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A lots of people ask me, how to learn programming from scratch. From this answer you will learn, how to do it. I am programming for 20 years. I am sharing my experiences and of people, that i have helped in this career path development.The answer was originally written on my blog and received 30 000 views and 1 000 votes on Wykop - polish reddit like site. Enjoy!A lots of people ask me, how to learn programming from scratch. Every day i read comments of such kind. For example, someone is working in different area, and wants to become software tester. Or, he/she works in IT, but wants to jump on a new level and start programming. All these people have one thing in common. They want to start the programming journey. But this area is so broad, they don’t know how to start. And everyone tells other things about how to do it.From this answer you will learn how to start programming from scratch. You will also receive some advice that will help you in the progress. So, lets begin:To learn how to code you need to follow these steps:1. Look aroundCurrently programming is a very broad area. So it’s good to look around and see in what directions you can go. Because if you know possible ways, you can choose the right one for you. It also helps to choose technologies you should learn.For starters i can tell about website programmers. These are people, who use for example Wordpress, or other content management system (CMS) and with help of their skills, they adjust website so it works like the client expects it to. To do it such people need to know mostly JavaScript, HTML and CSS.Website developer - this is supposably the most popular interpretation of a “programmer” in the world.But programming is not only about Wordpress websites. It is much much more. Programming is divided into several reals. First, i will give you three examples of frontend realms. Frontend programming is programming of something that the user / client sees. An interface. In short words:Webapp programming - building business online apps (such as your bank app, or movie comparision app). These are specific applications that fill needs of specific group of users. They don’t serve to manage content (like Wordpress) but to manage processes (that is: so that people can, in short words, complete some tasks). In addition to JavaScript, HTML and CSS programmers needs to know some additional technologies for webapp programming. It depends on a project, for example: SCSS, TypeScript and any of the following frameworks: Ember, Angular, Vue or React. (Framework is a skeleton of an application with build it features).Desktop app programming - like above, but it is about programming applications you can install for example on a Windows system. This group differs from the previous one. It uses other technologies. For example programming for Windows can use C# language and .NET Framework.Mobile app programming - it is about writing apps installed on mobile devices. Mainly on devices with Android and iOS operating systems. Programming for Android uses mostly Java programming language and for iOS: Swift language. For each system there are different frameworks. There are also frameworks for both systems.These were examples of frontend reals. Now lets move on to backend realms. Backend is, more or less, programming something, client / user does not see, but is essencial for the system to work:Database programming - databases like MySQL and MSSQL. Database is, more or, less, an advanced spreadsheet. Database stores thus more data, and allows to manipulate it programatically. Add data, remove them, change. Additionally it allows to set up different ways of handling data. For example reject incomplete data, or gather data from different tables. Database systems use their variations of SQL language (for example T-SQL for MSSQL). The language allows to code various operations on the data. There are also databases that don’t use SQL language. They use a mystical name: NoSQL.Backend programming - backend developer processes data between database and frontend, or between different systems that need to cooperate. Almost every programming language can be used for backend purposes. But since backend has specific use cases people tend to use different languages than for frontend. For example: PHP, Ruby, Python, Java, but also JavaScipt.Most of programmers divide into frontend and backend developers. But there are also fullstack developers. Fullstack developer is a person, who knows frontend and backend technologies. He/she can take care of everything to set up an application: database, backend and user interface.But these are not all realms. And in most of such overviews other realms are omitted. We have more and more advanced devices, sensors, that provide data to information systems. These need to be programmed also. This is called embedded programing. Embedded programming is done mostly in C and C++ languages, because these languages give the programmer access to low level abstraction. It saves resources of these small devices.Another thriving realm of programming is data analysis. Developers of data analysis use large data sets in companies and prepare results for business conclusions to be made upon them. Such programmers use diffent sets of languages, including Python and R (yes, this is a name of a programming language, just a letter R. Where is the world coming to right?).Another realm is legacy programming. Legacy developers know technologies that were used to build systems, but are not popular anymore. They support legacy systems, that need to function, but were build years ago.There are a lots of other programming reals. I won’t write about all of these here. But it is possible to find them.This is the end of this point. Why it is so important? If you know what area you are interested in, you can choose technologies, you should learn. And it is easier to learn a few of technologies than 200 of these.Lets assume you already know what area you are interested in, shall we? What is next?2. Choose technologiesTo move further you need to make an informed decision about technologies you should learn. But honestly it is hard to get a good advice about it. You could ask someone, or go to studies or a bootcamp. But either way, you will end up learning: a) what is popular b) what is know by the person who teaches you c) what uses person who answers. And often it is not a good choice. But i have good news. You can do it better and do it good.Read about what technologies are used by companies that work in area, you are interested in. Search for job offers, see what technologies reoccur. Don’t loose enthusiasm because there are 20 technologies there. It’s a fiction. People write things that are not required later for the job.Often, i read that people know a little bit of this, a little bit of that. And they still don’t know how to become a programmer. They are lost. It’s totally true. Programming is a very broad area, and you can not learn everything. You need to choose direction and stick to it. That way you increase your chance to succeed.3. Choose learning methodThis point is very important and i will write why. Everyone has their opinion how a developer should learn. If you was looking for the answer online, you will find a lots of ideas what is right. One will advice to use YouTube videos. Other will tell book is the way to go. Other person will tell a bootcamp is the best. Software developer learns from a documentation! Some developers say also, that college education is useless. I am sad about such statements.You don’t know what is best. And it’s completely natural. Everyone tells different things. Personally i could recommend ebooks and video tutorials, because i like these. But this would not a proper nor helpful answer.In reality, it does not matter how you learn. As long as you learn. And do you remember how did you learn at school? How did it look like? Did a teach ask you to learn a little bit of this, a little bit of that. Things that have no connection between? No. And in school you learn complicated stuff. Stuff that didn’t matter to you. But everyone remembered a little bit from this.It’s because learning in schools is systematic and methodical. Step after step. The system was developed through hundreds years of experience. If you think it is not good enough: ask yourself: how to make a potato battery? This system is that good!You are interested in learning programming. The best thing you can do for yourself is to choose a method that is methodical and systematical. So lets answer to ourselves, what is the most methodical and systematical method of learning? Obviously it is a high school education. High school teaching staff knows methodical and systematical education very well. It will be hard, but you will learn programming.Another way to learn are books and books. With a little bit of carefullness you will find a book that teaches stuff step by step. From easy to difficult things. From A to Z. But you need to like to read.Video tutorials and online courses - these can be great if the autor prepared it methodically - it will help you with learning. Especially if you like to watch and learn.Bootcamp - an intensive programming training. You can also benefit from this. It is a good solution if you like to work with people in a group.Only thing i want to make you aware of to not use non-methodical, non-systematical and incomplete ways to learn programming. Imagin you learned 50% of a topic from a YouTube video course (because it’s free). But there is no latter part. You search for other course. But in other course there are things you don’t know. Also some things you know. And topic is explained in totally different way. It is so down-spirit! So for starters: content that covers topic from A to Z.Reaching soon the end of this point i wanted also to notice one issue that is extremely important. I read that people advice beginners to use english content to learn. These people don’t know what they are doing. When you are a beginner - don’t make your life hard. If you have content in your native language - use it. Why you should learn programming in foreign language? It is an utter garbage. You could also learn spanish from german book while speaking english, or polish from canadian book while speaking japan. is it possible? Yes. But why?4. Set a goalSetting goals is often omitted in planning a work career. People start to learn one course, than stop, then go to a bootcamp while the time inevitably passes. After several months you don’t remember what you have learned before. It seems you learned something, but what precisely did you acomplish?To make learning easier it is a good idea to set a goal. For example you can swear you will read a 800-page long book in a month. Or, you will end up graduate studies, or find a junior developer job in 6 months.Everything goes better, if you will set a goal. It is someting about our nature, that goals make life easier. Learning is not easy. Programming i not easy. Learning programming is off the charts. That is why a goal is so important. And satisfaction from reaching it gives motivation for further work.5. Learn systematicallyWhen you already have a goal, next step is to make a learning schedule. Every day one hour. But every day, always one hour. And not to take another video tutorial or read an article, but to learn something meaningful.Is there a way to make it easier? Mind focus is required to learn programming. A lots of mind focus. Try this out. Announce to everyone: at 6pm i will learn programming for an hour and please don’t disturb me. Switch off the phone, log out from Facebook. Give children to parents-in-law. Give dog to a neighbour.Observe how much you will learn! You need to cut yourself off from the world, to really grasp the understending of programming.6. Code yourselfI am following a awesome beginner software developer on LinkedIn. She found a great way to practice programming. Every day she puts up a goal to code something. For example: one day: simple calculator. Next day: simple page with movie covers. She creates a animated GIF with what she did and puts it on LinkedIn. She writes what she have learned during the day. I love to follow her. She creates some brilliant mini-projects. Above of this, in early days i have also did what she does. What every good software developer i know did. Devising tasks and programming. This