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How long has the sea level been rising due to melting ice, and how low did it used to be?

Changes in sea level since the end of the last glacial episodeSince the last glacial maximum about 20,000 years ago, the sea level has risen by more than 125 metres (410 ft), with rates varying from less than a mm/year to 40+ mm/year, as a result of melting ice sheets over Canada and Eurasia. Rapid disintegration of ice sheets led to so called 'meltwater pulses', periods during which sea level rose rapidly. The rate of rise started to slow down 8.2 thousand years before present; the sea level was almost constant in the last 2,500 years, before the recent rising trend starting approximately in 1850.Sea level rise - WikipediaSea levels stabilized around 4,000 years ago. From Shakun 2015:Regional and global forcing of glacier retreat during the last deglaciationThen AGW kicked in.http://www.climatecentral.org/ga...The rise in sea levels is linked to three primary factors, all induced by this ongoing global climate change.Thermal Expansion: When water heats up, it expands. About half of the past century's rise in sea level is attributable to warmer oceans simply occupying more space.Melting Glaciers and Polar Ice Caps: Large ice formations, like glaciers and the polar ice caps, naturally melt back a bit each summer. In the winter, snows, primarily from evaporated seawater, are generally sufficient to balance out the melting. Recently, though, persistently higher temperatures caused by global warming have led to greater than average summer melting as well as diminished snowfall due to later winters and earlier springs. This imbalance results in a significant net gain in the ratio of runoff to ocean evaporation, causing sea levels to rise.Ice Loss from Greenland and West Antarctica: As with the glaciers and ice caps, increased heat is causing the massive ice sheets that cover Greenland and Antarctica to melt at an accelerated pace. Scientists also believe melt water from above and seawater from below is seeping beneath Greenland's and West Antarctica's ice sheets, effectively lubricating ice streams and causing them to move more quickly into the sea. Higher sea temperatures are causing the massive ice shelves that extend out from Antarctica to melt from below, weaken, and break off.Apart from the above there is evidence that this has happened before in the Earths cycle but this was kept in check due to no human interference making things far worse.There was a huge climate report out just now from the USA:Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4)The report was peer reviewed by the National Academy of Sciences, the academy founded by Abraham Lincoln.They have 200 Nobel Prize winners among their members.Global mean sea level (GMSL) has risen by about 7–8 inches (about 16–21 cm) since 1900, with about 3 of those inches (about 7 cm) occurring since 1993 (very high confidence). Human-caused climate change has made a substantial contribution to GMSL rise since 1900 (high confidence).Climate Science Special Report: Sea Level RiseNOAA: Sea level has been rising over the past century, and the rate has increased in recent decades. In 2016, global sea level was 3.2 inches (82 mm) above the 1993 average—the highest annual average in the satellite record (1993-present).The most respected reconstruction of global sea level during that time based on the global network of tide gauges is from Church & White:A plot of the PSMSL tide-gauge station data aggregated into a GMSL data set by Church & White [1]. There are significant changepoints at around 1934 and 2000, with the slope of the most recent segment being 4.1 mm/yr. (This is fairly consistent with Yi et al. 2015 [2], which finds that since 2010 global mean sea level "has been rising at a rate of 4.4 ± 0.5mm/yr for more than 3 years, due to an increase in the rate of both land ice loss and steric change.") Since there's a temporal increase in the rate of SLR for each segment, SLR is accelerating in this data set.1. Church JA and White NJ: Sea-level rise from the late 19th to the early 21st century. Surveys in Geophysics 32(4–5):585–602, 2011. dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10712-011-9119-12. Yi S, Sun W, Heki K, Qian A: An increase in the rate of global mean sea level rise since 2010. Geophysical Research Letters 42(10):3998–4006, 