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3 June 1947:Mountbatten proposed the partition plan to divide British India into independent dominions of India and Pakistan.19 June 1947:Lord Mountbatten visited Kashmir for 5 days to persuade the Maharaja to accede to India or Pakistan.😔 The Maharaja showed reluctance.11 July 1947:Md Ali Jinnah declared that if Kashmir opted for independence, Pakistan would have friendly relations with it.Liaquat Ali Khan endorsed this position.19 July 1947:Jinnah's personal secretary K. H. Khurshid assured the Maharaja that Pakistan would not "take away an iota of his power".23 July 1947:State's PM Ram Chandra Kak visited Delhi for 5 days, meeting Mountbatten and the political leaders of Congress and the Muslim League.He explained that the State had decided not to accede to either Dominion.😥(Ram Chandra kak)14 August 1947 – 15 August 1947:Independence and Partition of British India into 🇮🇳 and 🇵🇰.Kashmir signed the Standstill Agreement with Pakistan.India requested further discussions for a standstill agreement.20 August 1947:Pakistan Army formulated Operation Gulmarg to organize a tribal invasion of Kashmir.The main invasion of raiders into J and K that was planned and launched by the Army HQs of Pakistan was called 'Operation Gulmarg'.👇1–2 September 1947:(Mian Iftikharuddin)Pakistan Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan charged Mian Iftikharuddin with organizing a revolt in Kashmir.✅Iftikharuddin introduced the Muslim Conference leader Sardar Ibrahim to Colonel Akbar Khan.✅Sardar Ibrahim requested and received arms for the rebels.Invasion of Tribe started. 👇4 September 1947:Henry Lawrence Scott informed the Maharaja that 400 armed Muslims infiltrated 😡from Kahuta into the state to terrorize the Hindu and Sikh minorities.Kashmir reported the information to Pakistan and urged it to control the infiltration.12 September 1947:Liaquat Ali Khan approved ✅ the plan for "Armed Revolt inside Kashmir" prepared by Colonel Akbar Khan and another plan prepared by Sardar Shaukat Hayat Khan.Khurshid Anwar of the Muslim League National Guard was dispatched to the Frontier to mobilize the “Pashtun tribes”👇 for an armed attack.19 September 1947:The Muslim Conference acting president Choudhri Hamidullah and general secretary Ishaque Qureshi were summoned by Pakistani prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan and briefed about Pakistan's invasion plans.19 September 1947:Mahajan met Jawaharlal Nehru and Vallabhbhai Patel in Delhi and apprised them of the situation in the state.He indicated the Maharaja's willingness to accede to India but asked for political reforms to be delayed.🤓🤓Nehru demanded the release of Sheikh Abdullah.20 September 1947:According to Sardar Ibrahim, a people's militia of 50,000 ex-servicemen 😡had been raised to form an 'Azad Army'.22 September 1947:Muslim Conference convention at Srinagar took a decision favoring accession to Pakistan.27 September 1947:Nehru wrote to Vallabhbhai Patel predicting a Pakistani incursion into Kashmir.😔29 September 1947:✅ Sheikh Abdullah was released from prison.30 September 1947:🤨 Nehru proposed using plebiscite as a means of settling disputes regarding princely states.It was discussed in the Indian Cabinet and then communicated to Pakistani Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan in Delhi.Khan's eyes were said to have "sparkled" at the proposal, though he made no response.😏Tribal started Occupying J&K.5 October 1947:Nehru is informed by Dwarakanath Kachru that the Maharaja had lost control of the western districts of the state.😥6 October 1947:An armed rebellion began in Poonch🇮🇳(185101).Sardar Ibrahim organized the Poonch rebellion, with the help of Pakistan Army and the Muslim League, the invasion of Jammu and Kashmir.The Maharaja replaced Chief of State Forces Banbury and Police Chief Powell with Hindu officers.8 October 1947 – 9 October 1947:The Owen Pattan (POK) post on Jhelum river was captured by rebels.😡(Also known as “Azad Pattan”)Sehnsa, a large town in POK, and Throchi were abandoned by State Forces after the attack.😡Pakistani raids on the borders of Jammu and Kathua districts began.😡12 October 1947:Khurshid Hasan 👇K. H. Khurshid, Jinnah's private secretary, was sent to Kashmir to mobilize support for Pakistan,😑 He advocated Pakistan to use force, and "supply arms and foodstuff to the tribes within and without the state."14 October 1947:The activists of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 🚩 and the Akalis 🙏mounted on villages of the Jammu district to help Hindu and Sikh victims of Tribal attack.but 1947 Jammu violence began.15 October 1947:Mehr Chand Mahajan took charge as Prime Minister of the state. The concentration of tribesmen reported at Abbottabad-Mansehra.(“Abbottabad” in 🇵🇰)17 October 1947:Brigadier N.S. Rawat given the charge of the Jammu Brigade of the State Forces.and Brigadier Khuda Baksh made Chief of Staff, second in command.17-18 October 1947:A battalion of Patiala State Forces arrives in Jammu and a mountain battery (artillery regiment) is stationed in Srinagar.20 October 1947:Lorries carrying 900 “Mahsud” tribesmen😡 departed the Frontier tribal region heading to Kashmir.😌 Governor George Cunningham sent a letter to Indian Army Chief Gen. Rob Lockhart & warned him about the invasion;the letter was received on 23 or 24 October.21 October 1947:Dak Bungalow at Bhimber was attacked by rebels.There were accusations that this was an effort to kill or abduct the Maharaja, who had been scheduled to visit that day.Now, first Indo🇮🇳-Pakistani🇵🇰 War Started.21 October 1947 – 22 October 1947:Pakistan launched a tribal Lashkar (levy) from Waziristan to overthrow the Maharaja's government.😠Thousands of Pashtuns from Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province recruited covertly by the Pakistani Army, invaded Kashmir along with the Poonch rebels,😑In Poonch and Jammu, The tribesmen engaged in looting and killing 😔along the way.👉 Pro-Pakistan members of the Maharaja's army rebelled at Domel (Muzaffarabad) and took control of the Jhelum river bridge.😔22 October 1947:👏All the Muslim members of the State Police in Jammu City (after their rebellion) were disarmed and ordered to go to Pakistan.24 October 1947:😍 R.L. Batra, the Deputy Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, carried a message from the Maharaja to Nehru which requested military assistance and proposed accession to India.24 October 1947: Bhimber fell to rebels after an attack by armoured vehicles of the Pakistan Army.😥(“Bhimber” in POK)25 October 1947:A Defence Committee meeting in Delhi, headed by Lord Mountbatten, considered the Maharaja's request.Ministers were unanimous in sending military assistance.but disagreed on whether to accept Kashmir's accession.✅ The secretary of the States Department, V. P. Menon, was sent to Kashmir to assess the situation.26 October 1947:V. P. Menon brought news that:the situation in Kashmir was critical.the Maharaja was ready to agree to "any terms".😀✅26 October 1947 – 27 October 1947:The Maharaja signed the Instrument of Accession (IOA), acceding the state to the Indian Union.😍India accepted the accession, regarding it provisional until such time as the will of the people could be ascertained.🙏 IOA confirms that J&K belongs to India🇮🇳.27 October 1947:The Indian army entered the state to repel the invaders.27 October 1947:Mohammad Ali Jinnah ordered General Douglas Gracey to send Pakistani troops into Kashmir.Gracey declined, pointing out the fact of Kashmir's accession to India.Gracey had a 'stand-down order' from Supreme Commander Claude Auchinleck to the effect that, in the event of an inter-Dominion war, all the British officers in both the armies must stand down.27 October 1947:The Kashmir Liberation Committee was formed to manage Pakistan's conduct of the war.It was headed byPrime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan,with Colonel Akbar Khan as the military member,Ghulam Muhammad, the finance minister, andSardar Ibrahim, the president of the POK government.28 October 1947:Field Marshal Auchinleck flew to Lahore to explain the stand-down order to Jinnah.Upon his suggestion, Jinnah invited the Indian leaders for a conference in Lahore.but the Indian Cabinet declined the invitation.29 October 1947:Jinnah and Liaquat Ali Khan entered the war officially by deciding to maintain a force of at least 5,000 tribesmen in Kashmir.😒Tribesmen again poured into Kashmir.31 October 1947:Sheikh Abdullah was appointed as the head of the Emergency Administration in Kashmir.31 October 1947:A provisional government was declared by the rebels.1 November 1947:Lord Mountbatten and Mohammad Ali Jinnah met in Lahore, as the Governor-General of India and Pakistan.Mountbatten offered India's proposal that:the accession of Junagadh, Hyderabad, and Kashmir should be decided by an impartial reference to the will of the people in the form of a plebiscite.Jinnah rejected the offer.Early November:Sheikh Abdullah recommended thatIndia should give an ultimatum and declare war against Pakistan upon the expiry of the ultimatum.Nehru did not favour a broader war.3 November 1947:Tribesmen broke through to within 5 miles (8.0 km) of the Srinagar airport and were beaten back.Indians suffered heavy casualties.Indian Home Minister Vallabhbhai Patel argued for the army to be reinforced;two more battalions were air-lifted, and a squadron of armoured cars and field artillery were dispatched from Pathankot.3 November 1947:Mendhar, in the eastern part of the Poonch district fell to rebels; Bagh and Rawalakot followed in quick succession.Hindu and Sikh refugees from these areas took shelter in Nowshera, Mirpur, Kotli and Poonch, which were all surrounded by rebels.(Mendhar is in India-administrative Kashmir)5 November 1947:Most of the tribesmen withdrew to Uri in the face of the Indian assault. Many returned home, sensing that the fight was lost.5 November 1947 – 6 November 1947:Convoys of Muslim refugees from Jammu going to West Punjab were attacked by armed bands supported by State troops; very few survived.6 November became a remembrance day in Pakistan and Azad Kashmir.7 November 1947:Reinforced Indian troops in the Kashmir Valley engaged the tribesmen at Shalateng and inflicted heavy casualties.The defeated tribal forces were pursued and Baramulla and Uri were recaptured.(Baramulla-193101)(Uri-193123)Rajouri was captured by Azad rebels.30,000 Hindus and Sikhs gathered there were killed before it was relieved, with the exception of 1,500 who escaped to the hills.9 November 1947:An attack on a convoy of Muslim refugees from Jammu was repelled by Indian troops, killing 150 of the attackers.No further attacks on convoys were reported after this incident.13 November 1947:Major General Kalwant Singh issued an order to the 50 Para Brigade to relieve Nowshera, Jhangar, Mirpur, Kotli and Poonch in seven days.The ambitious plan was criticised by General Roy Bucher.16 November 1947:Pakistan's Political Agent, Khan Mohammad Alam Khan, arrived in Gilgit and took over the administration.The provisional government was dismissed.18 November 1947:50 Para Brigade relieved Nowshera.(Pin-19001Nowshera.(Pin-19001125 November 1947:Mirpur fell to rebels. 20,000 Hindus and Sikhs taking shelter at the town were killed during the rebel occupation.The day is remembered as the "Mirpur day" in Indian-administered Jammu.26 November 1947:50 Para Brigade relieved Kotli, but evacuated it the next day due to the difficulty of defending it against the surrounding rebels.(Kotli, POK)26 November 1947 – 27 November 1947:During Liaquat Ali Khan's visit to Delhi for a Joint Defence Council meeting,the two countries reached an agreement on the sharing of sterling balances.A tentative agreement on Kashmir was reached;Pakistan agreed to use its influence on the raiders to withdraw, India to scale back its troops, andthe UN to be approached for holding a plebiscite.However, the agreement was vetoed by Jinnah:"No commitments should be made without my approval of terms of settlement. Mr. Liaquat has agreed and promised to abide by this understanding," read his note to the ministers.The next day, India's Defence Committee was informed that Pakistan was reinforcing the tribesmen.30 November 1947:Large concentrations of insurgents were reported at Sialkot, Gujrat and Jhelum.December 1947:Liaquat Ali Khan visited the Azad staging areas in the Sialkot District and was enraged by the reports of atrocities narrated by the Azad rebels.He issued a renewed call to arms.4 December 1947:The British Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army sanctioned military involvement in the Kashmir War.One million rounds of ammunition and twelve volunteer officers were provided.8 December 1947:A meeting between Nehru and Liaquat Ali Khan, along with ministers and Lord Mountbatten, was deadlocked.Mountbatten proposed that the UN be invited to break the deadlock.15 December 1947 – 20 December 1947:Indian forces lost ground and Nehru contemplated escalating the war across the international border to strike against the raider's bases, but decides against it.20 December 1947:Mountbatten recommended India take the matter to the UN, where he says it would have a "cast-iron case".He believed the UN would promptly direct Pakistan to withdraw.The proposal was discussed in the Indian Cabinet.22 December 1947:Nehru handed Liaquat Ali Khan a formal letter demanding that Pakistan deny assistance to the raiders.24 December 1947:Indian forces were evicted from Jhangar by rebels.