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This is no longer an option. It once was an option before iTunes’ and iOS’ most recent releases.When iTunes’ latest major update first launches you are greeted with a screen that informs you iTunes has been updated to focus on media/content.Why you can no longer store apps in iTunesThe main idea for this is between two possible reasons: make sure customer’s keep update and available content for performance and legal reasons or further development of iOS being an independent operating system free of traditional computer OS management needs.Up to date software requirement purposeFocusing on updates; these are a required part of owning any smart devices (devices in which the softwares can be added to in order to add functionality). The problem developers see is that consumers of software are rightfully weary of installing updates.In the past, and still so today, many updates would change the overall look, maneuverability and functionality of the interface consumers use. Many times these changes may take away a feature consumers liked because of licensing, copyrights, or bugs that couldn’t be reconciled by the team.The thing to remember is that this doesn’t make the updates ultimately bad. More than often these updates will bring much needed compatibility and feature inhancements. The addition of this allows apps to run smoother and cause less stress on the environment (iOS plus hardware) they run on. Because Apple sees a lot of their own product catching blame for the softwares of third party developers, it is justifiable that they start pushing to make sure possible fixes in the apps are more likely to be installed on users’ iOS devices. They started this by implementing automatic updates, and are continuing by making updating, offloading* and redownloading, and then deleting and reinstalling the must do troubleshooting steps of third party apps.*’Offloading’ is a new feature to iOS 11 and is when the software only of an app removes itself to save space. The locally saved data (profile, settings, etc.) is not deleted, and the app’s icon remains on your Home Screen with the iCloud download symbol next to its name.Legality behind storing isolated app versionsFor the legality of needing to remove the ability to remove the ability to store apps on a computer or in iTunes itself we can recall a little record setting mobile game known as Flappy Bird.I may have the details a little mixed up on the law suite, but essentially Nintendo sued the developer (as well as the App Store and Google Play Store, I think) after it surfaced that the then amateur developer had used the piping from Super Mario Bros. as the pipes in several levels. The game was then pulled from all mobile app stores and software licenses issued to the consumers gained an expiration (or were immediately revoked).Later, USB flash-storage drives and one-time download codes for locked CloudShare drives were being auctioned and sold that contained the most recent version of Flappy Bird and instructions on how to place it into your iTunes’ File Library so that you could then move it onto your iPhone and play it.Another instance would include the same trick of saving past versions of apps outside of the iTunes’ file reference library to maintain the option to rollback in case they don’t like the newest version. The issue with this practice is that all mobile apps are based off of the business platform of an internet site or online service. Because the products are infinitely replicable and every visit to an internet site or use of service recreates the contents and updates any cached items that pair with it, changing ownership of a part or all of the domain and features must be updated within a reasonable amount of time.As an example, when YouTube’s originally owners accepted an offer from Alphabet (then still Google), many of YouTube’s previous partnerships became conflicts of interest. So Alphabet and the new YouTube expect team had to let services and features brought to them by the departing partners be replaced by competing services and features from either Alphabet development teams, non-conflicting third party developers, or YouTube’s own engineers.YouTube, and basically all of Alphabet’s susidieries, maintains a revenue stream from mainly advertising and paid subscribers secondly. Keeping this in mind it is highly assumable that any partnerships would be based off of leases for the needed features and services. So if you were to load and continue using a version that had features from a team who no longer is being payed by YouTube, then this would be unjust to that team and their products.Because of Copy Rights, Trademarks and Patents, any supplier of these softwares and applications must do what is objectively possible to protect all groups and companies who distribute through them. By removing the file reference portion of iTunes’ library on your computer that would have stored these apps, Apple is maintaining their part of that agreement.Creating independence in iOS managementApple also has seen since the launch of its iOS device line a growing instance of people only owning iOS. First with consumers only owning an iPhone and not having access to a personal computer, possibly stemming from the proprietary cellphones that required no advanced troubleshooting. Now