is how you become a software developer.Obviously, it is easier when you are studying, working, or joining a bootcamp, or having a book with example tasks. Because you don’t need to figure out tasks on your own. This is also a good method. But sometimes such tasks are boring, don’t force you to go outside of your comfort zone. And what if you figure out a task by yourself? Than you will hit some obstacles, that will pinpoint what you should learn to go further with your practice.7. Ask for helpSince we are talking about problems. It is hard to articulate with what you have problems in early programming days. For example, when a bug occurs in an appliction. How to translate the problem into words? How to ask for it? Sometimes is so hard, people don’t know what phrase to put into a DuckDuckGo search. Years ago it was easier. There was StackOverflow and support groups, where you was able to ask any question. You could count on help from others.Today you can face such answers like “search the internet”, or “this was asked before” or “again”. This is frustrating. Unfortunately. Internet is filled with answers. What advanced software developers don’t comprehend is that it is hard to name a problem if you are beginner programmer. Even if they had exactly the same problem! I can assure you of this!Thus, i strongly urge you to ask questions. Find a nice place on the internet for software developers, or find a mentor. And ask ask ask. Sometimes you will stumble upon a hesitation. But it shall not bring you down. And if so, find other place that is nicer.The more you will ask, the easier it will become to articulate what you have problem with. While the time will pass, your questions will become better and better, answers will show up faster and faster. And later, you will discover, some problems can be solved just by the act of formulating a proper question.8. Find work fastI often read that people postpone searching for a job until they learn something more. And half of year passes by. Software development is a field where you need to renew your knowledge all the time. Lets say you have learned 3–4 technologies that you need. You start to search for a job, and get into trouble. You could search a job for several months! And while doing it, you will forget half of things you have learned.So my advice is that you should start searching for a job more or less in the halfway of your learning path. For several good reasons. First of all if you take an intern position, or junior job, your employer assumes you know almost nothing. Secondly, recrutation process takes time itself. Before you will fine tune your CV, before you will learn premade, available online, test questions time will pass. It will pass while you will sharpen your recrutation talk without jitters. Finding a job is also something you need to learn.So in halfway of the learning path start to looking around for a job. Send CVs, schedule meetings, get used to it. Than your technical readiness will meet with recrutation readiness and there won’t be any lags.9. Ask for more complicated tasksNow you have a work position. But the biggest trap of programming is ahead of you. Since you have a job, you can put books on shelves and just do what you are asked to be done.It is not like this! Be aware, that often interns/juniors are not asked to do complicated tasks, but very easy. You will notice soon, these take less and less time to be completed, and start to become boring. If you won’t do anything about it, you loose time. You can learn new things. Not run around in circles.Above of that, your employer sees when intern/junior stands still. I am am employer, it is as clear as the sky. And no one wants to have timeless internet/junior.So, when you see, you are getting better, ask your supervisor for more complicated tasks. He/she should know to give you someting more comples. This is important to continue learning and developing yourself while at work.As an intern/junior you need to learn a lots, a lots of more. I am 100% sure you don’t want to become one of these guys on the internet that say intern/junior position didn’t give them anything, learned nothing. They didn’t learn, because they didn’t want to go further. They waster their and their employer time.10. Master new technologiesProgramming is an awesome field, but it changes all the time. What you have learned today, will become outdated in one year. And obsolete in 5. When you will find a job, and feel comfortable with it, master something new. Expand your skills. Don’t stand still with your professional development. If you quit studies, maybe it’s worth to go back. Attend a bootcamp, read a book, participate in an online course. Whatever that will allow you to be up to date with technologies.Update: if you want to memorize programming methods look for the Summon The JSON project. Currently there is a deck for JavaScript programmers. You can learn more here: Summon The JSON: JS DeckIt is all you need to learn to start programming from scratch. This was a really long article, and i am really amazed you have reached the end of it. I am sure 99% of people didn’t do it. It looks like you care about becoming a software developer. Caring is 99% of a success. I wish you all the luck. Programming is awesome and gives a lots of professional satisfaction. Don’t loose your heart for it. Go on. Step by step.English is not my native language. If you find any mistake in the answer, please correct it. You will be mentioned in the answer. Thanks!

Some General Advice for Math Students of All AgesIn fact, I would argue that most math textbooks are very straightforward!The real issue most students are experiencing is one of relativity and experience. Mathematics is an increasingly sophisticated, cumulative, and more complicated topic the longer you study it. Fortunately, over time, it also becomes easier, more interesting, and intriguingly more beautiful.As an example of what we’re looking at and what most students are up against, let’s take the topic of algebra. Typically in the United States one might take introductory algebra in eighth grade before taking algebra II in ninth or tenth grade. (For our immediate purposes, here I’m discounting the potential existence of a common pre-algebra course that some middle schools, high schools, and even colleges offer.) Later on in college, one will exercise one’s algebra muscles in calculus and may eventually get to a course called abstract algebra as an upper-level undergraduate (in their junior or senior years). Most standard undergraduate abstract algebra textbooks will cover ALL of the material that was in your basic algebra I and algebra II texts in about four pages and simply assume you just know the rest!Naturally, if you started out with the abstract algebra textbook in eighth grade, you’d very likely be COMPLETELY lost. This is because the abstract algebra textbook is assuming that you’ve got some significant prior background in mathematics (what is often referred to in the introduction to far more than one mathematics textbook as “mathematical sophistication”, though this phrase also implicitly assumes knowledge of what a proof is, what it entails, how it works, and how to actually write one).Following the undergraduate abstract algebra textbook there’s even an additional graduate level course (or four) on abstract algebra (or advanced subtopics like group theory, ring theory, field theory, and Galois theory) that goes into even more depth and subtlety than the undergraduate course; the book for this presumes you’ve mastered the undergraduate text and goes on faster and further.A Weightlifting AnalogyTo analogize things to something more common, suppose you wanted to become an Olympic level weightlifter. You’re not going to go into the gym on day one and snatch and then clean & jerk 473kg! You’re going to start out with a tiny fraction of that weight and practice repeatedly for years slowly building up your ability to lift bigger and bigger weights. More likely than not, you’ll also very likely do some cross-training by running, swimming, and even lifting other weights to strengthen your legs, shoulder, stomach, and back. All of this work may eventually lead you to to win the gold medal in the Olympics, but sooner or later someone will come along and break your world record.Mathematics is certainly no different: one starts out small and with lots of work and practice over time, one slowly but surely ascends the rigors of problems put before them to become better mathematicians. Often one takes other courses like physics, biology, and even engineering courses that provide “cross-training.” Usually when one is having issues in a math class it’s because they’re either somehow missing something that should have come before or because they didn’t practice enough in their prior classwork to really understand all the concepts and their subtleties. As an example, the new material in common calculus textbooks is actually very minimal – the first step in most problems is the only actual calculus and the following 10 steps are just practicing one’s algebra skills. It’s usually in carrying out the algebra that one makes more mistakes than in the actual calculus.Often at the lower levels of grade-school mathematics, some students can manage to just read a few examples and just seem to “get” the answers without really doing a real “work out.” Eventually they’ll come to a point at which they hit a wall or begin having trouble, and usually it comes as the result of not actually practicing their craft. One couldn’t become an Olympic weightlifter by reading books about weightlifting, they need to actually get in the gym and workout/practice. (Of course, one of the places this analogy breaks down is that weightlifting training is very linear and doesn’t allow one to “skip around” the way one could potentially in a mathematics curriculum.)I’m reminded of a quote by mathematician Pierre Anton Grillet: “…algebra is like French pastry: wonderful, but cannot be learned without putting one’s hands to the dough.” It is one of the most beautiful expressions of the recurring sentiment written by almost every author into the preface of nearly every mathematics text at or above the level of calculus. They all exhort their students to actually put pencil to paper and work through the logic of their arguments and the exercises to learn the material and gain some valuable experience. I’m sure that most mathematics professors will assure you that in the end, only a tiny fraction of their students actually do so. Some of the issue is that these exhortations only come in textbooks traditionally read at the advanced undergraduate level, when they should begin in the second grade.