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Almost all of the answers so far on here are clearly partisan (both left and right). They have the facade of being unbiased, but rarely provide more than a glancing introduction to the situation. This situation is fairly nuanced, and to say it was all one way or the other is to ignore whatever goes against ones preconceived notions.It’s worth looking at all of Trump’s voter fraud claims, because there are many claims - some specific, some broad. And all of these claims can be confirmed through his twitter feed. You’ll note that some claims actually contradict other claims, and Trump’s own lawyers have countered a number of his claims in court:More people voting than are registered in some states/counties - False- The claim is based on misinterpreted data.- A widespread social media story claimed in a number of states there were more votes than registered voters. This looked at 2018 registrations, compared to 2020 voters. If you look at 2020 registrations, there are a good number more registered than voted.More people voting than are allowed to register in some states/counties - False- This claim is also based on misinterpreted data.- A security consultant from Texas claimed more people were registered in a number of counties in Michigan than were allowed to be. The data he was looking at was registered voters in counties of the same name in Minnesota compared to the populations in Michigan.Poll watchers were blocked from observing vote counting - Mostly false- This claim lacks clarity, and ignores statements from Trump’s lawyers when trying to assert a problem.- In some states, poll watchers (from both parties) were kept in areas where they could see votes being counted through a window, but were kept out of the actual room to keep them from interrupting the vote counting process (as set up by law)- In other states, poll watchers (from both parties) were allowed to be within immediate proximity of vote tabulation even though it slowed vote counting after Trump’s campaign alleged fraud, because proximity wasn’t established by law- In no precinct (that I could find - feel free to comment with information if I’m missing something) were all republican poll watchers thrown out or kept out of observing vote counting. The ones that were kept out were specifically due to them not adhering to laws regarding poll watchers (wearing political clothing, interrupting the process, aggressive behavior, etc) - or they were kept out due to capacity limits.- As best I could find, Republican and Democratic poll watchers were treated equally according to the law.People using others’ mail-in ballots to vote for them - Unsubstantiated to be significant- The only clear information I was able to find on this was a problem with the voting system in Texas that was discovered and corrected before the Presidential election. And even if it hadn’t been addressed, would have accounted for 2–100 votes out of a county with 1.3 million voters.- Other, more vague, references allege a dozen to a few hundred votes per state were affected by this situation. If true, it needs to be investigated and corrected - but it would have no real impact on the Presidential election.A server in Germany of US election votes showed Trump winning by a landslide (claim made on Trump’s behalf) - False- This claim was made by Sydney Powell, a lawyer Trump claimed was part of his legal team, which his legal team later disavowed because of repeated, bizarre, unfounded allegations- This claim has absolutely no basis in reality. And to highlight how insane it is, it had Trump winning California by a massive margin - on a map created through 270towin.com.Fake ballots were used - Unsubstantiated and vague enough to be considered false- There is not only no evidence of fake ballots being used, even those purporting fake ballots were used (like Pam Bondi) have continually, immediately hedged their claim. Effectively, no one (including Trump’s legal team, and Trump himself) has made any specific claims of fake ballots being used.Republicans in Arizona were given sharpies to fill out ballots so they wouldn’t be counted - False- This is a conspiracy theory originally from conservatives on social media who assumed a number of things to come to a false conclusion.- All poll workers in Maricopa county were trained to require people to use sharpies so the ballots wouldn’t smudge. Using a sharpie in no way invalidated any ballots according to Arizona’s Secretary of State. Some conservatives thought their votes wouldn’t be counted if they used a sharpie, so they used a pen instead (and claimed that their false assumption was fact).- Trump’s law team was able to get an injunction to reevaluate votes in Maricopa county in case ballots were incorrectly recorded. But even Trump’s legal team has not asserted in court that it has actually happened, just that it could have happened.People were disenfranchised (specifically in Pennsylvania) - Missing context, and not enough to matter- This is a multi-tiered situation.- First, the “naked ballot” issue. In Pennsylvania, ballots needed to be placed inside “privacy envelopes” then inside another “mailing envelope.” This was ruled by the Republican run state senate in Pennsylvania - that anyone whose ballot wasn’t inside a privacy envelope would be tossed. There were additional rules that created slightly complicated situations in deciding whether a vote was counted.- The result of this was about 850 votes not being counted (including the 7 “tossed in the trash” in the viral story showing a man dumping a huge box of ballots out), and about 2k votes being counted. Who each person voted for was (obviously) not taken into consideration.- Even Trump’s lawyer asserted that there was no fraud, misconduct, or undue influence in this situation. They’re effectively just saying these (approximately 2k) ballots shouldn’t have been counted because they didn’t strictly adhere to the law in Pennsylvania, even though most simply didn’t write down the full date they were mailed in but were otherwise completely valid.- The second part wasn’t actually from Trump or his team, but from a conservative commentator (so still worth mentioning, even though it’s not directly related to the original question). She asserted that Pennsylvania’s department of health was trying to keep people away from the polls after sending out messages to people letting them know they were a close contact of someone infected with Covid, and that they should quarantine for 14 days. These messages have been sent out for months - they simply didn’t stop sending them out immediately before the election.Signatures on ballots not matching (primarily in Georgia) - Unsubstantiated- This is a claim by Trump that actually twists the claim his lawyers are trying to make.- What Trump’s lawyers are alleging is that the process for confirming whether or not a signature matches isn’t defined enough to guarantee that the registration signatures match the ballot signatures. And they’re alleging that if they don’t adhere to a more strict policy they believe should be implemented, then the votes should be thrown out without giving the voter a chance to correct the signature or confirm that they did indeed vote the way their ballot says.- Effectively, Trump’s lawyers are trying to disenfrancise people in Georgia that likely leaned more for Biden through the use of a technicality that didn’t actually exist on election day, and still doesn’t exist.- Georgia’s Republican Secretary of State, and Republican Governor have both confirmed that Trump’s lawyers (and others, like Lindsey Graham) are trying to discount what should be legal votes.A number of “irregularities” primarily in the 6–7 states where Trump is hoping to flip the results - True, but missing context, and not enough to matter- Irregularities happen a thing in every election. People fall through the cracks, registrations end up having unforeseen problems, ballots end up having unforeseen problems, and (extremely rarely) people try to fraudulently vote. This is true in every state in the country, but because of news reporting it does seem that it’s popping up more in the states where the election was close than other states.- Regardless of the fact that there are irregularities in states where the vote for President was close (and that those irregularities need to be addressed), the number of irregularities is nowhere near enough to change the results of every single state Trump would need to win.Dominion Voting Systems responsible for massive hacking of election results across the country - Unsubstantiated- Here’s a situation that’s particularly complicated and nuanced.- Yes, Dominion Voting Systems is easily hackable. There are many videos showing how it’s possible to hack into their machines to alter them.- No, there’s no evidence to suggest this actually happened, and all of the states that use Dominion Voting Systems (Georgia being the only one that does so exclusively) use paper ballots that can be audited.- You can find out much more about what election officials on both sides of the aisle have been saying against these election fraud claims here.- Georgia in particular audited their ballot count just to be sure there was no problem with hacking or votes being altered or miscounted or not counted at all, and there were approximately a 2.4k votes found - keeping Biden in the lead by 12k votes.Dead people voting - False- This is another (oddly) nuanced situation.- There have been a number of irregularities involving what appears to be people that are dead, or too old to possibly be alive, voting in 2020.- Every single allegation I’ve been able to find has been easily explained - from an older man with his dad’s name living in his family’s generational home having his vote tabulated as his father’s (even though his father was born in the late 1800s). To other clerical errors. To software errors. To people dying after casting their vote. Looking into these cases, not once was a vote cast for a person who was already dead when the vote was cast.Fraudulent dump of 134k votes for Biden in Michigan, and 143k votes for Biden in Wisconsin - Mostly false- These were technical issues related to mail-in ballots not being added to the count over time, and rather the count being added all at once. So yes, those votes were fairly suddenly added - but no, they weren’t a fraudulent vote dump. Non-partisan watchdog groups have confirmed there was nothing amiss with these sudden jumps after investigating the situation.2.4k uncounted votes have been discovered in Georgia - True- This is completely accurate. Initially, there were approximately 2.4k votes that hadn’t been counted in Georgia when the initial count was complete. During the audit the ballots were found and counted, and the total votes for each candidate were adjusted accordingly.