(Jhangar represented by the red icon in above two maps)However, the Indian army repelled the attack on Nowshera by 27 December. India reinforced Kashmir by an additional brigade.27 December 1947:British Commonwealth Minister Philip Noel-Baker considered it a "political miscalculation" by India that the UN Security Council would condemn Pakistan as an aggressor.28 December 1947 – 30 December 1947:Mountbatten: stop the fighting and to stop it as soon as possible.Prime Minister Attlee: opening a broader war would jeopardise India's case in the UN.Britain alerted the US. and US demanded clarifications from the Indian government.31 December 1947:India referred the Kashmir problem to the UN Security Council.(UN assembly)31 December 1947:The British Commonwealth Relations Office (CRO) asked its permanent representative at the UN, Alexander Cadogan, about the validity of Indian claims.Cadogan responded that India was entitled to charge Pakistan as an aggressor under Article 35 and to take measures for self-defence under Article 51, including "pursuing invaders into Pakistan".1948:(UN assembly)UN Security Council considered the Kashmir problem.January 1948:'Balawaristan' insurrection in Gilgit by the local people but put down by forces.2 January 1948:The British Cabinet decided to send minister Philip Noel-Baker to Kashmir.on 10th Jan, Noel-Baker put forward the British proposals to the US State Department but failed to win US support for these proposals.15 January 1948:India and Pakistan made presentations to the UNSC.India reiterated its demands in the original referral.17 January 1948:UN Security Council passed Resolution 38 :20 January 1948:UN Security Council passed Resolution 39 :January 1948:Noel-Baker won the support of the Western powers i.e the US, Canada and France.for the Pakistani position that the raiders cannot be withdrawn without a change of government in Kashmir.Draft resolutions were formulated along the lines of the 10 January proposals.February–April 19483 February 1948:India🇮🇳 requested an adjournment of the Security Council discussions.The Indian Cabinet was said to be in favour of what Swami Ji said.Subramanian Swamy: India should withdraw illegal petition ...9 February 1948 – 11 February 1948:Gilgit rebels attacked Skardu. The State forces at Skardu defended it for almost six months afterwards.No reinforcements were possible due to closure of the Zoji La pass by winter snows.The Ladakhis appealed to Nehru for help.12 February 1948:Security Council discussions were adjourned.😃7 March 1948:A small group of Indian troops crossed through the treacherous Zoji La pass, reaching Leh with guns and ammunition to raise a local volunteer force.10 March 1948: :Security Council deliberations resumed.18 March 1948:The Republic of China tabled a resolution in three parts:Pakistan to withdraw the raiders.India appoint a plebiscite administration with UN-nominated directors,India broadens the interim government with representatives from all major political groups.21 March 1948:UN Security Council passed Resolution 47:The UN Commission was named United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP).Pakistan rejected the resolution but promised to work with the Commission.May 194810 May 1948:Operation Sledge — Four columns of insurgents struck Indian lines of communication at Gund, Pandras, Dras and Kargil.except Gund rest 3 were captured.🇮🇳22 May 1948:India established an air link to Leh.1 November 1948:Zoji La 🇮🇳pass was taken back by India.😍15 November 1948:Dras 🇮🇳 was recaptured.😍23 November 1948:Kargil 🇮🇳was recaptured.😍14 December 1948: A major attack was made by the regular Pakistan army on the Indian line of communications at Beripattan-Nowshera.19491 January 1949:A ceasefire between India and Pakistan.India: Kashmir Valley, most of the Jammu province and Ladakh,while Pakistan gained control of POK, the Gilgit Agency and Baltistan.1949:Jammu Praja Parishad launched an agitation. 294 members of the party were arrested.20 June 1949:Maharaja Hari Singh announced his decision to abdicate and appointed his son Karan Singh as the Prince Regent.17 October 1949:The Indian Constituent Assembly adopted Article 370:At the end of the year, Jihadist rhetoric inflamed Pakistan and continued into 1951.1951June 1951:India moved troops to the India–Pakistan border in response to the rhetoric from Pakistan.September 1951 – October 1951:75 seats allocated to the Indian-administered part of Kashmir and 25 seats reserved for the Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir.October 1951:Jammu Praja Parishad became an affiliate of the newly founded Bharatiya Jana Sangh, the precursor of the Bharatiya Janata Party.Shri Shyama Prasad Mukharjee 🙏 started Bharatiya Jana Sangh on 21 October 1951 in Delhi, with the collaboration of the RSS.November 1951:The Constituent Assembly passed legislation stripping the Maharaja of all powers and making the government answerable to the Assembly.January 1952 – June 1952:Jammu Praja Parishad(JPP) renewed agitation and called for the full integration of the state with India.The army was called to impose order and several hundred activists were imprisoned.Jana Sangh and other Hindu nationalist parties staged a demonstration outside the Indian Parliament in support of the Praja Parishad.1952January 1952 – June 1952:July 1952:🇮🇳Sheikh Abdullah signed the Delhi Agreement with the Indian government which provided for the autonomy of the State within India and the autonomy for regions within the State.🇮🇳November 1952:The Constituent Assembly adopted a resolution abolished the monarchyJPP relaunched its agitation campaign for a third time.The Jana Sangh and other Hindu nationalist parties launched a parallel agitation in Delhi, which supported the Praja Parishad.1953May 1953:Jana Sangh leader Syama Prasad Mukherjee made a bid to enter Jammu and Kashmir, citing his rights as an Indian citizen. He was promptly arrested at the Jammu border. In a widespread agitation in Jammu, Punjab and Delhi, 10,000 activists were imprisoned.Abdullah headed a subcommittee of the National Conference which recommended 4 options for the state's future, all involving a plebiscite or independence.23 June 1953:Syama Prasad Mukherjee died in prison. Large protests were held in Delhi and other parts of the country.Death Of Shyama Prasad Mukharjee Is Still A Mystery.August 1953:Nehru pushed for a plebiscite in talks with Pakistan, and the two countries agreed to appoint a Plebiscite Administrator within six months.A plebiscite would be held in all regions and the state partitioned on the basis of the results.1954February 1954:🇮🇳The Constituent Assembly, under the leadership of Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad, passed a resolution ratifying the accession of Kashmir to India.🇮🇳May 1954:Pakistan and the US signed a mutual defence assistance agreement.Nehru withdrew the plebiscite offer to Pakistan.1955–1957August 1955:Sheikh Abdullah's lieutenant Mirza Afzal Beg formed the Plebiscite Front to fight for the plebiscite demand.17 November 1956:🇮🇳The state Constituent Assembly adopted a constitution for the state which declared it an integral part of the Indian Union.🇮🇳🙏Many Resolutions prove J&K is an integral part of India. 🇮🇳🇮🇳24 January 1957:The UN Security Council passed Resolution 122 :8 August 1958:Sheikh Abdullah was arrested in the Kashmir Conspiracy Case.Kashmir Conspiracy Case was the legal case filed by Government of Kashmir and Investigation by the Government of India:Abdullah along with Mirza Afzal Beg and 22 others, who were accused of conspiracy against the state for allegedly espousing the cause of an independent Kashmir.1959–19621959:The 1959 Tibetan uprising or the 1959 Tibetan rebellion began on 10 March 1959, when a revolt erupted in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, which had been under the effective control of the People's Republic of China since the Seventeen Point Agreement was reached in 1951.Armed conflict between Tibetan guerillas and the People's Liberation Army (PLA) had started in 1956 in the Kham and Amdo regions, which had been subjected to socialist reform.The guerrilla warfare later spread to other areas of Tibet and lasted through 1962.China annexed Tibet.Tensions rose between China and India on the issue of the boundary between Tibet and India, especially in Aksai Chin.1962: Indo-China War (Sino-Indian War)India claims that China has occupied approximately 38,000 sq. kms. area of Jammu Kashmir by constructing a road connecting Tibet and Xinjiang around 1957.On the “Aksai chin issue” China and India fought a brief war in 1962 but in 1993 and 1996, both countries signed agreements to respect the Line of Actual Control(LAC).1963–1969March 1963:The Chinese government signed an agreement with Pakistan on the boundary between the Northern Areas and the Xinjiang province, ceding the Trans-Karakoram Tract.8 April 1964:The Nehru government dropped all charges in the Kashmir Conspiracy Case.Sheikh Abdullah was released after 11 years.21 November 1964 – 24 November 1964:Articles 356 and 357 of the Indian Constitution were extended to the State, by virtue of which the Central Government can assume the government of the State and exercise its legislative powers.The State Assembly then amended the State Constitution, changing the posts of:Sadr-i-Riyasat to Governor and "prime minister" to"chief minister", consistent with the Indian Constitution.Scholar Sumantra Bose regarded it the "end of the road" for Article 370 and the constitutional autonomy guaranteed by it.Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 started.The war began after Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar.In this operation, Pakistan wanted to bring forces into Indian-held Jammu and Kashmir to conquer the area of Kashmir ruled by India.Result:United Nations-mandated ceasefire.India Won.Indian forces gain 360-500 sq. km. of Pakistani territory on the outskirts of Lahore1966:On 10 January, the Tashkent Declaration was signed by both countries, agreeing to revert to their pre-1965 positions under Russian mediation.Pakistan-supported guerrilla groups in Kashmir increased their activities after the ceasefire.Kashmiri nationalists Amanullah Khan and Maqbool Bhat formed another Plebiscite Front with an armed the Jammu and Kashmir National Liberation Front (JKNLF).(Amanullah Khan (JKLF), Maqbool Bhat and JKLF)1971:26 March 1971:The Bangladesh Liberation War started.15 May:Indian army starts aiding Mukti Bahini.16 December:End of the Bangladesh Liberation War.East Pakistan Army surrenders to Mitro Bahini represented by Jagjit Singh Aurora of the Indian Army faction of the military coalition.93,000 Pak troops surrendered to India leading to the creation of Bangladesh.1972:Simla Pact:2 July 1972:Indira released over 90,000 prisoners of war (PoW) instead of resolving the Kashmir dispute "in lieu of the PoW.India missed 'golden opportunity' to resolve the Kashmir dispute in 1971 war.paved the way for diplomatic recognition of Bangladesh by Pakistan.The agreement converted the cease-fire line of 17 December 1971 into the Line of Control (LOC) between India and Pakistan.1976:Maqbool Bhat was arrested on his return to Kashmir.1979:The USSR invaded Afghanistan.The US and Pakistan became involved in training, recruiting, arming, and unleashing the Mujahideen on Afghanistan.The Mujahideen so recruited would, in the late 1980s, take on their own agenda of establishing Islamic rule in Kashmir.8 September 1982:Sheikh Abdullah died. His son, Farooq Abdullah, later assumed office as Chief Minister of J&K.1984:Ravindra Mhatre👇, an Indian diplomat in Birmingham, was kidnapped and killed 😔by JKLF's UK arm the Kashmir Liberation Army (KLA).India executed Maqbool Bhat.Amanullah Khan and Hashim Qureshi were expelled from the UK and returned to Pakistan.Pakistan's (ISI) sought their help in preparing the groundwork for the liberation of Jammu and Kashmir from India.Amanullah Khan established JKLF in POK.13 April 1984:Operation Meghdoot: The Indian Army took the Siachen Glacier region of Kashmir.1987:Farooq Abdullah won the Assembly elections.The Muslim United Front (MUF) alleged that the elections had been rigged.MUF’s election aides called the HAJY group - Abdul Hamid Shaikh, Ashfaq Majid Wani, Javed Ahmed Mir and Mohammed Yasin Malik - joined the JKLF.Young disaffected Kashmiris in the Valley such as the HAJY group were recruited by JKLF.1988:Protests and anti-India demonstrations began in the Valley, followed by police firing and curfew.1989:Mass Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus started in Kashmir Valley.The Hindus of the Kashmir Valley were forced to flee the Kashmir valley as a result of being targeted by JKLF and Islamist insurgents during late 1989 and early 1990.The end of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan released a great deal of militant energy and weapons to Kashmir.Pakistan provided arms and training to both indigenous and foreign militants in Kashmir.1990Kashmiri Pandits began to leave in much greater numbers in the 1990s during the eruption of militancy, following persecution and threats by radical Islamists and militants.19 January 1990:Mosques issued declarations that the Kashmiri Pandits were Kafirs and that the males had to leave Kashmir, convert to Islam or be killed.approximately 100,000 of the total Kashmiri Pandit population of 140,000 left the valley during the 1990s.Other authors have suggested a higher figure for the exodus, ranging from the entire population of over 150,000, to 190,000 of a total Pandit population of 200,000, to a number as high as 800,000.Kashmiri Pandits Became Refugees in Their Own Home.