottish) I can only say you can take the man out of Scotland but you can never take Scotland out of the man. I emigrated (for work reasons) 17 years ago and still follow the local news, the weather & traffic reports. I still hanker for Irn-Bru and a decent mince pie supper from the “chippie”. Who could think it is awful with no medical bills due to the free NHS service, no prescription fees for medication, free sanitary products for girls at school, free higher (University) education - for all, and I mean ALL regardless of your background rich or poor. A (for now) devolved government that thinks only for the need of the people not themselves unlike their Westminster overlords.We were voted the most beautiful country on the planet as many other Quora responses are testament to.We talk and listen in equal amounts to your stories even if we don’t know you, we’ll buy a visitor a beer in the bar, not because we want something but because that’s what we do - we’re the friendliest people on he planet, we welcome and include everyone regardless of you race, religion, colour or creed.We make the best drinks on the planet : try a Laphroaig or an Irn Bru or a cup of tea made from our soft waters (yes, we have no calcium in our water).Our produce is second to none, from Scottish salmon to Aberdeen Angus beef . Our impact on the world stage is legendary; we invented the tv, the telephone, the car tyre, the raincoat, the rifle, penicillin, jeez, we even founded the US Navy.Look at the modern technologies we provide, including space technology, computer components and we built the drill that made the Channel tunnel.Our energy is almost 100% hydro electric power or wind power and we lead the way with innovations in wave power generation.We have no tolls on our roads, our police are unarmed (mainly).Our military historically were almost always the first regiments into any battle and are revered to this day.Our banter is world renowned and we laugh at ourselves as much as others do and we produce some legendary comedians and actors: Billy Connolly, Sean Connery, Gerard Butler, Alan Cumming etc etcWe even laugh at our own weather; it rains summer and winter and the only difference is that in summer, the rain drops are warmer.Our football (soccer) team isn’t the best and we have no real hopes of ever winning a trophy because for us, it’s the taking part and the supporting of your national team. Countless times the “Tartan Army” have won fair play awards from EUFA and FIFA for our supporters’ friendly and hospitable outlooksThis list could go on and on, and it does.If there was ever anything “awful about life in Scotland” I would say read the above, read the other answers here and then you’d think there’s nothing awful about life in Scotland …….. but you would be wrong, just think and then remember who our neighbours are……………. :-)

Somebody already did ...Lee, J. S., D. Spiegel, S. B. Kim, J. H. Lee, S. I. Kim, B. H. Yang, J. H. Choi, Y. C. Kho and J. H. Nam (2007). "Fractal analysis of EEG in hypnosis and its relationship with hypnotizability."Int J Clin Exp Hypn 55(1): 14-31.Butler, L. D., B. K. Symons, S. L. Henderson, L. D. Shortliffe and D. Spiegel (2005). "Hypnosis reduces distress and duration of an invasive medical procedure for children." Pediatrics 115(1): e77-85.Spiegel, D. (2003). "Negative and positive visual hypnotic hallucinations: attending inside and out." Int J Clin Exp Hypn 51(2): 130-46.Kosslyn, S. M., W. L. Thompson, M. F. Costantini-Ferrando, N. M. Alpert and D. Spiegel (2000). "Hypnotic visual illusion alters color processing in the brain." Am J Psychiatry 157(8): 1279-84.To put the studies in perspective, Dr. David Spiegel is the director of the Center on Stress and Health at the Stanford University School of Medicine. All of the above are their publications.