- Approximately 2k went for Trump, and 400 went for Biden, which left Biden up by over 12k votes.There have been hundreds of thousands of fraudulent votes - Unsubstantiated enough to be considered false- These claims are always vague, and seem to encapuslate the entire situation. But regardless, many conservative pundits, election officials, and Republican officials have disputed this claim. Most say that even in a likely extreme case the fraudulent votes would be a few thousand at most - not enough to overturn a single state, let alone all the states necessary for Trump to win.There’s no way Biden could have won considering Trump received more votes than any sitting President - Utter nonsense built on a single fact- This claim is based on an obviously ignorant understanding of the election process.- Trump did indeed win more votes than any sitting President in American history (Beating Obama’s reelection by about 8 million votes). In fact (aside from Joe Biden) Trump won more votes in a Presidential election regardless of whether or not he compares to a sitting President. But that makes sense - populations across the country continue to expand, a larger percentage of the population has been voting lately, and elections have been getting closer and closer since 2000.- However, Trump getting so many votes has nothing to do with Biden getting approximately 6 million more votes than Trump. And as Republicans (and I) liked to point out in 2016, the national popular vote is absolutely meaningless.Cash for votes scheme in Nevada for Native Americans voting for Biden - False, but worth a read- At the surface, for those uninformed, I can completely understand what’s being alleged here. That a seemingly partisan Native American advocacy group (Nevada Native Vote Project) was giving gifts for people to vote while promoting Biden as a candidate.- The problem with suggesting they were supporting one candidate is, those supporting Biden were in no way connected to the NNVP group. It is indeed a non-partisan group, although the things they support tend to align with Democratic stereotypes.- Now, there were no cash giveaways for their raffle, but there were gift cards, electronics, and other prizes given out in relation to the election. That seems to break federal election laws.- But looking through the way to enter the raffle, you had to show a picture of your ballot, or show a picture of you wearing an “I voted” sticker. You can buy 500 “I voted” stickers on Amazon for $10. So while I can understand the argument that it may have been construed to suggest only voters were allowed to enter the raffle (and therefore giving a gift for voting, which is illegal), they were not actually requiring people to vote to enter the raffle.More than 15k votes were cast in Nevada by people who also voted in other states - This claim is false, but it’s not actually what his law team is asserting- This is a clerical situation, more than a fraudulent one.- Effectively, Trump’s team is asserting that people who move from one state to another during the month of October shouldn’t be allowed to vote. I am fully aware of this gap in logic between states because I was disenfranchised this election due to false information about moving during October of this year.- Those 15k people have not actually voted in multiple states. They only voted in Nevada. But they moved before the election, and tried to register in the new state they moved to, only to find out it was too late to vote in this election. In turn they went back to Nevada to vote there (I mean, a vote for President is still a vote for President regardless of the state you’re in, right?).- Legally, what they did was wrong, but it’s understandable why they would be confused about the situation. I mean, it doesn’t make sense to disenfranchise every voter who moves in October, right?- Well, apparently it does according to many states’ bureaucracies. They could still have voted with a provisional ballot explicitly for President, but they were not legally allowed to vote in Nevada if they had already moved out of state. But Trump’s team is alleging that since they case a regular ballot (absentee or in person) it shouldn’t count for President because it wasn’t a provisional ballot. This is for the courts to rule on.In Michigan, officials (or canvassers, the claim changes) were threatened to certify results (or not canvass) - Unsubstantiated- The details of this claim seem to continually change according to your source, and Trump himself seems to be driving the claims that they were threatened.- A video has come out with what’s supposedly someone insinuating a threat toward a canvasser which has been proven to be manipulated media.- The two Republican election officials in charge of certifying the election in Michigan who refused to, then did it, then decided they didn’t want to anymore seem to be quite unreliable in their story. But if their allegations prove true, they would still be held accountable for their crimes as well as the person who committed crimes against them. The results of the election would be unaffected.Fewer percentage of mail-in ballots rejected highlights voter fraud - Poor logic- This claim seems particularly bizarre to me, logically.- Democrats were crying foul in regard to Dejoy screwing up the postal service, the naked ballot issue in Pennsylvania, and Republicans across the country fighting mail-in (or absentee) ballots.- Republicans were crying foul in regard to alleged fraud regarding mail-in ballots (before any ballots were cast), and were urging people to vote in person.- Therefore, regardless of what political side they listened to, people wanted to be absolutely sure their votes counted. So they were significantly more careful to follow the requirements to the letter for mail-in voting. Why that would allege fraud, I have no idea.Clark county threw out local election due to massive irregularities that would also affect the Presidential election - False- There were approximately 139 discrepancies (so, fairly big for a close local race, and nowhere near massive for a presidential election) for a county board member, most of those discrepancies could not be explained. The winner of that race preliminarily won by only 10 votes. So they threw out the results and are likely going to have to vote again for that position.- That said, 139 votes for any other election for that district would have had no impact on the way that district voted.- More importantly, it wouldn’t have put even a tiny dent in the Presidential election, where Biden won by over 10k votes.Many votes that came in after the deadline in PA were added to the vote tabulation - False- Those votes did come in after the deadline, and were technically “counted,” but were kept apart from the other votes according to a court order. Those tallies were not added to the primary votes from the election.- Last I saw, this case was awaiting a court date, but regardless, it would either not affect the election results in PA, or it would help Biden even more.Thousands of illegal homeless voter registrations in California - True- There were indeed a large number of fraudulent voter registrations set up in California by two people who were trying to help homeless individuals vote. But California requires an address to register to vote, so the registrations were deemed invalid and were removed before the election happened.There are hundreds of affadavits alleging voter fraud, and no one would falsely swear through an affadavit because of the legal repercussions - True, and false- It is true that the Trump campaign has hundreds of affadavits claiming voter fraud or election fraud. However, the courts have looked through the ones that would affect more than a handful of votes and found them to be hearsay, speculation, and claims built on an ignorance of the system.- As for the “repercussions” argument alleging these people were honest and correct, it is extremely unlikely anyone would go after them. The state isn’t going to get anything out of them financially, and no other individual would likely have cause to - and it would be a civil case, not a criminal case. So I would say the second half of the claim is false.“Massive and unprecedented” voter fraud - False- Trump’s legal team isn’t actually alleging any voter fraud. They’re alleging clerical errors, discrepancies, and minor irregularities that would hold absolutely no sway on the results of the election. Trump, however, is alleging all of these things without evidence, or even specific clarification of what he’s talking about (unless you consider all of the cases I’ve addressed above, that still don’t point to “massive” or “unprecedented” voter fraud).Massive corruption in our electoral process - False- Ditto for point 25.Trump won the election by a significant margin - False- Trump didn’t win the popular vote by a significant margin - he lost it by about 6 million votes- Trump didn’t win the electoral college by a significant margin - he lost it by 74 votes- Trump didn’t win the “close” states by a significant margin - he lost AZ by 10k+ votes, NV by 30k+ votes, GA by 12k+ votes, MI by 145k votes, PA by 80k votes, and WI by about 20k votes.- He would have to flip the majority of those states to win the electoral college, and nothing his legal team is alleging would result in that happening.There were enough fraudulent votes “to ‘flip’ at least four states, which is in turn more than enough to win the Election” - Mostly false, but this would depend on which states- This is simple math.- Trump would have to flip PA, and either GA or MI, plus another state to pick up an electoral win.- However, PA has certified its results, and MI has as well. In both states, Trump lost by a fairly significant margin compared to the other states (and states he narrowly won in 2016).- Georgia has certified their results as well, but is in the process of a recount at the behest of the Trump campaign.