2015. dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063902Anthropogenic forcing dominates global mean sea-level rise since 1970Slangen et al 2016, Human activities are the dominant contribution to SLR since 1970. Anthropogenic forcing dominates global mean sea-level rise since 1970 "the anthropogenic forcing (primarily a balance between a positive sea-level contribution from GHGs and a partially offsetting component from anthropogenic aerosols) explains only 15 ± 55% of the observations before 1950, but increases to become the dominant contribution to sea-level rise after 1970 (69 ± 31%), reaching 72 ± 39% in 2000 (37 ± 38% over the period 1900–2005)"Takeaways:1. Although natural variations in radiative forcing affect decadal trends, they have little effect over the twentieth century as a whole2. In 1900, sea level was not in equilibrium with the twentieth-century climate, and there is a continuing, but diminishing, contribution to sea-level change from this historic variability3. The anthropogenic contribution increases during the twentieth century, and becomes the dominant contribution by the end of the century. Our twentieth-century number of 37 ± 38% confirms the anthropogenic lower limit of 45%4. Our results clearly show that the anthropogenic influence is not just present in some of the individual contributors to sea-level change, but actually dominates total sea-level change after 1970Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 °C global warming could be dangerous.https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/...FUTURE SEA LEVEL RISELatest research:The rate of global sea level rise has been accelerating in recent decades, rather than increasing steadily, according to a new study based on 25 years of NASA and European satellite data. The new research suggests he world’s oceans will be on average at least 60 cm (23.6 inches)higher by the end of the century.Satellite observations show sea levels rising, and climate change is accelerating itNew study finds sea level rise accelerating – Climate Change: Vital Signs of the PlanetSea level rise is happening now, and the rate at which it is rising is increasing every year, according to a study released Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Researchers, led by University of Colorado-Boulder professor of aerospace engineering sciences Steve Nerem, used satellite data dating to 1993 to observe the levels of the world's oceans.Using satellite data rather than tide-gauge data that is normally used to measure sea levels allows for more precise estimates of global sea level, since it provides measurements of the open ocean.- Brandon Miller, CNN, Feb 12, 2017https://www.theguardian.com/envi...http://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/1...http://www.pnas.org/content/earl...Antarctic Modeling Pushes Up Sea-Level Rise ProjectionsTHE NEW ESTIMATE OF 60 CM IS WITHIN THE RANGE OF PREDICTIONS FROM THE TWO MAIN CLIMATE REPORTS IN RECENT YEARS:Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4)Relative to the year 2000, GMSL is very likely to rise by 0.3–0.6 feet (9–18 cm) by 2030, 0.5–1.2 feet (15–38 cm) by 2050, and 1.0–4.3 feet (30–130 cm) by 2100 (very high confidencehttps://science2017.globalchange...IPCC:For high emissions IPCC now predicts a global rise by 52-98 cm by the year 2100, which would threaten the survival of coastal cities and entire island nations.Sea level in the 5th IPCC reportBONUS:WHY SEA LEVEL RISE IS NOT UNIFORMNOAA:“Sea level rise at specific locations may be more or less than the global average due to local factors: subsidence, upstream flood control, erosion, regional ocean currents, and whether the land is still rebounding from the compressive weight of Ice Age glaciers."IPCC:FAQ 13.1 | Why Does Local Sea Level Change Differ from the Global Average? Shifting surface winds, the expansion of warming ocean water, and the addition of melting ice can alter ocean currents which, in turn, lead to changes in sea level that vary from place to place. Past and present variations in the distribution of land ice affect the shape and gravitational field of the Earth, which also cause regional fluctuations in sea level. Additional variations in sea level are caused by the influence of more localized processes such as sediment compaction and tectonics.

How much have sea levels measurably risen since 1900 A.D.?