there’s a growing group who purchase the iPad tablet (I’ll recognize the difference between ‘tablet’ and ‘tablet computer’) as their home or personal ‘computer’.Arguing whether the iPad is good enough to be its own computer is moot in this posting because when it comes to troubleshooting, the tablet only computers on the market reach the same limitations.This situation is continuing to grow in Apple’s market and is something for them to be conscience of. Because Apple is well known for being ‘user friendly’ a lot of first time tech-users or consumers with limited income are trusting iPads as a product to at least get their feet wet. Because of this growing sub-ecosystem, Apple is taking responsibility to grant iOS its own management abilities. As Apple has had great success with, they are doing this by building the capability deep inside the frameworks and springboard.When most tech companies need to alter the foundation of a continued product, you see the first changes presented at the surface. This is good to allow users to see this change clearly, and adjust for the further changes down the road. Apple’s less impactful and faulty changes happen because they go to the source of the problem. This makes a lot of sense, but isn’t as evident and can often catch long time users by surprise.Tons of features built into iOS allow it to manage all of its softwares it’s self, without need of a tethered operating system handling the bulk. From intelligent processor monitoring that stops system downloads and uploads when battery or temperature conditions are too volatile, to more comprehensive data and resource-utilization review and control options, iOS has more than the ability to manage itself at this point.It is only when the iOS itself is damaged to a degree or depth that it could not resolve itself, or is even able to run itself, that iTunes is needed to rescue and manage the iOS device itself. For the ladder example; this is when the hardware of the iOS device steps in to inform iOS could not be initiated and iTunes needs to recover the device. It is a procedure known as Recovery Mode. This hardware ability can be manually accessed by the user via a prolonged Force Restart past the Apple Logo illuminating back on while the device is plugged into a Lightning chord with power (normally connected to a computer’s USB port since the hardware then requires access to iTunes) to completely replace the iOS on the device and start fresh.iTunes’ future corse-correction (rebranding)iTunes was released to be a digital media player, library, store, manager, and central hub. This idea revolutionized the creative-media industry by allowing the easiest known imaginable route of purchasing and storing music, TV episodes and movies.As piracy grew in popularity, Apple took care of its valued Production Company and Recording Label partners by creating (or modifying) the AACaudio file encoding and a DRM (digital rights management) encryption by FairPlay. This meant that file copies purchased through iTunes would become locked to the iTunes Account (now Apple ID) that purchased them. So if you burned the songs to a digital storage and then ripped them to another computer, they would: 1. Be incompatible to other media players, and 2. Require the computer to be authorized* by the purchasing iTunes Account to play the songs.*Each iTunes Account can authorize up to five computers to play content licensed to the account.Apple and the iTunes Store would continue to entice the production companies by enabling BluRay quality playback through its store and DVD menus features as well. With these added features, it justified to consumers the cost being typically the same as the physical copy, but helped the production companies by saving them manufacturing costs.Apple later did the same thing for recording labels. Having already offered the ability to load a .pdf of the lyric/promotional booklet into the track listing of albums for fans to still gain the full experience of visual accessory to the artist’s work, iTunes innovated the album buying experience with a new optional feature for albums called iTunes LP. This was an interactive menu that followed special conventions using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, CSS Animations, and p-lists. The iTunes LP’s format (.itlp) is being terminated soon and Apple announced February 2018 that iTunes Store will not be accepting new submissions after March 2018. They stated that existing iTunes LPs will be deprecated from the store eventually, however previously purchased iTunes LP content will still be redownlodable for Apple IDs that purchased them through iTunes Match or the Purchased menu for accounts.As iOS continued gaining features in itself, and more and more apps were being released through the App Store, iTunes slowly became the preferred place to arrange your Home Screen, where to create and sync Ringtones, update iOS version, backup the iOS Settings and content imaging, as well as download and install new apps. The iPods were content managed by iTunes, so why shouldn’t iPhones be as well?Until recently, there wasn’t a reason. Even with all the reasons given before this section, Apple could have designed into iTunes ways to offer the needed upgrades to ensure non-illegal apps were being manually loaded into the file reference library, the downloaded