- So if Trump wins all of the remaining states to be certified, and/or recounted, it would be GA, AZ, NV, and WI - which would still result in him losing the electoral college, 271–267.On the other side, it’s worth looking at the “rebuttals” to Trump’s claims that are repeated regularly by Democrats:1. This was the most secure election ever - missing context- While it is true that the Department of Homeland Security came out to say this was the most secure election ever, they were specifically referring to international interference.- This is actually a point the Trump campaign agrees with Democrats about - foreign nations didn’t hack our elections.2. There is no evidence of voter fraud - False- While it’s true that there’s no evidence of wide spread voter fraud, there is evidence of voter fraud. However, those numbers are in the single to triple digits depending on the state. Trump’s research team looked into this happening in 2016, and they found that aside from Florida, there were about 300 potentially fraudulent votes per state.3. There is no evidence of voting irregularities - False- This is even more wrong than the point above. While there have been minor instances of voter fraud, there are more instances of voter irregularities.- However, this doesn’t mean potential fraud. This very well may mean that the election system in some states isn’t ironed out enough to account for unusual circumstances. Or it may mean that someone got tired after counting tens of thousands of votes and marked something incorrectly, and they can go back and correct it.4. Even Trump’s lawyers have said there’s no voter fraud, irregularities, misconduct, etc - True, but missing context- See, Trump’s lawyers did say all of these things, in court, in specific cases. They did not say this in general about the situation as a whole. However, that’s why it’s important to follow their court cases, and see what allegations are found to be warranted, and what allegations actually allege fraud.5. Dominion Voting Systems is a reliable voting system - False- Both Republican and Democratic election officials have refused to use Dominion Voting Systems across the country because of how easily it’s hacked. In fact, this is problematic for voting in general with electronic systems, as many hacktivist groups have been saying for years.- But, again, just because there’s an opening for something to happen doesn’t mean it did happen. And all evidence suggests that it didn’t in this election. Just that we need to close that loophole before it does.TL:DR - Some of the claims of Trump’s lawyers are accurate. Many of the claims by the Left and Right are misleading. But in short, there is not widespread voter fraud, and there’s effectively zero chance Trump can pull off a win at this point.

There is not much of a health plan that can become a replacement for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, AKA Obamacare. It is likely to leave with no health care plan, just a patchwork of some Executive Orders that may still be applicable without the supporting PPACA in place, and lot of directives that have little force of law.The PPACA has provision for adults up to 26 years to be included on a parent’s healthcare plan, there is protection from being refused claims based on pre-existing conditions, there is a lifetime and annual maximum on out-of-pocket expenses, there are some states that have availed themselves to expand access to Medicare, there are tax rebate subsidies to support low-paid workers access to commercial and comprehensive health insurance plans if an employer does not offer anything, and some standards for Health Insurers and Providers. Nothing negative in the package, except that it is complex. There are 906 pages of detailed provisions across a range of Health Care issues. https://www.congress.gov/111/plaws/publ148/PLAW-111publ148.pdfTrump’s healthcare is a an ‘ask’ for Pharmaceutical Companies to lower drug prices, make available cheap and cut-down Insurance Plans, provide some guarantees for Medicaid recipients with a lowest -price drug option, and removed the individual mandate tax penalty, weakening the participation in health care insurance. What is called a ‘Plan’ is just a list of initiatives that do not all have the weight and validity as a provision in a law, and will have no obligation to be followed - in this 8-page summary: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-10-01/pdf/2020-21914.pdfAs a plan, it is bankrupt, like its author. It merely summarizes positions, and does not wrap up an approach to Healthcare for all Americans, except for the assumption that if you are poor, you can die, and if you are rich, and might need to have coverage, their are a range of options now for you. If you are old, there is some Federal Support from what you have already paid for in Medicaid contributions, but do not hold out that it would last if you are not already on it now. Better that you read and understand that the emperor has no clothes, hence he stormed out of the 60 minutes meeting with Leslie Stahl as he does not understand what a Political. Government, or Legislative plan should entail.An America-First Healthcare PlanSection 1. Purpose. Since January 20, 2017, my Administration has beencommitted to the goal of bringing great healthcare to the American peopleand putting patients first. To that end, my Administration has taken monumental steps to improve the efficiency and quality of healthcare in theUnited States.(a) My Administration has been committed to restoring choice and controlto the American patient.On December 22, 2017, I signed into law the repeal of the burdensomeindividual-mandate penalty, liberating millions of low-income Americansfrom a tax that penalized them for not purchasing health-insurance coveragethey did not want or could not afford. Through Executive Order 13813of October 12, 2017 (Promoting Healthcare Choice and Competition Acrossthe United States), my Administration has expanded coverage options formillions of Americans in several ways. My Administration increased theavailability of renewable short-term, limited-duration healthcare plans, providing options that are up to 60 percent cheaper than the least expensivealternatives under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)and are projected to cover 500,000 individuals who would otherwise beuninsured. My Administration expanded health reimbursement arrangements,which have been projected by the Department of the Treasury to reach800,000 businesses and over 11 million employees and to expand coverageto more than 800,000 individuals who would otherwise be uninsured. MyAdministration also issued a rule to increase the availability of associationhealth plans for small businesses, which, upon implementation of the rule,are projected to cover up to 400,000 previously uninsured individuals foron average 30 percent less cost.As set forth in the Economic Report of the President (February 2020), myAdministration’s expansion of health savings accounts will further helpmillions of Americans pay for health expenditures by allowing them tosave more of their own money free from Federal taxation, and will especiallyhelp Americans with chronic conditions who now have more flexibilityto enroll in plans that fit their complicated care needs and can be pairedwith a tax-advantaged account.At the beginning of the current COVID–19 pandemic, my Administrationacted to dramatically increase the accessibility and availability of telehealthservices for Medicare beneficiaries, enabling millions of individuals to usethese services. Pursuant to Executive Order 13941 of August 3, 2020 (Improving Rural Health and Telehealth Access), the Secretary of Health and HumanServices will make permanent many of the new policies that improve theaccessibility and availability of telehealth services. In addition, pursuantto that order, the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretaryof Agriculture will develop and implement a strategy to improve the physicaland communications healthcare infrastructure available to rural Americans.Through our State Relief and Empowerment Waivers, my Administrationhas given States additional health-insurance flexibility, which has expandedhealth-insurance coverage options for consumers and lowered costs for patients. These waivers allow States to move away from the ACA’s rigidVerDate Sep<11>2014 21:36 Sep 30, 2020 Jkt 253001 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4705 Sfmt 4790 E:\FR\FM\01OCE0.SGM 01OCE0jbell on DSKJLSW7X2PROD with EXECORD62180 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 191 / Thursday, October 1, 2020 / Presidential Documentsstructure and are estimated to have lowered premiums by approximately11 percent in Wisconsin, 20 percent in Minnesota, and 43 percent in Maryland. Due to actions my Administration took, like the State Relief andEmpowerment Waivers, after years of dwindling choices and escalatingprices, plan options for consumers increased and for 2019, for the firsttime ever, benchmark premiums actually decreased on Get 2020 health coverage. Health Insurance Marketplace. For2020, the average benchmark premium dropped by nearly 4 percent.After the prior Administration spent tens of billions of dollars creatingelectronic health records systems unable to accurately or effectively recordand communicate patient data, my Administration has paved the way fora new wave of innovation to allow patients to safely send their own medicalrecords to care providers of their choosing. My Patients over Paperworkinitiative has cut red tape for doctors and nurses so they can spend moretime with their patients, which the Centers for Medicare and MedicaidServices (CMS) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)has estimated to save over 40 million hours of wasted time for providersand suppliers between 2017 and 2021.