There was a huge climate report out just now from the USA:The report was peer reviewed by the National Academy of Sciences, the academy founded by Abraham Lincoln.They have 200 Nobel Prize winners among their members.Global mean sea level (GMSL) has risen by about 7–8 inches (about 16–21 cm) since 1900, with about 3 of those inches (about 7 cm) occurring since 1993 (very high confidence). Human-caused climate change has made a substantial contribution to GMSL rise since 1900 (high confidence).Climate Science Special Report: Sea Level RiseNOAA: Sea level has been rising over the past century, and the rate has increased in recent decades. In 2016, global sea level was 3.2 inches (82 mm) above the 1993 average—the highest annual average in the satellite record (1993-present).The most respected reconstruction of global sea level during that time based on the global network of tide gauges is from Church & White:A plot of the PSMSL tide-gauge station data aggregated into a GMSL data set by Church & White [1]. There are significant changepoints at around 1934 and 2000, with the slope of the most recent segment being 4.1 mm/yr. (This is fairly consistent with Yi et al. 2015 [2], which finds that since 2010 global mean sea level "has been rising at a rate of 4.4 ± 0.5mm/yr for more than 3 years, due to an increase in the rate of both land ice loss and steric change.") Since there's a temporal increase in the rate of SLR for each segment, SLR is accelerating in this data set.1. Church JA and White NJ: Sea-level rise from the late 19th to the early 21st century. Surveys in Geophysics 32(4–5):585–602, 2011. dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10712-011-9119-12. Yi S, Sun W, Heki K, Qian A: An increase in the rate of global mean sea level rise since 2010. Geophysical Research Letters 42(10):3998–4006, 2015. dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063902Sea levels stabilized around 4,000 years ago. From Shakun 2015:Then AGW kicked in:http://www.climatecentral.org/ga..._________________________________________________________________Slangen et al 2016, Human activities are the dominant contribution to SLR since 1970. Anthropogenic forcing dominates global mean sea-level rise since 1970 "the anthropogenic forcing (primarily a balance between a positive sea-level contribution from GHGs and a partially offsetting component from anthropogenic aerosols) explains only 15 ± 55% of the observations before 1950, but increases to become the dominant contribution to sea-level rise after 1970 (69 ± 31%), reaching 72 ± 39% in 2000 (37 ± 38% over the period 1900–2005)"Takeaways:1. Although natural variations in radiative forcing affect decadal trends, they have little effect over the twentieth century as a whole2. In 1900, sea level was not in equilibrium with the twentieth-century climate, and there is a continuing, but diminishing, contribution to sea-level change from this historic variability3. The anthropogenic contribution increases during the twentieth century, and becomes the dominant contribution by the end of the century. Our twentieth-century number of 37 ± 38% confirms the anthropogenic lower limit of 45%4. Our results clearly show that the anthropogenic influence is not just present in some of the individual contributors to sea-level change, but actually dominates total sea-level change after 1970Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 °C global warming could be dangerous.https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/3761/2016/How sea level is measured from satellites to great accuracy:“The Jason Continuity of Service (Jason-CS) mission on the Sentinel-6 spacecraft is an international partnership between the U.S. and Europe. Jason-CS/Sentinel-6 includes two identical satellites scheduled to launch in 2020 (satellite A) and 2025 (satellite B). These satellites will carry the record of sea level change – used by agencies, oceanographers, climate scientists, and many more – into its fourth decade.”Jason-CS (Sentinel-6)FUTURE SEA LEVEL RISELatest research:The rate of global sea level rise has been accelerating in recent decades, rather than increasing steadily, according to a new study based on 25 years of NASA and European satellite data. The new research suggests he world’s oceans will be on average at least 60 cm (23.6 inches)higher by the end of the century.Satellite observations show sea levels rising, and climate change is accelerating itNew study finds sea level rise accelerating – Climate Change: Vital Signs of the PlanetSea level rise is happening now, and the rate at which it is rising is increasing every year, according to a study released Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Researchers, led by University of Colorado-Boulder professor of aerospace engineering sciences Steve Nerem, used satellite data dating to 1993 to observe the levels of the world's oceans.Using satellite data rather than tide-gauge data that is normally used to measure sea levels allows for more precise estimates of global sea level, since it provides measurements of the open ocean.