app copies in iTunes were auto updating, and so on. But the creative media industry found itself at a growing concern that was becoming socially acceptable and justifiable at a rate faster than security and protection innovations could match. So iTunes and Apple came to the realization that Spotify had already understood; music needs to feel free and somehow still privately owned.So Apple Music was created with iTunes Match and iCloud Music Library to give way to a new way to build your library. Yet to really accomplish handing users their labored libraries and encourage them to continue investing in them, they needed iTunes to be reformatted back into a media player with a heavy focus on music. They replaced the App Store and old iTunes Radio with Browse and Radio to enable direct access into your Apple Music account.By removing the ringtones and app management tools/menus iTunes is redesigned for the content that it can play, which is the fondlemental purpose of the program.—————I hope this answers your question and offers more insight to the history and potential future of your iOS device’s relationship with the App Store and iTunes.

Starting a business entails understanding and dealing with many issues legal, financing, sales and marketing, intellectual property protection, liability protection, human resources, and more. But interest in entrepreneurship is at an all time high.Understand the Commitment and Challenges Involved in Starting a Business:· Coming up with a great and unique product or service· Having a strong plan and vision for the business· Having sufficient capital and cash flow· Finding great employees· Firing bad employees quickly in a way that doesn’t result in legal liability· Working more than you expected· Not getting discouraged by rejections from customers· Managing your time efficiently· Maintaining a reasonable work/life balance· Knowing when to pivot your strategy· Maintaining the stamina to keep going even when it’s toughProtect Your Personal Assets by Forming the Business as a Corporation or LLC:· Always use the corporate name· Always use proper signature· Follow all corporate formalities· Make sure to keep funds separate· Make sure to keep taxation separate· All transactions made by the corporation should be clearly separate from any individual transactions.Come Up With a Great Name for Your Business· Avoid hard-to-spell names.· Don’t pick a name that could be limiting as your business grows.· Conduct a thorough Internet search on a proposed name.· Get a “.com” domain name (as opposed to “.net” or another variant).· Conduct a thorough trademark search.· Make sure you and your employees will be happy saying the name.· Come up with five names you like and test market the name with prospective employees, partners, investors, and potential customers.Focus on Building a Great Product—But Don’t Take Forever to LaunchWhen starting out, your product or service has to be at least good if not great. It must be differentiated in some meaningful and important way from the offerings of your competition‎.Everything else follows from this key principle. Don’t drag your feet on getting your product out to market, since early customer feedback is one of the best ways to help improve your product.Of course, you want a “minimum viable product” (MVP) to begin with, but even that product should be good and differentiated from the competition.Build a Great Website for Your Company· Check out competitor sites.· Start by sketching out a template for your site.· Come up with five or six sites you can share with your web site developer to convey what you like.· Be sure the site is search engine optimized (and thus more likely to show up early on Google search results).· Produce high-quality original content.· Make sure your site is optimized for mobile devices.· Make sure the site loads quickly.· Keep it clean and simple; visual clutter will drive visitors away.· Make sure you have a Terms of Use Agreement and Privacy Policy (and comply with the European GDPR rules).· Make the navigation bars prominent.· Obtain and use a memorable “.com” domain name.· Make the site visually interesting.· Make sure it’s easy for site visitors to contact you or buy your product.Perfect Your Elevator Pitch· Start out strong.· Be positive and enthusiastic in your delivery.· Remember that practice makes perfect.· Keep it to 60 seconds in length.· Avoid using industry jargon.· Convey why your business is unique.· Pitch the problem you are solving.· Invite participation or interruption by the listener—this shows they are interested and engaged.Make the Deal Clear With Co-Founders· How is the equity split among the founders?· Is the percentage of ownership subject to vesting based on continued participation in the business?· What are the roles and responsibilities of the founders?· If one founder leaves, does the company or the other founder have the right to buy back that founder’s shares? At what price?· How much time commitment to the business is expected of each founder?· What salaries (if any) are the founders entitled to? How can that be changed?· How are key decisions and day-to-day decisions of the business to be made? (by majority vote, unanimous vote, or are certain decisions solely in the hands of the CEO?)