(b) My Administration has been ceaseless in its efforts to lower coststo make healthcare more affordable for American patients.Under my tenure, prescription drugs saw their largest annual price decreasein nearly half a century. For three consecutive years, we have approveda record number of generic drugs. The Council of Economic Advisers hasestimated that these approvals saved patients $26 billion in the first 18months of my Administration alone. As part of the Further ConsolidatedAppropriations Act, 2020, I signed into law the Creating and RestoringEqual Access to Equivalent Samples Act, which will pave the way foreven more generic drugs and is projected to save taxpayers $3.3 billionfrom 2019 to 2029.CMS has acted to offer Medicare beneficiaries prescription drug plans withthe option of insulin capped at $35 in out-of-pocket expenses for a 30-day supply. We are also reducing Government payments to overcharginghospitals participating in the 340B Drug Pricing Program by instead payingrates that more accurately reflect the hospitals’ acquisition costs, whichCMS estimated would save Medicare beneficiaries $320 million on copayments for drugs alone.As a result of Executive Order 13937 of July 24, 2020 (Access to AffordableLife-Saving Medications), low-income Americans who receive care from afederally qualified health center will have access to insulin and injectableepinephrine at prices lower than ever before. Under Executive Order 13938of July 24, 2020 (Increasing Drug Importation to Lower Prices for AmericanPatients), my Administration will be the first to complete a rulemakingto authorize the safe importation of certain lower-cost prescription drugsfrom Canada. Pursuant to Executive Order 13939 of July 24, 2020 (LoweringPrices for Patients by Eliminating Kickbacks to Middlemen), my Administration is taking action to eliminate wasteful payments to middlemen by passingdrug discounts through to patients at the pharmacy counter without increasing premiums for beneficiaries or cost to Federal taxpayers. And my Administration is taking action to ensure that Medicare patients receive the lowestprice that drug companies offer comparable foreign nations through ExecutiveOrder 13948 of September 13, 2020 (Lowering Drug Prices by Putting AmericaFirst).As part of the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, I also signedinto law the repeal of the medical device tax, the annual fee on healthinsurance providers, and the ‘‘Cadillac’’ tax on certain employer-sponsoredhealth insurance, which threatened to dramatically increase the cost ofhealthcare for working families.My Administration is transforming the black-box hospital and insurancepricing systems to be transparent about price and quality. Regardless ofhealth-insurance coverage, two-thirds of adults in America still worry aboutthe threat of unexpected medical bills. This fear is the result of a systemVerDate Sep<11>2014 21:36 Sep 30, 2020 Jkt 253001 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4705 Sfmt 4790 E:\FR\FM\01OCE0.SGM 01OCE0jbell on DSKJLSW7X2PROD with EXECORDFederal Register / Vol. 85, No. 191 / Thursday, October 1, 2020 / Presidential Documents 62181under which individuals and employers are unable to see how insurancecompanies, pharmacy benefit managers, insurance brokers, and providersare or will be paid. One major culprit is the practice of ‘‘surprise billing,’’in which a patient receives unexpected bills at highly inflated prices fromproviders who are not part of the patient’s insurance network, even ifthe patient was treated at a hospital that was part of the patient’s network.Patients can receive these bills despite having no opportunity to selectaround an out-of-network provider in advance.On May 9, 2019, I announced four principles to guide congressional effortsto prohibit exorbitant bills resulting from patients’ accidentally or unknowingly receiving services from out-of-network physicians. Unfortunately, theCongress has failed to act, and patients remain vulnerable to surprise billing.In the absence of congressional action, my Administration has already takenstrong and decisive action to make healthcare prices more transparent. OnJune 24, 2019, I signed Executive Order 13877 (Improving Price and QualityTransparency in American Healthcare to Put Patients First), directing certainagencies—for the first time ever—to make sure patients have access to meaningful price and quality information prior to the delivery of care. BeginningJanuary 1, 2021, hospitals will be required to publish their real price forevery service, and publicly display in a consumer-friendly, easy-to-understand format the prices of at least 300 different common services that areable to be shopped for in advance.We have also taken some concrete steps to eliminate surprise out-of-networkbills. For example, on April 10, 2020, my Administration required providersto certify, as a condition of receiving supplemental COVID–19 funding,that they would not seek to collect out-of-pocket expenses from a patientfor treatment related to COVID–19 in an amount greater than what thepatient would have otherwise been required to pay for care by an innetwork provider. These initiatives have made important progress, althoughadditional efforts are necessary.Not all hospitals allow for surprise bills. But many do. Unfortunately, surprisebilling has become sufficiently pervasive that the fear of receiving a surprisebill may dissuade patients from seeking appropriate care. And researchsuggests a correlation between hospitals that frequently allow surprise billingand increases in hospital admissions and imaging procedures, putting patients at risk of receiving unnecessary services, which can lead to physicalharm and threatens the long-term financial sustainability of Medicare.Efforts to limit surprise billing and increase the number of providers participating in the same insurance network as the hospital in which they workwould correspondingly streamline the ability of patients to receive careand reduce time spent on billing disputes.On May 15, 2020, HHS released the Health Quality Roadmap to empowerpatients to make fully informed decisions about their healthcare by facilitating the availability of appropriate and meaningful price and quality information. These transformative actions will arm patients with the tools tobe active and effective shoppers for healthcare services, enabling them toidentify high-value providers and services, and ultimately place downwardpressure on prices.My Administration has cracked down on waste, fraud, and abuse that directvaluable taxpayer resources away from those who need them most. MyAdministration implemented a ‘‘site neutral’’ payment system between hospital outpatient departments and physicians’ offices, to ensure Medicarebeneficiaries are charged the same price for the same service regardlessof where it takes place, which CMS estimates will save them approximately$160 million in co-payments for 2020. We also changed the rules to enableGovernment watchdogs to proactively identify and stop perpetrators of fraudbefore money goes out the door.(c) My Administration has been dedicated to providing better care forall Americans.VerDate Sep<11>2014 21:36 Sep 30, 2020 Jkt 253001 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4705 Sfmt 4790 E:\FR\FM\01OCE0.SGM 01OCE0jbell on DSKJLSW7X2PROD with EXECORD62182 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 191 / Thursday, October 1, 2020 / Presidential DocumentsThis includes a steadfast commitment to always protecting individuals withpre-existing conditions and ensuring they have access to the high-qualityhealthcare they deserve. No American should have to risk going withouthealth insurance based on a health history that he or she cannot change.In an attempt to justify the ACA, the previous Administration claimedthat, absent action by the Congress, up to 129 million (later updated to133 million) non-elderly people with what it described as pre-existing conditions were in danger of being denied health-insurance coverage. Accordingto the previous Administration, however, only 2.7 percent of such individualsactually gained access to health insurance through the ACA, given existinglaws and programs already in place to cover them. For example, the HealthInsurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 has long protectedindividuals with pre-existing conditions, including individuals covered bygroup health plans and individuals who had such coverage but lost it.The ACA produced multiple other failures. The average insurance premiumin the individual market more than doubled from 2013 to 2017, and thosewho have not received generous Federal subsidies have struggled to maintaincoverage. For those who have managed to maintain coverage, many haveexperienced a substantial rise in deductibles, limited choice of insurers,and limited provider networks that exclude their doctors and the facilitiesbest suited to care for them.Additionally, approximately 30 million Americans remain uninsured, notwithstanding the previous Administration’s promises that the ACA wouldaddress this intractable problem. On top of these disappointing results,Federal taxpayers and, unfortunately, future generations of American workers,have been left with an enormous bill. The ACA’s Medicaid expansion andsubsidies for the individual market are projected by the Congressional BudgetOffice to cost more than $1.8 trillion over the next decade.The ACA is neither the best nor the only way to ensure that Americanswho suffer from pre-existing conditions have access to health-insurancecoverage. I have agreed with the States challenging the ACA, who havewon in the Federal district court and court of appeals, that the ACA, asamended, exceeds the power of the Congress. The ACA was flawed fromits inception and should be struck down. However, access to health insurancedespite underlying health conditions should be maintained, even if theSupreme Court invalidates the unconstitutional, and largely harmful, ACA.My Administration has always been committed to ensuring that patientswith pre-existing conditions can obtain affordable healthcare, to loweringhealthcare costs, to improving quality of care, and to enabling individualsto choose the healthcare that meets their needs. For example, when theCOVID–19 pandemic hit, my Administration implemented a program toprovide any individual without health-insurance coverage access to necessaryCOVID–19-related testing and treatment.My commitment to improving care across our country expands vastly beyondthe rules governing health insurance. On July 10, 2019, I signed ExecutiveOrder 13879 (Advancing American Kidney Health) to improve care for thehundreds of thousands of Americans suffering from end-stage renal disease.Pursuant to that order, my Administration launched a program to encouragehome dialysis and promote transplants for patients, and expects to enrollapproximately 120,000 Medicare beneficiaries with end-stage renal diseasein the program. We also have