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You can’t put a ligature in a name, because ligatures are a stylistic choice where two letters are replaced with a single glyph that represents both. The name would feature regular letters, and it is up to the person typesetting the name (on a birthday card let’s say) to activate ligatures or not.What you are referring to is a grapheme, which is the smallest unit of a writing system of any given language, and can consist of two or more characters. Æ/æ used to be a ligature of ‘ae’, however, but has been promoted to the status of a proper letter in some languages, including Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, and Faroese.Pedantry aside, I think there is no harm in naming your child ‘Aemilia’, but naming your child ‘Æmilia’ may result in unexpected frustration, particularly if you travel abroad.PronunciationWhether the name is ‘Æmilia’ or ‘Aemilia’, I think people are inclined to pronounce it correctly, and if they don’t, it will likely not be on account of the grapheme ‘æ’, but on account of the letter combination (ae) itself.Similarly, whether you spell ‘encyclopedia’, ‘encyclopaedia’, or the obsolete ‘encyclopædia’, the pronunciation remains the same. However, the pronunciations of ‘paedophile’ and ‘pedophile’ do differ. This is to illustrate that it might be the digraph ‘ae’ that will bring about confusion, rather than the use of a grapheme.People potentially mispronouncing your child’s name is not a major issue, I think, and when it comes to ‘Æmilia’ I don’t suspect there is a big tendency for it to get mispronounced. If it does, that is an issue which is easy to correct.AlphabetizationThis is probably a very minor concern, but it is worth mentioning. When it comes to alphabetization of the first name, on many—if not most—computers, ‘Æ’ comes after ‘A’, and so even though the grapheme denotes ‘ae’, when alphabetically ordered the name would come in between ‘Az’ and ‘Ba’. No reason to call the emergency number, but do keep in mind that ‘Æ’ and ‘Ae’ are not quite the same. It also emphasizes the fact that ‘Æ’ is indeed a letter, and not a ligatured ‘ae’.Philip Newton:There are many ways to sort or collate things, and the order will depend on the collation you use.If your computer is set up for Danish, then Æ will probably come not between Az and Ba but after Zz and before Øa.If the system just uses Unicode code points for collation (“ASCIIbetical order” extended for Unicode), then Æ will come after Å but before Ç, and all of those will be after Z or z or ~.And so on.So that’s yet another happy fun thing: you never know where you’ll end up in a sorted list, because there isn’t one globally-accepted unique sorting order for symbols.(Speaking of Slovak, I once attended an Esperanto meetup in Slovakia with attendees from all over the Europe and some from evern further afield. In the list of participants who had agreed to have their name published afterwards, all the Christians were sorted after the Hugos — makes perfect sense for a Slovak but I think a German or a Frenchman would not think to look for ‘Ch’ after ‘H’!)Missing lettersNow we get to the real issue with naming your child Æmilia, or using other unconventional letters. ‘Æ’ may be supported by most professional fonts in the West, but if you go to Asia, for example, you may run into problems with your passport, because their register does not include the letter. I can’t find the source, but I read an article that detailed the horrors this person went through because their parents decided to give the person a name starting with an unconventional letter.In In the Name Of the Father (or the troubles with L-caron), graphic- and typeface designer Peter Biľak details his frustrations with his own name in a similar situation:A real-life situation that forced a type designer to evaluate his profession. One small typographic detail (an incorrect version of the diacritic over the letter L) caused troubles with the authorities. With a happy end.ʻIs it all worth it in the end?!ʼ might be the type designerʼs lament in a moment of weakness. As a typeface designer I spend countless hours designing first the basic Latin alphabet, then the extended Latin alphabet (to support languages ranging from Icelandic to Maltese), then mathematical symbols, currency symbols, diacritics, punctuation, Cyrillic characters, Greek characters… The tiniest details of design and spacing have to be checked. With more than 2000 characters per font, it can be a tedious task to make sure that all possible letter combinations look as they should. I could easily spend a week adjusting the spacing of the characters needed to write polytonic Greek. But only a handful of people use polytonic Greek, the basically obsolete system replaced by modern Greek. What else could be accomplished in the time that I spend adjusting characters that someone, somewhere might use sometime? How many lives could be saved? How many trees planted? How many houses rebuilt? What am I doing here? Does it make any sense?Although I usually manage to convince myself that what I do is tremendously important (ʻvisualizing the languageʼ, as I grandiosely call it), there are those weak moments when I am not sure. (After all, how many more fonts does the world really need?) Especially now: our daughter Elisa was born less than a week ago, scrambling all our routines, shuffling all our priorities. How can I compare spending an hour adjusting the spacing of a font to spending an hour soothing my baby daughter?I havenʼt touched a bezier curve for a week now, being a good father. And one of my fatherly duties is to stop by the city hall to request the birth certificate. Armed with all the necessary paperwork, I enter the monumental building of The Hague municipal office. After a brief wait, I get to explain to a charming, efficient lady that I have come to register our newborn.