· Under what circumstances can a founder be removed as an employee of the business? (usually, this would be a Board decision)· What assets or cash does each founder contribute or invest into the business?· How will a sale of the business be decided?· What happens if one founder isn’t living up to expectations under the founder agreement? How will it be resolved?· What is the overall goal and vision for the business?· If one founder wants to leave the business, does the company have the right to buy back his or her shares? At what price?Obtain a Tax IDIn most instances, you will need to get a tax ID from the IRS for your company. This is also known as an “Employer Identification Number” (EIN), and it’s similar to a Social Security number, but for businesses. Banks will ask for your EIN when you open a company bank account. You can get an EIN online through the IRS website.Set Up a Good Accounting and Bookkeeping SystemYou will need to set up a bookkeeping/accounting system to keep track of your finances, income, expenses, capital expenditures, EBITDA, profit and loss, etc. This is important in order to understand your business’s cash flow situation and also for tax-filing purposes.Perform a Comprehensive Reference Check Before You Hire an Employee· Verification of job titles and dates of employment· Verification of educational degrees and dates of attendance at schools· Verification of starting and ending salary· Verification of prior job role and responsibilities· Inquiry as to why the applicant left the prior employer· Conversations with prior supervisors as to the applicant’s strengths and weaknesses· Inquiry as to the applicant’s ability to get along well with other employees and customers· Inquiry as to the applicant’s ability to take on the new role· Inquiry as to punctuality or absenteeism issues· Reference checks with other people not listed by the applicant as a referenceUse a Good Form of Employee Offer Letter or Employment Agreement· The job title and role of the employee· Whether the job is full time or part time· When the job will commence· The salary, benefits, and any potential bonuses· Whether the position is “at will” employment, meaning either party is free to terminate the relationship at any time without penalty (although employers may not terminate employees for legally prohibited reasons, such as for age discrimination or retaliation from sexual harassment allegations, etc.)· Confirmation that the “at will” agreement may not be changed unless signed by an authorized officer of the company· Confirmation that the employee will need to sign a separate Confidentiality and Invention Assignment Agreement (described below)· If the company chooses, a statement that any disputes between the parties will be resolved solely and exclusively by confidential binding arbitration (also discussed below)· Any stock options to be granted to the employee and the terms of any vesting (details usually laid out in a separate Stock Option Agreement)· The supervisor to whom the employee will report· Protective language stating that the offer letter constitutes the entire agreement and understanding of the parties with respect to the employment relationship, and that there are no other agreements or benefits expected.Make Sure All Employees Sign a Confidentiality and Invention Assignment Agreement·The employee may not use or disclose any of the company’s confidential information for their own benefit or use, or for the benefit of others, without authorization.· The employee must promptly disclose to the company any inventions, ideas, discoveries, and work product related to the company’s business that they make during the period of employment.· The company is the owner of such inventions, ideas, discoveries, and work product, which the employee must assign to the company.· The employee’s employment with the company does not and will not breach any agreement or duty that the employee has with anyone else, nor may the employee disclose to the company or use on its behalf any confidential information belonging to others.· Upon termination of employment, the employee must return any and all confidential information and company property.· While employed, the employee will not compete with the company or perform any services for any competitor of the company.· The employee’s confidentiality and invention assignment obligations under the agreement will continue after termination of employment.· The agreement does not by itself represent any guarantee of continued employment.Consider the Steps You Should Take to Protect Your Intellectual Property· Patents· Copyrights· Trademarks· Service Marks· Trade Secrets· Confidentiality Agreements· Confidentiality Agreement for Employees and Consultants· Terms of Service and Privacy PolicyBecome a Strong SalespersonIf the business is to become successful, you must become a great salesperson. You are going to have to learn how to “sell” your business not only to customers but also to prospective investors and even to potential employees.Understand Financial Statements and Budgets· What are the company’s three-year projections?· What are the key assumptions underlying your projections?· How much equity and debt has the company raised, and what is the capitalization structure?· What future equity or debt financing will be necessary?· How much of a stock option pool is being set aside for employees?· When will the company get to profitability?