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You've conflated two questions here that have separate answers.How did Joseph Smith convince some people that he was a prophet in the early 1800's?Smith benefited from good timing. He didn't necessarily 'convince' some people that he was a prophet, a lot of people were actively looking for prophetic leadership. Smith's followers came out of a who's who of early 20th century seeker traditions.There are entire books written about this, but here's just a couple of short examplesSidney Rigdon was associated with both the Baptist church and the Campbellite Restorationist (Disciples of Christ) movement. The Campbellites were specifically looking for change from within the church, and a restoration of early Christian doctrines and practices.Willford Woodruff's missionary success in the UK was less to do with personal charisma and far more to do with a congregation of Methodists called the United Brethren in Manchester who were actively looking for prophetic leadership.How did Joseph Smith convince both men and women that God wanted to restore polygamy since it's not in the Bible?I'm sorry, have you read the Bible? It's full of polygamy.Smith used the Bible, along with his prophetic pretensions to convince a select group of his followers (including many but not all members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles he formed) to engage in polygamy.Mary Elizabeth Rawling's Lightner, one of Smith's early and young plural wives, used some interesting language later in her life while defending polygamy. This is from an address at BYU in 1905 when she was quite elderly.An angel came to him [Joseph Smith] and the last time he came with a drawn sword in his hand and told Joseph if he did not go into that principle [polygamy], he would slay him. Joseph said he talked to him soberly about it, and told him it was an abomination and quoted scripture to him. He said in the Book of Mormon it was an abomination in the eyes of the Lord, and they were to adhere to these things except the Lord speak . . .[The Prophet reported that] the angel came to me three times between the years of 1834 and 1842 and said I was to obey that principle or he would slay me.Another young girl, Helen Mar Kimball, explained Smith's approach this way.[He explained] the principle of Celestial marrage(sic)...After which he said to me, ‘If you will take this step, it will ensure your eternal salvation & exaltation and that of your father’s household & all of your kindred.[‘] This promise was so great that I willingly gave myself to purchase so glorious a reward. None but God & his angels could see my mother’s bleeding heart-when Joseph asked her if she was willing...She had witnessed the sufferings of others, who were older & who better understood the step they were taking, & to see her child, who had scarcely seen her fifteenth summer, following in the same thorny path, in her mind she saw the misery which was as sure to come...; but it was all hidden from me.Smith's approach, at least in these two cases emphasizes his prophetic claims, his claims of visions and his claim to authority over his follower's salvation.Smith is exceptional but he is not unusual. His place in American history is assured by both his own actions and the actions of Brigham Young and Wilford Woodruff who followed him and pulled the LDS church away from a catastrophic collision with the American government.Smith follows a pattern of prophetic claims, apocalyptic preaching and sexual exploitation of vulnerable followers that was also seen in other charismatic group leaders like David Koresh, Jim Jones, and the followers of Osho in Oregon in 1984.I highly recommend this recent article in Rolling Stone, Love and Death In the House of Prayer. It's a microcosm of the kind of mental manipulation that charismatic cult leaders can exercise. If you can't see how people can fall victim to this kind of mental manipulation, it's not because they were dumber in the 1830's and 1840's. Cult leaders tap into fundamental human desires for meaning and connection and everyone is vulnerable to this.Important additional sources from a comment:Smith's ideas of eternal increase and larger 'kingdoms' when one was sealed to more people comes from a couple of places. Take a look at Doctrine and Covenants 132 and the King Follett Discourse as starting points for primary sourcesSmith's sealing theology is a large idea in and of itself, worthy of a book length treatment. It is based on the idea that Christ's return was imminent, there's solid evidence that Smith believed that Christs return would occur in 1891 and that that belief was widely shared (but not official doctrine) by many of his successors through 1891.With that in mind, sealing's and plural marriages had a kind of frenetic quality to them as they were a quick 'restoration of all things' before an imminent Apocalypse (which the Civil War was supposed to ring in). Smith spent a significant amount of time with his bible revision, (called the Joseph Smith Translation or the Inspired Version, but to call it a translation is a severe stretch) and a lot of ideas come from that unique document.Smith's ideas of eternal families also come from a document he produced called the Book of Abraham, which is curiously both accepted scripture and has it's orgin story of translation from Egyptian papyrus officially disavowed. (This is, by my estimation, the craziest bit of Mormon scripture, with it's best bits crammed into Abraham 3.

Please brace yourselves for a long answer.Index:Countries with “The” in their abbreviated namesEnclaves and exclaves: covering countries, parts of countries and special casesCountries with name having “And” in abbreviated/official namesGuineasCountries named after rivers and Countries named after peopleCaliforniasPlaces with same names as the entities they are inPlaces having “New” in their name and the story behind itThe United KingdomOverseas FranceTerritories of USARealm of New ZealandPlaces with very long namesThe Bahamas and The Gambia:There are two countries in the world that have the word “The” as a formal part of the abbreviated name: The Bahamas[1] and The Gambia[2]. They are officially known as Republic of the Gambia and Commonwealth of the Bahamas respectively.Location of The Bahamas (Source: The Bahamas - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamas#/media/File:LocationBahamas.svg))Location of The Gambia (Source: The Gambia - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia#/media/File:Gambia_(orthographic_projection_with_inset).svg))Also, The Gambia is peculiar in that in its entirety, it is located on the two banks of the downstream half of Gambia river and its mouth.Enclaves and Exclaves:[3]There are three landlocked countries in the world entirely surrounded by just one country. They are called true enclaved countries:Vatican City State[4][5] surrounded by Italy, the smallest country in the worldRepublic of San Marino[6] surrounded by ItalyKingdom of Lesotho[7] surrounded by South Africa, which also is the only country lying completely more than 1000m above sea levelExclaves: There are some regions that belong to one country but are completely surrounded by one more foreign countries.Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, surrounded by Armenia, Iran and Turkey entirely, belongs to Azerbaijan[8]Llívia, belonging to Spain is entirely surrounded by France[9]Campione d'Italia belongs to Italy and is surrounded by Switzerland[10]Büsingen am Hochrhein belongs to Germany and is surrounded by Switzerland[11]Likoma and Chizumulu Islands in Lake Malawi are enclaves and exclaves of Malawi, surrounded by Mozambique territorial waters[12] [13]UAE presents a peculiar case regarding enclaves and exclave:Hatta in Dubai emirate borders Oman to the east and the south, the Ajmani exclave of Masfut to the west, and Ras al-Khaimah to the north[14]Masfut surrounded by Ras al-Khaimah, the Dubai exclave of Hatta, and Oman, is part of Ajman emirate[15]Nahwa, part of Sharjah emirate is enclaved by Omani territory of Madha, itself surrounded by Sharjah[16][17]. This is an example of counter-enclave.Map showing the non-contiguous Belgian exclaves of Baarle-Hertog in Netherlands which, in turn, has Dutch enclaves within it.Dutch municipality of Baarle-Nassau has seven exclaves in two exclaves of the Belgian municipality of Baarle-Hertog[18][19]Third Order Enclave: Dahala Khagrabari[20] was an Indian enclave belonging to the District of Cooch Behar in West Bengal. This was a piece of India within a piece of Bangladesh within a piece of India within Bangladesh.The name has and:There are 7 nations in the world that have “and” in their name, signifying that they are composed of 2 (or more) distinct regions:Bosnia and Herzegovina[21]→ Approximate borders between two modern-day regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia (marked dark brown) and Herzegovina (marked light brown) [Source: File:Bosna regija update.jpg - Wikipedia]Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe[22]: It consists of 2 archipelagos around the two main islands of São Tomé and Príncipe→ Source: File:São Tomé and Príncipe - Location Map (2013) - STP - UNOCHA.svg - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_STP_-_UNOCHA.svg)Trinidad & Tobago (officially Republic of Trinidad and Tobago)[23]: It consists of two islands Trinidad and Tobago, ceded to Britain in 1802 under Treaty of Amiens as separate states and unified in 1889.→ Source:File:Trinidad and Tobago - Location Map (2013) - TTO - UNOCHA.svg - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trinidad_and_Tobago_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_TTO_-_UNOCHA.svg)Saint Vincent & the Grenadines[24]→ Source: File:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Location Map (2013) - VCT - UNOCHA.svg - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_VCT_-_UNOCHA.svg)Antigua and Barbuda[25]: It is named after its major islands→ Source: File:Antigua and Barbuda - Location Map (2013) - ATG - UNOCHA.svg - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antigua_and_Barbuda_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_ATG_-_UNOCHA.svg)Saint Kitts & Nevis (Federation of Saint Christopher & Nevis)[26]→ Source: File:Saint Kitts and Nevis - Location Map (2013) - KNA - UNOCHA.svg - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_KNA_-_UNOCHA.svg)United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland→ The 4 countries of UKGBNI with 3 ltying on Great Britain island and the remaining one comprising northern part of Ireland island [Source: United Kingdom - Wikipedia]Guineas:Guinea is the traditional name of coastal western Africa. The historical colonies of French Guinea, Spanish Guinea and Portuguese Guinea gained independence in that order and subsequently named themselves after the region.French Guinea became Guinea[27] in 1958.Spanish Guinea became Equatorial Guinea[28] in 1968.Portuguese Guinea became Guinea-Bissau[29] in 1973; Bissau is its capital.New Guinea island was named after this region and subsequently gave the name to the country Papua New Guinea.[30][31]Whats in a name? An entire riverThere are many rivers whose names are source of names of places.Countries:Belize river - Belize[32][33]Paraguay river - Republic of Paraguay[34][35]Jordan river - Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan[36][37]Moldova river - Republic of Moldova[38][39]Uruguay river - Oriental Republic of Uruguay[40][41]Zambezi river - Republic of Zambia[42][43]Niger: Niger river[44] lends its name to 2 nations: Niger (Republic of the Niger)[45] and Nigeria (Federal Republic of Nigeria)[46], which are neighbours.The largest state in Nigeria is also called Niger.[47]Congo: Congo river[48] lends name to 2 nations: Democratic Republic of the Congo[49] and Republic of the Congo[50]. (No that is not a typo).The former Belgian colony of Congo, named Belgian Congo became Republic of the Congo[51] after its independence in 1960, renamed to Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1964, renamed to Zaire in 1971 with the Congo river’s named changed to Zaire[52], finally being renamed to Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1997.Senegal river - Senegal[53][54]Indus (Sindhu, Hindu): [55] Things get interesting here. In Saṁskr̥ta, the river is called Sindhu, in Avestan it was called Hindu which was adopted as the name of the region to east of it in Iran. The name was passed on to Greeks as Indus, lending its European name to the region as India.The present day country and the historical region India (and Hindustan) are named after the river, as is Indian Ocean, Indian Plate and Indian Subcontinent.The inhabitants of the region were called Hindus, and the name was applied to their collective faiths as well i.e. Hindu/Hinduism, now used in a much narrower sense. The language[56] developed as the intended lingua franca of the region was named Hindustani (later Hindavi, and finally Hindi — It is the official language of Republic of India but doesn’t have nationwide usage in terms of speakers)The Sindh province in Pakistan is also named after the river.When Columbus set sail, he was trying to find India. He mistook the region he landed on as India and subsequently the inhabitants were called Indians; the region was in fact Americas. The islands he landed on were later named West Indies (now Caribbean Basin) when the mistake was identified, and the original region as East Indies.[57][58] West Indies is also the name of the cricket team that represents the countries in that region.[59]Indonesia’s name means Indian islands - it is a country named after a country named after a river.Regions of countries:Bosna river is the source of the name of Bosnia region of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[60]Whats in a name? This time a personThere are many places named after people, usually cities like Gandhinagar, Washington etc. (Some have been discussed in one of the succeeding sections) There are countries named after people too.Americas and USA:The continents North America & South America and the country United States of America are all named after Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci, deriving from his first name’s Latin version - Americus.