“It’s Easy to See”A common phrase in almost every advanced math textbook on the planet is the justification, “It’s easy to see.” The phrase, and those like it, should be a watchword for students to immediately be on their guard! The phrase is commonly used in proofs, discussions, conversations, and lectures in which an author or teacher may skip one or more steps which she feels should be obvious to her audience, but which, in fact, are far more commonly not obvious.It’s become so cliche that some authors actually mention specifically in their prefaces that they vow not to use the phrase, but if they do so, they usually let slip some other euphemism that is its equivalent.The problem with the phrase is that everyone, by force of their own circumstances and history, will view it completely differently. A step that is easy for someone with a Ph.D. who specialized in field theory to “see” may be totally incomprehensible for a beginning student of algebra I in the same way that steps that were easy for Girgory Perelman to see in his proof of the Poincaré conjecture were likewise completely incomprehensible for teams of multiple tenured research professors of mathematics to see. (cross reference: The Poincaré Conjecture: In Search of the Shape of the Universe by Donal O’Shea (Walker & Co., 2007))How to Actively Read a Math TextThe ProblemSo how are students to proceed? It will certainly help to see a broader road map of what lies ahead and what the expected changes in terrain will look like. It will also help greatly if students have a better idea how to approach mathematics for themselves and even by themselves in many cases.In my opinion, the most common disconnect occurs somewhere between high school mathematics and early college mathematics (usually a calculus sequence, linear algebra) and then again between linear algebra/differential equations (areas which usually have discussion followed by examples and then crank-out problems) and higher abstract mathematical areas like analysis, abstract algebra, topology (areas in which the definition-theorem-proof cycle of writing is more common and seemingly more incomprehensible to many).The first big issue in early college mathematics is the increased speed at which college courses move. Students used to a slower high school pace where the teachers are usually teaching to the middle or lower end of the class get caught unaware as their college professors teach to the higher ability students and aren’t as afraid to leave the lower end of the spectrum behind. Just like high school athletes are expected to step up their game when they make the transition to college and similarly college athletes who go pro, mathematics students should realize they’re expected to step up their game at the appropriate times.Often math students (and really any student of any subject) relies on the teacher assigning readings or problems from their book rather than excersizing their curiosity to more avidly and broadly explore the material on their own. If they can take the guidance of their teacher as well as that of the individual authors of books, they may make it much further on their own. High school teachers often skip sections of textbooks for time, but students should realize that there is profitable and interesting material that they’re skipping. Why not go and read it on their own?Earlier I mentioned that an average undergraduate abstract algebra textbook might cover the totality of a high school algebra textbook in about three pages. What does this mean for upper level mathematics students? It almost always means that the density of material in these books is far greater than that of their earlier textbooks. How is this density arrived at? Authors of advanced textbooks leave out far more than they’re able to put in, otherwise their 300 page textbooks, if written at the same basic level as those that came before would be much more ponderous 1000+ page textbooks. What are they leaving out? Often they’re leaving out lots of what might be useful discussion, but more often, they’re leaving out lots of worked out examples. For example, a high school text will present a definition or concept and then give three or more illustrations or examples of problems relating to the concept. The exercises will then give dozens of additional drill problems to beat the concept to death. This type of presentation usually continues up to the level of calculus where one often sees massive tomes in the 800+ page length. Math texts after this point generally don’t go much over 300 pages as a rule, and it’s primarily because they’re leaving the examples out of the proverbial equation.The SolutionHow does one combat this issue? Students need to more actively think back to the math they’ve taken previously and come up with their own simple examples of problems, and work though them on their own. Just because the book doesn’t give lots of examples doesn’t mean that they don’t exist.In fact, many textbooks are actually presenting examples, they’re just hiding them with very subtle textual hints. Often in the presentation of a concept, the author will leave out one or more steps in a proof or example and hint to the student that they should work through the steps themselves. (Phrases like: “we leave it to the reader to verify” or “see example 2.”) Sometimes this hint comes in the form of that dreaded phrase, “It’s easy to see.” When presented with these hints, it is incumbent (or some students may prefer the word encumbering) on the student to think through the missing steps or provide the missing material themselves.While reading mathematics, students should not only be reading the words and following the steps, but they should actively be working their way through all of the steps (missing or not) in each of the examples or proofs provided. They must read their math books with pencil and paper in hand instead of the usual format of reading their math book and then picking up paper and pencil to work out problems afterwards. Most advanced math texts suggest half a dozen or more problems to work out within the text itself before presenting a dozen or more additional problems usually in a formal section entitled “Exercises”. Students have to train themselves to be thinking about and working out the “hidden” problems within the actual textual discussion sections.Additionally, students need to consider themselves “researchers” or think of their work as discovery or play. Can they come up with their own questions or exercises that relate the concepts they’ve read about to things they’ve done in the past? Often asking the open ended question, “What happens if I…?” can be very useful. One has to imagine that this is the type of “play” that early mathematicians like Euclid, Gauss, and Euler did, and I have to say, this is also the reason that they discovered so many interesting properties within mathematics. (I always like to think that they were the beneficiaries of “picking the lowest hanging fruit” within mathematics – though certainly they discovered some things that took some time to puzzle out; we take some of our knowledge for granted as sitting on the shoulders of giants does allow us to see much further than we could before.)As a result of this newly discovered rule, students will readily find that while they could read a dozen pages of their high school textbooks in just a few minutes, it may take them between a half an hour to two hours to properly read even a single page of an advanced math text. Without putting in this extra time and effort they’re going to quickly find themselves within the tall grass (or, more appropriately weeds).Another trick of advanced textbooks is that, because they don’t have enough time or space within the primary text itself, authors often “hide” important concepts, definitions, and theorems within the “exercises” sections of their books. Just because a concept doesn’t appear in the primary text doesn’t mean it isn’t generally important. As a result, students should always go out of their way to at least read through all of the exercises in the text even if they don’t spend the time to work through them all.One of the difficult things about advanced abstract mathematics is that it is most often very cumulative and even intertwined, so when one doesn’t understand the initial or early portions of a textbook, it doesn’t bode well for the later sections which require one to have mastered the previous work.This is even worse when some courses build upon the work of earlier courses, so for example, doing well in calculus III requires that one completely mastered calculus I. At some of the highest levels like courses in Lie groups and Lie algebras requires that one mastered the material in multiple other prior courses like analysis, linear algebra, topology, and abstract algebra. Authors of textbooks like these will often state at the outset what material they expect students to have mastered to do well, and even then, they’ll often spend some time giving overviews of relevant material and even notation of these areas in appendices of their books.As a result of this, we can take it as a general rule: “Don’t ever skip anything in a math textbook that you don’t understand.” Keep working on the concepts and examples until they become second nature to you.Finally, more students should think of mathematics as a new language. I’ve referenced the following Galileo quote before, but it bears repeating (emphasis is mine):“Philosophy is written in this grand book, the universe which stands continually open to our gaze. But the book cannot be understood unless one first learns to comprehend the language and read the letters in which it is composed. It is written in the language of mathematics, and its characters are triangles, circles and other geometric figures without which it is humanly impossible to understand a single word of it; without these, one wanders about in a dark labyrinth.”-Galileo Galilee (1564–1642) in Il saggiatore (The assayer)Though mathematical notation has changed drastically (for the better, in my opinion) since Galileo’s time, it certainly has its own jargon, definitions, and special notations. Students should be sure to spend some time familiarizing themselves with current modern notation, and especially the notation in the book that they choose. Often math textbooks will have a list of symbols and their meanings somewhere in the end-papers or the appendices. Authors usually go out of their way to introduce notation somewhere in either the introduction, preface, appendices, or often even in an introductory review chapter in which they assume most of their students are very familiar with, but they write it anyway to acclimate students to the particular notation they use in their text. This notation can often seem excessive or even obtuse, but generally it’s very consistent across disciplines within mathematics, but it’s incredibly useful and necessary in making often complex concepts simple to think about and communicate to others. For those who are lost, or who want help delving into areas of math seemingly above their heads, I highly recommend the text Mathematical Notation: A Guide for Engineers and Scientists by my friend Edward Scheinerman as a useful guide.A high school student may pick up a textbook on Lie Groups and be astounded at the incomprehensibility of the subject, but most of the disconnect is in knowing and understanding the actual language in which the text is written. A neophyte student of Latin would no sooner pick up a copy of Cicero and expect to be able to revel in the beauty and joy of the words or their meaning without first spending some time studying the vocabulary, grammar, and syntax of the language. Fortunately, like Latin, once one has learned a good bit of math, the notations and definitions are all very similar, so once you can read one text, you’ll be able to appreciate a broad variety of others.Actively Reading a Mathematics Text Review:Work through the steps of everything within the textCome up with your own examplesWork through the exercisesRead through all the exercises, especially the ones that you don’t doDon’t ever skip anything you don’t fully understandMath is a language: spend some time learning (memorizing) notationExceptionsNaturally there are exceptions to the rule. Not all mathematics textbooks are great, good, or even passable. There is certainly a spectrum of textbooks out there, and there are even more options at the simpler (more elementary) end, in part because of there is more demand. For the most part, however, most textbooks are at least functional. Still one can occasionally come across a very bad apple of a textbook.Because of the economics of textbook publishing, it is often very difficult for a textbook to even get published if it doesn’t at least meet a minimum threshold of quality. The track record of a publisher can be a good indicator of reasonable texts. Authors of well-vetted texts will often thank professors who have taught their books at other universities or even provide a list of universities and colleges that have adopted their texts. Naturally, just because 50 colleges have adopted a particular text doesn’t necessarily mean that that it is necessarily of high quality.One of the major issues to watch out for is using the textbook written by one’s own professor. While this may not be an issue if your professor is someone like Serge Lang, Gilbert Strang, James Munkres, Michael Spivak, or the late Walter Rudin, if your particular professor isn’t supremely well known in his or her field, is an adjunct or associate faculty member, or is a professor at a community college, then: caveat emptor.Since mathematics is a subject about clear thinking, analysis, and application of knowledge, I recommend that students who feel they’re being sold a bill of goods in their required/recommended textbook(s), take the time to look at alternate textbooks and choose one that is right for themselves. For those interested in more on this particular sub-topic I’ve written about it before: On Choosing Your own Textbooks.Parting AdviceOften, even with the best intentions, some authors can get ahead of themselves or the area at hand is so advanced that it is difficult to find a way into it. As an example, we might consider Lie groups and algebras, which is a fascinating area to delve into. Unfortunately it can take several years of advanced work to get to a sufficient level to even make a small dent into any of the textbooks in the area, though some research will uncover a handful of four textbooks that will get one quite a way into the subject with a reasonable background in just analysis and linear algebra.When one feels like they’ve hit a wall, but still want to struggle to succeed, I’m reminded of the advice of revered mathematical communicator Paul Halmos, whose book Measure Theory needed so much additional background material, that instead of beginning with the traditional Chapter 1, he felt it necessary to include a Chapter 0 (he actually called his chapters “sections” in the book) and even then it had enough issueshewas cornered into writing the statement:“…[the reader] should not be discouraged, if on first reading of section 0, he finds that he does not have the prerequisites for reading the prerequisites.”– Paul Halmos in Measure Theory (1950)This is essentially the mathematician’s equivalent of the colloquialism “Fake it ’til you make it.”When all else fails, use this adage, and don’t become discouraged. You’ll get there eventually!Originally posted at Why Aren't Math Textbooks more Straightforward?