· How much “burn” (losses) will occur until the company gets to profitability?· What are your unit economics?· What are the factors that limit faster growth?· What are the key metrics that the management team focuses on?Market Your Business Like Crazy· Learn the fundamentals of SEO (search engine optimization) so that people searching for your products and services online might find you near the top of search results.· Use social media to promote your business (LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, etc.).· Engage in content marketing by writing guest articles for relevant websites.· Issue press releases for any significant events.· Network continually.Use Consultants and Freelancers to Supplement Your TeamAt the early stages of your startup, you will likely want to have a small employee team to minimize expenses. A good way to fill in for specialized expertise is to use freelancers or consultants.That way, you avoid taking on employee costs and benefits payments. And there are a variety of sites that can help you access freelancers, such as Freelancer.com, Guru.com, and Upwork.com.Have a Great Investor Pitch DeckPitch Deck Do’s· Do include this wording at the bottom left of the pitch deck cover page: “Confidential and Proprietary. Copyright by [Name of Company]. [Year]. All Rights Reserved.”· Do convince the viewer of why the market opportunity is large.· Do include visually interesting graphics and images.· Do send the pitch deck in a PDF format to prospective investors in advance of a meeting. Don’t force the investor to get it from Google Docs, Dropbox, or some other online service, as you are just putting up a barrier to the investor actually reading it.· Do plan to have a demo of your product as part of the in-person presentation.· Do tell a compelling, memorable, and interesting story that shows your passion for the business.· Do show that you have more than just an idea, and that you have gotten early traction on developing the product, getting customers, or signing up partners.· Do have a soundbite for investors to remember you by.· Do use a consistent font size, color, and header title style throughout the slides.Pitch Deck Don’ts· Don’t make the pitch deck more than 15-20 slides long (investors have limited attention spans). If you feel you need to add more information, include it as an appendix.· Don’t have too many wordy slides.· Don’t provide excessive financial details, as that can be provided in a follow-up message.· Don’t try to cover everything in the pitch deck slides. Your in-person presentation will give you an opportunity to add and highlight key information.· Don’t use a lot of jargon or acronyms that the investor may not immediately understand.· Don’t underestimate or belittle the competition (and never say “we don’t have any competition”).· Don’t have your pitch deck look out of date. You don’t want a date on the cover page that is several months old (that is why I avoid putting a date on the cover page at all). And you don’t want information or metrics in the deck about your business that look stale or outdated.· Don’t have a poor layout, bad graphics, or a low-quality “look and feel.” Think about hiring a graphic designer to give your pitch desk a more professional look.Drive Traffic to Your Website· Pay Google, Bing, Yahoo, or other search engines to send you traffic (such as through the Google Adwords program).· Build a great site with lots of high-quality, original content that is search engine optimized.· Have a smart social media plan to drive traffic from Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and other free social media sites.· Get links to your site from high-quality sites.Make Sure Someone Hasn’t Already Invented Your Great New Idea· Do a Google search on the keywords associated with your invention.· Do a search online of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office at United States Patent and Trademark Office.· If nothing comes up and you want to get a patent for your idea, hire a patent lawyer.Don’t Go Overboard on a Business PlanIt’s useful to come up with a business plan to think through what you want to do for the development of the product or service, marketing, financial projections, and more. And you should then get input from trusted business and finance advisors. But don’t go overboard with a 50-page business plan.Secure Capital to Finance Your Business· Personal funds· Credit cards· Friends and family· Angel investors (see Angel Investing: 20 Things Entrepreneurs Should Know)· Crowdsourcing sites such as Crowdfund Innovations & Support Entrepreneurs and Kickstarter· Bank loans/SBA financings/online lenders· Venture capitalists· Equipment loan financingDetermine Which Permits, Licenses, or Registrations You Will Need for Your Business· Permits need for regulated businesses (aviation, agriculture, alcohol, etc.)· Sales tax license or permit· Home-based business permits· City and county business permits or licenses· Zoning permit· Seller’s permit· Health department permits (such as for a restaurant)· Federal and state tax/employer IDsSet Up Appropriate Books and Records for Your Business· Financial statements (P&L, balance sheet, cash flow)· Employee records· Board and stockholder minutes and consents· Stock and options ledger· Tax filings and records (federal, state & local income, sales and property taxes)· Secretary of State filings (Certificate of Incorporation, annual filings, etc.)