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Lifestyle choices.Contrary to common opinion, it is not because they tend to live in remote areas. Life expectancy for non-Aboriginal people in very remote areas is actually higher than it for people in regional and remote areas, and only 0.5 years less than in cities.It's lifestyle choices, from Life expectancy (AIHW)What are the leading causes of excess Indigenous mortality?The causes of death with the largest contribution to excess mortality among Indigenous males are circulatory diseases (26%), external causes (20%), neoplasms (10%), respiratory diseases (10%), and endocrine, metabolic and nutritional disorders (9%).For Indigenous females, the causes of death with the largest contribution to excess mortality are circulatory diseases (24%), endocrine, metabolic and nutritional disorders (18%), digestive diseases (10%), neoplasms (9%) and respiratory diseases (9%).From ages 35-54, the ratio of Indigenous to non-Indigenous death rates is highest for diabetes, diseases of the liver, chronic lower respiratory disease and ischaemic heart disease.Diabetes, liver disease, respiratory disease and heart disease are all heavily affected by lifestyle, particularly diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking.Alcohol:"the burden of disease associated with alcohol use by Indigenous Australians is almost double that of the general Australian population" (from Page on ecu.edu.au)Smoking:"Indigenous people represent 3%1 of the Western Australian population, with about 44.2% of Indigenous adults being current daily smokers. Smoking causes serious health problems for all smokers. However the higher prevalence of smoking among Indigenous people contributes significantly to their higher rates of hospitalisation and death from diseases caused by tobacco. Among Indigenous Australians, tobacco use is responsible for 12% of the overall disease burden and 20% of deaths" (from Page on cancerwa.asn.au )Diet:"In 2004–05, 6.3% (29,874) of Indigenous Australians had diabetes, based on self-reports.Diabetes among Indigenous Australians was 3 times as common as in non-Indigenous Australians according to the 2004–05 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey, after taking into account differences in age structure (Figure 1).Type 1 diabetes is uncommon in the Indigenous population, but there is a very high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes.Indigenous Australians were 7 times as likely as non-Indigenous Australians to have diabetes recorded on their death certificate for the period 2003–2007. " From: Populations of interest . Note that Type 2 diabetes (unlike Type 1) is caused by lifestyle, particularly high consumption of sugar, alcohol and obesity.What risk factors contribute to excess Indigenous mortality?Previous research has revealed that a range of risk factors contribute to excess Indigenous mortality, including tobacco smoking, excessive alcoholconsumption, high overweight/obesity, poor nutrition and lower utilisation of health services. (From; Page on aihw.gov.auThese three factors - diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking pretty much account for all the differences in life expectancy. All lifestyle choices.

Every country is going to have their own system of counting.While some countries have been less than honest, many of the very large discrepancies in deaths, cases and reality are simply due to the inherent differences in counting.Many cases in Italy were never counted—some nursing homes lost 1/3 of their populations without a single test, and thus without a single COVID-19 death.““There are significant numbers of people who have died but whose death hasn’t been attributed to the coronavirus because they died at home or in a nursing home and so they weren’t swabbed,” said Giorgio Gori, mayor of the town of Bergamo. “Now, does this matter?““There has obviously been an increase in deaths. You just have to look at the local daily (newspaper) in Cremona. Normally there’s a page of death notices. Today there were five.” “I would argue that it does. If you don’t know the extent of the problem, especially early on in vulnerable populations, it is easy to overlook what should be done.China has been attacked relentlessly for “covering things up”.As the first country hit by the pandemic, there are pretty obvious reasons why testing wasn’t exactly at scale. Certainly at least thousands of cases were missed.Countries like the UK aren’t testing all that much—you have to have severe symptoms to get a test. So you get a false sense of security because cases are relatively low.Other countries, like the US, had miserable testing, but then scaled things up rapidly—causing it to appear like cases were exploding with an R10 when in fact the disease was at an R2–3, as it always was.Countries like Germany, Iceland and South Korea are testing as much as possible, and thus have a lot of cases, but not many deaths.Some countries call a death with a preexisting condition to be a death from diabetes, for example. Or cancer. Others call that COVID-19, even without a test. It’s up to every country to decide how they want to count.I really don’t think any countries are spectacularly misreporting data any more so than any other country — on the whole, they’re all pretty bad at it, some are just worse.Check out my Space, follow me on Instagram for daily diet and training tips! Subscribe to my YouTube channel for longer form, informative content. Or both. Keep that immune system strong!

Thank you for A2A Rohit.It is an interesting question.Nobody even outside quora has asked me this question.Here I will write what I do in my office hours(as a home maker) only. Not what I do after office hours.I have outsourced these jobs of an home maker to my domestic help( I will not call her maid servant).1.Washing dishes 2.sweeping and mopping floor 3.drying clothes 4. Half of misc jobs( I called it half because I also will take part in doing those jobs) which will be different every day.Had I not been suffering from vertigo , knee pain and age I would not have outsourced the 4th job.OK I will start with my office hours. During different times I assume different roles.8 am to 9.45 am: During this time I assume the role of ‘chief chef’ (I think I have to omit the word ‘chief’ here, because I don’t have any assistants). I prepare breakfast, lunch and dinner( yes I prepare food for both times in the morning itself). Clean the kitchen after cooking.9.45 am to 10 am: Chief cleaning officer: I do washing machine stuff here. Separate white and colored clothes. Separate the clothes to be hand washed, clean cuffs and collars with ‘cuffs and collars’ liquid, put the clothes in washing machine and start.10 am to 11 am: Maintenance officer: My domestic help comes at 10 am(that is her office time).My self and my domestic help both take up the job of ‘House maintenance’. This is what I have mentioned at point no 4 above. This will be one of the following.Dusting furniture, organizing clothes in cupboards , Drying all clothes in sun which are not used frequently( this will remove the musty smell from clothes), organizing books in our library(we have huge collection of books),Changing curtains and sofa covers,spring cleaning the kitchen,cleaning the refrigerator,dusting and arranging show pieces (we have a huge collection) in show cases,cleaning bath rooms including walls, washing and polishing all brass things in the house and many others like this.The task is usually completed within the allocated time. But if on any day the time is extended, I pay her ‘over time wages’ . These over time wages will be in the form of cash ,any old clothes or any unused utensils.11 am to 12 noon:(now starts the white collar job): This is when I assume the role of chief secretary. No, I think home secretary is a better description.I sit before my laptop and do the jobs like payment of electricity bills, telephone bills, booking and cancelling(yes it happens very frequently) tickets with IRCTC(we frequently travel),Ordering regular items from Amazon, go to internet banking site and check bank balances in various accounts, and many such online jobs.Whenever there is any new document in our house, I scan it and keep a digital copy of it in my computer. So we have digital copies of all our documents like Aadhar cards, pan cards,bank pass book first pages,children’s certificates,house documents and any thing and every thing we need in future. We usually don’t run to xerox shops for copies whenever needed. I just take out a printout with my laser printer.Though not regularly I take up these jobs also: Filing IT returns of both my self and my husband at the end of the financial year online, apply on line for renewal of our Passports and Visa( we don’t give this job to any outside agent), booking flight tickets when we visit US(yes it is done by me not by my son. Though he reimburses the expenses :) ) I do all these jobs single handed.We regularly do blood tests for diabetes and Lipid profile. I record all the result of these tests in an Excel work sheet and study it regularly. I also order medicines online.3 pm to 5 pm: Research assistant: I do some some research on health foods by watching YouTube videos.Yes I take ‘casual leave’ some times but I need not apply for the leave. On leave day I order food from outside and I give holiday to my domestic help.OK bye for now. It is already a long answer.