ʻLovely. Congratulations,ʼ she says.I present my ID, my wifeʼs ID and the papers from the hospital. Everything is fine, everything is in order, everyone is smiling, until suddenly she says, ʻAnd what is your name?ʼ The methodical Dutch civil servant canʼt find my name in the system.ʻHow do you spell that again?ʼAs a descendant of the Slavic settlers of the Danube river basin, I have a surname with an accent: Biľak. The name has given me some trouble because of the accent over the L. When I first arrived in the Netherlands, another efficient public servant in his best effort to record my name wrote: Bilʼ ak. ʻPretty close,ʼ I thought at the time. Charming even, how hard they try. Except that when I receive official mail, their software, programmed to capitalize all proper nouns, addresses it to P. Bilʼ Ak, which probably makes my neighbors wonder what African tribe I come from.After ten minutes of fruitless searching in the database for all possible variations of my last name, there are now four determined bureaucrats coming up with ideas. ʻTry searching by first name.ʼ There are over 4000 Peters living in The Hague. ʻTry his birth date.ʼ 253 people born on the same day.After what seems like an eternity of searching, they finally find my records. But instead of relief, I feel concern: will Elisa have to go through this every time? I try to take action.ʻLook, my name is not right in the database. It is not Bilʼ ak, it is Biľak.ʼ The gathering of Dutch civil servants gives me a collective perplexed look.ʻBut thatʼs just what we have, donʼt you see.ʼ I try to remain calm and polite.ʻWell, no it isnʼt.ʼ I even have a convincing argument. ʻMove the cursor one letter at a time. It should be 5 characters: B-i-ľ-a-k, see, not B-i-l-apostrophe-space-a-k, as it is now.ʼʻThe trouble is,ʼ I say in the voice I use in my typography lectures, ʻthat instead of the small letter L with a caron, you used L and an apostrophe. L-caron is a character used only in the Slovak language, so perhaps your computer doesnʼt have access to it.ʼʻNo, thatʼs impossible, we recognize all accents – look.ʼ The assembly of clerks shows off, scrolling through a collection of accented characters. I scan through them, dismissing Latvian L with a cedilla, Polish L with a stroke, Catalan L with a mid dot, another few Lʼs whose uses I donʼt know.Finally I see it. ʻL-caron, there it is!ʼ I exclaim.ʻThatʼs not it, that looks completely different.ʼIndeed, the L-caron that I am pointing to has a different form of caron, something like an inverted circumflex, a little upside-down roof. ʻIt looks different because of the font you use, but it is the right character,ʼ I insist.ʻNo, no, thatʼs a different letter. This is the right one,ʼ says one of the clerks, pointing at L-acute, another letter used in Slovak.I begin to realise that this is going to be difficult. Iʼve lectured on typography to students, to professors, to designers, but never to skeptical city hall employees. The only point of reference they have is my original birth certificate, and I have to agree that the L-acute looks closest to it.I start to explain that L-caron is a palatalized consonant unique to the Slovak language, that it is almost always followed by a vowel, that Jan Hus the Czech religious reformer is credited with the reforms of Czech orthography and first introduced diacritical marks sometime in the 14th century. That Anton Bernolák codified the Slovak language standards in his 1787 Dissertatio philologico-critica de litteris Slavorum and introduced the L-caron.The clerks are not impressed.ʻThis is a different letter, not your L-caron.ʼI start to lose patience.ʻItʼs your font which is wrong. What is it? Oh, I see, itʼs Arial. Well, Arial Unicode is simply wrong. The problem is in the font.ʼ I start to sketch the differences between the correct and incorrect version on the back of an official document. ʻTwo different representations, but the same phonetic value. Both versions are acceptable, but THIS ONE,ʼ I say with dramatic emphasis, ʻis the general standard in Slovak orthography.ʼThe clerks are dismissive, unwilling to negotiate the value of their system font. I am fighting an uphill battle. In the depths of my soul I begin to wonder: how many fonts have I designed? Many. Too many. But Iʼd be willing to change them all to include the incorrect version of the L-caron to save Elisa future troubles.ʻWe can call the Slovak embassy, and they will prove that this is the correct character.ʼ I suggest.ʻNo, that is not legally acceptable.