Preparing for a Digital Marketing interview?Don’t know where to start?What questions would be coming your way?Well, here are some of the top digital marketing questions, that are most frequently asked during interviews.Here’s the complete list Of Digital Marketing Job Interview questions & answers for beginners, freshers & experienced.It covers all the topics Search Engine Optimization, Social Media Marketing, on page SEO, off page SEO, Google analytics, webmaster tool, etc.If you Read all the question you will definitely crack any of your digital marketing interviewsThis I Can guaranty you.So lets Start….1. Why did you feel like applying for this position in Digital Marketing?The manner in which you respond, the employer wishes to know about the business you worked in and what influenced you to apply here.The job role? The organization? The salary package? Or then again the location? On the off chance that it is the pay, please keep mum about it from the hiring manager as you will create a bad impression in this case.2. What attracted you to the Digital Marketing industry?With the help of this question, the interviewer actually needs to find out about your commitment to this industry and furthermore, what factors in you, make you unique and the best choice of a lot of candidates who are on the run.Stay honest with your response to this very question.Most importantly, here you have to state the reason you applied for this job. Is it the esteem of this industry that pulled you in? Or on the other hand, is it the high remuneration of the Digital Marketing professionals.Therefore, it becomes necessary that you portray your enthusiasm and complete commitment towards this industry.3. Explain the term Digital MarketingDigital Marketing a broad term is regarded as brand marketing strategies through the various online channels. It incorporates different methods and techniques such as SEO, SEM, Email marketing, Link building, PPC and so on.4. List out some of the top Digital Marketing toolsFollowing are some of the top Digital Marketing tools:+MozKeyword DiscoveryRankWatchGoogle AnalyticsStumbleUpon5. What do you mean by a responsive website?A site that is equipped for altering its layout as per the orientation and viewport size of the gadget. The content that is exhibited on the little screens and large screens seem same, however, with an alternate layout that offers an optimum ordeal over the display size.6. Can you describe the biggest challenge faced to date, in your Digital Marketing career?Here is a tricky one as they need to know how you manage the challenges. Prior to answering, think precisely and it is alright to answer which brought about a failure in the event that you have learned from it and how you could effectively execute later.On the off chance that you have an impact, making a story, attempt to persuade your future employer with this. Definitely, you will sail past the interview.7. Where do you see yourself 5 years down the line in this industry?This is an extremely dubious question in all the interviews and your dedication, passion and career path is scaled in light of how you will answer this question. The interviewer wants to analyze whether you are the correct contender for whom the investment is possible or not.Do not go for personal desires. Rather talk about,Career based goalsInterest towards the job position you have applied forYour core strengths8. Rate yourself in between 1 to 10 based on your Digital Marketing knowledgeEnsure neither to overestimate nor underestimate yourself. With the help of this question, the employer aims to learn in the event that you are familiar with your strengths and shortcomings as well. Do give a thought to what knowledge and skills you have and the scope of work you have to learnSearch Engine Optimization Interview Questions & Answers Guide1. What is Marketing?The action we need to take to sell our products/services/brands etc.2. What are the types of MarketingDigital MarketingTraditional Marketing3. What is Digital Marketing?Promoting your Products/services/brands with the help of digital media.Ex. Internet, Mobile, Search Engine, etc.4. What are the types of Digital Marketing?Inbound MarketingOutbound Marketing5. What is Inbound Marketing?Inbound marketing refers to marketing strategies that focus on attracting audiences to sell our products/brands/services.Ex. Website visits, Reviews, etc.6. What is Outbound Marketing?Outbound marketing refers to marketing strategies that push or force audiences to buy their products using traditional advertising methods.Ex. Television ads, Radio Ads.7. What are the Modules/Techniques of Digital Marketing (Inbound Marketing) ?Search Engine OptimizationSearch Engine MarketingSocial Media OptimizationSocial Media MarketingEmail Marketing8. What is a Search Engine?A search engine is a web-based software system which is developed to search and locate relevant information on the World Wide Web. Search engines generally answer the queries entered by the users and give them a list of search results.9. Name of a few Search EngineThe names of some search engines are –Google,Bing,Yahoo!,Baidu,DuckDuckGoYandex.10. What is Search Engine Optimization(SEO)?Search engine optimization is the activity of optimizing web pages or whole sites in order to make them search engine friendly, thus getting a higher position in search results.11. What are the types of SEO?On-Page SEOOFF-Page SEO12. What are the Techniques of SEO?White hat SEOBlack hat SEO13. What is White hat SEO?It is the practices of following Google algorithms to rank our website.14. What is Black hat SEO?Techniques that search engines do not approve and attempt to minimize the effect of these techniques are also known as spamdexing.15. What is mean by Crawler/Google Bot/ Spider?It is the software component that traverses the web to gather the information.16. What is Google Algorithms? Explain Each of them?Panda Algorithm– Its all related with “Quality Content” in your website.Penguin Algorithm – Its all related to “Quality links” in your website.Humming Bird Algorithm– It gives you fast and accurate result of your quires in the search engine.Pigeon Algorithm– “Pigeon Update” is a new algorithm to provide more useful, relevant and accurate local search results that are tied more closely to traditional web search ranking signals.17. What is Keyword?A keyword is a search term or search query that is used to match with the query a person enters into a search engine to find specific information.18. Explain types of Keywords.Short tail keyword: 2,3 words per Keyword.For Ex. 1. Hotel in Pune2. Samsung mobile phoneLong tail keyword: 3,4 and more.For Ex. 1. Best veg-non veg hotel in Pune.2. Samsung mobile phones under 10000 rupees.19. Which are the best places to use the keywords?Keywords in the <title> tag(s).Keywords in the <meta name=”description”>.Keywords in the <meta name=”keyword”>.Keywords in <h1> or other headline tags.Keywords in the <a href=”http://yourcompany.com”>keywords</a> link tags.Keywords in alt tags.Keywords in <!– insert comments here> comments tags.Keywords in the URL or website address.20. Which are the tools you used for keyword research?Keyword Planner ToolUbesuggestSpyfuK-metaAHREFSemrush21. Which tool did you use for analysis of competitor keyword research?Spy fuK-MetaUbersuggestSemrush22. What are the parameters(Keyword Strategy) you consider while you research for a keyword?Search Volume should be high.The competitor should be medium or low.23. What is On-page SEO?On-page SEO is the practice of optimizing individual web pages in order to rank higher and earn more relevant traffic in search engines.24. What are the basic factors of on-page SEO?URLHeadingImagesContentInternal and External LinksFooter25. How You will optimize On-Page Basic factor? Explain it one by one.URL :Keyword must be in the URL.URL should be in the small letter.Space & underscores should be replaced by a hyphenHeading :Heading should be in <h1> Heading </h1> this format.Every page has only one H1 TAG.Put your main keyword in H1.Image with ALT Tag :ALT Tag is the name of the image, the image must be used ALT tag for crawler understanding.Content :Quality content should be on your website follows by PANDA algorithm.Internal Links :Internal links must be there for engagement of user.Given links should be relevant.Footer :Footer is also an important part of your website for a better understanding of crawler.26. What is the advance factor of On-Page SEO?SitemapCanonical tagRedirection TechniquesSSL CertificateRobot.txt27. What are Meta tag and its limit?HTML meta tags are officially page data tags that lie between the open and closing head tags in the HTML code of a document.Limit of the meta tag is 60-70 characters.28. What are meta Description and its limit?The meta description is the short paragraph of text placed in the HTML of a webpage that describes its content.Limit of meta description: 230-320 characters.29. What is sitemap? What is it’s a type?A sitemap is the hierarchical representation of your website.Types of SitemapXML SitemapHtml Sitemap30. What is XML Sitemap? How you create it?An XML (extensible markup language) sitemap protocol is specifically intended for search engine spiders. We can create a sitemap using an online sitemap generator tool.31. What is HTML sitemap?HTML (hypertext markup language) is just a general overview of the site, just the pages and info a user needs to be concerned with.32. What is the canonical tag? Give its example.The canonical tag is a page level meta tag that is placed in the HTML header of a webpage. It tells the search engines which URL is the canonical version of the page being displayed. Its purpose is to keep duplicate content out of the search engine index while consolidating your page’s strength into one ‘canonical’ page.Example :www.digitaltrainee.com/Indexhttp://www.digitaltrainee.comdigitaltrainee.comSo, in this case, we write the following code in our head section to the crawler understanding that this different URL indicating the same page.