[61] Vespucci first demonstrated in about 1502 that Brazil and West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as initially conjectured from Columbus' voyages, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to Europeans.Countries named after local ruler/chieftains:Republic of Mozambique - Mussa Bin Bique, the 1st known ruler of the country[62]Kingdom of Eswatini (Swaziland) - King Mswati II[63]Republic of Uzbekistan - Sultan Mohammed Öz Beg, better known as Uzbeg or Ozbeg Khan[64]Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - The country is technically named after the founder Mohammad ibn Saud’s father Saud ibn Muhammad ibn Muqrin[65][66]Nicaragua - Nicarao, said to be the name of an indigenous chieftain who presided over a territory in southwestern Nicaragua during early 16th century CEBolivia and Venezuela (as in its official name: Bolivarian Republic of) - Simon Bolivar, Venezuelan military and political leader who played a leading role in establishment of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama as sovereign states, independent of Spanish ruleCountries named after European explorers/colonialists/rulers:USA has already been discussedThe Philippines - King Philip II of Spain[67][68]Colombia - Christopher Columbus[69]Mauritius - Maurice, Prince of Orange[70]Kiribati - British mariner Thomas Gilbert (The name is the pronunciation of Gilbert in the native language Gilbertese)[71]Seychelles - Jean Moreau de Séchelles, a French official and politician[72]Marshall Islands - British explorer John Marshall[73]Countries named after Abrahamic saints or legendary figures:El Salvador - The name means The Saviour, and refers to Jesus[74]The capital is named San Salvador, meaning Saint Saviour, also referring to JesusDominican Republic - Saint Dominic[75]Saint Lucia - Saint Lucy[76]San Marino - Saint Marinus[77]Solomon Islands - King Solomon of Israel and Judah[78]Israel - Jacob, also called Israel in Bible[79]Countries named after local legendary figures:The founding myth of Slavic countries involves three brothers - Rus, Czech and Lech who founded, respectively Russia, Czechia (Czech Republic) and Lechia (now called Poland)[80]Norway - Nór[81]Denmark - legendary king DanDemocratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe:São Tomé - Portuguese for Saint Thomas[82]Príncipe - Portuguese for Prince's island in honor of Afonso, Prince of Portugal[83]Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:Saint Vincent - Saint Vincent of Saragossa[84]Edit 16–12–2018Cook Islands[85]: James Cook[86], a British navigatorThis answer of mine: Aditya Garg (आदित्य गर्ग)'s answer to How many islands does India have? discusses the islands of India named after people as a part of it.So many places, same names:Victoria: [87] There are a hell lot of places named Victoria. The list seems endless, so I will llist only a few:Australia has Victoria state[88] and Province of Victoria[89] that happen to be neighborsVictoria, the capital of British Columbia, Canada[90]. [Please also see: List of electoral districts in Greater Victoria - Wikipedia]Hong Kong has Victoria city, Victoria harbour and Victoria peak [91][92][93]Lake Victoria, one of the African Great Lakes[94]The capital of Seychelles is called Victoria[95]There is a Victoria in each of the states Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Texas, West Virginia, Virginia and Missouri in USA.Kansas:[96]There is Kansas city in the state of Kansas, USAThere is also Kansas city in Missouri, and happens to be the state’s largest city.Then, there is Kansas city in OregonBirmingham:[97]Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England.There is Birmingham in each of Alabama, Connecticut, Kentucky, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey and Illinois, 2 in Pennsylvania and 3 in Ohio in USA.Virginia:[98]Virginia and West Virginia are states of USA. Then there is a place named Virginia in each of California, Illinois, Minnesota, Missouri and Nebraska. And there is Virginia Beach in Virginia state.There is Virginia in Queensland and in South Australia in AustraliaWashington:[99] The places named Washington are almost all named after George Washington, the 1st President of USA.The capital of USA is Washington D.C. There is a state of USA named Washington.Then there is 1 Washington each in Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia states and 2 in California. There are multiple Washington named places in Wisconsin state.[100]Image: The Californias (Source: The Californias - Wikipedia)The Californias:[101]The state of California of USA and the 2 states of Baja California and Baja California Sur (again, not a typo) of Mexico form the region called The Californias.Place-ception:Panama the nation has a province named Panama which has Panama City, the country’s and the province’s capital. In 2014, 5 districts of Panama province were separated to create Panama Oeste province.[102]Guatemala the nation has the province Guatemala, housing the capital of both the province and country, Guatemala City.[103]Belize, the nation has a district named Belize whose capital is named Belize City.[104]Puducherry, Yanam, Mahe and Karaikal are municipalities which are the capitals of eponymous districts: Puducherry, Yanam, Mahe and Karaikal. Puducherry district is the capital of the Union Territory of India comprised of these 4 districts, itself called Puducherry.[105]Grand Duchy of Luxembourg[106] has a canton (division) named Luxembourg[107] in the former district Luxembourg, having Luxembourg City[108], the capital of the canton and the nation.In the new:Many places on being founded were simply named after an existing place, with New (or similar word) prefixed:New Delhi, Navi Mumbai and Naya Raipur were named after Delhi, Mumbai and Raipur respectively - all lying in India.USA:New Hampshire is named after Hampshire County, England. It lies in the geographical area named New England.[109][110]New Jersey was named after Jersey island in English Channel [discussed below under UK][111]New Mexico recieved its name long before the country Mexico was established; it was named by Spanish as Nuevo Mexico[112]Papua New Guinea has the provinces called East New Britain[113], West New Britain[114] and New Ireland[115]. The island on which it lies, New Guinea, is named after Guinea region of Africa.New Zealand’s name is the anglicised name of Novo Zeelandia given by Dutch explorers to the region after Zeeland province of Netherlands.