removed financial barriers to living organdonation by adding additional financial support for living donors, suchas by reimbursing expenses for lost wages, child care, and elder care. HHS,together with the American Society of Nephrology, issued two phases ofawards through KidneyX’s Redesign Dialysis Price Competition to worktoward the creation of an artificial kidney.My Administration has taken unprecedented action to improve the qualityof and access to care for individuals with HIV, as part of our goal ofending the epidemic of HIV in the United States by 2030. HHS has awardedVerDate Sep<11>2014 21:36 Sep 30, 2020 Jkt 253001 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4705 Sfmt 4790 E:\FR\FM\01OCE0.SGM 01OCE0jbell on DSKJLSW7X2PROD with EXECORDFederal Register / Vol. 85, No. 191 / Thursday, October 1, 2020 / Presidential Documents 62183at least $226 million to expand access to HIV care, treatment, medication,and prevention services, focused on 48 counties, Washington, DC, and SanJuan, Puerto Rico, where more than 50 percent of new HIV diagnoses occurredin 2016 and 2017, as well as seven States with a substantial rural HIVrate. We secured a historic donation of a groundbreaking HIV preventivemedication that is available at no cost to eligible patients.My Administration has started a transformation in healthcare in rural America. This includes a new effort, pursuant to my directive in Executive Order13941, to support small hospitals and health clinics in rural communitiesin transitioning from volume-based Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement,which has failed rural communities that struggle with a lack of patientvolume, and toward value-based payment mechanisms that are tailored tomeet the needs of their communities. We updated Medicare payment policiesto address a problem in the program’s payment calculation that has historically disadvantaged rural hospitals, and released a Rural Action Plan toincorporate recommendations from experts and leaders across the FederalGovernment. We have also dedicated a special focus on improving careoffered through the Indian Health Service (IHS) within HHS, including bycreating the Office of Quality, implementing an increase in annual fundingfor IHS by $243 million from 2019 to 2020, and expanding nationwideIHS’s successful Alaska Community Health Aide Program.My Administration has additionally demonstrated an incredible dedicationto protecting and improving care for those most in need, including seniorcitizens, those with substance use disorders, and those to whom our Nationowes the greatest debt: our veterans.I have protected the viability of the Medicare program. For example, onFebruary 9, 2018, I signed into law the repeal of the Independent PaymentAdvisory Board, which would have been a group of unelected bureaucratscreated by the ACA, designed to be insulated from the will of America’selected leaders for the purpose of cutting the spending of this importantprogram. On October 3, 2019, I signed Executive Order 13890 (Protectingand Improving Medicare for Our Nation’s Seniors), to modernize the Medicareprogram and continue its viability. According to CMS estimates, seniorshave saved $2.65 billion in lower Medicare premiums under my Administration while benefiting from more choices. For example, the average monthlyMedicare Advantage premium has declined an estimated 28 percent since2017, and Medicare Advantage has included about 1,200 more plan optionssince 2018. New Medicare Advantage supplemental benefits have helpedseniors stay safe in their homes, improved respite care for caregivers, andprovided transportation, more in-home support services and assistance, andnon-opioid pain management alternatives like therapeutic massages. MedicarePart D premiums are at their lowest level in their history, with the averagebasic premium declining 13.5 percent since 2016.My Administration has directed unprecedented attention on the substanceuse disorder epidemic, with a focus on reducing overdose deaths fromprescription opioids and the deadly synthetic opioid fentanyl. On October24, 2018, I signed the Substance Use-Disorder Prevention that PromotesOpioid Recovery and Treatment for Patients and Communities Act, enablingthe expenditure of billions of dollars of funding for important programsto support prevention and recovery. My Administration has provided approximately $22.5 billion from 2017 to 2020 to address the opioid crisisand improve access to prevention, treatment, and recovery services. Wesaw a 34 percent decrease in total opioids dispensed monthly by pharmaciesbetween 2017 and 2019, an approximate increase of 64 percent in thenumber of Americans who receive medication-assisted treatment for opioiduse disorder since 2016, and a 484 percent increase in naloxone prescriptionssince 2017. Data show that drug overdose deaths fell nationwide for thefirst time in decades between 2017 and 2018, with many of the hardesthit States leading the way.VerDate Sep<11>2014 21:36 Sep 30, 2020 Jkt 253001 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4705 Sfmt 4790 E:\FR\FM\01OCE0.SGM 01OCE0jbell on DSKJLSW7X2PROD with EXECORD62184 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 191 / Thursday, October 1, 2020 / Presidential DocumentsImproving care for our Nation’s veterans has been a priority since the beginning of my Administration. On June 6, 2018, I signed the VA MaintainingInternal Systems and Strengthening Integrated Outside Networks (MISSION)Act of 2018, which authorized billions of dollars to improve options forveterans to receive care outside of Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)healthcare providers. Since taking effect, the VA estimates that more than2.4 million veterans have benefited from more than 6.5 million referralsto the 725,000 private healthcare providers with which the VA is nowworking. On June 23, 2017, I signed the Department of Veterans AffairsAccountability and Whistleblower Protection Act of 2017 to hold our civilservants accountable for maintaining the best quality of care possible forour Nation’s veterans by giving the Secretary of Veterans Affairs more powerto discipline employees and shorten an appeals process that can last years.On March 5, 2019, I signed Executive Order 13861 (National Roadmapto Empower Veterans and End Suicide) to ensure that the Federal Governmentleads a collective effort to prevent suicide among our veterans.I have used scientific research to focus on areas most pressing for thehealth of Americans. On September 19, 2019, I signed Executive Order13887 (Modernizing Influenza Vaccines in the United States to PromoteNational Security and Public Health), recognizing the threat that pandemicinfluenza continues to represent and putting forward a plan to preparefor future influenza pandemics. To modernize influenza vaccines and promote national security and public health, HHS issued a 6-year, $226 millioncontract to retain and increase capacity to produce recombinant influenzavaccine domestically, and the National Institute of Allergy and InfectiousDiseases, part of the National Institutes of Health within HHS, initiatedthe Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers program.Investments my Administration has made in scientific research will helptackle some of our most pressing medical challenges and pay dividendsfor generations to come. This includes working to increase funding forAlzheimer’s disease research by billions of dollars since 2017 and a planto invest more than $500 million over the next decade to improve pediatriccancer research. On December 18, 2018, I signed the Sickle Cell Diseaseand Other Heritable Blood Disorders Research, Surveillance, Prevention,and Treatment Act of 2018 to provide support for research into sicklecell disease, which disproportionately impacts African Americans and Hispanics, and to authorize programs relating to sickle cell disease surveillance,prevention, and treatment.On May 30, 2018, I signed the Trickett Wendler, Frank Mongiello, JordanMcLinn, and Matthew Bellina Right to Try Act of 2017, which gives terminally ill patients the right to access certain treatments without being blockedby onerous Federal regulations.In response to the COVID–19 pandemic, my Administration launched Operation Warp Speed, a groundbreaking effort of the Federal Government toengage with the private sector to quickly develop and deliver safe andeffective vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics for COVID–19. On August6, 2020, I signed Executive Order 13944 (Combating Public Health Emergencies and Strengthening National Security by Ensuring Essential Medicines,Medical Countermeasures, and Critical Inputs Are Made in the United States),to protect Americans through reduced dependence on foreign manufacturersfor essential medicines and other items and to strengthen the Nation’s PublicHealth Industrial Base.Taken together, these extraordinary reforms constitute an ongoing effort toimprove American healthcare by putting patients first and delivering continuous innovation. And this effort will continue to succeed because of myAdministration’s commitment to delivering great healthcare with morechoices, better care, and lower costs for all Americans.Sec. 2. Policy. It has been and will continue to be the policy of the UnitedStates to give Americans seeking healthcare more choice, lower costs, andVerDate Sep<11>2014 21:36 Sep 30, 2020 Jkt 253001 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4705 Sfmt 4790 E:\FR\FM\01OCE0.SGM 01OCE0jbell on DSKJLSW7X2PROD with EXECORDFederal Register / Vol. 85, No. 191 / Thursday, October 1, 2020 / Presidential Documents 62185better care and to ensure that Americans with pre-existing conditions canobtain the insurance of their choice at affordable rates.Sec. 3. Giving Americans More Choice in Healthcare. The Secretary of theTreasury, the Secretary of Labor, and the Secretary of Health and HumanServices shall maintain and build upon existing actions to expand accessto and options for affordable healthcare.Sec. 4. Lowering Healthcare Costs for Americans. (a) The Secretary of Healthand Human Services, in coordination with the Commissioner of Food andDrugs, shall maintain and build upon existing actions to expand accessto affordable medicines, including accelerating the approvals of new genericand biosimilar drugs and facilitating the safe importation of affordable prescription drugs from abroad.