Did slave owners really own Mandingos (slaves that would fight to the death), as portrayed in the film Django Unchained?Thanks for the A2A!I’m not sure that I’ve read any evidence of masters making slaves fight till the death. I wouldn’t put it past them, but I think they more likely would make them fight until they were concussed and could fight no longer.In fact… I know this happened.These activities were known as Battle Royals or Battle Royales.Nowadays when you think of a Battle Royal, you probably envision something like this…But this is where its root come from…Kindly notice that the people witnessing this event are government paid servicemen.The Washington Herald published a story called "Negro Troopers Enjoy Battle-Royal" in 1918. The story, accompanied with a picture, went as follows;"It's a great old game, the battle-royal. It used to be that boxing promoters would get a bunch of husky black boys to climb into a ring and battle for a ten-dollar note, the note going to the boy who was on his feet last. They've made it a little different with some of our negro troops overseas. At a recent athletic carnival in England a bunch of troopers were blindfolded and sent in a ring with the above amusing result" (December 9, 1918). Negro Battle Royal - 2014 - Question of the Month - Jim Crow Museum - Ferris State UniversityAs you can see, they kids are blindfolded, given one boxing glove to wear and a cup to hold (if someone understands the purpose of the cup, please let me know).Now the thing to understand here is that the punches that hurt the worse.. and are the most dangerous… are the ones that you don’t see.They are blindfolded…So I wouldn’t be surprised if these kids suffered permanent damage from some of these fights. I would expect…That they had teeth knocked outThat they suffered eye injuries that weren’t tended toThat they often suffered neurological damage from being concussedThat they weren’t given medical treatment afterwardsThat they couldn’t turn down this wonderful opportunity to get the hell beaten out of them by people that couldn’t even seeKeep in mind that they would make both children and men fight in these events. Sometimes with each other.I wouldn’t be surprised either to find one day that they forced Black women to fight in these spectacles as well. After all, they didn’t mind torturing women in medical experiments.How Black Slaves Were Routinely Sold As ‘Specimens’ To Ambitious White DoctorsThe US medical system is still haunted by slaveryAnd they certainly didn’t mind using them as sex toys and selling the unwanted offspring for profitThe Loathsome Den- Sexual Assault on the Plantation: #MeTooAfricans in America/Part 4/Letters regarding slave women abuseThe Sexual Abuse of Black Men under American SlaverySo making them fight each other seems like something that would be expected.Here are a few accounts of how these Battle Royals worked.[A] ring was drawn on the ground which ranged from about 15 ft. to 30 ft. in diameter depending on the number of contestants who engaged in the combat. Each participant was given a kind of bag that was stuffed with cotton and rags into a very compact mass. When so stuffed, the bags would weigh on an average of 10 pounds, and was used by the contestants in striking their antagonist.Each combatant picked whichever opponent he desired and attempted to subdue him by pounding him over the head with the bag, which he used as his weapon of defense. And which was used as an offending weapon.The contest was continued in this manner till every combatant was counted out, and a hero of the contest proclaimed. Sometimes two contestants were adjudged heroes, and it was necessary to run a contest between the two combatants before a final hero could be proclaimed.Then the two antagonist would stage a battle royal and would continue in the conflict till one was proclaimed victorious. Sometimes these Free-For-All battles were carried on with a kind of improvised pair of boxing gloves, and the contests were carried on in the same manner as previously described.Very often, as many as 30 darkies of the most husky type were engaged in these battles, and the contests were generally attended by large audiences. Being staged during the period of favorable weather, and mostly on Saturday afternoon; these physical exhibitions were the scenes of much controversial conflict, gambling, excessive inebriation and hilarity.~ Frederick Douglass, 1818-1895https://learning.hccs.edu/faculty/selena.anderson/engl2307/readings/battle-royale-by-ralph-ellisonInteresting that these boys appear to range from 12 to 19 years old. I guess no one saw a problem with that.Mind you… these visual depictions are all AFTER slavery was over. One can only imagine how they were treated when they were slaves.Of course, some will be quick to say, “but Robert… White people wouldn’t have done anything to harm their slaves. They loved them like their own children. Plus, the slaves were too valuable to hurt. They were given better treatment than the actual slave masters”We’ve all heard this… or something like this before. So lets pause for a moment to address it.A quick internet search would clear all this up. In fact…This law was created fairly early in the history of American slavery. At the time, there were