<Link rel= Canonical href=http://www.digitaltrainee.com”>33. What is redirection?A redirect is a way to send both users and search engines to a different URL from the one they originally requested.34. What are the types of redirection? Explain it.301 Permanent Redirect :It should be used to clearly indicate a permanently moved page and to avoid confusing search engines.302 Temporary Redirect :Temporary Redirect one Url to another Url.35. How you check the redirection?Using 301 and 302 Redirect generator tool.36. What is SSL? Explain its need.SSL layer is used to boost the ranking of your website. SSL Stands for “Secure Socket Layer”. It is the industry standard for web security technology and is accepted globally.If your site is taking data from the user or sending him important data, then your site should implement SSL.37. Where do you see yourself 5 years down the line in this industry?This is an extremely dubious question in all the interviews and your dedication, passion and career path is scaled in light of how you will answer this question. The interviewer wants to analyze whether you are the correct contender for whom the investment is possible or not.Do not go for personal desires. Rather talk about,Career based goalsInterest towards the job position you have applied forYour core strengths38. Give the name of SEO Analysis & Website Speed Analysis Tools?Website Speed Analysis ToolsPingdom toolGTmatrixGoogle Page InsightWebsite Analysis ToolsSEO OptimerWoorankSEO site CheckupOnpage.org39. What is Robot.txt? Give its syntax.Robot.txt is a text file which is used to instructs the crawler that allows or disallow to visit some web pages of our site because that are not important to rank on SERP.Syntax :User agent:*(* for all crawler)Allow:/(File name)Disallow/(File name)40. What is a backlink?Back links are also called incoming links that help users to shift from one web page to the other web pages. These links play an important part in SEO.41. What is anchor text?Anchor text is the clickable text in a hyperlink.42. Types of back links?Do-FollowNo-Follow43. What is a do-follow/no-follow link?Do-follow: Link is a hyperlink that is able to tell all search engines to pass along its page to an outbound link.No-follow: Link is exactly the opposite. It is a hyperlink that removes the ability to pass on its page rank status to another site.44. What do you mean by SEO? What is a keyword and how vital is it for SEO?SEO or Search Engine Optimization is a method of digital marketing that permits rise in website traffic quality with the help of organic search engine results.Digital Marketing makes use of the keywords for the convenience of users when looking to discover particular information on a search engine. For a superior ranking in SEO, keywords are extremely critical and the position of applying keywords in content will define site ranking as well.45. List out some areas where keyword optimization is carried outFor optimum page ranking, the positioning of keywords is important. The areas are as follows:Meta tagsTitle of the websiteHeadingsWebpage based contentWebsite URL46. Can you explain certain rules which you follow in doing link building?Yes, I use many specific rules to define the quality of links. I will look at the following factors before submission :Quality of back link(PR, PA, DA must be good)Relevancy of the content between 2 sitesProper use of anchor text.Avoid site-wide linksAvoid links from low-quality sites.47. What is Page Authority(PA)?PA is a score developed by MOZ that predicts how well a specific page will rank on search engine result page. It scores between 1-100.48. What is Domain Authority(DA)?DA is a measure of the power of a domain name and is one of many search engine ranking factors :Domain agePopularitySize50. What is the Moz Rank (MR)?Moz Rank(mR) showa the opularity of a given web page or website, web pages with high MozRank can get good rank in the Search Engines. A Moz Rank can be improved by getting more and more back links from the semi and more popular websites or web pages.51. Tell me some off-page activity that you have done with the exampleArticle submissionExternal Blog submissionPress-Release submissionGuest blog submissionSocial bookmarkingPPT/PDF submissionImage/Info graphic submissionVideo submissionBusiness listingClassified AdsBlog CommentingForum DiscussionQA sitesNote: Must know atleast 5 sites name of each activity.Google Webmaster Interview Questions & Answers Guide1. How can I see what pages are indexed in Google?There are two ways to see if the web pages of any specific website are indexed by Google.One can check the Google Index Status of any specific website through Google Webmaster tools. After adding the website on the dashboard and verifying the ownership, click on the tab “Index status” would show the numbers of pages indexed by Google.One can also perform a manual search on Google by typing on Google search bar site:domainname.com, and the number of pages indexed would reflect on the SERP.For example:2. What is Google Webmaster Tools/Google Search Console?It was on 20th May, 2015 that Google changed the name of Google Webmaster tools to Google Search Console. Google Search Console provides free web services to the web masters by enabling them to monitor and sustain the online presence of their specific websites.Google Search Console helps the business owners, SEO experts, site administrators and web developers to see the crawl errors, crawl stats, backlinks and malware with a click of a button. .3. What is Google Fetch?Fetch is a Google tool which enables you to test how Google renders a URL on your site. You can use Google Fetch to see whether Googlebot can access a page on your site, how it renders the page, and whether any page resources are blocked to Googlebot.This tool can be effectively used for the following purposes:Troubleshooting webpages to improve the performance in SEO.Submitting pages for indexing whenever the content is changed significantly.Finding out the pages affected by any malware attack.4. What is bounce rate?Bounce rate is the number of visitors which a site receives only for them to leave the site after viewing only one page. It represents the percentage of visitors who enter the site and then leave or “bounce” rather than continuing on to view the other pages within the same site.5. What are crawl stats?The Crawl Stats report provides information on Googlebot’s activity on your site for the last 90 days. These stats take into account all the content types that are downloaded by Google such as CSS, JavaScript, Flash.Google’s ability to fetch and crawl web pages is incredibly efficient and the crawl stats provides insights for the same with complete data on the statistics.6. What Google Webmaster Tools Give Us?Google Webmaster Tools shows traffic for each keyword separately; it gives more information about website performance according to Google search query. This tool does not cover search results from other search engines, such as Bing, Yahoo, or Baidu.7. Explain Google Webmaster Tools?Submit and check a sitemapCheck and set the crawl rate, and view statistics about how Googlebot accesses a particular siteGenerate and check a robots.txt file. It also helps to discover pages that are blocked in robots.txt by chance.List internal and external pages that link to the siteGet a list of broken links for the siteSee what keyword searches on Google led to the site being listed in the SERPs and the click through rates of such listingsView statistics about how Google indexes the site, and if it found any errors while doing itSet a preferred domain (e.g. prefer Example Domain over Example Domain or vice versa), which determines how the site URL is displayed in SERPsHighlight to Google Search elements of structured data which are used to enrich search hit entries (released in December 2012 as Google Highlighter.Receive notifications from Google for manual penalties.8. What Google Webmaster Tools Give Us?Google Webmaster Tools shows traffic for each keyword separately; it gives more information about website performance according to Google search query. This tool does not cover search results from other search engines, such as Bing, Yahoo, or Baidu.9. What is accelerated Mobile Pages(AMP)?Accelerated Mobile Pages (AMP) is an open-source initiative to provide web pages that load fast and look good on mobile devices, even over slow networks.Digital Trainee offers you Advanced & Practical Digital Marketing Courses with1 6+ Google Certification, Internship and training Certifications.Social Media Marketing Interview Questions & Answers1. Importance of Social Media?Be very thorough with one of the most commonly asked social media questions. Since Social Media is highly customizable in nature with social media ads, it is important for every business, be it small or large. For instance, Facebook ads allow you to target users by things like industry, education level, location, history of purchases, and the pages they have liked.2. What are social media success tracking tools?It is important to track the social media success to know if you are on the right track or not and if not, then what could be done to improvise the performance. The relevant metrics that could be used to track social media success are:· Google AnalyticsTo measure how much traffic is being directed to your website from different social media channels.· Quality and relevancy of contentBy monitoring the unique page views, total pages viewed, and the time spent on a page can be used to review the quality of content.· Observe the conversations about your companyThe share of voice is nothing against conversations about your company vs that of your competitor’s. You can observe this by a simple yet effective formula i.e., company’s mentions on social media platforms and the mentions of your competitor’s name on the same.You can use Social Mention, a free tool to track the names.· Tracking with Social CRM toolYou can track the total size of community and engagement with the help of a social CRM tool.· Tracking overall Social Media ReturnsBy adding up the total of your positive, negative, or neutral mentions, you can measure the social media returns over time.3. What KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) would you recommend reporting on social media efforts?There are various key performance indicators like Video or SlideShare views, Social Connections, Traffic Data, Mentions, Comments, Likes, Shares, Demographics and Location, the number of active followers, and more.One should identify to determine the reach and engagement of the company on social platforms. By tracking the right KPIs, the company will be able to make adjustments to your social media budget and strategy.4. What are the elements of a viral video?Ans: Some of the elements necessary to make a video viral are:Deciding the audience before creating the content of the video.Making the first 20 seconds of a video compelling. These 20 seconds will influence the viewers whether to watch it further or not.Time relevance should be observed as it encourages the campaign’s viral potential.The video must be entertaining to the masses as well as universal.A catchy line or phrase must be there to hit the viewers’ thought process positively.Create attention grabbing and compelling title with relevant tags to include widely searched key terms. An interest description will act as a teaser to the audience.Seed the video to journalists, influencers, and bloggers for whom it is most relevant to.5. In what ways can you measure social return on investment (ROI) ?You should know the company’s goals and objectives before starting to track and measure their social ROI. There are various ways in which it could be measured:Customer AcquisitionReachTrafficLead GenerationRevenueclicksContest EntriesThese are some factors you can use to measure social ROI. After establishing what is the marketing goal of the company, you shall then assign financial values to each goal.6. What are the best practices on Twitter?Some of the best ways to use Twitter are:Using not more than 2 hashtags every tweet.Keeping the tweets around 100 characters. Make your tweets crisp and hitting.Schedule and plan your tweets with the help of Buffer or TweetDeck.With the help of Twitter Advanced search, you can manage your Twitter Marketing activities.Keeping a check on Twitter Analytics to know what could be done to improvise the strategy.7. How can you boost Facebook reach?Some of the tips to increase your reach on Facebook are:Buy some adsStop using 3rd party toolsImprove your Facebook EdgeRankKeep building your own Website and Email list8. Why did you choose Social Media industry?This is one of the most common social media questions you will face during the interview.With this question, the recruiter wants to know more about you as a candidate and why you chose to work as a social media marketer. Tell them your passion and your enthusiasm to work in the industry in the future. Back your answers with a story with regard to what makes you a fitting candidate.The near best response could be to say that you are aware that the industry is dynamic and challenging which attracts you even more. Show that you don’t prefer a boring job rather you would love to overcome challenges every day.9. What is your most successful social