[116]United Kingdom: (Topic’s name changed as part of edit - read after the end of images)Source: British Isles - WikipediaImage: Euler Diagram of British Isles (Source: Datei:British Isles Euler diagram 15.svg – Wikipedia (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:British_Isles_Euler_diagram_15.svg))Edit: 05–07–2018United Kingdom’s official name: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.UK comprises 4 countries (although UK would be classified as a country by most standards, a better term is sovereign state) -Scotland[117]Wales[118]England[119]Northern Ireland[120] - the only part of UK to have a land boundary (with Republic of Ireland)Crown Dependencies[121]: 3 islands which are part of British Islands but not part of UK - they are non-sovereign and are self governing possesions of UK’s crown (marked in black in first image):Bailiwick of Guernsey - comprising the islands of Guernsey, Sark, Alderney, Brecqhou, Herm, Jethou and LihouBailiwick of Jersey - comprising the island of Jersey, the largest of Channel Islands, and uninhabited islets such as Minquiers and ÉcréhousIsle of Man or Mann, an island located in Irish SeaThe Bailiwicks are located in English Channel, and as such form part of Channel Islands.British Overseas Territories:[122] In addition to the 4 countries and 3 Crown Dependencies, UK also has sovereignity over 14 territories which are parts of British Empire that have not been granted independence or have voted to remain British territories. With exception of Gibraltar, they are not part of European Union.British Overseas Territories (Source: British Overseas Territories - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories#/media/File:United_Kingdom_(%2Boverseas_territories)_in_the_World_(%2BAntarctica_claims).svg))Territories with some permanent population:Anguilla - located in CaribbeanBermuda - located in North Atlantic OceanBritish Virgin Islands (BVI), officially simply "Virgin Islands" - located in Caribbbean regionCayman Islands - located in CaribbeanFalkland Islands - located in South Atlantic Ocean on Patagonian ShelfGibraltar - located in Iberian PeninsulaMontserrat - located in CarribbeanPitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands - a group of four islands in the southern Pacific OceanSaint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha - located in South AtlanticTurks and Caicos Islands - located in North AtlanticSovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia - located in Cyprus island in Mediterranean SeaTerritories with with temporary population only:British Antarctic TerritoryBritish Indian Ocean TerritorySouth Georgia and South Sandwich Islands - located in South AtlanticOverseas France:Overseas France (French: France d'outre-mer) consists of all French-administerd territories outside the Europe. Just like UK, France has sovereignity over many territories that lie outside Europe.Source: Overseas France - WikipediaThese territories are themselves divided into collectivities and departments.Overseas Departments - they have powers equal to metropolital France:French Guiana[123] in South AmericaGuadeloupe[124] in Caribbean (North America)Martinique[125] in Caribbean (North America)Mayotte[126] in Indian Ocean (Africa)Réunion[127] in Indian Ocean (Africa)Overseas Collectivities (official names are in parenthesis) - they have a particular status and high degree of autonomy:French Polynesia[128] in South PacificSaint Barthélemy[129] (Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy) in West IndiesSaint Martin[130] (Collectivity of Saint Martin) in CaribbeanSaint Pierre and Miquelon[131] (Overseas Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon) in Northwestern AtlanticWallis and Futuna[132] (Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands) in South PacificNew Caledonia[133] lying in southwest Pacific is a special collectivity - as a result of the 1998 Nouméa Accord, it gained a special status (statut particulier or statut original) in 1999. A New Caledonian citizenship was established, and a gradual transfer of power from France to New Caledonia was begun, to last from 15 to 20 years.France also posseses uninhabited overseas territories:Clipperton Island[134] in eastern PacificFrench Southern and Antarctic Lands[135] - itself consisting of 5 group of islands:Kerguelen Islands (Archipel des Kerguelen), a group of volcanic islands in southern Indian OceanSt. Paul and Amsterdam islands (Îles Saint Paul et Amsterdam), a group north of KerguelenCrozet Islands (Îles Crozet), a group in southern Indian Ocean, south of MadagascarAdélie Land (Terre Adélie), French claim on AntarcticaScattered Islands (Îles Éparses), a scattered group of islands around the coast of Madagascar[Yep, there is a group of scattered islands called Scattered Islands.]Edit 22–07–2018:Well USA can’t be left behind, right?Territories of USA:USA has 16 non-soveriegn territories directly administered by federal government instead of any state government, although 2 of them are actually administered by Republic of Colombia.[136]Territories of USA (Source: Territories of the United States - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States#/media/File:US_insular_areas.svg))Permanently inhabited territories:Puerto Rico in Caribbean and North AtlanticUS Virgin Islands in Caribbean and North AtlanticGuam in Micronesia and North PacificNorthern Mariana Islands in Micronesia and North PacificAmerican Samoa in Polynesia and South PacificUninhabited Territories:Baker Island in North PacificHowland Island in North PacificJarvis Island in South Pacific and PolynesiaJohnston Atoll in North PacificKingman reef in North Pacific and PolynesiaMidway Atoll in North PacificNavassa Island in North Atlantic and CaribbeanPalmyra Atoll in North Pacific and PolynesiaWake Island in Micronesia and North PacificBaja Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank are adminstered by Colombia but claimed by USAThere are many previous territories of USA that later became independent sovereign countries:PhillippinesMarshall IslandsPalauMicronesia (the nation: Federated States of Micronesia)Realm of New Zealand:Realm of New Zealand [Source: File:NZL orthographic NaturalEarth labelled en.svg - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NZL_orthographic_NaturalEarth_labelled_en.svg)]Realm of New Zealand is the region where Queen of New Zealand (presently the Queen of UKGBNI) is the head of the state.[137]This region comprises:one sovereign nation - New Zealand, along with its Antarctic claim - Ross Dependencydependent territory named Tokelau[138]2 associated states[139] - Cook Islands and Niue.[Note: Associated statehood is a complex statehood, it is better to make a separate reading about the topic]Places with very long names:Certain places have such long names that pronuncing them is really difficult.Taumatawhakatangi­hangakoauauotamatea­turipukakapikimaunga­horonukupokaiwhen­uakitanatahu[140], New Zealand: the names means - “The summit where Tamatea, the man with the big knees, the climber of mountains, the land-swallower who travelled about, played his nose flute to his loved one”. This is listed in Guinness World Records as the place with longest official name.The ceremonial name of Bangkok, Thailand is even longer than the previous entry - Krungthepmahanakhon Amonrattanakosin Mahintharayutthaya Mahadilokphop Noppharatratchathaniburirom Udomratchaniwetmahasathan Amonphimanawatansathit Sakkathattiyawitsanukamprasit. It means - “City of angels, great city of immortals, magnificent city of the nine gems, seat of the king, city of royal palaces, home of deities incarnate, erected by Viśvakarman at Indra's behest”.Then there are some names that not so long but their names have weird meanings:Tweebuffelsmeteenskootmorsdoodgeskietfontein[141] in North West province, South Africa.Its name means: Two-Buffalos-Shot-Totally-Dead-with-One-Shot FountainMamungkukumpurangkuntjunya[142] in South Australia, Australia.Its name means: Where the devil urinatesSee others