(Refugee camps for Kashmiri Pandits)13 February 1990:Lassa Kaul, director of Srinagar Doordarshan, was Killed by the militants for implementing pro-Indian media policy.February 1990 – March 1990:Though the JKLF tried to explain that the killings of Pandits were not communal, the murders caused a scare among the minority Hindu community.The rise of new militant groups and unexplained killings of members of the community contributed to an atmosphere of insecurity for the Kashmiri Pandits.1 March 1990:An estimated one million took to the streets to protest against India.1990 – present:An officially estimated 10,000 Kashmiri youths crossed into Pakistan for training and procurement of arms.Indigenous and foreign militant groups besides pro-India renegade militants proliferated through the 1990s with an estimated half a million Indian security forces deployed in the Kashmir Valley.1998 – present:Operation Sadbhavana (Goodwill) launched officially by the Indian army in Jammu and Kashmir.3 May 1999 – 26 July 1999:Kargil War:the infiltration of Pakistani soldiers and Kashmiri militants into positions on the Indian side of the LOC was the reason for war.An armed conflict took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Kashmir and elsewhere along the LOC.Israel aided India with mortar and ammunition and became one of the few countries that helped India directly.India won.2001–200914 July 2001 – 16 July 2001:General Pervez Musharraf and Atal Bihari Vajpayee met for peaceful talks.October 2001:Kashmiri assembly in Srinagar was attacked, 38 fatalities.December 2001:The Indian Parliament in New Delhi was attacked.April 2003 – May 2003:Operation Sarp Vinash launched by the Indian army.The largest network of terrorist hideouts covering 100 square kilometers in Pir Panjal found and more than 60 terrorists killed.2 May 2003:India and Pakistan restored diplomatic ties.Feb 13, 2006:Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on Monday invited Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front chief Yasin Malik for talks on Kashmir on February 17.22 August 2008:Following 2008 Kashmir unrest, hundreds of thousands of Muslims marched in Srinagar for independence, the largest protest against Indian rule in over a decade.2010–201812 Feb 2013, Congress-led UPA Govt. funded Yasin malik to talk with Pakistan.Manmohan wanted to contact militants of Pak: Yasin.25 November 2014 – 20 December 2014:Despite boycott calls by separatist Hurriyat leaders, the 2014 state election saw the highest voter turnout in the 25 years since insurgency erupted in the region.Kashmiri people voted in favour of democracy of India.Bharatiya Janata Party won 25 seats with vote share of 23%.8 July 2016:Following the killing of Burhan Muzaffar Wani on 8 July, violent protests broke out in Kashmir Valley.An imposed curfew continued for more than 50 days.Two lakh across Valley attend Burhan Wani's funeral.July 2017 – present -Operation All-Out started by Indian Army to flush out militants and terrorists in Kashmir until there is complete peace in the state.2019–20 Jammu and Kashmir lockdown:23 Feb 2019:Yasin Malik arrested under Anti-Terror law.Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir via scrapping of the Article 370 of the Constitution of India, Article 35A of the Constitution of India and the introduction of Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019.According to a September 6 report, More than 200 separatist politicians, with more than 100 leaders and activists from All Parties Hurriyat Conference were detained in the disputed region.Thanks, Modi Ji🇮🇳🙏 for making our dream “Revocation of Article 370 and 35A” come true.“Knowledge shared matters”.Share Answer.Upvote inspires.Jai Hind.🇮🇳

First, you must be a consumer.If you have purchased goods or services for your business, for example for re-selling them, you are not a consumer.But if you have purchased goods or services, like medicines, computers, mobiles, etc. for your own use, or mediclaim insurance policies, you are certainly a consumer.Secondly, you must give a notice in writing to the supplier or service provider asking him to rectify the faults, defects, etc.The notice should be simple, clearly pointing out your grievances, and requesting the supplier or service provider to rectify the faults, defects, etc. or replace the goods.Normally, you should give a clear one month’s notice.You should address the notice to the nearest address available, so that if you have to file a Complaint, it will be in the nearest consumer forum.Thirdly, the Complaint must be filed within 2 years of the cause of action.If there are reasonable causes for delay in filing the Complaint, you can always request the Consumer Forum to condone the delay.The Complaint: The following is the procedure for filing a Complaint before the District Forums.(State Forums and National Forums have their own rules, but they are essentially the same)Although it is not essential that the Complaint should be typed, it is always better to get it typed, double spaced, with at least 1½ inches of margin space on the left, top and bottom.The Complaint has to be arranged in the following Order and you have to page number all documents.1. Index giving the page number(s) of each document.2. Application for condonation of delay (if there is delay), giving the reasons for the delay, duly affirmed before a notary public.3. Complaint – containing details of the grievance, preferably arranged in chronological order; briefly giving the ground on which relief is claimed, and the relief (including legal costs, damages and interest) claimed.The Complaint has to be signed by the Complainant.4. You can appear before the Consumer Forums in person, or allow a close relative to appear for you.But if you are engaging an advocate to appear on your behalf, you have to enclose a Vakalatnama, But then, your advocate will be doing all the paper work and attending the hearings.If you are authorizing, your close relative to appear for you, you have to enclose a letter of authority.5. Affidavit that the contents of the Complaint are true.6. Copies of all documents on which you rely upon in support of your Complaint.No of copies of the Complaint to be filedYou have to submit:1 Original and 2 xerox copies.In addition, if the Complaint is admitted, you will have to submit as many more copies as there are parties.Where to file your Complaint:The jurisdiction, that is the Consumer Forum, where you should file your Complaint depends on the amount involved.I am summarizing the provisions below:Amount Involved Jurisdictionupto Rs. 20 lakhs District Consumer ForumRs. 20 lakhs to Rs. 1 crore State Consumer ForumMore than Rs. 1 crore National Consumer ForumThe Fee:The fee, which is nominal, depends upon the amount involved. It is as follows:Before District Forum:For claims up to Rs. 1 lakh = Rs. 100For claims from Rs.1 lakh to Rs. 5 lakhs = Rs. 200For claims from Rs.5 lakh to Rs. 10 lakhs = Rs. 400For claims from Rs.10 lakh to Rs. 20 lakhs = Rs. 500Before State Commission: For claims from Rs.20 lakh to Rs. 50 lakhs = Rs. 2000For claims from Rs.50 lakh to Rs. 1Crore = Rs. 4000Before National CommissionFor claims exceeding Rs. 1crore = Rs. 5000The fee has to be paid in the form of a demand draft on a nationalized bank in favour of the President of the concerned District Consumer Forum (Registrar of the State or National Commission if the Complaint is filed in these places).There is no prescribed format for the affidavit. I am giving a simple format which you can modify and use.Format of AffidavitSpecimen Draft Affidavit to be filed with the ComplaintI,………….. The, COMPLAINANT ABOVE NAMED DO HEREBY SOLEMNLY AFFIRM AND STATE THAT I HAVE FILED THE COMPLAINT HEREIN AND REPEAT, REITERATE, REAFFIRM AND CONFIRM EACH AND EVERY STATEMENT MADE THEREIN AS TRUE TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEF.AffirmationIn practice, you can get the affirmation done (or affidavit affirmed) before any notary public, but he will usually charge anything between Rs. 100 to Rs. 200; or you can affirm before the Registrar of the concerned Forum.Actual Filing of the ComplaintYou, or your advocate, will have to personally file the Complaint in the office of the concerned Consumer Forum.The Consumer Forum’s office will go through the Complaint and point out any deficiencies.You have to correct them and submit the Complaint again.The Consumer Forum’s office will give you a short date for admission.On this date, you or your representative has to appear and explain the Complaint to show that there is a genuine consumer Complaint.This is a simple process and usually the Forum members are very helpful.Once the Complaint is admitted, The Consumer Forum will direct you to submit more copies of the complaint (as many as there are respondents). These will be sent to the Respondents along with notice prepared by the Commission’s office.+Why should you complain?Everyone has consumer rights. You have the right to know what you will receive before you pay for a product or service, obtain what you pay for, complain when you are not satisfied, and get your money back when you have a legitimate complaint.There are no magical ways to get action on a complaint, but nothing will happen unless you complain and demand action. This publication offers suggestions to help you get results when you have a problem with the purchase of goods or services.“The squeaky wheel gets the grease.” This old proverb means that noise gets attention. If you don’t let a merchant or vendor know you are dissatisfied with their goods or services, you have no chance of resolving the problem.First, ask yourself if your complaint is legitimate. Why are you dissatisfied? What went wrong? Is it a question of losing money because goods or services you received were not what was promised, or was there even outright fraud? Or, did a representative of the company treat you rudely?Taking the time to consider whether you have a valid and timely complaint will save you time and effort. But, be sure to check to see if there is a deadline for making your complaint.The first step should be to take your complaint directly to the business before you take other action. Often, the problem can be resolved quickly by doing do, so don’t forget to ask to “escalate” your call if the customer service representative is not helpful. Ask politely if you could be transferred to someone with the authority to help resolve your complaint. If it is a small company, ask to speak with the owner.Obviously, you can’t resolve a complaint about fraud or a scam by contacting the party that ripped you off—the scam artist is probably long gone, and it isn’t advisable to contact fraudsters anyway. However, you should let the appropriate authorities know when you have been a victim of fraud. There is a chance that they could recover your money, and at the very least you will help prevent other consumers from falling victim to the same scam.Complaints overviewHere are some of the concepts for complaining that are explained in this guide:Know your rights.Complain in a timely fashion.Prepare a folder or file to keep documents and notes about your complaint.Write out three or four sentences that describe your complaint clearly and concisely.Be clear about what you want.Be persistent.Be patient and don’t lose your cool.Seek assistance from a third party.Consider going to court.Before complainingReview what happened and think about your options and rights. Consider the facts of the case and what you want to happen. Write down:a brief description of your complaint;what your rights are;why you feel the business should do something for you; andwhat you want the business to do to resolve the problem.If you are not sure what your rights are or how to proceed, do an Internet search to learn more, or contact a consumer group and discuss the situation. Talking with a qualified organization may help you decide how to handle the problem, and many agencies have publications that explain consumer rights and how to resolve complaints.You can consult the Consumer Action Handbook, a free guide that includes information about your consumer rights and lists many consumer protection agencies. From this page you can order a printed copy or download the PDF version.Review all printed information you have about the case, such as:any ad that you responded to, or any brochure, warranty, guarantee or other document that describes the product or service and how it should work;all letters between you and the business; andany other papers you received from the company, including agreements, instructions, receipts and billing statements.If you signed a contract, read it carefully and ask the company for explanations of anything you don’t understand. The contract or warranty may limit your options or provide you with certain rights. Make sure you have done everything that you were supposed to do to live up to your part of the agreement.Decide what you want from the company, such as repair or replacement of the item, a refund, an exchange, a credit, a correction of the company’s records or the payment of damages. Consider whether a compromise would be acceptable. It may be easier to resolve the complaint if you agree to a settlement that falls short of a full refund.Complain as soon as possibleThe sooner you complain, the better your chances are for a satisfactory settlement. In some cases, especially billing disputes, the company may not be legally liable if you fail to complain within a reasonable time after you first discover the problem or receive the bill. That is why it is important to read all bills and statements as soon as you get them.Some store refund policies allow you to return items if you do so within a few days. If you wait too long to return the item, you will lose the right to get your money back. In addition, it can be difficult to defend yourself if you wait a long time to complain. If you buy a television and don’t return it for three months, you may have a hard time convincing the store that it didn’t work when you first tried to use it.How to complainThe first step in complaining is to clearly present your problem. Failure to communicate effectively often makes it difficult to resolve complaints. Have all relevant information at hand when you contact the company, including: a description of the item; your account number or other facts to help