- Brandon Miller, CNN, Feb 12, 2017https://www.theguardian.com/envi...http://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/1...http://www.pnas.org/content/earl...Antarctic Modeling Pushes Up Sea-Level Rise ProjectionsTHE NEW ESTIMATE OF 60 CM IS WITHIN THE RANGE OF PREDICTIONS FROM THE 2 MAIN CLIMATE REPORTS:Relative to the year 2000, GMSL is very likely to rise by 0.3–0.6 feet (9–18 cm) by 2030, 0.5–1.2 feet (15–38 cm) by 2050, and 1.0–4.3 feet (30–130 cm) by 2100 (very high confidencehttps://science2017.globalchange...IPCC:For high emissions IPCC now predicts a global rise by 52-98 cm by the year 2100, which would threaten the survival of coastal cities and entire island nations.Sea level in the 5th IPCC reportBONUS:The rise in sea levels is linked to three primary factors, all induced by this ongoing global climate change.Thermal Expansion: When water heats up, it expands. About half of the past century's rise in sea level is attributable to warmer oceans simply occupying more space.Melting Glaciers and Polar Ice Caps: Large ice formations, like glaciers and the polar ice caps, naturally melt back a bit each summer. In the winter, snows, primarily from evaporated seawater, are generally sufficient to balance out the melting. Recently, though, persistently higher temperatures caused by global warming have led to greater than average summer melting as well as diminished snowfall due to later winters and earlier springs. This imbalance results in a significant net gain in the ratio of runoff to ocean evaporation, causing sea levels to rise.Ice Loss from Greenland and West Antarctica: As with the glaciers and ice caps, increased heat is causing the massive ice sheets that cover Greenland and Antarctica to melt at an accelerated pace. Scientists also believe melt water from above and seawater from below is seeping beneath Greenland's and West Antarctica's ice sheets, effectively lubricating ice streams and causing them to move more quickly into the sea. Higher sea temperatures are causing the massive ice shelves that extend out from Antarctica to melt from below, weaken, and break off.Apart from the above there is evidence that this has happened before in the Earths cycle but this was kept in check due to no human interference making things far worse.WHY SEA LEVEL RISE IS NOT UNIFORMNOAA:“Sea level rise at specific locations may be more or less than the global average due to local factors: subsidence, upstream flood control, erosion, regional ocean currents, and whether the land is still rebounding from the compressive weight of Ice Age glaciers."IPCC:FAQ 13.1 | Why Does Local Sea Level Change Differ from the Global Average? Shifting surface winds, the expansion of warming ocean water, and the addition of melting ice can alter ocean currents which, in turn, lead to changes in sea level that vary from place to place. Past and present variations in the distribution of land ice affect the shape and gravitational field of the Earth, which also cause regional fluctuations in sea level. Additional variations in sea level are caused by the influence of more localized processes such as sediment compaction and tectonics.

If so much global warming has occurred in the last 100 years, then why is sea level rise only a few millimeters a year?

Its accelerating.http://www.climatecentral.org/ga...SATELLITE DATA:HOW DO WE KNOW?There are nearly 4000 robots in the worlds oceans sending back information.Sea surface height are determined BY SATELLITES based on the time it takes each pulse to travel from the satellite to the ocean and back again.Latest science projects a rise of 60 cm by 2100There are nearly 4000 robots in the worlds oceans sending back information.The robots have been marine scientists since 1999, and it is the United States that has put most of them out. They primarily supply data on temperature and salt content, which among other things can say something about the temperature rise in the sea.Every dot is a marine research robot.Nesten 4000 roboter leverer forskningsdata fra havetHow sea level is measured from satellites to great accuracy:The satellites will carry several instruments (JPG, 100 KB) to support science goals. A Radar Altimeter will bounce signals off the ocean surface. Sea surface height will be determined based on the time it takes each pulse to travel from the satellite to the ocean and back again.Jason-CS (Sentinel-6)"Intended to last just five years in orbit for a limited, experimental mission to measure small changes in the Earth's gravitational fields, GRACE operated for more than 15 years and provided unprecedented insight into our global water resources, from more accurate measurements of polar ice loss to a better view of the ocean currents, and the rise in global sea levels."GRACE Mission Data Contributes to Our Understanding of Climate Change“The Jason Continuity of Service (Jason-CS) mission on the Sentinel-6 spacecraft is an international partnership between the U.S. and Europe. Jason-CS/Sentinel-6 includes two identical satellites scheduled to launch in 2020 (satellite A) and 2025 (satellite B). These satellites will carry the record of sea level change – used by agencies, oceanographers, climate scientists, and many more – into its fourth decade.”The rise in sea levels is linked to three primary factors, all induced by this ongoing global climate change.Thermal Expansion: When water heats up, it expands. About half of the past century's rise in sea level is attributable to warmer oceans simply occupying more space. Why greenhouse gases heat the oceanMelting Glaciers and Polar Ice Caps: Large ice formations, like glaciers and the polar ice caps, naturally melt back a bit each summer. In the