answers by me related to geography:Guinea (region and the countries): Aditya Garg (आदित्य गर्ग)'s answer to Why do so many countries have "Guinea" in their name?Indian subcontinent: Aditya Garg (आदित्य गर्ग)'s answer to What is the Indian subcontinent?Footnotes[1] The Bahamas - Wikipedia[2] The Gambia - Wikipedia[3] List of enclaves and exclaves - Wikipedia[4] Vatican City - Wikipedia[5] Holy See - Wikipedia[6] San Marino - Wikipedia[7] Lesotho - Wikipedia[8] Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic - Wikipedia[9] Llívia - Wikipedia[10] Campione d'Italia - Wikipedia[11] Büsingen am Hochrhein - Wikipedia[12] Likoma Island - Wikipedia[13] Chizumulu Island - Wikipedia[14] Hatta, United Arab Emirates - Wikipedia[15] Masfut - Wikipedia[16] Nahwa - Wikipedia[17] Madha - Wikipedia[18] Baarle-Nassau - Wikipedia[19] Baarle-Hertog - Wikipedia[20] Dahala Khagrabari - Wikipedia[21] Bosnia and Herzegovina - Wikipedia[22] São Tomé and Príncipe - Wikipedia[23] Trinidad and Tobago - Wikipedia[24] Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Wikipedia[25] Antigua and Barbuda - Wikipedia[26] Saint Kitts and Nevis - Wikipedia[27] Guinea - Wikipedia[28] Equatorial Guinea - Wikipedia[29] Guinea-Bissau - Wikipedia[30] New Guinea - Wikipedia[31] Papua New Guinea - Wikipedia[32] Belize - Wikipedia[33] Belize River - Wikipedia[34] Paraguay - Wikipedia[35] Paraguay River - Wikipedia[36] Jordan - Wikipedia[37] Jordan River - Wikipedia[38] Moldova - Wikipedia[39] Moldova River - Wikipedia[40] Uruguay - Wikipedia[41] Uruguay River - Wikipedia[42] Zambia - Wikipedia[43] Zambezi - Wikipedia[44] Niger River - Wikipedia[45] Niger - Wikipedia[46] Nigeria - Wikipedia[47] Niger State - Wikipedia[48] Congo River - Wikipedia[49] Democratic Republic of the Congo - Wikipedia[50] Republic of the Congo - Wikipedia[51] Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) - Wikipedia[52] Zaire - Wikipedia[53] Senegal River - Wikipedia[54] Senegal - Wikipedia[55] Indus River - Wikipedia[56] Hindustani language - Wikipedia[57] East Indies - Wikipedia[58] West Indies - Wikipedia[59] West Indies cricket team - Wikipedia[60] Bosna (river) - Wikipedia[61] Amerigo Vespucci - Wikipedia[62] Mussa Bin Bique - Wikipedia[63] Mswati II - Wikipedia[64] Öz Beg Khan - Wikipedia[65] Muhammad bin Saud - Wikipedia[66] Saud ibn Muhammad ibn Muqrin - Wikipedia[67] Philip II of Spain - Wikipedia[68] Philippines - Wikipedia[69] Colombia - Wikipedia[70] Maurice, Prince of Orange - Wikipedia[71] Thomas Gilbert (sea captain) - Wikipedia[72] Jean Moreau de Séchelles - Wikipedia[73] John Marshall (British captain) - Wikipedia[74] El Salvador - Wikipedia[75] Saint Dominic - Wikipedia[76] Saint Lucy - Wikipedia[77] Saint Marinus - Wikipedia[78] Solomon - Wikipedia[79] Jacob - Wikipedia[80] Lech, Czech, and Rus - Wikipedia[81] Nór - Wikipedia[82] São Tomé - Wikipedia[83] Príncipe - Wikipedia[84] Vincent of Saragossa - Wikipedia[85] Cook Islands - Wikipedia[86] James Cook - Wikipedia[87] Victoria - Wikipedia[88] Victoria (Australia) - Wikipedia[89] Province of Victoria - Wikipedia[90] Victoria, British Columbia - Wikipedia[91] Victoria, Hong Kong - Wikipedia[92] Victoria Harbour - Wikipedia[93] Victoria Peak - Wikipedia[94] Lake Victoria - Wikipedia[95] Victoria, Seychelles - Wikipedia[96] Kansas City (disambiguation) - Wikipedia[97] Birmingham (disambiguation) - Wikipedia[98] Virginia (disambiguation) - Wikipedia[99] Washington - Wikipedia[100] Washington, Wisconsin - Wikipedia[101] The Californias - Wikipedia[102] Panama - Wikipedia[103] Guatemala - Wikipedia[104] Belize - Wikipedia[105] Puducherry - Wikipedia[106] Luxembourg - Wikipedia[107] Luxembourg (canton) - Wikipedia[108] Luxembourg City - Wikipedia[109] New Hampshire - Wikipedia[110] New England - Wikipedia[111] New Jersey - Wikipedia[112] New Mexico - Wikipedia[113] East New Britain Province - Wikipedia[114] West New Britain Province - Wikipedia[115] New Ireland Province - Wikipedia[116] New Zealand - Wikipedia[117] Scotland - Wikipedia[118] Wales - Wikipedia[119] England - Wikipedia[120] Northern Ireland - Wikipedia[121] Crown dependencies - Wikipedia[122] British Overseas Territories - Wikipedia[123] French Guiana - Wikipedia[124] Guadeloupe - Wikipedia[125] Martinique - Wikipedia[126] Mayotte - Wikipedia[127] Réunion - Wikipedia[128] French Polynesia - Wikipedia[129] Saint Barthélemy - Wikipedia[130] Collectivity of Saint Martin - Wikipedia[131] Saint Pierre and Miquelon - Wikipedia[132] Wallis and Futuna - Wikipedia[133] New Caledonia - Wikipedia[134] Clipperton Island - Wikipedia[135] French Southern and Antarctic Lands - Wikipedia[136] Territories of the United States - Wikipedia[137] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand[138] Tokelau - Wikipedia[139] Associated state - Wikipedia[140] Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu - Wikipedia[141] Tweebuffelsmeteenskootmorsdoodgeskietfontein - Wikipedia[142] Mamungkukumpurangkuntjunya Hill - Wikipedia

When I looked at your article, it seemed to have roughly equal numbers from both parties. So I wrote a quick program to count them up. You are correct that there are only 57 Democrats compared to 64 Republicans (all listed below).But I’m not convinced of your pattern. For one thing the list is not complete. For another, there’s a huge variation in charges. The first Republican entry, for example is 11 days in jail for DWI, while the first Democratic one is 3 and a half years in prison for bribery. I think a complete list, weighted for severity, would show about equal for both parties.I did a word count on the lists to get some crude idea of any differences between the parties. Here are the most common words excluding common English words that don’t convey much information, along with how often the words showed up for each party.Campaign violations seem equal, as does fraud. But Republicans seem much more likely to perjure and obstruct, while Democrats conspire. Republicans seems to get lighter penalties, more fines, jail, probation, resignation and suspended sentences; less prison and sentenced. Depending on your partisanship, you can assume Democrats commit worse crimes, or Republicans get lighter treatment from courts. There is a huge gender gap in federal crimes, but the Democrats are more equal than the Republicans.One surprise is only two from each party were pardoned, I had an idea that federal officials convicted of crimes had good chances of pardons. Also, four Democrats but no Republicans were re-elected.DemocratsAlbert Bustamante (D-Texas) was convicted of accepting bribes and sentenced to three and one-half years in prison. (1993) [69]Alcee Hastings (D), Federal District court judge impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate of soliciting a bribe (1989).[166] Subsequently, elected to the U.S. House of Representatives (1992)Andrew J. May (D-Kentucky) Convicted of accepting bribes in 1947 from a war munitions manufacturer. Was sentenced to 9 months in prison, after which he was pardoned by Truman (D) in 1952.