ʼʻSo what would you need in order to accept the correct spelling of the name?ʼʻWe would need your birth certificate with this version of L,ʼ the clerk says, pointing to the incorrect L-caron.I was running out of options. Getting a new birth certificate with the wrong L-caron would be as difficult as changing the font in The Hagueʼs municipal computers. Suddenly I had an idea. On the table was a sample template of the birth certificate, and when I looked closely, I saw that it used Times New Roman.ʻCan we try something? Just a test, nothing binding,ʼ I say.I receive a hesitant approval.ʻTry using this incorrect L-caron and print the birth certificate. I think it will look fine when you print it.ʼʻNo it wonʼt,ʼ the clerks say, ʻit will be just the same.ʼʻPlease, just try it.ʼI am taking a risk, counting on the fact that if the print is really made in Times New Roman, it is highly unlikely that the L-caron is incorrect in that font as well. The clerks enter the name. The ancient printer whines and clacks, then stops. Dramatic silence. I feel like I am performing the ultimate magic trick. The printer ejects the paper and five clerks huddle around it, scrutinizing it carefully. I can hardly breathe. The clerks shake their heads.ʻThis is really strange. It looks different.ʼThe printed version has the correct L-caron. The municipal computers display in Arial Unicode, but they print in Times New Roman, and the birth certificate looks just fine. I feel the thrill of victory and the clerks start to realize that the problem is indeed in the font. Ten minutes later I am holding the correctly spelled certificate in my hands, holding it as tightly as I hold Elisa when she cries.Tiny details in typography seem to make sense again.All in all, I think you can save your child a lot of frustration by using letters that are readily accessible in most languages.

Rather like Passports, both Adoption and Birth Certificates are VERY powerful documents.If someone steals you Brith-Certificate, they can “steal “ your identity that is to say they can claim to be you (impersonation) and create illegal documents, which may be deemed to be high level security documents and that would include:Passport.Impersonation of a Marriage Certificate, where your details can be fed in to a data base, and then with a Birth Certificate of the opposite sex (I will exclude civil, same sex marriage for the time being). By creating or copying a birth certificate of a person not legally entitled to marry (for various reason) can result in massive oppurtuniuty for fraud, including human smuggling.Birth Certificates are often used in criminal law do distinguish would be suspects at trial level in criminal courts. Particularly before the days of DNA testing, similar Birth Certfifcates could be used to impersonate another person which has a similar description to you. If you want a good example of how this sort of fraud can occur a scene from the film “ The day of the Jacakal”, where a (ficltional) hired assissin to kill Charles De Gaulle, manages to change his name three times and gets (literally inches) from assisinating De Gaulle, He finds a grave of a child who had died before the age of 3 and as a resulting of knowing where he was buried, the surnames of his parents and the town the boy was born.In the film, the would be assissin goes to the Register of Births Deaths and Marriages, and knowning the names of the deceased child, his place of birth and death, along with the name of the parents and the date the child was born, pulls a copy of the document.Through subversive means he fraudulently creates an application for a passport in the name of the deceased including a photograph of himself in disguise as a man of equal age to that which the infant would have been had it survived.He then travels on the false document and commits one murder to cover his tracks, then creates a further document, this time in another Country and their passport, using the name of the infant for the person who he has murderded so identy and personality change as the photogrpaphs of the original person he impersonates, from the child who’s identity he has already stolen, but obvioulsy no photo indentification of the child he has impersonated (for obvious reasons).He then steals the photograph of the person he has murderded and then transfers the details from the Birth Certificate of the dead child in to a false passport carrying the details of the murdered man and applies for a further passport but this time in Denmark (where he claims to originate).It is not until that enquiries are made and it is discovered that a further passport has (this time legitamately) applied for, but with a completely incorrrect information and a full identiy theft complete, but appears to be totally valid as it can be tied to the Birth Certificate, but by chance the Death Certificate of the Minor is tied to the application of the Passport, which is in a different name to the forged Birth Certificate which he has used to apply for the fraudulent passport.When the Police discover that Paul Olive Duggan (who the name is stolen from), they can trace back the application to the Passport Office and the copy of the Brith Ceritifacte of Duggan, which