winter, snows, primarily from evaporated seawater, are generally sufficient to balance out the melting. Recently, though, persistently higher temperatures caused by global warming have led to greater than average summer melting as well as diminished snowfall due to later winters and earlier springs. This imbalance results in a significant net gain in the ratio of runoff to ocean evaporation, causing sea levels to rise.Ice Loss from Greenland and West Antarctica: As with the glaciers and ice caps, increased heat is causing the massive ice sheets that cover Greenland and Antarctica to melt at an accelerated pace. Scientists also believe melt water from above and seawater from below is seeping beneath Greenland's and West Antarctica's ice sheets, effectively lubricating ice streams and causing them to move more quickly into the sea. Higher sea temperatures are causing the massive ice shelves that extend out from Antarctica to melt from below, weaken, and break off.Apart from the above there is evidence that this has happened before in the Earths cycle but this was kept in check due to no human interference making things far worse.WHY SEA LEVEL RISE IS NOT UNIFORMNOAA:“Sea level rise at specific locations may be more or less than the global average due to local factors: subsidence, upstream flood control, erosion, regional ocean currents, and whether the land is still rebounding from the compressive weight of Ice Age glaciers."IPCC:FAQ 13.1 | Why Does Local Sea Level Change Differ from the Global Average? Shifting surface winds, the expansion of warming ocean water, and the addition of melting ice can alter ocean currents which, in turn, lead to changes in sea level that vary from place to place. Past and present variations in the distribution of land ice affect the shape and gravitational field of the Earth, which also cause regional fluctuations in sea level. Additional variations in sea level are caused by the influence of more localized processes such as sediment compaction and tectonics.Global sea level rise is also accelerating.NOAA: Sea level has been rising over the past century, and the rate has increased in recent decades. In 2016, global sea level was 3.2 inches (82 mm) above the 1993 average—the highest annual average in the satellite record (1993-present).Latest research:The rate of global sea level rise has been accelerating in recent decades, rather than increasing steadily, according to a new study based on 25 years of NASA and European satellite data. The new research suggests he world’s oceans will be on average at least 60 cm (23.6 inches)higher by the end of the century.Satellite observations show sea levels rising, and climate change is accelerating itNew study finds sea level rise accelerating – Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet"Global sea level rise is not cruising along at a steady 3 mm per year, it's accelerating a little every year, like a driver merging onto a highway, according to a powerful new assessment led by CIRES Fellow Steve Nerem. He and his colleagues harnessed 25 years of satellite data to calculate that the rate is increasing by about 0.08 mm/year every year—which could mean an annual rate of sea level rise of 10 mm/year, or even more, by 2100.""This acceleration, driven mainly by accelerated melting in Greenland and Antarctica, has the potential to double the total sea level rise by 2100 as compared to projections that assume a constant rate—to more than 60 cm instead of about 30." said Nerem, who is also a professor of Aerospace Engineering Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder. "And this is almost certainly a conservative estimate," he added. "Our extrapolation assumes that sea level continues to change in the future as it has over the last 25 years. Given the large changes we are seeing in the ice sheets today, that's not likely."Per Nerem et al 2018:"the observed acceleration will more than double the amount of sea-level rise by 2100 compared with the current rate of sea-level rise continuing unchanged. This projection of future sea-level rise is based only on the satellite-observed changes over the last 25 y, assuming that sea level changes similarly in the future. If sea level begins changing more rapidly, for example due to rapid changes in ice sheet dynamics, then this simple extrapolation will likely represent a conservative lower bound on future sea-level change."https://www.pnas.org/content/115/9/2022https://phys.org/news/2018-02-team-year-satellite-sea.htmlLatest from Tamino:https://tamino.wordpress.com/.../sea-level-acceleration-2/The recent (2005-2016) acceleration in mass gains of the ocean, due to land-based ice sheet mass losses (measured by GRACE), from Tapley et al 2019Contributions of GRACE to understanding climate changeSea level rise is happening now, and the rate at which it is rising is increasing every year, according to a study released Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Researchers, led by University of Colorado-Boulder professor of aerospace engineering sciences Steve Nerem, used satellite data dating to 1993 to observe the levels of the world's oceans.Using satellite data rather than tide-gauge data that is normally used to measure sea levels allows for more precise estimates of global sea level, since it provides measurements of the open ocean.