[143]Anthony Weiner (D-NY)[3] was convicted of sending sexually explicit photos of himself to a 15-year-old girl and was made to sign the sexual offenders register. (2017)[4]Austin Murphy (D-PA) was convicted of one count of voter fraud for filling out absentee ballots for members of a nursing home. (1999) [55]Bertram Podell (D-New York), pleaded guilty to conspiracy and conflict of interest. He was fined $5,000 and served four months in prison. (1974)[123]Carl C. Perkins (D-Kentucky) pleaded guilty to a check kiting scheme involving several financial institutions (including the House Bank).[58]Carroll Hubbard (D-Kentucky) was convicted of illegally funneling money to his wife's 1992 campaign to succeed him in congress.[59]Chaka Fattah (D-PA) was convicted on 23 counts of racketeering, fraud, and other corruption charges. (2016)[10]Charles Diggs (D-Michigan), convicted on 29 charges of mail fraud and filing false payroll forms which formed a kickback scheme with his staff. Sentenced to 3 years (1978) [110]Cornelius Gallagher (D-New Jersey) pleaded guilty to tax evasion, and served two years in prison.[130]Corrine Brown (D-FL) was convicted on 18 felony counts of wire and tax fraud, conspiracy, lying to federal investigators, and other corruption charges. (2017)[5]Dan Flood (D-PA) censured for bribery. After a trial ended in a deadlocked jury, pleaded guilty and was sentenced to a year's probation.[103][104]Dan Rostenkowski (D-IL) was convicted and sentenced to 18 months in prison, in 1995.[63]Daniel Brewster (D-Maryland) pleaded no contest to accepting "an unlawful gratuity without corrupt intent."[134]Darleen A. Druyun (D), Principal Deputy United States Under Secretary of the Air Force.[46] She pleaded guilty to inflating the price of contracts to favor her future employer, Boeing. In October 2004, she was sentenced to nine months in jail for corruption, fined $5,000, given three years of supervised release and 150 hours of community service.(2005).[47] CBS News called it "the biggest Pentagon scandal in 20 years" and said that she pleaded guilty to a felony.[48]Frank Ballance (D-NC) admitted to federal charges of money laundering and mail fraud in October 2005 and was sentenced to four years in prison. (2005)[40]Frank Boykin (D-Alabama) Was placed on probation and fined $40,000 following conviction in a case involving a conflict of interest and conspiracy to defraud the government. He was pardoned by President Lyndon Johnson in 1964.[137]Frank Brasco (D-New York) Sentenced to three months in jail and fined $10,000 for conspiracy to accept bribes from a reputed Mafia figure who sought truck leasing contracts from the Post Office and loans to buy trucks.[105]Frank M. Clark (D-Pennsylvania) pleaded guilty to mail fraud and tax evasion on June 12, 1979 and sentenced to two years in prison.[112]Frank Thompson (D-NJ) Sentenced to 3 years.[94]Frank W. Boykin (D-AL) was convicted of conspiracy and conflict of interest in July 1963.[135]Fred Richmond (D-New York) – Convicted of tax fraud and possession of marijuana. Served 9 months in prison. Charges of soliciting sex from a 16-year-old boy were dropped after he submitted to counseling. (1978) [109]Frederick W. Richmond (D-NY), Convicted of tax evasion and possession of marijuana. Served 9 months (1982) [102]Harrison A. Williams (D-NJ) Convicted on 9 counts of bribery and conspiracy. Sentenced to 3 years in prison.[89]Harry Claiborne (D), Federal District court Judge was tried and convicted of federal tax evasion; he served over one year in prison (1983). He was later impeached by the House, convicted by the Senate and removed from office (1986).[169]James M. Curley (D-Massachusetts) fined $1,000 and served six-months for fraud before Harry S. Truman commuted the rest of his sentence.[144]Jesse Jackson, Jr. (D-IL) pleaded guilty February 20, 2013, to one count of wire and mail fraud in connection with his misuse of $750,000 in campaign funds. Jackson was sentenced to two and one-half years' imprisonment. (2013)[18]Jim Traficant (D-OH) was found guilty on ten felony counts of financial corruption, sentenced to eight years in prison and expelled from the House of Representatives. (2002) [42]Joe Kolter (D-Pennsylvania) pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy and sentenced to 6 months in prison.(1996)[64][65]John H. Hoeppel (D-CA) convicted in 1936 of selling an appointment to the West Point Military Academy. He was fined $1,000 and sentenced to 4–12 months in jail.[145]John Jenrette (D-SC) sentenced to two years in prison for bribery and conspiracy.[90]John M. Murphy (D-NY) Served 20 months of a 3-year sentence.[95]John V. Dowdy (D-Texas), Allegedly tried to stop a federal investigation of a construction firm. He served 6 months in prison for perjury. (1973) [121][122]Joshua Eilberg (D-PA) pleaded guilty to conflict-of-interest charges. In addition, he convinced president Carter to fire the U.S. Attorney investigating his case.[105]Laura Richardson (D-CA) was found guilty on seven counts of violating US House rules by improperly using her staff to campaign for her, destroying the evidence and tampering with witness testimony. The House Ethics Committee ordered Richardson to pay a fine of $10,000. (2012)[19][20]Lieutenant General Michael Flynn (D) National Security Advisor. Pled guilty to lying to the FBI. (2017)[1]Mario Biaggi (D-NY) Convicted of obstruction of justice and accepting illegal gratuities he was sentenced to 2½ years in prison and fined $500K. (1987)[97]Mary Rose Oakar (D-Ohio) pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor campaign finance charge not related to the House Bank.[60]Matthew Lyon (Democratic Republican-Kentucky). First Congressman to be recommended for censure after spitting on Roger Griswold (Federalist-Connecticut). The censure failed to pass.[158] Separately, found guilty of violating Alien and Sedition Acts and sentenced to four months in jail, during which time he was re-elected (1798) [159]Mel Reynolds (D-IL) was convicted on 12 counts of sexual assault, obstruction of justice and solicitation of child pornography. (1997) He was later convicted of 12 counts of bank fraud. (1999) Reynolds served his entire sentence stemming from the first conviction and served 42 months in prison for the bank fraud conviction at which point his sentence was commuted by President Bill Clinton.[49] As a result, Reynolds was released from prison and served his remaining time in a halfway house.[50][51]Michael Myers (D-PA) Accepted $50K saying, "...money talks and bullshit walks." Sentenced to 3 years and was expelled from the House.[93]Michael Myers (D-Pennsylvania) Received suspended six-month jail term after pleading no contest to disorderly conduct charged stemming from an incident at a Virginia bar in which he allegedly attacked a hotel security guard and a cashier.[111]Nicholas Mavroules (D-Massachusetts) was convicted of extortion, accepting illegal gifts and failing to report them on congressional disclosure and income tax forms. Mavroules pleaded guilty to fifteen counts in April 1993 and was sentenced to a fifteen-month prison term. (1993) [67][68]Raymond Lederer (D-PA) "I can give you me" he said after accepting $50K. Sentenced to 3 years.[92]Richard T. Hanna (D-CA), convicted in an influence-buying scandal. (1974)[124]Richard Tonry (D-Louisiana) pleaded guilty to receiving illegal campaign contributions.