has been linked to the Death Certificate and would be impossible for a Death Certificate issued 30 years ago, with a Birth Certifcate of equal date and recorded parents; the giver away that the passports have conflicting information about the place of birth.To answer you question, both Birth and Death Certificates are very strong evdience and documents and far from pointless can be used both criminally and legally to produce documents, but from an investigation point of view provide an “audit trail” which can disprove the would be fraudsters identity.Also Birth Certificates are very important when it comes to tracing identity generally and that includes issues over parentage and in Pulbic Records can be used as evidence in cases of incest.The law relating to Births Deaths and Marraiges in theUK goes back to the 19th Centuary when marriages were often created, albeit innocently, between brother and sister, who had become separated at birth, but without regisitration as individuals, when it came to reading of “Banns” (a church procedure) and published in the local press of both parties to the marriage (in the days when people both attended church on a Sunday as well as read the local newspapers) and often came across the names as associated as (very often) sister and brother.This was frequent in Victorian times when girls were “placed in to service” at the local manor house, or sometimes an Estate some hundred miles away (remember back in the 19th Centuary 100 miles was a long way), and very often a brother and sister, or more often a blood cousin met, and not realising that they were related got married only to find when investigated by the church records, and by now the centralised recording of Birth Certifiactes that they were indeed were related and the marrage void.Of course there is a reason why incest is such a serious issue is due to genetic corruption could lead to both physical and mental disorders of the infant of the incestous marriage, indeed one generation further where a double recessive gene may corrupt furthe and cause not just physical and mental disorders but serious deformity or at worst reacting with mother and dying “invitro” and causing a miscarriage by the mother, killing the mother in process.Although Birth Certificate informantion is now held on central data bases and not Parish Records only, that does not stop the data being corrupted or deliberately tampered with. We all know that computers and their databases are far from infallable !At least with hard copy cetifications (and that incudes death certificates) there is a full audit trail should a computer disk or hard-drive corrupt, whether due to computing issues, or deliberate tampering with data; which is a lot easier than officialdom who prefer people to beleive !So far from being pointless, certificates, particularly the trraditional British ones which were signed in fluid ink, that is to say with a fountain pen such if it gets wet it will smudge slightly even though it is “pemeranent” ink, but will show that it is forged. Also an excellent audit trail, as the mother and father of that named on the Birth Certificate can be traced too.Chris R- London

Some pretty good answers here, but most of them deal with over-the-road truckers. Which is a good-paying, but demanding job. But, it’s not the only place we’re facing shortages. My business involves Class A and B drivers locally, so my drivers only work 5–6 days a week and are home every night. And it’s still a challenge recruiting. Here’s what I’ve noticed:There’s no doubt that wages are going up, but this is a response to the shortage and it’s not so much that wages in trucking were poor before. My lowest paid driver makes about 1/3 more than the median annual wage in our area, and OTR drivers see a premium as much as 50% higher than that. Wages haven’t been an issue as much as simply finding qualified people to get in the door in the first place. Right now, there is no governmental requirement that drivers attend a school (though they are likely to impose that requirement soon), and we have hired people with no experience in the past and trained them in-house. Today, we’re having problems finding qualified people even with no training.A big piece of the puzzle is the same that we see in a lot of skilled-labor jobs: the college track has been pitched for at least 30 years now, and everyone thinks they need a college degree to make any money. When you’re told by your high school guidance counselor that a degree is the secret to happiness, it’s tough to see that a job that involves muddy construction sites and long hours sitting in a bouncing seat staring out a window is a valid choice.Regulation is definitely a problem as well. Trucking is one of the most highly-regulated jobs in the country. By this I mean the job itself, not the just industry. It’s true that trucking is a regulated industry, and plenty of companies have been fined, but trucking is one of the few jobs out there where the front-line worker is liable for violations.A worker in a factory can be held liable for not wearing the proper footwear and violating OSHA regulations, but it’s not very likely. More likely, his employer will be the one facing