media campaign? Why?Everyone show (probably brag) their accomplishments in their CV and the chances are high that you have done it too. Then why is the interviewer posing such a question?Well, they wish to know about your accomplishments in your words. They want to know how you started a particular social media campaign, how you tracked the success, and what profit it made for the company. While you are talking about your previous campaigns, they will judge you on your enthusiasm for the industry and how passionate you are.Pro Tip: Talk in numbers and don’t give them false hope.10. Do you know our competitors? Social Media strategies are adopted by them?Be prepared for this question. Don’t forget to do your homework. You should learn about the company you have applied to, know their background, what are their key areas, their competitors and what strategies are adopted by them.11. What are the tricks that can drive more traffic to our blogs?Few of the ways for driving traffic to your blog are:Promotion of content across platforms like Sign up | Tumblr, http://Pinterest.com, Log In or Sign Up, and more.Use Instagram to share the title of your blog post or image. Post images to platforms like Twitter, Flickr, Foursquare, Facebook, and Tumblr.Giving a short presentation of content on SlideShare and providing a link to the content or blog from SlideShare.Pin your post to Pinterest contributors by using an attractive title of the blog, image, hashtags, and adding keywords.Create a few seconds preview of your post like Vine or video which could be posted on Twitter and Instagram with a link to the blog post.12. What are the top Social Media Marketing Tools to consider?Here are some of the best social media tools to leverage:· BufferThis tool manages multiple pages, brands, and searches. It assigns the task to team members, post analytics, competitor research, and reporting.· HootSuiteIt is used for search or monitoring, reporting, social media dashboard, and team management.· Radian 6Enterprise social media management application for post analytics, research, listening, and campaigns.· ZendeskFor collecting messages from social into one collaborative inbox, customer engagement platform, e-mail voice, etc.· TweetDeckSimilar to HootSuite, TweetDeck helps to manage multiple social media platforms like LinkedIn, Foursquare, Twitter, Facebook, and MySpace.Here are few of the SMO interview questions and answers for social media executive job interview:14. What is the difference between social customer service environment and social marketing environment?This question on social media will differentiate between mediocre candidates and above par candidates.· Social Marketing EnvironmentIt calls for a more conversational approach. Since most social media conversation doesn’t revolve around sales, the best candidate will be able to recognize where someone is in their purchase journey and thereby, will guide them to their destination.· Social Customer Service EnvironmentThis requires the ability to resolve conflict, patience, and empathy. The candidate must be able to recognize situations that call for an escalation to management. As a social media expert, you should know that you are not responding just one customer but the audience of future customers.15. What are the marketing strategies to generate leads?They will hire you only if you know how to generate leads! Here you need to know how social media is giving you something quantifiable for the investment you are putting in.Social Media ROI = No. of LeadsBe ready to talk about social media advertising. Know the strengths of each social media platforms. Remember that Facebook ads offer a pool of opportunities for businesses.Interview questions & answers for the Social Media ManagerThe most crucial task is of a social media manager. Here are some of the social media manager interview questions you can face in your job interview:16. What is the most important task of a social media manager?With this question, the recruiter will judge you on how you prioritize your task list. You can answer by monitoring the audience within the brand’s social channels.social media meme:The most important task of any social media manager is not to get likes or shares on the posts shared but to engage the followers regularly. It is important to make your fans feel that you are there for them and care for them. Showing them interest to have them as a customer will do the trick!13. Have you ever handled an online reputation crisis?It is one of the most common social media job interview questions faced by a social media manager.Tell them what ‘Online Reputation Crisis’ means to you (in accordance to their company’s working) and what are the possible steps you would take to resolve the problem.Suggest them to have ‘best practice’ protocol if they don’t have one. Mention about the social media policy and how will you resolve the conflicting situation.14. How can we allocate a budget for social media advertising?You should prepare your answer on the basis of how best to allocate your budget and how can you track if it is successful or not.For instance, let’s take a typical budget for Facebook ads. Depending on the type of company and the market, a minimum of $500 per month is a good start.Investment in content marketing and social media is mandatory for success. There are 6 ways to consider if you want to see the Return on Investment (ROI):TrainingManpowerTimeFinancialMonitoring, publishing and reporting softwareAttention15. What do you think of our current social media efforts? What could we be doing better?You want a professional who is deliberate and thoughtful. They should be able to articulate what they think is working well and what isn’t. If you have a strategy in place, they should be able to offer ways to build on it. If you don’t have one, they should be able to offer ideas that align with your business goals.16. What metrics do you use to measure the success of your social campaigns?The two most important metrics for social media are engagements and leads. Whether they’re using Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, LinkedIn, or YouTube, a good social media specialist should be able to show quantifiable evidence that they’re reaching people who could become customers.17. What channels do you think are most relevant to our business? How do you use each channel differently?This question should give you a sense of how thoughtful the professional is and how well they know major social media channels. The real answer is that it depends on what your business goals are and where your community is. The job of a social media specialist is to find and grow that community using strategies tailored to each platform, whether that’s promoting a blog article on Facebook, using Twitter to field customer service requests, or sharing relevant content on Tumblr.18. What tools do you use to manage your channels?Good social media managers won’t just blast content onto their channels. They will have a deliberate strategy behind their campaigns and use professional tools to monitor their effectiveness. Dashboards like Hootsuite and Sprout Social give social media specialists the ability to both manage channels and perform basic analytics from one interface.19. Tell me about a successful social campaign you’ve run from beginning to end.?Your social media specialist will be responsible for devising and executing campaigns, so you want to get some insight into how they approach their work. Great candidates should be able to articulate the problem they were trying to address, how they set goals, what tactics they used, and how they measured their results. It’s not necessary that the campaign was a smashing success, as long as the professional approached it in a deliberate way while gaining insights that helped them develop better campaigns in the future.20. How do you use social media as a tool for customer service?Ans: This is an opportunity for the professional to demonstrate both their strategic thinking as well as their judgment and soft skills. A good social media specialist should be able to work with your CS team to make sure that they’re providing support that’s helpful and on-brand, and also recognize when it’s better to take the conversation off social media.21. Say there’s a crisis on one of our social media channels. How do you handle it?Nobody likes it, but it’s a fact in today’s digital age: Sometimes things can go wrong on social media. A great social media expert can describe the steps they’d take to resolve the situation. If you have a set of best practices in place, they should follow that plan; if you don’t have one, they should help create it.22. When is it better not to engage on social media?Again, it comes down to judgment. It might be tempting to respond to every negative comment on social media, but a good social media specialist will know how to distinguish between legitimate customer complaints and people who are just looking for attention.23. What makes a piece of social media content successful?A social media strategy is only as good as the content it produces. To be successful, a social media strategist needs more than a flair for click-worthy headlines (though that certainly helps). They need an eye for relevant, shareable content. If they’ve managed a blog before, ask them to share some examples of articles they consider successful.24. Give me a couple of examples of social media experiments you’d like to run with our business.There is no single solution when it comes to social media. Trends change, communities evolve. A good social media specialist is constantly looking for new ways to engage with their audience. They should also know how to use the results of their experiments to inform future campaigns.25. What Is SMO?SMO stands for Social Media optimization and also the processes of accelerating brands, product or events awareness exploitation totally different social media networks, platforms or communities like Facebook, Google+ Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube, etc.26. How Social Media Affects Seo?Now, social media has become the second most significant factors to boost the website’s ranking, traffic, and its visibility. In SEO, social media use to think about as referral supply of traffics that increase social engagement among target users or audiences for specific brands or its product or services. Social media sites are useful in building trust with nice ORM (Online name Management) that pulls search engine eyes principally.27. Outline Lead Generation & Engagement Via Social Media?To get client interest, sales leads or inquiry towards product or services for specific company on-line exploitation social media networks referred to as lead generation whereas engagement suggests that to induce users activities in response to post or updates on social media sites. User activities such as comments click on photos, videos or links, sharing, etc.28. The Way To Get Leads And Engagements Exploitation Social Media Sites?To induce most lead generation and social engagement exploitation social media sites, we will do lots a lot of in social media such as:-To utilize multiple social media channels and their resources.To develop strategy for a long-run set up for every social media channels.To know the demographics and efforts that we’re targeting.To use keywords or phrases for target users.To post often with a nice consistency and trackback its results timely.To have a transparent approach, effort, and understanding for content creation and its selling.To have a target web site/blog links on totally different social media channels and social media links thereon specific target website or blogs. e.g. Sharing, Like, Follow, +1 Buttons, etc that are offered by major social media networks. It will increase the website’s CTR by over one hundred and fiftieth.To use social media tools, apps and plugins for max traffic and engagements. Social media sites offer these tools and code for free and paid basis.29. How Does One Measure Social Media Performance, ROI And Its Success?Totally different social media sites have its own social media tools that permit us to observe social media campaign performance, come on investment and its success. The result might in a positive or negative manner that’s enough for anyone to know their user’s behavior and intent.For Facebook, we will use its own tools – Graph somebody, Insights