the company identify the transaction; your receipt, billing statement or cancelled check; and a clear and brief explanation of what is wrong and what you want the company to do.Do not get emotional: Speak calmly and politely. Think about how the person you are speaking to will react. If you raise your voice, that person will probably get angry and yell back or simply hang up. Handling complaints can be a tough job. If you make the complaint handler’s job harder by getting angry, that person is likely to respond negatively to you.Make notes about all conversations you have about the complaint, including the time and date of your calls, names of everyone at the company you spoke to and what they said.You can complain by phone, in person, or in writing by email or mail.Phone or email first to tell the company about the problem and to try to resolve it. You should be able to learn pretty quickly whether the problem will be resolved.Go to the company to return the purchase, or if there is a need to meet with someone to examine the item, receipts or statements. Complaining in person helps to force the issue, but is not always necessary. Ask a friend to go with you if you are concerned about being harassed or want a witness.Sometimes problems can be resolved with one call, email or visit. You may learn that you are not using the item properly, or that the company is willing to give you a refund without an argument.But when you realize that your attempts to contact the company are being ignored, or the company refuses to help you, start putting your communications in writing. Sometimes businesses ignore complaints until they see them in writing. Even if you email, it’s a good idea to print out a copy of the message and send it through the mail. Always send your hard-copy complaint letters certified mail or “return receipt requested.” This way you will have a record that the company received your communication.Complaint emails and letters are important because they:create a written record of your complaint with the company;preserve your rights under law;help the business understand your side of the story;involve government agencies that you send copies to and alert them to the firm’s practices;lay the groundwork for a future legal case or defense; andlet the company know you are serious about the matter.Complaint emails or letters should not be long—a long letter can be a drawback as representatives may not have the time to read every word and may even choose to ignore your letter as a “rant.”Spend some time trying to explain your problem in 250 words or less. Include your name, address and phone number, and account or invoice number, if any. (However, if you are going to CC others on your letter, redact (cross out) account numbers on the copies.)If appropriate, include a copy of your cancelled check, receipt or other documents. Keep a copy of all communications you send and receive. If the first contact does not bring a response, send another. Simply send the same email or letter, with a new sentence stating, “This is my second attempt to contact you about this matter.”Remember: Always send your complaint letters certified mail or “return receipt requested.” A mail receipt will provide proof that delivery was made. Make sure you do not delete emails you send, but save or copy them for future reference.Keep recordsYou may need certain documents, or evidence, in order to win your case or prove you paid for the item. These can include your receipt, credit card statements, screenshots of the company’s website, repair orders and/or the warranty.Keep receipts and proof of purchase until you are sure you won’t need them:Companies may demand proof of purchase before settling a complaint or fixing an item under warranty. Note that you don’t need to mail in a product warranty card in order to claim your rights on a product that is still under warranty—a receipt and the barcode (Universal Product Code, or UPC) from product packaging is enough. If your purchase was made online, you might be able to print another receipt from the company’s website.If you don’t have a copy of your credit card statement or cancelled check, you may be able to print one out from your bank’s website or request a copy from your bank. (Banks may charge a fee for copies of older records.)Never send originals of receipts or checks to the company or any complaint-handling agency—always send copies. Copies of your emails or letters can also be very helpful. If the firm claims it never heard from you, copies of letters with return receipts or proof of delivery, or emails with a date header, can help you resolve the problem.Contact someone higher upIf your first attempt at complaining fails, contact someone higher up in the company. If the salesperson can’t help you, ask to speak to a supervisor or store manager, and then the owner or the company’s headquarters. Larger companies often have customer relations or consumer complaint departments that you can contact for assistance. If all else fails, ask to be connected to “customer retention,” a department responsible for keeping customers.Don’t hesitate to send complaint letters to the owner, president, chief executive officer (CEO) or general counsel of the company at its executive offices. These officials should send your letter to the appropriate person, and may take steps to resolve the dispute promptly. Higher-level officials are sensitive to the firm’s image and often are more willing and able to find a solution to complaints. Top executives do not like hearing from consumers, and top-level staff often intervene to solve problems quickly, before they reach the big boss.To get the name and address of the president or executive offices, put “CEO” and the name of the company in a search engine. Or call any office of the company and ask for that information.All companies, foreign and domestic, are required to file registration statements, periodic reports and other forms with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) electronically through EDGAR. You can access this information for free. The reports are a good resource for finding the address and phone number of a company’s headquarters or general counsel. Other sources of this information are Hoovers, Google Finance and Yahoo Finance.Call the executive’s office by dialing the general number for the company and asking for the executive by name. In most cases, you will get through to someone who will take your complaint seriously. If you cannot get through during business hours, try calling the number after business hours to see if it has a directory of employees you can search by name. Leave a short but informative message about your problem and ask for a return call.Sometimes you encounter a company that makes complaining very difficult. It may say, “The person you need to speak to is not in the office today, call back next week,” or “Leave your number and we will get back to you.” This may be a sign that the company is stalling you. If you are not being treated seriously, it might be time to take your problem to a person higher up in the company, complain to a government agency or consider legal action.If you cannot find a phone number or you prefer to communicate by email, Consumerist offers some tips for finding or figuring out executives’ email addresses .Contact government agenciesGovernment agencies will not always intervene to settle your case, but some will contact the company to open up communication. For example, if you complain to the state public utilities commission about a telephone company, it might ask that company for an explanation of its position. A government financial services regulator might contact your bank to ask for its side of the story. State attorneys general (AGs) and municipal district attorneys (DAs) handle many cases that do not fall under the jurisdiction of any other government agency. Some district attorneys have units that offer consumer complaint mediation.No agency can force a business to settle an individual’s complaint, but the government’s interest in the case may convince the company to resolve the dispute. Businesses that ignore most complaining consumers often settle cases that are sent to government agencies (or consumer groups, business associations or action lines).Government agencies can be excellent sources of information about consumer rights and the laws and regulations that companies must follow. If you are not sure whether a company has broken the law, call the appropriate government agency and ask for information about your rights.Many businesses are directly regulated by government agencies, such as a department of insurance or department of banking. These agencies receive complaints about the companies they regulate and investigate allegations that those businesses have violated the law. The agencies depend upon consumers to alert them to companies that are engaged in illegal practices. Even if the agency doesn’t help you resolve your complaint, it might be able to use your case to stop an unfair business practice.If your complaint involves an out-of-state company, you may still be able to obtain assistance from government agencies in your state. You can also contact a federal government agency to complain about out-of-state firms.Government agencies usually prefer that you complain by email, phone or mail—not in person. Most are not prepared to help people who walk into their offices without appointments. Some have special complaint forms for consumers to use. To make sure you are complaining to the appropriate agency, visit its website or call before submitting a complaint, or ask a consumer group which agency to contact.When you call or submit a complaint to a government agency, indicate what you are looking for. For example, ask it to “Please investigate my complaint,” or “Advise me if there is a law that covers my complaint.”To find the appropriate agencies, consult the Consumer Action Handbook, a free guide. From this page you can order a printed copy or download the PDF version.If you don’t find the information you are looking for, look for the names, phone numbers and addresses of government agencies in your phone book. A special government section in most phone directories lists local, state and federal agencies.Complaining through an organizationWhen you have done all you can on your own, consider whether an organization can assist you. In many areas, chapters of the Better Business Bureau (BBB) assist consumers with certain complaints. You can file a complaint with the BBB.Few consumer groups handle individual complaints, but action lines in many states help consumers to resolve problems. The entrance of a third party into a dispute may send a signal to the business that:you are determined to see the case through, and won’t give up;depending on the organization, there could be bad publicity and lost business; andyou may be represented by people with sufficient expertise, sophistication and resources to cause problems for the business.Action lines are volunteer programs, usually run through newspapers and radio or television stations. (Callers to action lines are not placed on the air.) They give assistance to people who are having difficulty resolving complaints. They can contact a business on your behalf and try to work out a solution. You may know of a local station that features consumer complaints. To learn if there is a Call For Action-affiliated action line that serves your area, visit Call For Action.Consider your alternativesIf you feel you have run out of options, consider taking these steps:Seek advice. There are many sources of information and advice. Many consumer groups and action lines offer free consultation about consumer problems. Some government agencies provide advice and information concerning complaints against the companies that they regulate. There are many publications that provide helpful suggestions about resolving consumer problems.Sue in small claims court. Small claims court is an appropriate place to settle many consumer cases.Contact a lawyer. Usually, the money involved in consumer cases is not enough to involve a lawyer, and legal actions can take years to complete. But a lawyer can advise you about your legal rights and options.Conduct a consumer picket. You can hand out information about your case to the public while you stand in front of the company’s store or offices, as long as you do not block traffic, break any laws or say anything in your handouts that you cannot prove.Use social pressure. The opportunity to shame a business publicly has grown in the age of the Internet. It’s possible to post your story online in reviews, blogs, comments and social media such as Facebook and Twitter. Many complaint websites allow you to post public complaints or to write a review of the business. (To find them, do an Internet search.) As with a consumer picket, never post anything you cannot prove or defend in court, as you could face legal action from the business if you go too far or make false claims. However, this avenue can be effective, as a large number of companies monitor the Web and social media in order to resolve complaints before they create bad publicity or damage their brands.Create a website or a social media page. Disgruntled consumers have gotten very creative and set up “corporate hate websites” targeting companies for bad practices. It is important to remember that the company may try to take legal action against you, and even though you are probably within your rights of freedom of speech, defending yourself could be costly. (To protect yourself from any lawsuit, make sure you have adequate liability insurance on your rental or homeowners insurance policy.) Most of these “hate sites” accept posts from other disgruntled consumers.Stopping paymentYou can stop payment on a check or an electronic payment