[113]Robert Frederick Collins (D), Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana, was convicted of bribery and sentenced to six years, ten months. (1991)[167]Robert Garcia (D-NY) sentenced to 2½ years.[98]Ted Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) US Senator, drove his car into the channel between Chappaquiddick Island and Martha's Vineyard, killing passenger Mary Jo Kopechne. Kennedy pleaded guilty to leaving the scene of an accident and received a suspended sentence of two months (1969)[129]Thomas F. Johnson (D-Maryland) was convicted of conspiracy and conflict of interest regarding the receipt of illegal gratuities.[136]Thomas J. Lane (D-Massachusetts) convicted for evading taxes on his congressional income. Served 4 months in prison, but was re-elected three more times.[138] before his 1962 defeat due to re-districting. (1956) [139]Thomas Porteous (D), Federal Judge of the U.S. Eastern District of Louisiana was impeached, convicted and removed from office December 8, 2010, on charges of bribery and lying to Congress. (2010)[160][161]Wade Sanders (D), Deputy Assistant United States Secretary of the Navy, for Reserve Affairs, was sentenced to 37 months in prison on one charge of possession of child pornography. (2009)[43][44][45]Walter Fauntroy (D-District of Columbia) was convicted of filing false disclosure forms to hide unauthorized income.[61]Walter Nixon (D) Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi was impeached by the House and convicted by the Senate for perjury November 3, 1989.[168]William J. Jefferson (D-LA) was charged in August 2005 after the FBI seized $90,000 in cash from his home freezer. He was re-elected to the House in 2006, but lost in 2008. He was convicted November 13, 2009, of 11 counts of bribery and sentenced to 13 years in prison. (2009)[36] Jefferson's Chief of Staff Brett Pfeffer, was sentenced to 84 months for bribery. (2006) [37]RepublicansFrank Horton (New York politician) (R-NY) Pleaded guilty to Driving While Intoxicated (arrested at 105 mph) served 11 days jail(1976)[116][117]Albert Fall (R) Secretary of the Interior who was bribed by Harry F. Sinclair for control of the Teapot Dome federal oil reserves in Wyoming. He was the first U.S. cabinet member to ever be convicted; he served two years in prison. (1922) [150]Andrew J. Hinshaw (R-CA) US Representative was convicted of accepting bribes. He served one year in prison. (1977)[114][115]Bill Janklow (R-SD) was convicted of second-degree manslaughter for running a stop sign and killing a motorcyclist. Resigned from the House and given 100 days in the county jail and three years probation. (2003)[41]Bob Ney (R-OH) pleaded guilty to conspiracy and making false statements as a result of his receiving trips from Abramoff in exchange for legislative favors. Ney received 30 months in prison. (2007)[38]Bob Packwood (R-OR), 19 women accused him of sexual misconduct. He fought the allegations, but eventually, the US Senate Ethics Committee found him guilty of a "pattern of abuse of his position of power and authority” and recommended that he be expelled from the Senate. He resigned on Sept. 7, 1995.[52]Buz Lukens (R-Ohio) convicted of bribery and conspiracy.[57]Catalina Vasquez Villalpando, (R) Treasurer of the United States, pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice and tax evasion. (1992)[66]Charles Colson (R) Special Counsel to the President for Public Liaison, convicted of obstruction of justice. Served 7 months.Claude Allen (R) Director of the Domestic Policy Council, was arrested for a series of felony thefts in retail stores. (2006) He was convicted on one count and resigned soon after.[35]David Durenberger Senator (R-Minnesota) denounced by Senate for unethical financial transactions and then disbarred (1990). He pleaded guilty to misuse of public funds and given one year probation (1995) [70]David Safavian (R) Administrator for the Office of Management and Budget[27] where he set purchasing policy for the entire government.[28][29] He was found guilty of blocking justice and lying,[30] and sentenced to 18 months. (2008)[31][32]Dennis Hastert (R-IL) Speaker of the United States House of Representatives pleaded guilty in court for illegally structuring bank transactions related to payment of $3.5 million to quash allegations of sexual misconduct with a student when he was a high school teacher and coach decades ago.[11] (2016)Duke Cunningham (R-CA) pleaded guilty November 28, 2005, to charges of conspiracy to commit bribery, mail fraud, wire fraud and tax evasion in what came to be called the Cunningham scandal and was sentenced to over eight years in prison. (2005)[39]Dwight Chapin (R) Secretary to the President of the United States, convicted of perjury.Earl Butz (R) United States Secretary of Agriculture. He was charged with failing to report more than $148,000 in 1978. Butz pleaded guilty to the tax evasion charge and was sentenced to 30 days in jail and five years of probation and was ordered to make restitution. He served 25 days behind bars before his release.[118][119]Edwin Reinecke (R-CA) convicted of perjury and sentenced to 18 months in prison as part of the Watergate investigation.Egil Krogh (R) United States Undersecretary of Transportation, sentenced to six months.Elliott Abrams (R) Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs, convicted of withholding evidence. Given 2 years probation. Later pardoned by President George H. W. Bush.[86]Ernest K. Bramblett (R-California) Received a suspended sentence and a $5,000 fine in 1955 for making false statements in connection with payroll padding and kickbacks from congressional employees.[140]General David Petraeus (R)[8] Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. On April 23, 2015, a federal judge sentenced Petraeus to two years’ probation plus a fine of $100,000 for providing classified information to Lieutenant Colonel Paula Broadwell.(2015)[9]George V. Hansen (R-ID) censured for failing to fill out disclosure forms. Spent 15 months in prison.[101]George V. Hansen (R-ID) US Representative, first member of Congress to be convicted of violating a new 1971 campaign law requiring disclosure of financial contributions(1974)[132][133]Greg Gianforte (R-MT) pled guilty to charge of assault. (2017)[6][7]H. R. Haldeman (R) White House Chief of Staff, convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury. Served 18 months in prison.Harry E. Rowbottom, (R-IN) was convicted in Federal court of accepting bribes from persons who sought post office appointments. He served one year in Leavenworth.(1931)[147]Henry B. Cassel (R-Pennsylvania) was convicted of fraud related to the construction of the Pennsylvania State Capitol (1909).[153][154]J. Herbert Burke (R-FL) pleaded guilty to disorderly intoxication, resisting arrest, and nolo contendere to an additional charge of witness tampering. He was sentenced to three months plus fines.(1978)[108]J. Irving Whalley (R-Pennsylvania) Received suspended three-year sentence and fined $11,000 in 1973 for using mails to deposit staff salary kickbacks and threatening an employee to prevent her from giving information to the FBI.