only about 2000 slaves in this country. But violence against them was already a common place concept. ~ Slavery and the Law in VirginiaAlso, I’ve mentioned this before, but it’s important to note that we have evidence of how brutal slavery was to many of the people who lived under it’s harsh rulesThe bones, almost pristine despite being buried for more than 200 years, represent the emergence of African-American culture in the United States…while most people think of slavery as having been concentrated in rural or the Southern parts of the country, Edna Medford of the Historical Component says New York had a significant slave population during the 18th century….The bones show the hardships the Africans faced the moment they stepped off the slave ships; in some cases they literally were worked to death."You have so many individuals who have trauma or injury to the bone, broken neck bones because they were forced to do that kind of labor," says Ena Fox of Howard University. He [Dr. Michael Blakey] says half of the populations died before they became teen-agers; others died within the first two years of their arrival.Fox, who's been collecting data from the teeth that were found, says defects in the tooth enamel were caused by malnutrition. Further examination of the bones and teeth reveal Africans who were enslaved as children and then shipped here had more cased of metabolic illness and malnutrition than children who spent their childhood in Africa and later died as adults.Signs of arthritis in the neck bones were probably caused by toting heavy items on the head -- a traditional African practice -- and lesions on the thigh bones probably resulted from muscle and ligament tears, Blakey said. "These people were obviously working at the very margins of human endurance and capacity," he said. "Arguably, a few were worked to death in a time when it was considered cost-effective to work slaves to death. Even some 6-year-old children show signs of being worked in what we would today consider an extreme way." ~ Bones reveal little-known tale of New York slaves | 4-22-97 -- Colonial-Era Burial ProjectSo the takeaway here is that slave masters probably didn’t fight their slaves to the death. But this is not because they loved them or because they were worried about their well being. No. It was because they made more money from working them to death than they would from making them fight each other to the death.If they could’ve found a way to make more money from the fighting, they would have done it.So yeah. The fighting happened, and I’m sure that some people were permanently hurt from it. After all… how can you expect to protect yourself in a fight when you’re blindfolded?These fights went under different names and had different rules.Battle RoyaleNigger fightsFree for AllsRough and Tumbleshttps://books.google.com/books?id=R_UACwAAQBAJ&pg=PA310&lpg=PA310&dq=slaves+rough+and+tumbleNow, it must also be said that Irish and other lower class White men would also participant amongst themselves in rough and tumbles. The reasoning behind this is that they weren't, at the time, considered by mainstream Whites to be “part of their group”. As such, they had to face their own brand of ridicule, which would include being called weakling cowards. Often these fights were a way to make money while proving their toughness and manhood to others.These fights continued long after slavery. In later years, the Blacks were either coerced into fighting or paid small amounts for their efforts as White men looked on and made bets on who would last the longest.It was announced in the newspapers as an “Athletic Show” and it began with a “battle royal” boxing bout among five Negroes. Five burly men, stripped to the waist, entered a roped arena on a platform. At the stroke of the bell two couples immediately began sparring. The fifth man then pitched into one of the boxers who seemed to be having the best of it, thus breaking up the pair. The released man turned to the other group and picking out one of the men began without warning to punch him. And so the fight proceeded. No matter how cleverly a man might be holding his own he was always in danger of having someone come at him from behind with a none too well padded fist. Scientific boxing was not in evidence. The contest was one of brutal physical endurance. When a man could keep it up no longer he left the ring and the winner was the man who stayed in longest. As announced, the winner was to receive $4.00, the second place man $2.00, and the third $1.00.At fairs, carnivals, benefits, and holiday festivals throughout the country, battle royals were among the featured events.In the Amarillo Globe Times in 1932, a sports carnival included “wrestling, hosing, comedy, novelty numbers, orchestra and a negro battle royal” (May 9, 1932).In Iowa, a “negro battle royal” was staged at the center of the park for a Fourth of July celebration (Mason City Globe-Gazette, June 29, 1934).At a Firemen’s picnic in Biloxi, Mississippi, it was determined to have a “negro battle royal Sunday at 8 p.m. as a feature attraction (Biloxi Daily Herald, July 6, 1937).Along with bicycle and relay races at the annual Scurry County Fair in Texas, there was a “feast of good things” where community stunts, fiddlers, string band contests and a negro battle royal were going on every day during the fair (Abilene Reporter News, September 22, 1929).In between horse races and bicycle races at the state fairgrounds in Wheeling, West Virginia, a battle royal “between six colored boys” would be part of the “amusements” (Wheeling Daily Intelligencer, August 7, 1899).