from your bank account. This is a traditional consumer remedy, but it doesn’t work in every case and it may not end the dispute.Stopping payment on a check means that you tell your bank not to pay a check that you wrote, but there is no guarantee that your bank can stop a payment. Most banks charge fees of $30 or more to stop a payment. Stop payment orders generally expire after six months. When you stop payment, the company you gave the check to will be unable to get any money for it—unless it cashed the check before you stopped payment. Businesses often cash checks immediately to prevent customers from stopping payment.To stop an electronic payment from your bank account, you will need to notify your bank at least three business days before the transaction is scheduled to be made. (Again, a stop payment fee is likely to apply.) This notice may be made orally or in writing. However, if the notice is made orally, the bank may require you to follow up with written notice within 14 days. If you don’t provide written verification of the oral notice when required, the oral stop payment order may expire.If you gave a merchant preauthorization to take money from your bank account, you need to revoke the authorization with the merchant. Pre-authorized withdrawal agreements are between consumers and vendors—the bank can’t cancel them until you notify the vendor/merchant. Write directly to the vendor/merchant to request that no further money is taken from your account. It can be difficult to stop payment on a recurring debit if the company won’t cooperate. You should provide the bank with a copy of the letter and inform the bank that you no longer authorize these charges and you have notified the vendor/merchant. Keep a copy of the letter for your records.Once you stop payment, you should immediately tell the company (or person) what you have done and why. You can do this by phone, but you should also write a letter to create a written record of your position. (If you fail to explain the situation, the company might assume that you are trying to take the item without paying for it.) When you stop payment for a purchase, you should return the item to the company.Credit card rightsContact your credit card company. If you paid by credit card, the bank that issued the card may be able to help you resolve the problem. Make sure the bank receives your notice of billing error within 60 days of the monthly statement containing the unauthorized charges. You may be required to submit your dispute in writing.Your card issuer will investigate the case and may decide in your favor if it believes you have a legitimate complaint. While it is investigating, you do not have to pay the disputed amount on your credit card statement, but the bank can charge you interest on the amount you don’t pay if it rules against you. (Make sure you pay the undisputed portion of the bill.) If the bank rules in your favor, it will give you a credit for the disputed amount. If it rules against you, you can still seek a refund in court or through other actions, such as by complaining to government agencies.The process for stopping pre-authorized, recurring credit card payments to a merchant is a little different than a credit card dispute. First, write to the merchant, directing it to stop the charges. Second, notify your bank about any charges that you feel were in error. You may be required to submit your dispute in writing or to explain it in a form the card issuer will provide.Writing your complaintSee the sample letter and sample email. Copy and paste the text, or download these as plain text files, and insert your own information.In your letter or email, include your name, address and phone number.Note what you are complaining about, when and where the purchase or agreement took place, and any other pertinent information, such as the item’s make, model or serial number, or your account number.Briefly and clearly describe the problem, ideally in 250 words or less, and what you want done to resolve it.Give a specific period of time in which a response must be received (such as 10-14 days), and indicate that you will seek legal advice or take other steps if the matter is not resolved. You need not tell the party exactly what you will do.Write “CC” and the names of other recipients at the end of the letter if you are sending copies to anyone, such as a local consumer group or district attorney’s office. For email, use the CC field to copy government agencies, organizations or the media. (Remember to remove account numbers or Social Security numbers from your CC copies before you send them.)Indicate if you are attaching copies of supporting documents. (Never send originals.)Keep a copy of all communications and supporting documents.Consulting a lawyerSometimes your only alternatives may be to hire a lawyer or drop the matter. If you believe your best option is to sue, but the amount is more than the small claims court limit or the case cannot be pursued in small claims court, you may have to hire a lawyer.However, most consumer cases do not involve enough money to make it worthwhile to hire a lawyer. You may not be able to locate one who is willing to help you or who is familiar with the legal issues involved. It could be many years before a court decides your case.If you want to speak to an attorney but don’t know how to find one, contact a lawyer referral service. (See Resources, or call your county’s bar association.) If you can’t afford an attorney, ask if your county has a legal aid agency or bar association that can help low-income consumers obtain legal advice.In many consumer complaints, the amounts involved are much too small to make it worthwhile to consult a lawyer, but contacting a lawyer can be of value in some instances:If you are being sued, you definitely need legal advice. Your failure to appear in court or obtain legal advice could be costly. Even if you know that you will lose the case, the advice of an attorney may help you to reduce the amount you will have to pay.You may benefit from having a legal expert read or review a document. If you are about to buy a house or sign a contract, a lawyer can make sure the agreement doesn’t have clauses that could cost you money.It can be helpful just to discuss a matter with a lawyer. If consumer agencies tell you that your only option is to sue, a lawyer can tell you the costs involved and what to expect.In some cases, a letter from a lawyer can resolve the problem.For example, if you have just signed a car contract after being subjected to high-pressure sales tactics, a letter from a lawyer questioning such practices might convince the dealership to cancel the agreement.Small claims courtSmall claims court is for the resolution of minor disputes. The rules and requirements for such courts differ widely from state to state, so the first step is to learn the rules for filing a case in your state.Nolo, a legal self-help publisher, offers an online list of small claims limits in every state.Search online or look in your phone book for the telephone number for your local small claims court. Generally, you must file your suit in the city or county in which the business you have the dispute with has an office or in which the transaction took place. There is usually a fee for filing a case.Here is some general advice about suing in small claims court:Before you file, learn about the limitations and requirements of small claims court. This includes the maximum amount that you can sue for and restrictions against filing certain types of cases. Nolo offers a free online list of state Statutes of Limitations.Ask the clerk of the small claims court for advice about how to file your case. If you do not file correctly, the case might be thrown out.Give the company a chance to resolve the problem. Before you sue, notify it of your intention to sue by sending a letter.Tell the firm why you feel it owes you money, and the specific dollar amount you want from it.Find out the company’s legal name, and use that when suing it.Formally notify the company of your suit. Ask the small claims court clerk how to do this.Prepare your case. Gather your evidence and consider whether there are witnesses who can testify on your behalf. Practice your presentation by explaining your case to friends. Ask if they can understand your position and think you are making a good case. Be clear and concise.You can visit a small claims court before your court date. Watching other people appear before the judge could make you feel more comfortable about the process.Usually, the judge will first ask you, the plaintiff, to speak, followed by the defendant. Then the judge will ask questions and consider the evidence. Even if you win your case, there is no guarantee you will get your money. If the person refuses to pay, then you may have to take steps to force payment. Ask the court clerk how to do this.For more about small claims court, go online to read the questions and answers offered by Nolo, or obtain a copy of “Everybody’s Guide to Small Claims Court” by Ralph Warner, published by Nolo. Check your public library for a copy before purchasing the book.Community mediation servicesMany states offer community or court-based mediation designed to help disputing parties arrive at their own compromise settlement with the help of a neutral third party. The National Association for Community Mediation offers a program locator to help you find community mediation programs near you.ResourcesBetter Business Bureau: Complain about businesses.Consumer Action: Call (415-777-9635) or send a webmail for advice and referrals. Access free, multilingual brochures.Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB): Submit complaints about credit cards and other financial services.Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC): Submit and review consumer product safety complaints.Federal Communications Commission (FCC) (Complaint form): Submit landline and wireless phone complaints as well as those related to telemarketing, broadband (Internet) and TV broadcasting.Federal Trade Commission: Submit complaints about unfair or deceptive business practices, fraud, scams, credit reports and collections abuse.Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA): Submit complaints about an investment or financial advisor or brokerage under FINRA’s mediation program.Help With My Bank (Comptroller of the Currency): Submit complaints about national banks (with “National” or “NA” in or after the name).Legal Services Corporation: Find legal assistance for low-income individuals and families.National Association of Attorneys General (AGs): Find your state AG’s office to make a complaint of fraud or unfair business practices.National Association for Community Mediation: Find a local mediation organization.National Association of Consumer Advocates: Search by location and specialty to find a consumer attorney.National Association of Insurance Commissioners: Find your state insurance regulator to submit insurance-related complaints.National Motor Vehicle Title Information System (NMVTIS): Access important vehicle history information.Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC): Submit investment-related complaints.Consumer Action Handbook: Get this free resource for helping you complain effectively.Sample complaint letterYour nameAddressPhone numberCompany officialCompany nameCompany addressDateDear (title) ____:I wish to complain about ____ (name of product or service, with serial number or account number) that I purchased on ____ (date and location of transaction).I am complaining because ____ (the reason you are dissatisfied). To resolve this problem, I would like you to ____ (what you want the business to do).When I first learned of this problem, I contacted ____ (name of the person, date of the call) at your company and was told that nothing could be done about my problem. I believe that this response is unfair because ____ (the reason you feel the company has an obligation to you). I would like a written statement explaining your company’s position and what you will do about my complaint.I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible to resolve this problem. If I do not hear from you within ____ days, I will file complaints with the appropriate consumer agencies and consider my legal alternatives. I am enclosing copies of my_____ (receipt or other proof of payment or documentation of complaint).I may be contacted at the above address/phone number.Sincerely,(Sign and type your name)CC: (local consumer group) (appropriate government agencies)ATT: (attach and list documentation of your complaint, if any)Sample complaint emailFrom: (your name: [email protected])Subject: (short description of your complaint)Date: (most email programs enter this field automatically)To: (the email address of the person you are contacting)CC: (local consumer group) (appropriate government agencies)Dear (title) ____:I wish to complain about ____ (name of product or service, with serial number or account number) that I purchased on ____ (date and location of transaction).I am complaining because ____ (the reason you are dissatisfied). To resolve this problem, I would like you to ____ (what you want the business to do).When I first learned of this problem, I contacted ____ (name of the person, date of the call) at your company and was told that nothing could be done about my problem. I believe that this response is unfair because ____ (the reason you feel the company has an obligation to you). I would like a written statement explaining your company’s position and what you will do about my complaint.I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible to resolve this problem. If I do not hear from you within ____ days, I will file complaints with the appropriate consumer agencies and consider my legal alternatives. I am