[105]J. Parnell Thomas (R-New Jersey): a member of the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), was convicted of salary fraud and given an 18-month sentence and a fine, resigning from Congress in 1950. He was imprisoned in Danbury Prison with two of the Hollywood Ten he had helped put there. After serving his 18 months he was pardoned by Truman (D) in 1952.[142]James F. Hastings (R-New York), convicted of kickbacks and mail fraud, he also took money from his employees for personal use. Served 14 months at Allenwood penitentiary. (1976) [120]James Fred Hastings (R-NY) Resigned on January 20, 1976 after being convicted of kickbacks and mail fraud. He served 14 months at Allenwood penitentiary (1976).[120]James G. Watt (R) United States Secretary of the Interior 1981–1983, was charged with 25 counts of perjury and obstruction of justice. Sentenced to five years probation, fined $5,000 and 500 hours of community service[84]Jay Kim (R-CA) accepted $250,000 in illegal 1992 campaign contributions and was sentenced to two months house arrest. (1992)[71][72][73][74]John Dean (R) White House Counsel, convicted of obstruction of justice, later reduced to felony offenses and served 4 months.John Ehrlichman (R) former White House Counsel, convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury. Served 18 months in prison.John Hicklin Hall (R) US District Attorney for Oregon appointed by President McKinley, convicted of not prosecuting suspects and then blackmailing them later during the Oregon land fraud scandal(1903)[157][81]John Hipple Mitchell Senator (R-Oregon) was involved with the Oregon land fraud scandal, for which he was indicted and convicted while a sitting U.S. Senator. (1905) [155]John N. Mitchell (R) former United States Attorney General, convicted of perjury.[126]John W. Langley (R-KY) Resigned from the US Congress in January 1926, after losing an appeal to set aside his conviction of violating the Volstead Act (Prohibition). He had also been caught trying to bribe a Prohibition officer. He was sentenced to two years, after which his wife Katherine G. Langley ran for Congress in his place and won two full terms.[148][149]Jon Hinson (R-MS) was arrested for having homosexual oral sex in the House of Representatives’ bathroom with a government staffer. Hinson, who was married, later received a 30-day jail sentence, and a year's probation, on condition that he get counseling and treatment. At the time, homosexual acts were criminalized, even between consenting adults. He then resigned his seat and began working as a gay rights advocate.(1981) [106][107]Joseph R. Burton Senator (R-Kansas) was convicted of accepting a $2500 bribe in 1904.[156]Lester Crawford (R) Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration, resigned after 2 months. Pleaded guilty to conflict of interest and received 3 years suspended sentence and fined $90,000. (2006) [34]Lewis Libby (R) Chief of Staff to Vice President Dick Cheney (R). 'Scooter' was convicted of perjury and obstruction of justice in the Plame Affair on March 6, 2007 and was sentenced to 30 months in prison and fined $250,000. His sentence was commuted by George W. Bush (R) on July 1, 2007. (2007)[33]Mark E. Fuller (R) U.S. District Judge was found guilty of domestic violence and sentenced to 24 weeks of family and domestic training and forced to resign his position. (2015)[21][22][23]Martin B. McKneally (R-New York) Placed on one-year probation and fined $5,000 in 1971 for failing to file income tax return. He had not paid taxes for many years prior.[131]Maurice Stans (R) United States Secretary of Commerce, pleaded guilty to three counts of violating the reporting sections of the Federal Election Campaign Act and two counts of accepting illegal campaign contributions and was fined $5,000.(1975)[128]Michael Deaver (R) White House Deputy Chief of Staff to Ronald Reagan 1981–85, pleaded guilty to perjury related to lobbying activities and was sentenced to 3 years probation and fined $100,000 [87]Michael Grimm (R-NY) pleaded guilty of felony tax evasion. This was the fourth count in a 20-count indictment brought against him for improper use of campaign funds. The guilty plea had a maximum sentence of three years; he was sentenced to eight months in prison. (2015)[12][13]Michael J. Hogan (R-NY) was convicted of bribery and sentenced to a year and a day in a Federal Penitentiary.(1935)[146]Pat Swindall (R-GA) convicted of 6 counts of perjury. (1989) [99][100]Richard Kelly (R-FL) Accepted $25K and then claimed he was conducting his own investigation into corruption. Served 13 months.[91]Richard Kleindienst (R) United States Attorney General, convicted of "refusing to answer questions" given one month in jail.Rick Renzi (R-AZ) was found guilty on 17 of 32 counts against him June 12, 2013, including wire fraud, conspiracy, extortion, racketeering, money laundering and making false statements to insurance regulators. (2013)[17]Robert Archbald (R) U.S. Commerce Court Judge of Pennsylvania, was convicted of corruption in 1912.[152]Samuel B. Kent (R), Federal District Judge of the Galveston Division of the U.S. Southern District of Texas, was sentenced May 11, 2009, to 33 months in prison for having lied about sexually harassing two female employees. (2009) [165]Scott Bloch (R) United States Special Counsel. pleaded guilty to criminal contempt of Congress for "willfully and unlawfully withholding pertinent information from a House Committee investigating his decision to have several government computers wiped ..."[24][25] On June 24, 2013, U. S. District Judge Robert L. Wilkins sentenced Bloch to one day in jail and two years' probation, and also ordered him to pay a $5000 fine and perform 200 hours of community service.(2010) [26]Senior Federal U.S. District Court Judge Jack Camp (R) was arrested in an undercover drug bust while trying to purchase cocaine from an FBI agent. Judge Jack T. Camp resigned his position after pleading guilty to three criminal charges. He was sentenced to 30 days in jail, 400 community service hours and fined. (2010)[162][163][164]Spiro Agnew (R) Former Vice President of the United States, convicted of income-tax evasion.[127]Steve Stockman (R-TX) was convicted of fraud. (2018)[2]Trey Radel (R-FL) was convicted of possession of cocaine in November 2013. As a first-time offender, he was sentenced to one year probation and fined $250. Radel announced he would take a leave of absence, but did not resign. Later, under pressure from a number of Republican leaders, he announced through a spokesperson that he would resign. (2013)[14][15][16]Walter E. Brehm (R-Ohio) convicted of accepting contributions illegally from one of his employees. Received a 15-month suspended sentence and a $5,000 fine.[141]Wes Cooley (R-OR), was convicted of having lied on the 1994 voter information pamphlet about his service in the Army. He was fined and sentenced to two years probation (1997)[53] After leaving office, Cooley was convicted of income tax fraud connected to an investment scheme. He was sentenced to one year in prison and to pay restitution of $3.5 million to investors and $138,000 to the IRS.[54]William Lorimer Senator (R-IL), The 'blond boss of Chicago' was found guilty of accepting bribes in 1912.[151]