(Recreation in Springfield, Illinois 1914) ~ Battle Royal: When whites paid black men to beat the hell out of each otherA rare interracial battle royal including "four colored boys and two white boys" ended when one of the white participants "quit the ring rather than take the chance of being knocked out by a little colored fellow named Cal Butler." The white contestant "asserted that he was entitled to a draw, but the referee's decision gave the fight to Butler" (Omaha Daily Bee, November 9, 1900).A featherweight championship bout featuring Abe Attell had an undercard battle royal "between five negro employees of the race track" (Los Angeles Herald, December 10, 1908).The "most interesting part" of a boxing program at the Ardmore Airdome in Oklahoma, "will be the battle royal by five negroes. This feature alone furnishes more amusement than a whole sideshow." The article mentions that the "proceeds will be given to the Confederate home committee" (The Daily Ardmoreite, September 15, 1910).In Utah, a "Comical Boxing Bout" put the crowd in a good humor "by a comical exhibition of a battle royal between five negroes who pummeled each other with large boxing gloves… When the sport dragged, one of the battle royal kids kindly dropped to the mat and was counted out" (The Evening Standard, January 23, 1913)."Six big, husky negroes were mingling in a battle royal at the old Long Acre Club, in Twenty-ninth Street, one night. To be more exact, five were big, but the other hadn't flirted with a steak in weeks. It so happened that the five picked on the one, and ere long the little fellow was knocked down. He was wise, this little fellow, and, rising on all-fours, he crawled across the ring, climbed over the lower rope, and dropped to the floor. 'Hey, you!' yelled Mike Newman, 'ain't you going to fight any more?' 'Oh, yes 'Marse Newman. Ahm goin' to fight plenty more. But no more to-night!' replied the coon, and he kept his word" (The New York Tribune, August 18, 1915).Closing the bill was the battle royal between six colored fighters. This was the funniest bout that has been staged in this city for some time. Every one crowded to the ringside to see the grand hubbub. They entered the ring, all kinds, big and husky, black and tan. With no referee in the ring they went at it. One darky opened up with corking another boy and they all went after him. He was sent rolling out of the ring for his offence. Down they went one after another until only three were left. Two of these set out to beat the other one up. Reading defeat, he retired and left one tall lanky "brown skin" and another husky black boy to settle the argument. They fought for about a minute when the black one was sent sprawling through the ropes and the lanky "high yella" grinned and picked up the money the fans had thrown in the ring and was declared the victor" (October 29, 1920).On a particular Saturday night "Ten thousand on-lookers see dem big Negroes in the Ring!!! A ring full of gloves and hour full of fun Wild Swings-haymakers-Upper Cuts Amusing-Ludicrous Free Fun for everybody" (Denton Record-Chronicle, October 3, 1930)."Act one of the evening's performance opened with a negro battle royal. The darkies were blindfolded and battled one round, and then their blindfolds were removed, and they went another round. The two survivors sparred and battled for two rounds. The victor left the mat as the colored orchestra played 'Bye-Bye Blackbirds,' for the vanquished" ( Corsicana Daily Sun, August 28, 1931).In an apparent effort to increase diversity among the boxing audiences, a "Negro Battle Royal" was among the featured events and it was said, "these matches will be run under the very highest standards and no one need hesitate bringing their wife and children" (Corsicana Daily Sun, July 21, 1933).I guess you can’t blame the black participants for their role in this. After all… the only other jobs they had available to them at the time wereButlerField handMaidFoot servantSex workerSleeping car porterSteel mill workerMinstrel show performerSeveral well known Black people had to fight in these events either because they were slaves or because they needed to put food on the table. Some that you might know areJack Johnson - Unforgivable Blackness . Sparring . Johnson's RiseBeau Jack - Beau Jack, 78, Lightweight Boxing Champion in the 1940'sHenry Armstrong - The Great Henry Armstrong • Boxing NewsJoe Gans - Gant, Joe “Gans” (1874-1910)Tom Molineaux (Slave fights)- The shameful story of how - 200 years ago this week - a bigoted mob cheated a freed slave out of the British heavyweight title | The Life of Bare-knuckle Boxer Tom MolineauxBill Richmond (Slave fights) - Bill Richmond – the pioneering pugilist - Black History Month 2018 | Black History Month Celebrating the Great Black British AchieversEssay about Battle Royal, by Ralph EllisonNegro Battle Royal - 2014 - Question of the Month - Jim Crow Museum - Ferris State University