- Brandon Miller, CNN, Feb 12, 2017https://www.theguardian.com/envi...http://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/1...http://www.pnas.org/content/earl..."Global mean sea level rise has been accelerating for more than 100 years, and the acceleration in the last two decades seems to further increase"And"Our results show that the acceleration during the last decade (0.27 ± 0.17 mm/yr2 ) is about 3 times faster than its value during 1993–2014. The acceleration comes from three factors, that is, 0.04 ± 0.01 mm/yr2 (~15%) by land ice melting, 0.12 ± 0.06 mm/yr2 (~44%) by thermal expansion of the seawater, and 0.11 ± 0.02 mm/yr2 (~41%) by declining land water storage."And"we demonstrate that current advances in satellite gravimetry, and marine in situ measurements enable us to detect the acceleration in global sea level rise from 2005 to 2015, 11 years in total"Yi et al 2017 - Acceleration in the Global Mean Sea Level Rise: 2005–2015Acceleration in the Global Mean Sea Level Rise: 2005-2015STATUS ON SEA LEVEL RISEThe last 12,000 years, from Horton et al 2018Mapping Sea-Level Change in Time, Space, and Probability | Annual Review of Environment and ResourcesSea levels stabilized about 4000–5000 years ago. From Shakun 2015:But from ca 1900 it started to rise.http://www.climatecentral.org/ga...Since 1900, from Horton 2018There was a huge climate report out just now from the USA:The report was peer reviewed by the National Academy of Sciences, the academy founded by Abraham Lincoln.They have 200 Nobel Prize winners among their members.Global mean sea level (GMSL) has risen by about 7–8 inches (about 16–21 cm) since 1900, with about 3 of those inches (about 7 cm) occurring since 1993 (very high confidence). Human-caused climate change has made a substantial contribution to GMSL rise since 1900 (high confidence).Climate Science Special Report: Sea Level RiseThe most respected reconstruction of global sea level during that time based on the global network of tide gauges is from Church & White:Slangen et al 2016, Human activities are the dominant contribution to SLR since 1970. Anthropogenic forcing dominates global mean sea-level rise since 1970 "the anthropogenic forcing (primarily a balance between a positive sea-level contribution from GHGs and a partially offsetting component from anthropogenic aerosols) explains only 15 ± 55% of the observations before 1950, but increases to become the dominant contribution to sea-level rise after 1970 (69 ± 31%), reaching 72 ± 39% in 2000 (37 ± 38% over the period 1900–2005)"Takeaways:1. Although natural variations in radiative forcing affect decadal trends, they have little effect over the twentieth century as a whole2. In 1900, sea level was not in equilibrium with the twentieth-century climate, and there is a continuing, but diminishing, contribution to sea-level change from this historic variability3. The anthropogenic contribution increases during the twentieth century, and becomes the dominant contribution by the end of the century. Our twentieth-century number of 37 ± 38% confirms the anthropogenic lower limit of 45%4. Our results clearly show that the anthropogenic influence is not just present in some of the individual contributors to sea-level change, but actually dominates total sea-level change after 1970. Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 °C global warming could be dangerous.https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/...To counter those who claim that sea levels aren't rising in some places, above is the sea level trends in the Maldives (the Indian Ocean):And the Marshall Islands are in the Pacific OceanThis part, the Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry, tracks global SLR using the various satellites, and offers time series of SLR, including by ocean basin and by some of the seas (between 66°N and 66°S):Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry / Sea Level RiseLinks to newest science:Dieng et al 2017New estimate of the current rate of sea level rise from a sea level budget approachAblain and Jugier 2017https://meetings.aviso.altimetry...Chen et al 2017aThe increasing rate of global mean sea-level rise during 1993–2014Chen et al 2017bhttps://link.springer.com/art.../10.1007%2Fs10712-015-9332-4WCRP 2018Global sea-level budget 1993-presentA plot of the PSMSL tide-gauge station data aggregated into a GMSL data set by Church & White [1]. There are significant changepoints at around 1934 and 2000, with the slope of the most recent segment being 4.1 mm/yr. (This is fairly consistent with Yi et al. 2015 [2], which finds that since 2010 global mean sea level "has been rising at a rate of 4.4 ± 0.5mm/yr for more than 3 years, due to an increase in the rate of both land ice loss and steric change.") Since there's a temporal increase in the rate of SLR for each segment, SLR is accelerating in this data set.1. Church JA and White NJ: Sea-level rise from the late 19th to the early 21st century. Surveys in Geophysics 32(4–5):585–602, 2011. dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10712-011-9119-12. Yi S, Sun W, Heki K, Qian A: An increase in the rate of global mean sea level rise since 2010. Geophysical Research Letters 42(10):3998–4006, 2015. dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063902Roger Fjellstad Olsen's answer to Why do they call me a troll when I say sea levels have been rising since the last ice age?

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