attaching copies of my_____ (receipt or other proof of payment or documentation of complaint).You may reply to me at this email address or call me at (phone number).Sincerely,(your full name)Note: You can download text files for the sample letter and email on our website.About Consumer ActionConsumer Action is a non-profit organization that has championed the rights of underrepresented consumers nationwide since 1971. Throughout its history, the organization has dedicated its resources to promoting financial literacy and advocating for consumer rights in both the media and before lawmakers to promote economic justice for all. With the resources and infrastructure to reach millions of consumers, Consumer Action is one of the most recognized, effective, and trusted consumer organizations in the nation.Financial Education. To empower consumers to assert their rights in the marketplace, Consumer Action provides a range of educational resources. The organization’s extensive library of free publications offers in-depth financial information, while its hotline provides non-legal advice and referrals. Consumer Action also publishes unbiased surveys of financial and consumer services that exposes excessive prices and anti-consumer practices to help consumers make informed buying choices and elicit change from big business.Community Outreach. With a special focus on serving low- and moderate-income and limited-English-speaking consumers, Consumer Action maintains strong ties to a national network of nearly 7,500 community-based organizations. Outreach services include training and free mailings of financial education materials in many languages, including English, Spanish, Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese. Consumer Action’s network is the largest and most diverse of its kind.Advocacy. Consumer Action is deeply committed to ensuring that underrepresented consumers are represented in the national media and in front of lawmakers. The organization promotes pro-consumer policy, regulation and legislation by taking positions on dozens of bills at the state and national levels and submitting comments and testimony on a host of consumer protection issues. Additionally, its diverse staff provides the media with expert commentary on key consumer issues supported by solid data and victim testimony.

This would surely be the Triple Paid Guardian Ad Litem Bribe Scheme…..In my case, Virginia Fraser Able, the illegally appointed guardian ad litem was triple paid. Once by the state, $27k. Once by my husband on behalf of Judge Angela Arkin, $27k and once by the poorer party on behalf of the chief judge and justices.The poorer party is told they can attend a meeting at which some stolen property will be returned to them. They think they are meeting the state paid/husband paid guardian ad litem. But the GAL has already been dismissed from the case. They are now meeting their own attorney. They will be billed on behalf of the chief judge and justices. In my case $27k.I didn't show up to the meeting Warren Marshal of G&G Guns in Lakewood has had my gun for years and won't return it unless I sign a Legal Separation Agreement that grants me my gun only, and pay the chief judge and justices.Here’s a piece of a book I’ll never write for fear for my life:5. Follow the SpiritsGuardian ad LitemA Native American Chief was to choose land for his People. The Spirits directed him to an unattractive piece of badland. He made up his mind to obey the Spirits. Perhaps White Man would attack them if he dared chose a more desirable piece of land? Could this desolate piece of land be their best chance for a peaceful life and survival? Mysterious are the ways of the Spirits.As it turned out, the Chief and his people ended up settling on a piece of land rich with oil. The tribe did well with their wells, and shared their profits from equally. They made hundreds of millions of dollars each. At this point that the courts got interested in the Tribe and its forture. The courts "determined" that the Tribe People were incapable of spending their money properly. They obviously knew how to make it and how to share it, but perhaps they didn't know how to spend it well without their help.I discuss court "determinations" later in this book. The Courts appointed Guardian ad Litem to the individuals of the Tribe. The GALs embezzled scores of millions. The newly formed FBI became interested in the case, but not due to the courts. Non-court entities have taken to serial murders in an attempt to inherit the Tribe's wealth. Tribes People were dying right and left.Since then the FBI, being part of the Judicial Branch, has protected Americans from all kinds of horrendous crimes and fates, giving us a good, peaceful life. However, the courts have never stopped their habit of illegally appointing GALs as a way to access private and public funds."My Attorney Did Something Bad"Once Attorney Bonnie Shields got a hold of the $10k she transformed. My first order of business was that she call Attorney Uslan in order to reach an agreement on my behalf.Shields began to act independently of any imagined consumer power I thought I had. It was as if this was her private divorce. She was now in charge. Galighting became her standard communication style.She was simply disinterested. She wanted an eight hour or sixteen hour mediation. I had already come to the conclusion that mediators are useless, they play no role and are entirely unnecessary and expensive. I also believed that all we need to do is to discuss a few numbers and reach an agreement. Shouldn't my attorney be able to do so on my behalf?Bonnie Shields now complained about me. She became demanding and abusive. She suddenly wasn't free to meet me for my Civil Protection Hearing either. She previously explained that a hearing is conducted exactly two weeks after the Motion is filed. When she finally made time to see me, she hadn't looked at the police report. She spent her time telling me about my husband's version, namely that I attacked him with a mug to the head and drew blood. I knew my husband has no proof, but she seemed disinterested.Two attorneys suggested that Bonnie Shields could not ask for a new protection, Permanent Civil Protection Order while the first, Temporary, Order was in effect. I'm not sure if that is true, but I got the feeling that I could only get this Permanent Civil Protection Order in a pro-se capacity. Bonnie Shields seemed to purposely lead me on. She was purposely wasting time waiting for my Temporary Protection Order to expire.I next got a misguided and mischievous email from her. In her email she claimed that she was "concerned" that I can't understand legal proceedings. I didn't know that this was my "consultation." I immediately sent her an email terminating her services.I went to theSelf-HelpCenterto speak to the Sherlocks. I went a couple of times. For some reason it was hard to get information on how to fire an attorney. Meanwhile Bonnie Shields filed a Motion for GAL. She claimed that she was concerned that I suffer schizophrenia and that a GAL should immediately be appointed to me. At the same time, my husband's attorney David Japha, filed a Motion to Strike against my Civil Protection Order.These were two curve balls Right from the start I hired Bonnie Shields in a limited capacity because I felt that I should always be able to go pro-se if she didn't perform. Now I strongly felt that I could only obtain a Permanent Civil Protection Order in a pro-se capacity. But I didn't know what a GAL was or how to respond to this Motion. I also didn't know what a Strike was or how to address it.Now that I told the Sherlocks that Bonnie Shields filed a Motion for a GAL they said that it was impossible to fire an attorney. One can only replace one attorney with another. I felt I should get Bonnie Shields off the case urgently. I could always find a way to fire the next attorney and get a grip on my case later - when the Motion for GAL has been "cancelled."I was physically exhausted but had no choice. I drove around to interview attorneys. Bonnie Shields, I felt, was incapable of coping with an aggressive attorney such as David Japha. I found one who I felt was as aggressive and was capable of taking on David Japha. His name was Robert Wolf. He was highly informative and supportive. He assured me that the civil protection order is no problem. He also assured me that he was going to "cancel" the GAL immediately. He printed out a contract for me. I would normally not sign a contract without reading it, but I was exhausted due to the concussion. It was essential that Robert Wolf replace Bonnie Shields as fast as possible before this confusing Motion for GAL creates more complications. Robert Wolf said I could write a letter to the court asking them to accept Bonnie Shields' Motion for Dismissal from the case.I went back to the court and filed such a letter. I attached a copy of my email terminating Bonnie Shield's services. Thankfully, my letter was filed based on the date of that email, the date I terminated her services. This made my pleading prior to Bonnie Shields' Motion for GAL. It meant that at the time Bonnie Shields expressed her "dutiful concern" for me, I had no trust in her, nor attorney-client relationships. Later on that turned out to be extremely important.While filing my letter I discovered the existence of the Register of Record. Now I could see for the first time the Bonnie Shields had entered general powers of representation on the case against my will and without my knowledge. I saw that I was erroneously listed as represented by Attorney Stephan Uslan and that my husband appeared pro-se. I still was to learn that this mistake was not innocent, and that corruption prevails in Registers of Action too. I was great to be able to read Magistrate Moss's Minute Order concluding my Temporary Orders Hearing. I noticed that she omitted the requirement that my husband pay taxes jointly and that he share the tax refund.Much like Bonnie Shields, Robert Wolf changed as soon as I signed his contract. He was no longer helpful or available anymore. Instead of urgently replacing Bonnie Shields and "cancelling" the GAL Robert Wolf asked Magistrate Moss to schedule a Telephone Conference with Bonnie Shields. Magistrate Moss would not accept him at that Telephone Conference. She wanted to let me be heard.Robert Wolf didn't prepare me for the Telephone Conference at all. His communications became manipulative and evasive. I didn't gain any insight into what a GAL might be or what a Motion for a GAL was. I was pretty sure I didn't want one, though. aAfter putting it on record, and in recording, who was present at the meeting, Bonnie Shields voiced her "concern" that I'm schizophrenic and in need of a GAL. Based on the Rules of Evidence, Bonnie Shield's testament is meaningless. She is a lay person and not a psychiatrist. Even a psychiatrist can't diagnose anyone as schizophrenic without a test that takes six weeks with two more weeks for results.Bonnie Shields was relying on the now outdated Rules of Professional Conduct. The language of these Rules keeps assigning "duties" to attorneys that are nothing more than license to abuse and exploit. One of the Rules states that if an attorney is concerned that a client is mentally incapacitated or mentally ill it is their duty to ask for the appointment of a GAL.Magistrate Moss did a good job of hearing me. She also said she'd want to hear me in the future. She asked me if I trusted attorney Robert Wolf. He told me that the only way to "cancel" the GAL was to hire him. I also believed what the Shcrlocks told me, namely that it is impossible to fire an attorney and that only replacing them is an option.I didn't trust Robert Wolf but I said I did so that he would "cancel" the GAL. I regret this mistake and wish I was more honest with Magistrate Moss. It has always been a struggle. I always elected not to take her time with lay conversations, but each time I missed an opportunity to give her important information about the case.I later discovered that at the time of the Telephone Conference with Magistrate Moss I was indeed, without my knowledge, as Robert Wolf was out ot mislead me, a pro-se party. All I needed to do was tell Magistrate Moss that I want to proceed as a pro-se party and that I want to schedule a Permanent Civil Protection Hearing. Robert Wolf successfully mislead me and now Magistrate Moss accepted his entry on the case as my Attorney of Record.Civil ProtectionThe Colorado Constitution and Statutes are enough to entirely deter nearly all domestic assaults. If even one domestic abuser was ordered to pay restitution to the woman he assaulted no one in their right mind would assault women or anyone else. This means nearly zero of these litigation or incarceration opportunities surrounding domestic and other assaults. As in all other crime cases, the courts must encourage assailants to offend repeatedly to maintain court profits. They must, therefore, vehemently ignore any and all law in every single case. Additionally, the courts must also work around those pesky advocates. That's what the Supreme Court is for.Victims advocates and wonderful legislators do their best to solve the problem of domestic assaults. Each such assault is an opportunity for appointments from public and private funds. Judges and attorneys respond.David Japha asked Magistrate Moss to authorize two attorneys to be present at the Civil Protection Hearing, representing my husband. Civil Protection Hearings are win-lose hearings and the losing party can be ordered to pay all attorney fees regardless of how poor they are. I believe that David Japha was planning a monstrously extravagant hearing that I was going to lose and have to pay for. Magistrate Moss refused. gRobert Wolf informed me that "we" weren't going to pursue a civil protection