(b) The Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Labor, and the Secretaryof Health and Human Services shall maintain and build upon existing actionsto ensure consumers have access to meaningful price and quality informationprior to the delivery of care.(i) Recognizing that both chambers of the Congress have made substantialprogress towards a solution to end surprise billing, the Secretary of Healthand Human Services shall work with the Congress to reach a legislativesolution by December 31, 2020.(ii) In the event a legislative solution is not reached by December 31,2020, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall take administrativeaction to prevent a patient from receiving a bill for out-of-pocket expensesthat the patient could not have reasonably foreseen.(iii) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Healthand Human Services shall update the Medicare.gov: the official U.S. government site for Medicare Hospital Comparewebsite to inform beneficiaries of hospital billing quality, including:(A) whether the hospital is in compliance with the Hospital Price Transparency Final Rule, as amended (84 Fed. Reg. 65524), effective January1, 2021;(B) whether, upon discharge, the hospital provides patients with a receiptthat includes a list of itemized services received during a hospital stay;and(C) how often the hospital pursues legal action against patients, includingto garnish wages, to place a lien on a patient’s home, or to withdrawmoney from a patient’s income tax refund.(c) The Secretary of Health and Human Services, in coordination withthe Administrator of CMS, shall maintain and build upon existing actionsto reduce waste, fraud, and abuse in the healthcare system.Sec. 5. Providing Better Care to Americans. (a) The Secretary of Healthand Human Services and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall maintainand build upon existing actions to improve quality in the delivery of carefor veterans.(b) The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall continue to promotemedical innovations to find novel and improved treatments for COVID–19, Alzheimer’s disease, sickle cell disease, pediatric cancer, and other conditions threatening the well-being of Americans.Sec. 6. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construedto impair or otherwise affect:(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency,or the head thereof; or(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budgetrelating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law andsubject to the availability of appropriations.VerDate Sep<11>2014 21:36 Sep 30, 2020 Jkt 253001 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4705 Sfmt 4790 E:\FR\FM\01OCE0.SGM 01OCE0jbell on DSKJLSW7X2PROD with EXECORD62186 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 191 / Thursday, October 1, 2020 / Presidential Documents(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit,substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any partyagainst the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers,employees, or agents, or any other person.

Q. Is the Teachers College at Columbia University a good school?Yelp: an unorthodox rating of Teachers College - Columbia University from the students’ perspective, near unanimous voicing of disappointment and major problems. Unexpected for such a storied and renown institution, with distinguished alumni.Followed by two more conventional rankings/general info.Ranking: TCCU #7.Teachers College, Columbia UniversityColleges & Universities525 W 120th StNew York, NY 10027Phone number: (212) 678-3000Business website: tc.columbia.eduRecommended Reviews Teachers College - Columbia University.Dan T. New York, NY 1/2/2010 Listed in Awwww yeah: The Heights, Schools “Excellent educationally but much to improve--facilities/etc. should align with tuition to alleviate the faculty and student disillusionment for the cost of the education and services rendered.”Mike O. Brooklyn, NY 3/29/2014 One of the oldest and best ed schools in the country. Faculty are great. Students are bright and hardworking. Spent a year and a half here getting my M.A. as a Literacy Specialist and had a great, unforgettable experience.L L. New York, NY 8/7/2014 I know Yelp is not the greatest place to rate a school, but I have to say that I was totally disappointed by TC. First of all, if you just want Columbia on your degree paper, go for it, because TC is probably one of the easiest (and maybe the cheapest) ways to achieve this.Now I will talk about why I was disappointed. One of the common things people complain about is the faculty-student ratio. It's true. It matters because your advisor won't have that much time to try to guide you and even listen to you! It depends on people of course, but at least mine literally told me she didn't have time (during her office hours!!) to help me choose classes. Faculty-student ratio also matters because it is very hard to have in-depth discussions in a classroom with more than 50 people who are just trying to say something to show they are "participating".Their career services are also inadequate, and especially poor when it comes to international students who are already a large community at the school. No one even keeps a record of which employers would hire international students, because "it is not required by the US government". Since when an Ivy League school does not offer anything more than what is required by the US government?The quality of the peers is questionable. I am not sure how much the admissions threshold has been lowered within the last few years. All I know is that I got to see fewer and fewer people that are really competent. What bothered me the most is that some of its programs (including mine) are not academically rigorous at all. I've known people who pretty much didn't do anything in a term-long group project and could easily get an A. I've known people who copied other people's homework and could easily pass. Sometimes the professors might not have known what was going on, but sometimes they knew and they didn't care.Again, different people come out of TC with totally different experiences. I had those bad ones because I happened to meet certain people, happened to work with certain people, and happened to take certain classes. However, I am definitely not the only person who felt much disappointed. Talk to as many current students or recent grads as you can before deciding to attend TC, get an insight of where TC is heading towards, think thoroughly what you want and see what and how TC can provide, otherwise you will regret spending your time and money there.Craig B. Philadelphia PA 10/1/2011 Just spend a week at Teacher's College and you'll have a decent handle on what's wrong with education in this country. Here you are smack in the center of the Hogwarts for teachers, but it's really just an opportunity to hand over A LOT of money to get Columbia University listed on your resume. It should be criminal because these are teachers that we are talking about. At least if Teachers College actually imparted something useful that can be used to improve the quality of education in this country, but this is just a pure money grab.- Most of your classes have a minimum of 30+ students. Some have more than 50. Go look on the TC web site to see the number of students enrolled in classes under "Class Schedule". This is hardly graduate education. You're just being given articles to read and papers to write. Little to no class discussion. In graduate school, you should expect classes that have a max of 15.- Most of what you get from these articles is pretty basic and things that you will learn after you have taught for about two years. In two years no one is going to care that you went to Columbia; they are going to care what type of teacher you are, and you won't get that at TC.A good number of classes are taught by graduate students and adjuncts, in some programs more than half. It's something of a bait and switch because you think that your classes, especially required classes, will be taught by faculty, but really they aren't. Do the math. At about $4,000 per class, TC takes in about $150,000 for some classes and pays the adjunct maybe $4,000 to teach it. For example, here is Professor Joanna Williams trying to claim that she teaches a class in Educational Psychology when, in fact, she never teaches a class in Educational Psychology: tc.columbia.edu/academic…In fact here she even says "I teach a master's-level course in educational psychology" (1:52) when, again, a grad student or adjunct teaches the class. It's just deceptive. The administration knows about this. They are too busy counting your money to care. tc.columbia.edu/hud/inde…Faculty+Interviews- If you do get a class with an actual professor, it's pretty much read to you from the same yellowed paper that the professor has used for decades. Not a lot of adaptation or creativity goes into the programs.- Also do the math: you are charged for three credit hours, but most classes only meet for for about two hours.