Dashboard, Object Browser, Ads Manager, Open Graph computer programme, JavaScript check Console, Page Manager App, App Center, scheduled Posts, Sponsored Stories, Dark Posts, Conversion pursuit, Custom Audiences, Power Editor and Interests tools.For Twitter, we will use its own tools – Tweet activity, Twitter Followers, Twitter Card Analytics, Twitter Organic Analytics, Twitter Hashtag Analytics (Using Cybranding), Media Monitoring Made Simple | Influencer Marketing Platform, NeedTagger and Twitter Counter, Twitonomy, Twtrland, Rite Tag, Tweriod and TweetReach etc.For Google+, we will use its own social media tools like Google Universal Analytics, Chrome Do Share Pluggins, Steady Demand Analytics, +Post ads, Google+ Embedded Posts, Google Drive, Hangouts On Air, YouTube Integration, GoMo, etc.30. What Social Media Tools Does One Use?Except for all major social media channels that have its own tools, i exploit Google Analytics, Hootsuite, Onlywire, etc.31. What Are The Advantages To Use Linkedin Teams And Linkedin Pages?There’re numerous thanks to taking edges from LinkedIn teams and Pages. therefore currently let’s point out it.LinkedIn teams permit you to:Expand your reach.Parse data.Expand your connections.Builds leadership.Send direct messages among cluster members.LinkedIn Pages:Provides a professional bit for your whole on its own major platform.Is LinkedIn’s great spot to highlights product or services ahead of millions of registered peoples that are relevant to your target peoples.Allows you to share post, updates, announcement etc as well as made media (photos or videos) to your target market.Let you to act relevant LinkedIn users interest towards your company product or services while not personal contact.Can increase engagement among your target users or audiences via regular standing updates, posts, sharing, discussion, special announcement, etc.32. What’s Your Social Media Strategy For Content Marketing?Expected account this question ought to be like this, my social media strategy for content selling can includes social media and its differing types of available resources to get leads and engagements for a particular target whole or its product or services.And these are:To find out target users with target keywords or phrases.To find out most applicable social media channels to travel ahead.To join community sites with relevant classTo create a social media profile and business pages on prime social media networks.To create relevant however original content for weblog posts, article publication or announcement.To syndicate printed posts, articles, announcement or different relevant updates on social networking sites and social sharing sites, etc.To monitor its success with social media tools like Hootsuite, Analytics etc.33. Why Use # Tag ?# tag are used to make any word or text as a keyword. It is used on Social media like Facebook, Twitter, Google+37. List Of Social Media ?Top social media are; Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Google+, Instagram, Pinterest, Flickr, etc.38. How Do You Measure Social Media Success?Use various tools to check the site optimization, the parameters to check the success of social media success are;The rise in the number of followersIncrease in the number of leadsNumber of Inbound links to your site through social sitesNumber of bloggers comment, social shares and traffic generatedIncrease in the total sales made onlineNumber of Posts publishedNumber of subscription39. Give Some Useful Idea To Increase Traffic On Your Blog?Some tips are given below to increase traffic on your website or blog:Share post on Facebook, Google+, TumblrPin your post to PinterestUse Instagram to share the image or title of your blog post.Target 9:00 pm to 11:00 pm traffic40. Give Tips To Promote Your Blog Or Content On Social Media Sites?You can promote your blog or content on the social media site using Co-Schedule;Schedule your post, Social Sharing Schedule can double your trafficUse a different title for the same blog and schedule the blog postSchedule posting differs for different social sites, for example, you cannot promote the same post to Facebook twice in one day, So you can share your post on Twitter.Interview Questions & Answers On Twitter1. What is the definition of “Twitter impressions”?Impressions represent the total number of times a tweet has appeared on any user feed across the Twitter platform.2. What is the definition of “Twitter engagement”?Engagement is reflective of an actual action taken by a user on a tweet, such as a Favorite, retweet, or reply.3. Are you finding that more people click un-shortened links, rather than shortened links, due to trust and transparency?Trust & transparency depend more on the context given around the link, rather than the way the link is presented.4. How do you balance the popularity of short tweets with in-depth content like ebooks, reports, blogs, whitepapers, and so on?For every tweet linked to an offer, send two short tweets focused on your audience & community engagement.5. What is an average to good expected engagement rate of tweets?An engagement rate above 1%. You can find this in the blue bar graph at the right of your free Twitter Analytics.6. Why favorite a tweet? Isn’t that pretty much like saying, “I like you as a friend but you’re not worth retweeting”?Favoring a tweet is like saying “okay” over text. It shows you acknowledged its existence while recognizing you have nothing else to add.7. Do you prefer to favorite a tweet to show customers you acknowledged their post, instead of responding?All the time. Often, all customers are looking for on Twitter is your acknowledgment of their voice in a matter.8. Do you ever use the favorite button as a bookmark?Using favorites as a bookmarking tool is a great way to store all the tweets you’re interested in referencing later.9. How do you get people to retweet you on Twitter?Tweet content worth sharing! Data shows that, when appropriate, asking for an RT generates 4x more retweets.Building & Reaching an Audience on Twitter10. How do’s one appeal to an audience that is not already interested?Publish tweets about interests mutual to your business and your audience such as world news, inspirational quotes, or industry data.11. People only see your tweets if they already follow you, right?With a public account, your tweets can be seen by anyone. They’ll appear in the feeds of your followers, and may also appear as recommended content for others.12. When I tweet, do I address it to a specific person, or am I putting it out there to anyone who is paying attention?If you’re trying to talk specifically to a user, including their handle at the beginning (e.g. @anum). Otherwise, tweet for all to see!13. How can you tell if people are interacting with your tweet?If your tweet doesn’t receive a favorite, retweet, or reply (indicating interaction), you can look at your free Twitter Analytics to see the number of clicks it received.Using Hashtags on Twitter14. What are some of the most effective ways to use hashtags?Hashtags are best used to expand the reach of your tweet. Here’s a simple guide on exactly how marketers can use them15. How much hashtagging is too much?We’ve found that tweets with 1-2 hashtags generate more engagement than tweets with three or more.16. Which tool should we use to graph hashtag usage?Plug your hashtag (or any search term) into Topsy to generate a free graph on its usage.17. How do you find the best hashtag?Organizing the world's hashtags, providing hashtag analytics and tracking displays the most popular hashtags across various categories. It also allows you to search for the popularity of other hashtags.18. Is it better to use a hashtag within the core sentence of the tweet or attached at the end of the tweet?If the hashtag fits naturally within your copy, include it. Otherwise, place the hashtag at the end of the tweet.19. Should hashtags be included in user profiles?Hashtags in a user profile can help your profile appear in the “People” tab in Twitter search results for the searched hashtag.Using Visuals & Media on Twitter20. Should all my tweets have links or rich media?Every tweet should have a clickable component that connects it to a larger message, whether that’s a hashtag, link, or rich media.21. How do you get your photos to appear in tweets?When you go to compose a tweet, a little camera icon will appear. Click on it to attach a photo to your tweet.22. What’s the best practice for using Twitter to promote or distribute video content?Use the same techniques used for sharing links: Provide context on what the video is and give a reason for users to click it.23. Is there a danger to using too much text in a picture?A picture truly is worth a thousand words — let the visual speak for itself, and use your copy to add any needed commentary.Timing Your Tweets on Twitter24. Is it possible to schedule tweets?You can schedule tweets using a third-party service such as HubSpot’s Social Inbox.25. How much time should I give between tweets?Anything more than two tweets an hour results in a drop in clickthrough rate per tweet. (More on this tweet pace here.)26. How often should I tweet without a link back to my site?There isn’t a set number. Experiment with publishing tweets with and without links to discover what works best for your business.27. Should a series be published all in one day?As long as the tweet series is connected through a hashtag identifying the series, you can release the tweets in any time frame.28. What is the best time to release a tweet?Monday through Thursday between 1:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m. ET. Find information on when to tweet here.29. What’s the optimal amount of tweets to send in a day? How much tweeting is too much?Anything more than 14 tweets per day typically results in a decrease in engagement.30. How often can you retweet the same content before it starts getting ignored?Tweets have fairly short lifespans, so don’t feel guilty for reposting the same tweets numerous times.Using Twitter Advertising31. How can you create ads, save them, and tweet them at a later date and time?When crafting an ad in the Twitter Ad interface, there will be a button to save for a later launch.32. What’s a Twitter card? How do you make one?Twitter Cards allow you to attach photos, videos, or media to tweets that drive traffic to your website. Learn how to create them here.33. Where do leads from my Twitter Cards go?Leads from Twitter Cards are stored in your Twitter Ads account (or synced automatically to your marketing automation tool, if you have one). You can access and export them at any time.34. What is the cost difference for a promoted tweet with a visual versus a text-only tweet?While there is no built-in cost difference, some have found including visuals cut cost-per-engagement in half.35. How do you connect with users who have a private account?You can request to follow them. Beyond that, you cannot force interaction with a user who has chosen to remain private.36. Is there a way for a Twitter user to know how many people have subscribed to phone text alerts?No. SMS subscriptions are intended for users to receive text alerts for tweet types they choose. Another user cannot access this information.37. My boss doesn’t think Twitter is “serious” enough – any tips here?This post covers four different ways you can convince your boss to invest in social media marketing.38. Does posting via a third party app get penalized by social media networks like Twitter?No. In fact, Twitter owns third-party app TweetDeck, so it would hurt them as an overall business to implement such penalties.39. Is Twitter for Dummies available as an online download?No, but you can order your own copy from here.40. Do you see any data around using emojis to help drive engagement?BufferApp found that emoticons on Facebook increased social shares by 33%. There may be a similar result on Twitter, but no Twitter-specific data exists currently.Google Analytics Interview Questions & Answers1. What is Google Analytics?A free website analysis platform offered by Google that helps marketers track and report site movements.Once you integrate its script to the website, you can track the performance of your website in different forms e.g. user’s engagement, conversions, and visitor’s flow.Google Analytics helps you analyze the information about the performance of your site and guide you in making decisions