order. A funny thing happened: now Judge Angela Arkin in division 4 started responding to Motions filed in division 7 with Magistrate Moss. Judge Arkin later explained that when a GAL is involved the Magistrate is not qualified to handle the case. Whether this was truth or false, I later heard that attorneys recommend to their clients to avoid Magistrate Moss and start the case with Judge Arkin directly. There may have been a change in local laws.David Japha, my husband's attorney, filed a Motion arguing that my husband should return into the house because I'm causing damage to the house. His pleadings were purposely long in an attempt to encourage "________________". He strewed his pleadings with misplaced and misleading words indicating the need for a GAL. I hear that if a pro-se party tries to respond to such voluminous pleadings the judge refuses to accept any more pleadings from them due to over-litigation.Robert Wolf insinuated in his Response that there is a progressive damage to the house - perhaps water damage - and that my husband's pleading should be accepted. He encouraged David Japha to file an Reply, which he did, playing off of Rober Wolf's invitations and further spinning the same false allegations. A policeman suggested that I have my neighbors come into the house, be photographed inspecting the house and sign an affidavit stating that there is no damage to the house. My wonderful neighbors helped but I had no access to the Register of Record and couldn't file anything while an Attorney of Record was on file. I filed a letter with the court asking that Robert Wolf be dismissed from the case before I lose my Temporary Civil Protection Order. David Japha objected that I can't keep firing attorneys. Judge Arkin kept Robert Wolf on the case.Robert Wolf asked for the appointment of a GAL. He wanted me to take mental evaluations and pay for them myself. The GAL, Rose Zapor let me know that she intends to confiscate my weapon and enter my bank accounts. She made $60k worth of requests for services I didn't need out of our marital estate. That was her "consultation." Victim's advocates residing inside courthouses were unwilling to help. I finally found a group of advocates that had their own building. They spent time with me. They explained that it is common practice for the attorneys to get the assailant back into the marital home.I spent entire days calling anyone and any organization I could think of. Finally someone mentioned the Appeals process. It took me two more weeks to file my first Motion for Appeals. It was a rushed and panicked appeal. I didn't have time to study more than just a few of the Colorado Appeals Rules. I simply explained my situation and requested that the GAL and Robert Wolf be dismissed from my case.TheAppeals Courtresponded with an Order to Show Cause. The Response to such order explains to the Court why the orders from the lower court are final and appealable. Final refers to the lower court's own corrective measures - they have to be exhausted. Appealable refers to procedural constitutional rights that have not been repealed through the measure of "errors in the law." I filed my Response. The Court then issued its final order: the appointment of a GAL is not appealable inColorado.The Appeal was my chance to leave my mark on the Register of Action. A copy of each appeal is filed with the lower court. Robert Wolf was dismissed from the case. I now had my first Telephone Conference with Judge Arkin[1]. Rose Zapor asked to be dismissed. Judge Arkin created a pleading on behalf of my husband to appoint a GAL and then granted that appeal on the spot. Judge Arkin scheduled a Sorenson Hearing[2], in which she would "consider" making this temporary appointment permanent. I was going to have to pay for mental evaluations.I discovered that within six months of extreme stress - such as losing one's residence, safety, weapons and bank accounts - there is no testing that can either confirm or deny the presence of schizophrenia. Bonnie Shields had the perfect scheme. My guess was the Judge Arkin was going to appoint a GAL out of "concern" because "schizophrenia can't be denied." I shared my discovery with Judge Arkin. She now ordered a two hour mental evaluation for the four mental incapacities described in the Sorenson ruling. Dr. Kutz was appointed. He was extremely manipulative on the telephone. He said he is going on vacation until one day before the Sorenson Hearing and that he can meet me between 4pm and 5pm - when all of the offices are closed. I later understood that he was setting the stage for a Rule 59 Review scam.Dr. Kutz/Virignia Fraser Able/HealthI never showed up to Dr. Kutz's mental evaluation meeting. Here's how it happened. It just so happened that my husband's employer had issue a new HSA card right around this time. My husband took a couple of months to send me a copy of his new card. In the process I had no funds to pay my osteopath. I had to go without osteopathic care.I soon began to experience chest crowdedness. I felt like my heart didn't have enough room in my chest. My heart moved. I began to experience frequent chest pains. Chest pains are worrying. And yet, I could not see my osteopath. My doctor was not my first choice. But visits were covered by the insurance company directly and I wasn't going to require my HSA card. So I went.Doctors are self-regulating. Most people don't realize that much like attorneys, doctors, as a profession, have relieved themselves of any fiduciary duties towards their patients. They enjoy kickbacks and profits when they prescribe drugs or perform surgeries. They are free to act in the interest of profit - even when the patient would do better without the drugs or the surgery. That's why my doctor was not my first choice.In fact, when I expressed my reluctance to take medications to my doctor I ended up being referred to a newer practitioner in his clinic. She gave me a gadget to wear for 24 hours and a notebook to take notes. The gadget monitored heart functions. The notebook was to document when chest pains occurred. Within hours of wearing the gadget I realized that my chest pains correlated to eating. I thought that maybe my stomach doesn't have room now too. But the doctor explained that this was my esophagus, hosted in my chest, that was failing to close. The acids cause the sensations of pain in my chest, not heart failure. From my perspective this was a simple matter - all I needed to do was eat smaller quantities of food to make sure acid doesn't go up my esophagus.The doctor, however, was adamant that I must take medications. At the time Virginia Fraser Able contacted all of my medical providers as listed with our health insurance. I read an article about a girl who had to take her chemotherapy or go to jail. I knew drug companies were seeking the power to force medication consuption on the public. I wasn't sure what kinds of atrocities Virginia Fraser Able was capable of or interested in. I feared the doctor so much that I bought the medications and threw them away.I didn't get an appointment with a cardiologist until after the Sorenson Hearing. He was great. He explained to me that due to my skeletal injuries my ribs got dislocated and were now pressing against my heart and esophagus. He performed all tests and my heart passed with flying colors. Once I got to see my osteopath I told him that I needed him to move my ribs. A 30 minute session was all it to for all of my symptoms to disappear.Most people approach an orthopedic when their tail bone breaks. The orthopedics surgically fuse the vertebrae around the ruptured disk. This prevents pressure against the disk. However, over time the patient requires further surgical intervention. Each time pain becomes intolerable the patient gets surgeries: the hips, the knees and, finally, the feet. And when all surgical options are exhausted the patient remains dependant on pain medications.Friends of mine inMinnesotaintroduced me to the osteopathic profession. I enjoyed osteopathic adjustments before my injury. So it was natural for me to seek osteopathic care afterwards.Most osteopaths are practicing M.D.s. A practicing M.D. gets paid as soon as the patient walks into their office. I've had a bad experience with those osteopaths. They don't get paid by the hour and want the patient gone as fast as they can. They are also interested in prescribing pain medications for kickbacks. One of the M.D. gave me a questionnaire which I thought was designed to predict how much mistreatment I would be willing to tolerate before the M.D. had to provide any real relief through skeletal manipulation. I decided to only see osteopaths who are not practicing M.D.s. They get paid by the hour and usually combine skeletal manipulations with healing modalities such as reiki.On my first osteopathic appointment after the assault I was still unaware that my tailbone was broken. I suffered extreme and debilitating nervousness and a general weakness. The osteopathic appointment calmed down the nervous disorder - as the central nervous system is closely related to the spine. At night I became aware of a new pain. A friend advised me that my tailbone is broken and that I must keep my legs at a 90 degree angle.I asked my osteopath if I can come see him with a broken tailbone and he said yes. His wife put on a glove and physically readjusted my tailbone. During our sessions my skeleton would be adjusted as to to avoid pressure against my ruptured disk. This kept me safe and pain-free until my fractures fuse together again.At some point my car battery failed. The strain of lifting the battery charger caused me a limp. My osteopath was older and couldn't manipulate large joints like the hip. I began to see a different osteopath. His work was very different. I dreaded going on his table. There were times when I wondered whether his brisk style was going to leave me forever _______. But each time I got off of his table renewed and revived and experiencing better health in every respect.At some point this osteopath referred me to another one. This one made me sign a release acknowledging that his treatments could cause fractures. I signed and went on his table in dread. To my complete surprise his style was extremely gentle. A few months later I realized that my entire skull was fractured. During the assault the back plate of my skull got pushed inwards. I suffered fracture pain on both sides of my nose, where the pressure was. But now my entire skull began to move, allowing my back plate to gradually and safely move back into place.I started with aquatic therapy six months after the assault. The water neutralized the gravity deterring pressure from the ruptured disk. It took another year before I was ready for Reformer Pilates Integrated Physical Therapy. I don't allow physical therapists to manipulate my spine. They usually cause a lot of pain. But osteopaths can't develop my muscles for me. Only a physical therapist can do so.Together my physical therapist and osteopath saved me from all of these surgeries: on my hips, knees and feet. When I took my x-rays with Spine One they showed me a calcification underneath my right ribs. Spine One falsely told me that this was a normal sign of aging. My physical therapist explained that my body used calcification to keep me erect. My muscles work in relation to bones - and my bones were fractured. My muscles weren't able to keep me erect without calcification. Together we managed to clear the calcification. I got my elasticity and strength back.It was about two and a half years into my recovery that I reported a pain that I called "bone pain" in my pelvis. My physical therapist explained bone rhythms to me. Our bones follow a harmonic, circular movement as we walk. After a traumatic injury the muscles contract or they don't have the strength to function properly. The circular movement is arrested. The two hip bones chafe and painful bone spurs form. In response, orthopedics replace the hip. My physical therapist worked to reinstate my bone rhythms. Bone spurs did not form and I didn't need a surgery. More importantly - my muscles were taught how to regain their natural strength and position.It was a long and arduous process, "reminding" my muscles how to function following traumatic injury. I had to be reminded how to move and walk again. She had to walk me through the panic and fear that prevented me from moving correctly.As I gradually got stronger my muscles were contract and pull on my fractured skull from within. My plates would then pinch nerves. Sometimes nerve pinching would halt my digestion. At other times I would cause nausea and vomiting. Most often it caused severe and debilitating headaches. I didn't have to suffer any of these as long as I was regularly seeing my physical therapist and osteopath. But I was not going to get that excellent care, prescribed by Magistrate Moss, for long.I had good care when my knees and hips required support. It was three years into my healing when I began to suffer much pain in my feet. This happened as I was transfering my weight back onto my left pelvis. Sometimes it was muscular pain. New muscles had to perform but were still weak. At other time it felt like the cartilage in my heals was tearing apart because I didn't have the muscles to pull up the arches of my feet. My physical therapist helped me through all of these pains until I was able to feel perfectly balanced. I was no longer limping. My left leg was functioning. The nerve pinching in my skull became more rare. I could finally feel that my healing process was complete. Of course, I still can't sit on hard surfaces and must carry a pillow with me everywhere. Also, I will need to see a physical therapist for the rest of my life to manage my injuries. But my skeleton was balanced again.Back to Dr. Kutz. Without osteopathic care I