- TC accepts a massive number of students for the MA programs and herds them through. You will not have a problem being accepted because pretty much every application is accepted. This is to help pay for the PhD students. But many of the PhD students can't get work.One of the few respected programs, and one actually with any real rigor, is Organizational Leadership. Yet TC is one of the most dysfunctional bureaucratic environments that you'll find yourself in. Try dealing with the registrar, paying a bill, or getting your e-mail set up. People refer you to someone else and that person will refer you back to the first person. I was in one class that had a janitorial closet in the back and janitors would walk in and through the classroom during class time with ladders and other pieces of heavy equipment. In one case I applied for and was granted an extension by the registrar. Then later the registrar came back and said that I had an issue because I had no extension. I showed the registrar her own letter, signed by her, that clearly stated the extension and the terms of the extension, and that still wasn't enough. She said that she needed to meet with a special committee. This is very common. Most students can tell you a story like this.In the end TC graduates teachers who are burdened under a massive amount of debt. Try to pay that off on a teachers salary. I'm sure some of the students believe that they got a decent education, but they don't really have something impressive to compare their TC experience to. They think that TC is normal. Hope that they don't emulate it in their own classrooms.I've written all of this because supporting teachers is very important, and two months after you start classes at TC this is what you are going to wish that someone had told you when you were looking at graduate programs.If gold will rust, what will iron do?Erin M. Manhattan, NY 3/14/2011 Wow. I realize it has a good reputation, but honestly, it shouldn't. This is by far the worst school I've ever attended. Overpriced. Zero support from faculty or the administration. In fact, not only will they not help you, but they will build roadblocks to prevent you from accomplishing what you need to do. Poor classes, most of which are taught by graduate students. Some of the graduate students are fine, but why am I paying so much for my fellow students to teach me? Getting my doctorate there managed to make me less marketable, and to make it even harder to find a job. Well, all in all, it was a horrible experience and I will never recommend it to anyone.Zuleika R. Clifton, NJ 12/14/2016 Way overpriced for the quality of education it provides. Will take forever to process things (fasfa, petsa video,etc). You never get a reply back from emails. Also, majority of PhD grad students teach MA students rather than real professors. You get all of this for a huge amount of debt. In my opinion, it will take your whole life to pay the debt of teachers college if u become a teacher. Nowadays jobs are very scarce and tough to get. So make a wise decision. My friend got in here with a 3.1 GPA so it's not competitive.Lindsay S. New York, NY 11/23/201425 check-ins Not amused by my program.Teachers College Columbia University leverages the RingCentral cloud communications platformMarina S. Staten Island, NY 10/6/2014 Expensive, but it's a private school in the US, just like any other. The PhD students got a lot of attention from a few professors, which was very noticeable to us, the MA students. Sometimes we felt a bit ignored. I give as much as 3/5, because I got a Master's degree and that helped me get a job which I couldn't get without it.The professors are very knowledgeable, on the most part. We had a problem only with one instructor who hadn't even had a Master's Degree and was teaching a lab course strictly from slides with no additional information. (We know how to use basic Word and Excel. but we spent a few weeks worth of classes reading slides about it).In general, I learned a lot and I really enjoyed the course work. My concentration was in Motor Learning and Control (Bio Behavioral Sciences). I also met many wonderful people who were in the same or in related MA and PhD programs.I just would have liked it more if we (MA students) got a bit more attention from the few important professors in the program.Katya R. New York, NY 6/30/2013 I did an orientation as was considering a Master's there.The teacher to student ratios are quite large and from all my research this is far from a rigorous program.It seems like a veritable diploma mill where the basis for the transaction is very expensive classes in return for a Columbia branded resume (with not what one would expect at a master's level in between). If you fail out of this program, it is because you never showed up for class or the tests, ever.The very high acceptance rate supports this. Columbia has turned a very needed program into a cash cow. This model has been playing out in many of the MS level classes at TC and at the university at large.This is the Harvard Extension School (being very, very kind here to Columbia by even offering that associative reference) equivalent in a teaching program.Buyer beware, and do your own due diligence before you apply (since the above is more or less common knowledge).Tiffany C. Manhattan, NY 12/1/2011 Updated review The school is great! With all the money they have they should be able to remodel the place a little. I love the vintage look, but some of the classrooms need to be re-done. the programs here are great and so are the professors. I wish it cost less money to go there, but i guess you have to pay for a good education. The area around is nice, definitely one of the quieter places in the city.Sam W. Hoboken, NJ 4/21/2012 Want an Ivy League degree barely worth the paper it's printed on? Then TC is for you.This place is an utter racket of criminally high tuition, mediocre to laughable instruction, flimsy joke degrees that will ensure our national education system is staffed by dim layabouts for a long time to come.I can't wait for the National Council on Teacher Quality to drill TC into the ground this fall.Tanya L. Boston, MA 4/10/2011 I really want to rate my graduate school higher. I am grateful the education graduate school of Columbia University admitted me with just a 3.3 undergraduate GPA and gave me the opportunity to get a Master's degree here.I am really appreciative I got a small minority scholarship for working on the academic journal, CICE (Current Issues in Comparative Education) at Teachers College. I would try and get my doctorate here, but the school does not fully fund doctoral students sadly.However, I thought the academic advising system was particularly bad in the department of International and Transcultural studies, as it is TC's policy to pair you up with a professor as your advisor. My former professor could care less about advising me. When she agreed to advise my thesis over the summer, she later flaked out on me when I got an impersonal, mass email from the department head mentioning that she was leaving to take another job in DC. My advisor couldn't even take 10 minutes to write a personal adieu to her advisees, or to say goodbye? Absolutely pathetic.Fortunately, this negative advisory experience was counteracted by a Teachers College faculty member who took me on last minute to help me graduate in 1 year time. In addition, I had several professors that were very good at teaching: Terosky and Hatch come to mind as great.However, I am disheartened by the school itself, because it doesn't seem to value hiring it's own alumni. I would love to work for TC, but I have not been one of the chosen ones. There are non-alumni working in its alumni affairs office and career services offices, and although I'm sure they do an decent jobs, there are alumni out there like me that would give our left arm to work for our alma mater and are not given interviews.Teachers College library itself is absolutely gorgeous: 3 floors of plush chairs and pretty wood desks. I found Teachers College to have enjoyable areas of study. The bookstore employees were always helpful, too.Another qualm I have is the career services center attitude that because I have a Columbia University degree that I will find full-time work soon. Au contraire: being Ivy League in this economy doesn't necessarily mean anything. You cannot advise Teachers College alumni to have hope through reliance on being affiliated with a well respected school. Furthermore, the alumni database the career center touts needs to be built up A LOT more because it is barely searchable as is.Diandra D. Pelham, NY 5/31/2011 I had the BEST time in graduate school ... to the point where I wish elementary, middle, high school and college could have been similar. I love the professors here. The buildings are clean, the classrooms well lit and ventilated. The surrounding neighborhood is perfect for students to let off steam or grab a drink after a grueling day of studying or attending lectures.I was fortunate to receive two strategically located student teacher placements, as well as an on-campus job, which made my intensive year program at TC manageable and enjoyable.My classmates and I typically didn't finish our last class until 10 pm (classes didn't start until 5 because all of us student taught during the day). Nonetheless, professors were always available to talk or answer questions whenever (and I do mean WHENEVER) we had them.We would frequently go to West End (before it became Havana Central- RIP) for drinks and food and stumble home discussing how we could use Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences to determine what alcohol said about our respective personalities. The good 'ol days ...I've gone back to the UWS sporadically to visit with some professors (one was even a guest at my wedding) and see the neighborhood, but truthfully, I'm due for another visit very soon.Elizabeth N. Irvine, CA 2/23/2013 The professors are great and so are the students! The Library and Thorndike are the newer or remodel places in comparison to Thompson, Grace Dodge, HM, and more that need some remodeling. I also love the dinning hall that seems so classic and fancy for a University cafeteria.A B. Boston, MA 6/26/2010 I LOVE TC. I know I am spending WAY too much money here and my loans are adding up, but I am getting a degree that will get me any job in the future (well not 'any' but, within reason). I think if you want to be just a regular education teacher you should not go here because of the expense. But if you are looking for a more specialized degree (special ed, ABA, speech pathology, etc) then this is a GREAT place to go.Paul W. Stamford, CT 3/20/2007 Since no teacher's college can teach a prospective teacher how to teach, either don't teach or find a less expensive way to get the same PC drivel elsewhere. Otherwise, great place to live, and lots of perks in the neighborhood. We lived for four years and I did two masters.Ashley D. Paris, France 4/22/2009 TC is expensive. The education programs are excellent from what I've heard. The psychology departments are good, but the large enrollment of the M.A. programs lend a "degree mill" sense I don't care for. Organizational psychology gets the best bang for the buck - I'm not sure the M.A. in clinical psych would be worth the price. I attend at a discount, but I would consider the cost (as well as living in NYC) very carefully before coming. That being said, I really enjoy my particular program (M.A. Organizational Psychology) and am very happy I have come.About TCABOUT TCACADEMICSADMISSION & AIDSTUDENTSFACULTY & RESEARCHAbout TC At a GlanceAbout TCTimelineA Legacy of InnovatorsDiversity & CommunityOffices and AdministrationOur Students, at a GlanceThere