to improve the site traffic and revenue.Know here the awesome things you can do with Google Analytics.2. What are Google Analytics Goals?Goals can be understood as the key site activities that you need to screen in Google Analytics. Such site activities are considered as Google Analytics Goals that marketers use to gauge which kind of campaign is working well with guests and which do not. Different Google Analytics Goals are-A destination which is a specific location within your site.The duration that helps you know how long your guest’s site visits last.Page Visit tells you about the pages and visitors during a single visit.Events let you know about the actions visitors take during a visit such as ad clicks or social media shares.3. What is meant by conversions and how will you track conversions through GA?Again a very common question suggested by most of Google Analytics Questions & Answers Guides. A conversion occurs when your predefined Google Analytics goals are accomplished thereby generating revenues to the business.It can also be understood as when a user takes any desired action on the site such as filling the form or signing up or purchasing a product etc.Goals are used in Google Analytics to set the conversion tracking.4. What is meant by KPI in Analytics?The full form of KPI is Key Performance Indicators. According to Google Analytics Questions and Answers Guide, KPI metrics helps marketers analyze their websites based on different business objectives. Some of the notable examples of KPIs are-UsersSessionsAvg TimeBounce RateConversion rate etc.5. What is a session?Whenever a user visits a website, the session gets started. In Google Analytics, a session can last for 30 minutes even if you do not do any activity.A new session starts in Google analytics if your source changes.For instance, one session will start if you visit from organic results, but if you open the same site from PPC then next session will get started.6. Which is more important – Bounce Rate or Exit RateBoth are equally essential when measuring the site performance, however, their importance relies upon the number of components like a high leave rate of a contact page/thanks page or a channel’s end page.7. Would I be able to track my Google AdSense Campaigns with Google Analytics?Indeed, Google Analytics measures the accomplishment of your Google AdSense Campaigns.If you will likely make income through AdSense exercises, Google Analytics Questions and Answers 2017 Guide recommends using Google Analytics’ Pages report.This will provide you a point-by-point report of which site page performed best in regards to making AdSense income.8. What is implied by Conversions and in what manner will you track conversions through GA?In most of Google Analytics interview questions and answers, you will find this one. Conversions actually occur when any predefined targets get accomplished. You can track conversion by-Building your tracking URLUsing your tracking URLDefining your goal9. How can you track and enhance e-commerce sales via Google Analytics?You can use Google Analytics’ Goal Funnel feature to examine the general achievement of your e-commerce activities. It can directly take you through individual Shopping Basket Exchanges and can help you track the sales conversions and other related goals.10. What is benchmarking?Benchmarking metric encourages marketers to compare site’s performance to previous results and to your industry’s average. It is quite useful in offering valuable context to your business by giving you insights about the industry trends that help you compare your indicators to competitors.11. What is Funnel in Goals?Funnel in Goals can be understood as the arrangement of pages, which are expected to be accessed to reach the destination page to finish the objective. For instance, funnel of an e-commerce site can be- Add to Cart => Sign in/Sing up => Add Address => Make Payment => Thank you Page.12. What is Acquisition report in Google Analytics?This is one of the most important Google Analytics Questions & Answers that include knowledge about different online marketing tactics that are bringing the most visitors to your site.Acquisition report gives a window about the user Acquisition by channels, keywords, campaign, and source media. The Acquisition report updates you about the origin of your site visitors such as search engines, social networks or website referrals.13. What is Behavior in Google Analytics?Behavior reports help you know how visitors move through your website and how they interact with your content.It helps you optimize your website performance and conversions as per the behavioral preferences of your site visitors.This helps you assess the performance of your content and the actions visitors take on your website.14. What is Report in Google Analytics?A report in Google Analytics is used to identify the landing pages that should be reworked or redesigned to be more viable and you need to go through the details of the report in Google Analytics while preparing for Google Analytics Questions and Answers.15. How many types of custom Reports are there in Google Analytics?There are 3 types of custom Reports in Google Analytics-ExplorerFlat TableMap Overlay16. What is Map overlay?Map overlay includes a Map of the world of different regions and countries. To indicate the traffic and engagement volume, it displays relevant locations in darker colors.17. What is site search button?This is one of the most important Google Analytics Questions and Answers for E-Commerce sites. With Site Search Button, you can know what the people are searching for when they come to your site18. Define Cohort in Google Analytics?Cohort can be understood as a group of users who share the same content at same time. Cohort includes four sections-Cohort typeCohort sizeMetricDate range19. How can you identify the keywords that are sending paid traffic to your site?By using Keyword Column in Google Analytics, you can see the traffic that is coming from organic and paid sources.20. How can you identify where your site visitors are clicking the most?In-Page Analytics of Google Analytics tells you about where your site visitors are clicking the most.21. How can I track user engagement on websites that prefer using Flash or AJAX and are located on one HTML page?To track user engagement on such websites, you can use Event Tracking or you can track interactions as Pageviews and set goals.22. What are the three elements of Event Tracking?Three elements of event tracking are-CategoriesActionsLabels23. How can you set up and install tracking for mobile apps?Different steps to set up and installing tracking for mobile apps are-Enable app install tracking in your account for Android and iOSUpdate your Analytics SDK for Android and iOSSet up Custom Campaigns.24. What is RPC in Google Analytics?Full form of RPC is Revenue per Click, which is one of the most important metrics in Google Analytics for E-Commerce tracking and also amongst the most asked Google Analytics Questions and Answers.25. How can you identify the most popular pages of your site in Google Analytics?You can find out the top 10 trending content on your site by using Behavior Section in your Google Analytics.26. What is the difference between Clicks and Visits?Again one of the frequently asked Google Analytics Questions and Answers. Clicks can be understood as action performed on a site or a particular product while the spending of time by users on a site is called visit.27. Name the different types of product linking in Google Analytics?There are ten types of Product Linking in Google Analytics-Adwords linkingAd sense linkingAd exchange linkingBigQueryDoubleClick Bid Manager (DBM)DoubleClick Campaign ManagerDoubleClick SearchGoogle PlayPostbacksSearch Console28. What is the formula of ROI?This is again one of the most common questions of Google Analytics Questions and Answers Guides and you have to be aware of this one. ROI is actually Return on Investments and the formula to calculate this is- (Revenue – Cost) / Cost.29. What are the top channels Google Analytics uses to track your traffic sources?Top Channels that Google Analytics uses to track traffic sources are-Organic SearchPaid SearchDirectReferralSocialOthers30. How can you create your goal in Google Analytics?For creating your goal in Google Analytics, you need to follow below given four steps-Click “Admin” in the navigation barClick “Goals” under ViewSteps to create goals in Google AnalyticsClick “+New GoalCreate your goal by following the wizarSteps to create goals in Google AnalyticsGoogle Adwords Interview Questions & Answer1. Explain what is google AdWords?AdWords is a system that Google has created to accommodate in marketing product or services on Google search engine and its affiliated sites. It appears as a text ad that is displayed when people search for keywords that are linked with your product, service or an offering.2. Explain how Adwords work?AdWords directly works under a bidding system and by bidding I mean the price of a particular add. More the price, higher the ranking of the add. Also, these AdWords work on ‘pay per click’ which means you only pay the amount you have quoted, only if somebody clicks on your add.3. Explain what is ad rank?Ad rank basically determines the position of your ad on Google page and it is determined by one’s bid for the keyword.4. Explain what is quality score?The quality score of Google ensures the viability of your ad to the user, primarily based on your ad’s CTR, i.e. the quality of your landing page and its keyword relevance. Better the quality score, you’ll be able to save money on your ads and also maintain a better ranking.5. What are google ad extensions?The Google Ad extensions are mentioned as following:SitelinksCall ExtensionsLocation ExtensionMobile app extensionsOffer AdsReview extensionImage and drop down navigation Ad extension6. What is the formulas for CTR(Click Through Rate)?The formula to find CTR is as follows- (Total clicks / Total impressions) X 100.7. What is the difference between CPM, CPC, CPV bidding?CPM: Cost Per Thousand is the amount you pay per thousand impressions that you receive, the amount has no relation with ad clicks.CPC: Cost Per Click is the amount that you agree with the advertiser to pay only for the clicks you receive on your landing page.CPV: is when advertisers pay for each unique user view of an advertisement or website (usually used with pop-ups, pop-unders, and interstitial ads). Cost per view on youtube is more aligned with video marketing, where you pay Google for viewing your ad. CPV may also mean cost per visitor where an advertiser pays you for driving each unique visitor to her site.8. Why do you think PPC is important in Digital Marketing?PPC is important in digital marketing for the following reasons:You can reach the right customer at the right time.PPC shows results quickly as compared to organic campaigns.PPC can be effective in advertising odd products which are difficult to find easily.9. Which setting cannot be changed after creating an AdWords account?Time zone and currency10. What is the difference between clicks and impression?Every time a user views the ad, it is called an impression (whether a user clicks on the ad or not), whereas a click is considered when the user clicks on the ad.11. What is Ad rotation?If you have multiple ads within an ad group your ad will rotate because no more than one add from your account can show at a time.12. What is Remarketing?Remarketing helps you reach people who have visited your website or used your app13. How can you improve conversion Rate?To target users to the campaign for boosting conversions, one has to create ads that match properly with keywords and create tightly themed ad groups.14. What do you know about Google Adwords?It is based on the Pay per Click model and is the sole proven PPC ad system on the planet. It encourages business to create advertisements that will be shown on Google.15. Describe what is Pay Per Click advertising or PPC?Pay Per Click otherwise called Cost Per Click happens to be a technique used to guide traffic to sites. In this method, advertisers pay the publisher (website proprietor or the host of the site) when the advertisement is clicked. As such, it is the sum spent to get an ad. to be clicked.Get to know about both PPC and Google Adwords in greater detail, with the help of Digital Marketing courses.