the fine. But, a trucker that goes through a scale with one too few straps or with a load that’s out of balance so that one of his axles has 21000 lbs on it instead of 20000 can and will be personally responsible for the violation. Some companies will reimburse the driver for that violation, but plenty of them won’t.And the regulations are complex. Basically, a LEO who wants to find something wrong with your vehicle will. I’ve had trucks red-flagged for having a small flat spot on a brake line. It was not a danger, and the FMCSA regulations theoretically say that it’s not a violation unless the braids of the line are visible, but that didn’t stop the officer from issuing a ticket and forcing me to call a mobile service unit before moving the truck. We probably could have fought the ticket, but it would have involved a 2 hour round trip to meet the court date in a neighboring county. And the ticket was only $40, while the mobile unit bill was over $500 and wouldn’t have been reimbursed.The regulations are so complex that almost no two LEOs enforce them the same way. For example, I just had a driver issued a warning for not having a medical certificate on file with the Department of Transportation. When he returned to the yard, I double-checked his driving record, and it’s right there. Expires in a year. Has the issue date and the examiner’s name right on it. Theoretically, that county sheriff has access to the same database I, as an employer, have access to. Who knows why he couldn’t see the same information.A lot of LEOs don’t understand the regulations themselves. Load securement regulations require you to put 2 straps on any item over 800 lbs. for the first 5′ of the item, and then an additional strap every 5′ after the first. (There are more regulations than that, but that’s the first one.) I once had a Commercial Motor Vehicle Enforcement officer pull me behind a scale because I only had 2 straps on a 4′ pallet that weighed about 600 lbs. It generally doesn’t pay to argue with those guys, so I was in the process of throwing a third strap over the damn thing when the officer came out to tell me I was right, and only 2 straps were required. The guy didn’t know his own regulations.And the medical exams themselves are an issue. Others have pointed out the drug-testing requirements, and it’s a pretty well-documented fact that younger people are more likely to be ambivalent about pot use. It really doesn’t matter how many states legalize weed, I don’t think the FMCSA is going to be in a hurry to get rid of drug testing for commercial drivers. So, the pool of potential drivers is shrinking the same way the pool of potential military members is shrinking. But, beyond weed use, there are other factors in the medical testing. The FMCSA is really worried about sleep apnea now. So, anyone with a neck above a certain measurement is required to do a sleep study, even guys like mine, who sleep at home every night. Perhaps you’re familiar with the body types of truck drivers…in the last couple of years I think I may have had 10% of my drivers not required to do a sleep study. Even with my company picking up the bill, it’s a pretty big pain in the ass.So, the regulations are really pinching the number of new people willing to enter the industry. But, they’re also pinching the number of older people willing to remain in the industry. The new Electronic Logging Device Standard has made it pretty much impossible to cheat on the hours that the FMCSA allows a driver to work. A lot of the older drivers are used to cheating their logs here and there to make up for slow unloads or an extra-long haul to get home (there are are exceptions for this one, but a home-run that takes you a minute over your time means your Electronic Log is flashing red and recording a violation). The fact that they can no longer cheat the system with paper logs has a lot of older drivers leaving the industry.This is not unique to the trucking industry, but any means. It’s happened to a lot of blue-collar jobs. But the qualifications for a commercial license act as a de facto E-Verify for truck driving jobs. You have to have the right ID to even test for a commercial license. Fifteen years ago, I was turned away because I only had my regular drivers’ license and a passport. It didn’t matter that you need a birth certificate to get a passport, the DOT wasn’t even going to let me test unless I had my birth certificate and social security card. You might be able to get away with a fake social security card and a utility bill if you’re applying to be a carpenter or a landscaper. It’s not going to happen if you’re trying to be a truck driver.So, basically, we have a shortage of truck drivers because there’s not enough young people entering the industry, older drivers are retiring because they’re tired of the pain-in-the-butt, and we’re not able to replace drivers with undocumented immigrants as they’ve done in other industries. There’s no doubt that higher wages would mitigate these things…and wages are shooting up in the industry, but we haven’t reached a status quo to even things out, and if the automated revolution hits trucking the way everyone seems to think it will, we probably never will.