are 5023 students enrolled at Teachers College. Approximately 77 percent are women, and among US Citizens, 13.3 percent are African American, 14.6 percent are Asian American, 13.5 percent are Hispanic / Latino/a, and 3.5 percent have identified with two or more ethnicities. The student body is composed of 20.2 percent international students from eighty-four different countries and nearly 80 percent domestic students from all fifty states and the District of Columbia.College Profile 2016-2017Total enrollment: 5023New Degree Students: 17621398 Fall Enrollment364 Summer EnrollmentDegree LevelMasters: 3624 / 72.2%Doctoral: 1302 / 25.9%Non-degree: 97 / 1.9%StudentsFull-time: 1484 / 29.5%Part time: 3539 / 70.5%Gender Diversity of Matriculated StudentsFemale: 3868 / 77%Male: 1105 / 22%No Answer: 50 / 1%Among Domestic Students Only (Excludes International, Other and Unknown)African-American: 516 / 13.3%Asian-American: 564 / 14.6%Latino/a: 522 / 13.5%Native American: 7 / 0.2%Two or More: 134 / 3.5%Caucasian: 2121 / 54.9%Other & Unknonwn: 143 / 2.9%Among International Students Only (Excludes Other and Unknown)International students: 1016 / 20.2%Africa: 15 / 1.5%Asia: 780 / 76.8%Canada: 46 / 4.5%Europe: 57 / 5.6%Latin America & Caribbean: 82 / 8.1%Middle East & North Africa: 36 / 3.5%Median Student Age30 yearsTeachers College, Columbia UniversityGrad SchoolAll Graduate School RankingsOverviewEducation Admissions Academics Ranking Student Body Cost Teacher PreparationScienceSocial Sciences & HumanitiesHealthU.S. News Education School CompassExpanded School ProfilesAverage GRE ScoresCertification Statistics#7 Best Education Schools2017 Quick StatsAddress525 W. 120th StreetNew York, NY 10027Students1,713 enrolled (full-time)3,207 enrolled (part-time)Tuition$1,454 per credit (full-time)$1,454 per credit (part-time)Education School OverviewThe education school at Teachers College, Columbia University has a rolling application deadline. The application fee for the education program at Teachers College, Columbia University is $65. Its tuition is full-time: $1,454 per credit and part-time: $1,454 per credit. The Teachers College, Columbia University graduate education program has 150 full-time faculty on staff with a 4.6:1 ratio of full-time equivalent doctoral students to full-time faculty.Programs and Specialties#2 Tie Curriculum and Instruction#5 Education Policy#6 Educational Administration and Supervision, in Educational Psychology#2 Elementary Teacher Education, in Higher Education Administration#6 Secondary Teacher Education, in Special EducationAdmissionsApplication deadline rollingApplication fee $65Director of Admissions David EstrellaTOEFL and/or IELTS required for international studentsAcademicsFull-time faculty (tenured or tenure-track) 150Student-faculty ratio 4.6:1Degree programs offeredPrograms/courses offered inStudent BodyTotal enrollment (full-time) 1,713Gender distribution (full-time) Male (23.1%) Female (76.9%)CostTuition full-time: $1,454 per credit part-time: $1,454 per creditRequired fees $856 per yearTeacher PreparationStudents who took an assessment to become a certified or licensed teacher during 2014-2015 216Education School Overview details based on 2015 dataAlumniMuhammad Fadhel al-Jamali, Prime Minister of Iraq (17 September 1953 – 29 April 1954)Charles Alston (1931), artistHafizullah Amin, President of AfghanistanNahas Gideon Angula (MA, EdM), Prime Minister of NamibiaMary Antin (1902), author of the immigrant experienceMichael Apple, professor of Educational Policy Studies, University of WisconsinWilliam Ayers, elementary education theorist, founder of Weather Underground, and professor at University of Illinois, ChicagoSarah Bavly, nutrition education pioneer in IsraelAbby Barry Bergman, science educator, author, school administratorJohn Seiler Brubacher, educational philosopher; professor at YaleDonald Byrd, jazz and fusion trumpet player; music educatorBetty Castor, politician and President of the University of South FloridaChiang Menglin President, Peking University, Minister of Education, Republic of ChinaShirley Chisholm, first African American woman elected to Congress, and former US Presidential candidateNorman Cousins, editor, peace activistElla Cara Deloria (1915), Yankton Sioux ethnologistEdward C. Elliott, educational researcher and president of Purdue UniversityAlbert Ellis, cognitive behavioral therapistEdward Fitzpatrick, president of Mount Mary College and noted expert on conscription during World War I and World War IIClarence Gaines (M.A. 1950), Hall of Fame basketball coach, Winston-Salem State UniversityGordon Gee (Ed.D. 1972), President of Ohio State UniversityTsuruko Haraguchi (Ph.D. 1912), psychologistAndy Holt (Ph.D. 1937), president of University of TennesseeSeymour Itzkoff, Professor Emeritus of Education and Child Study, Smith CollegeGeorge Ivany (M.A. 1962), President of the University of SaskatchewanThomas Kean (M.A. 1963), former Governor of New JerseyMaude Kerns (M.A. 1906), pioneering abstract artist and teacher[32]H. S. S. Lawrence (M.A. 1950, Ed.D. 1950), Indian educationistLee Huan, former Minister of Education and Premier of the Republic of ChinaMosei Lin (Ph.D. 1929), Taiwanese academic and educator; first Taiwanese to receive a Ph.D. degreeJohn C. McAdams, associate professor of political science at Marquette UniversityAgnes Martin (B.A. 1942), artistRollo May, existential psychologistChester Earl Merrow, educator, U.S. Representative from New HampshireRichard P. Mills, former Commissioner of Education for both Vermont and New York StatesJerome T. Murphy, Dean Emeritus at the Harvard Graduate School of EducationGeorgia O'Keeffe, American artistThomas S. Popkewitz (M.A. 1964), professor of Curriculum Theory at the University of Wisconsin-MadisonNeil Postman (M.A. 1955, Ed.D. 1958), cultural criticCaroline Pratt (educator), progressive educator, founder of City and Country School (Bachelor of Pedagogy, 1894)Thomas Granville Pullen Jr. President University of Baltimore, Maryland State Superintendent of EducationRobert Bruce Raup (Ph.D. 1926), Professor Emeritus, Philosophy of Education, and critic of the American Education systemHenrietta Rodman (1904), teacher, feminist activistCarl Rogers (M.A. 1928, Ph.D. 1931), psychologistMartha E. Rogers (M.A. in public health nursing 1945), nursing theorist, creator of Science of unitary human beingsMiriam Roth, Israeli writer and scholar of children's books, kindergarten teacher, and educatorAdolph Rupp, Hall of Fame basketball coach, University of KentuckyWilliam Schuman (B.S. 1935, M.A. 1937), composer, former president of the Juilliard School of Music and of Lincoln Center for the Performing ArtsJames Monroe Smith, president of Louisiana State University, 1930–1939Karl Struss (B.A. 1912), photographer and cinematographer; pioneer in 3D filmsBobby Susser (M.A. 1987), children's songwriter, record producer, performerTao Xingzhi, Chinese educator and political activistEdward Thorndike, psychologistRobert L. Thorndike (M.A. 1932, Ph.D. 1935), psychologistMerryl Tisch, educator, Chancellor, New York State Board of RegentsMinnie Vautrin, (M.A. 1919), educator and missionary.Ruth Westheimer (Ed.D. 1970), sex therapistFloyd Wilcox (M.A. 1920), third president of Shimer CollegeJohn Davis Williams, Chancellor of the University of Mississippi (1946 to 1968)Zhang Boling (1917), Founder and president, National Nankai University, Tianjin, ChinaBest Education SchoolsRanked in 2016 | Best Education Schools Rankings MethodologyA teacher must first be a student, and graduate education program rankings can help you find the right classroom. With the U.S. News rankings of the top education schools, narrow your search by location, tuition, school size and test scores.Rank School name Tuition Total enrollment#1 Stanford University Stanford, CA $45,729 per year (FT) 373#2 Tie Harvard University Cambridge, MA $43,280 per year (FT) 891#2 Tie Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD $1,000 per credit (FT) 2,161#4 University of Wisconsin—​Madison Madison, WI$11,870 per year (in-state, FT); $25,197 per year (out-of-state, FT) 1,030#5 Vanderbilt University (Peabody) Nashville, TN $1,818 per credit (FT) 908#6 University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA $47,364 per year (FT) 1,140#7 Teachers College, Columbia University New York, NY $1,454 per credit (FT) 4,920#8 Tie Northwestern University Evanston, IL $48,624 per year (FT) 318#8 Tie University of Washington Seattle, WA$16,536 per year (in-state, FT); $29,742 per year (out-of-state, FT) 938#10 University of Texas—​Austin Austin, TX $8,402 per year (in-state, FT); $16,338 per year (out-of-state, FT) 1,025#11 University of California—​Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA$11,220 per year (in-state, FT); $26,322 per year (out-of-state, FT) 686#12 Tie University of Michigan—​Ann Arbor Ann Arbor, MI$21,040 per year (in-state, FT); $42,530 per year (out-of-state,FT) 524#12 Tie University of Oregon Eugene, OR$16,032 per year (in-state, FT); $22,752 per year (out-of-state,FT) 592#14 Arizona State University Phoenix, AZ$10,610 per year (in-state,FT); $27,086 per year (out-of-state,FT) 2,627#15 Tie Michigan State University East Lansing, MI$705 per credit (in-state, FT); $1,353 per credit (out-of-state, FT) 1,862#15 Tie New York University (Steinhardt) New York, NY $36,912 per year (FT) 3,117#15 Tie University of Kansas Lawrence, KS$378 per credit (in-state, FT); $881 per credit (out-of-state, FT) 1,209#18 Tie Ohio State University Columbus, OH$11,560 per year (in-state, FT); $31,032 per year (out-of-state, FT) 989#18 Tie University of California—​Berkeley Berkeley, CA$11,220 per year (in-state, FT); $26,322 per credit (out-of-state, FT) 343#20 University of Minnesota—​Twin Cities Minneapolis, MN$15,844 per year (in-state, full-time); $24,508 per year (out-of-state, full-time) 1,861#21 Tie University of Southern California (Rossier) Los Angeles, CA$1,666 per credit (full-time) 1,866#21 Tie University of Virginia (Curry) Charlottesville, VA$14,856 per year (in-state, FT); $24,288 per year (out-of-state, FT) 937#23 Tie Boston College (Lynch) Chestnut Hill, MA $1,310 per credit (FT) 793#23 Tie University of Illinois—​Urbana-​Champaign Champaign, IL$12,060 per year (in-state, FT); $26,058 per year (out-of-state, FT) 792#25 University of California—​Irvine Irvine, CA$11,220 per year (in-state, FT); $26,322 per year (out-of-state, FT) 274