suffered scary and as-of-yet undiagnosed chest pains. At the same time I suffered lack of emotional support. Virginia Fraser Able contacted all of my medical providers - including my counselor. Our meetings had been a valuable source of support for me. Now I lost my consumer power with him. Virginia Fraser Able was a better source of referrals for him. I saw no point in scheduling further appointments. All I had to work with at the time of my appointment with Dr. Kutz was the doctor's recommendation that should any chest pain last longer than 45 minutes I must immediately go to the emergency room.The scheduled meeting with the highly manipulative, hostile, Dr. Kutz created extreme stress. The mornings were cold and made breathing even harder. I didn't want to end up in the emergency room with who-knows what kind of heart damage. I decided to stay in bed and call Dr. Kutz to cancel.Dr. Kutz understood my situation and said that he would speak to me over the telephone instead of a physical meeting or any forms to fill. We spoke for less than an hour. I don't remember the details of our conversation but I got the impression that he might be talk Judge Arkin into to giving me six months of Stay. This would free me of the stress of injustice and infringement and I could take the mental evaluation to rule out the schizophrenia falsely alleged by the lay Bonnie Shields.The Sorenson HearingAt a Sorenson Hearing it is the judge's duty and burden to examine the facts and decide whether a person loses their constitutional freedoms and privilages. Judge Arkin didn't do so. She had Virginia Fraser Able orchestrate the hearing for her.Judge Arkin seemed a little frightened, possibly takne aback by my level of knowledge or foreseeing the eventual loss of her appointment. I kept waiting for legal proceedings, but discussion remained lay and meaningless. I later learned that this was a mark of a partially recorded hearing.Dr. Kutz was called to testify. He admitted that I didn't show up for the mental evaluation. He was basing his testimony on the Record of the case - my written pleadings. He ended up making a statement that is true of all constituents everywhere. It went: "__________________________________________". Basically, Dr. Kutz "argued" that even after getting legal information I can not use such information to my advantage in court. His intention was to purposely confuse "legal information" with "legal advice." People in need of GAL are unable to take advantage of legal advice to their advantage because of mental incapacity. The public in general is unable to take advantage of free legal information obtained at theSelf-HelpCenterto their advantage in court because this legal information is very general and is not specific to the terms of any specific case.Judge Arkin issued her Ruling, which was not based on the hearing at all. She then ordered my husband to pay for a transcript of the ruling part alone. She ruled that I requested the appointment of a GAL and one is therefore appointed. She ordered me to file an official request for a GAL. This would assure that they state pays for it, she lied. In reality, this request for a GAL means that her fees are legally deducted from the poorer party's part of the marital estate.Rule 59 Review ScamsFollowing the Sorenson Hearing and the appointment of a GAL I hurried on to the Supreme Court and filed a Motion for Appeal. This was my second motion. Time had passed and my skeleton was stronger now. I was able to lift law books off the shelves of the Supreme Court Library and onto the tables. This made it easier to study.My experiences taught me that should I make any arguments at my initial Motion filing then Judge Arkin would be called and fight back. I purposely filed an extremely vague Motion. I gave Judge Arkin nothing she could fight. This gave me two weeks to study the Colorado Appeals Rules governing the process of appeals and to decide on documentation to include in my Designation of Record.Meanwhile I went to consult with the Sherlock at the self-help. The Sherlock called Judge Arkin by phone and was instructed to suggest a Rule 59 Review. I was handed a helpful information sheet, too. Rule 59 governs the proceedings should one want the court to re-hear an issue. Re-hearing is warranted if the party feels that it couldn't defend itself properly due to a surprise or if the party became aware of new facts after the hearing. I was preparing my Rule 59 Motion when I suddenly realized that Dr. Kutz refused to see me in the course of a couple of weeks. He insisted that he must see me just one day before the hearing and was not going to conclude our telephone conversation until 5pm, when all offices are closed. It occurred to me that Dr. Kutz was preparing the ground for a Rule 59, but why?Rule 59 is a unique opportunity to enforce attorney fees for the other party on the poorer party. In divorces the wealthier party always pays all of their own attorney fees and sometimes attorney fees for the poorer party too. But when asking for a re-hearing there is the danger that the party simply wants to waste court time and to lengthens proceedings. This is considered a contempt of court, and the poorer party can be ordered to pay attorney fees both for their own attorneys and for the other party's attorney as a punishment.The stories some of my friends told me suddenly came to life: they were all the poorer party; they were all overwhelmed with scores of thousands of dollars in attorney fees. I now realized that they must have had a hostile ruling made against them. Their attorney would have told them that the judge made a mistake and would have filed for a Rule 59 hearing. A huge hearing would have been organized with multiple attorneys and expert witnesses. At the end of the hearing my friends were declared to be in contempt of court by the judge. They all agreed to wave their part of the marital estate if the wealthier party agreed to pay their attorney fees. InColoradoit is illegal for the judge to accept an agreement that offers one party less than half of the marital estate. But the parties weren't aware of it so the judges had them sign the agreement. That's how divorced result in homelessness. The law forbids this. In fact, the law forbids that a party should remain with no earnings from a divorce and high attorney fees.I realized that Judge Arkin intends to declare me "extensively vexatious" and order me to pay all attorney fees. I remembered that David Japha prepares for such sold hearings by doubling up on legal representation. I would have had to pay for up to four expert witnesses too.Rule 93 Motion for RecusalWhen a judge is biased an attorney, or a private party, can motion for the judge to recuse herself. The law doesn't mention kickbacks or bribes. It speaks of the "appearance of friendship" towards one party. Rule 59 Review scams allow attorneys to make high profits without asking the judge to recues. They don't have to represent their party in order to increase their earnings. The judge arranges for two or more attorneys to be better paid by collaborating with her.When a Rule 93 Motion to Recues is filed the case is automatically Stayed, or stopped. The judge is given time to respond to the Motion. If she agrees, the _______________ Judge takes up to two months to appoint another judge in her place. If she refuses the party can appeal that ruling with theAppeals Court. I've heard of pro-se litigants who had success getting a judge to recues. But I can't imagine that Judge Arkin would have done so or that theAppeals Courtwould have forced her to recues.Once a judge is replaced her rulings can't be over-ruled. They can only be over-ruled in Appeals Courts before she is replaced. My appeals were all treated illegally so I never ventured in to a Rule 93 Motion.My Second AppealI was now almost ready to proceed with my appeal. TheAppeals Courtissued an Order to Show Cause. I argued that I have exhausted all of the self-check mechanisms offered at the lower court level. That should make my appeal Final and Appealable.I was going to explain to the justices the nature of Dr. Kutz's testimony and the lack of mental evaluations. However, the court transcribing services let me know that although I paid for so many hours of transcript, they can't transcribe that much. I approached the Court's Clerk and soon I got an Affidavit. The Affidavit stated that the Electronic Recorder was in order but that the hearing was recorded on-and-off.I went back to C.A.R Rule #10. Replace the C forColoradowith the first one or two letters of your state to read Rule #10. The language of the West Law Practice Series books is crystal clear. However, a few sentences explaining Rule #10 were different. They were convoluted and satum. I realized that there are previous cases of partially recorded hearings. Partially recording a hearing constitutes judicial misconduct and warrants automatic reversal of the ruling. However, if one only submits the Ruling part of the hearing that makes the Ruling part automatically valid. Judge Arkin tried to cast a trap by ordering my husband to transcribe the Ruling part and file it with the lower court case.I now solved my case. I filed a Designation of Record that excludes any partially recorded hearings and includes the Clerk's Affidavit, which was now part of the Register of Record. I was entitled to an automatic reversal of Ruling. That means that Virginia Fraser Able would be dismissed from the case.My appeal was dismissed again. I believe that the dismissal was illegal; however, I did designate my husband as the Appelee based on intervention by the Supreme Court Librarian. It is possible that it is legal to dismiss my appeal based on this mistake - however the law dictates that the court ignore mistakes and imperfections and work for the purpose of upholding a constituent's procedural constitutional rights at all times. So the justices were knowingly ignoring the law.Meanwhile my husband's criminal hearings relating to the domestic assault were partially recorded. A year had passed and David Japha motioned for the case to be sealed. David Japha has to show that there is no public interest in keeping the case opened. Should the victim object, the judge must keep the case as public records. Due to involvement by avid Victim's Advocates judges do actually record these hearings to seal the case. However, as my friends predicted, the judge requested the police to physically prevent me from entering the courtroom. I suspect the police doesn't question these requests but simply make arrangement.I later learned that judges delete positive DNA analysis paid by the state from the database to declare rapists innocent. A woman who files rape charges suffers invasive tastings, endangers her state treasury and makes a judge and some attorneys wealthy. Why should the courts deter rapists? Juicy murder cases and multiple appeals from prison are way more profitable.StipulationsI was at a loss. I was not able to get Virginia Fraser Able off the case. Although a GAL is supposed to do nothing but closely follow instructions from DORA regulated psychiatrists following mental evaluations and hearing Judge Arkin illegally accepted Stipulations from Virginia Fraser Able. Perhaps Fraser Able doubled up as my attorney without my knowledge, but she repeatedly denied being my attorney in emails. I also continued to receive copies of pleadings, as if I was a pro-se party.Stipulations are written agreements between two attorneys regarding a course of action. A Stipulation is filed with the court and the judge accepts or rejects them. An era of fear ensued. David Japha and Virginia Fraser Able could have agreed on anything at any time. I could not feel safe in the house.One Stipulation claimed that I keep changing my mind as to whether I want a GAL on the case or not. This was a lie and Judge Arkin's duty was to hear me on the matter. Instead, Judge Arkin accepted the stipulation and stated that she isn't giving me a chance to be heard on the matter since she saw me "behave" in court. Instead of insinuating that I'm schizophrenic, the judge and two attorneys settled on "______________". It was a lie, I had never suffered from __________ and there was no mental evaluation to either confirm of deny _____________. But very little of what happens in the courts is actually legal.Next David Japha and Virginia Fraser Able singed a stipulation allowing my husband to enter the house and secure his chattels. They made an "error" in forgetting the words "in-situ." A policeman was going to be present to keep the peace but without a no-contact Civil Protection Order I could not be present in the home. ********* at the time because of a lack of Civil Protection. The present Civil Stand-by policeman was not going to prevent my husband from hugging me or touching me. It didn't take much to aggravate my injuries. Basically, my husband was going to come into the marital home and freely take anything he wanted. I made arrangements for a shelter inBoulderand moved all of my personal possessions there. To my delight I discovered that lifting boxes made my back stronger and I was getting a much needed exercise. I had professional movers transport my personal furniture a day before the scheduled visit by my husband.[1] July 16 2014.[2] It appear that an attorney to Ms. Sorenson asked for the appointment of a GAL. Ms. Sorenson was able to fire the attorney and to avoid the appointment of a GAL. Ms. Sorenson later appealed her divorce, possibly regretting that a GAL wasn't appointed. TheAppeals Courtabused its discretion by decreeing that a judge who does not instantly appoint a GAL as soon as a party makes the request "abuses their discretion." Since then the appointment of a GAL is only appealable in Supreme Court appeals, and likely only if sufficient financial incentives are offered.