· Invoices & contracts· Bank accounts· Creditor recordsProperly Insure Your StartupWhile shopping for insurance, you will want answers to these types of key questions:· What are the deductibles?· Are the coverage limits high enough?· What items or occurrences are excluded from coverage?· Are there any gaps in the coverage?Here is a list of the types of insurance that may be appropriate for your business:· General liability insurance· Product liability insurance· Professional liability insurance· Property insurance· Worker’s compensation insurance· D&O (directors & officers) insurance· Health insurance for employees· Business interruption insurance· Commercial auto insurance· Data breach/cybersecurity insurance· Key man life insuranceDetermine How to Divide Equity Among the Startup’s Co-Founders· The relative value of the contributions of the co-founders· Vesting dependent upon continued participation in the business (you don’t want to give away 25% of the company to someone who leaves after a few months)· The amount of time to be committed to the business· The cash compensation to be paid as an employee· Whether the co-founders will be contributing cash as an investment in the business· Whether one person wants to maintain control over decision-makingUnderstand These Key Points About Seeking Venture Capital Financing· Specific industry sectors (software, digital media, semiconductor, mobile, SaaS, biotech, mobile devices, etc.)· Stage of company (early-stage seed or Series A rounds, or later-stage rounds with companies that have achieved meaningful revenues and traction)· Company location (e.g., San Francisco/Silicon Valley, New York, etc.)Pay Attention to Your Business Contracts· Describe all obligations they are expected to fulfill.· Describe all obligations they expect the other party (or parties) to fulfill.· Limit any liabilities.· Set parameters, such as a time frame, in which the terms of the contract will be met.· Set terms of a sale, lease, or rental.· Establish payment terms.· Clearly establish all of the risks and responsibilities of the parties.The key contracts that a startup should have as its own form of “standard contract” include:· Sales or service agreement· License agreement· Offer letter to employees· Consulting agreement with any independent contractors (you want to make sure that you will own the intellectual property rights for anything they develop for your business)· Confidentiality and Invention Assignment Agreement for employees and independent contractors· Non-disclosure agreementIf You Plan to Lease Office Space for Your Business, Focus on These Key Issues· Length of lease term· Tenant improvements· Rent and rent escalations· Repairs, improvements, and replacements· Assignment and subletting· Try to avoid one-sided lease provisions.· Consider using a tenant brokerThoroughly Research Your Competition· Who are the company’s principal competitors?· What traction have those competitors obtained?· What gives your company the competitive advantage?· Compared to these other companies, how do you compete with respect to price, features, and performance?· What are the barriers to entry in your market?If You Are Seeking Angel Investing Financing, Know These Important Points· The quality, passion, commitment, and experience of the founders· The market opportunity being addressed and the potential for the company to grow to become very big· A clearly thought out business plan and early evidence of early business traction· Interesting intellectual property or technology· A reasonable valuation for the company· The likelihood of the company being able to raise additional financing in the future if progress is madeAngel investors will want to initially see the following from a startup:· A clearly articulated elevator pitch for the business· An executive summary or investor pitch deck· A prototype or working model of the company’s product or service· Early adopters, customers, or partnersThere are a variety of ways to find angel investors, including:· AngelList· Venture capitalists· Investment bankers· Lawyers· Accountants· Other entrepreneurs· Crowdfunding sites like Kickstarterand IndiegogoConsider Adopting a Stock Option Plan to Attract and Motivate Employees· XYZ, Inc., hires employee John Smith.· As part of his employment package, XYZ grants John the option to acquire 80,000 shares of XYZ’s common stock at 25 cents per share (the fair market value of a share of XYZ common stock at the time of grant).· The options are subject to a four-year vesting period with one-year cliff vesting, which means that John has to stay employed with XYZ for one year before he gets the right to exercise 20,000 of the options. The remaining 60,000 options then vest at the rate of 1/36 a month over the next 36 months of his employment.· If John leaves the company or is fired before the end of his first year, he doesn’t get any of the options.· After his options are “vested” (become exercisable), he has the option to buy the stock at 25 cents per share, even if the share value has gone up dramatically.· After four years of continued employment, all 80,000 of his option shares are vested.· XYZ becomes successful and goes public, and its stock trades at $20 per share.· John exercises his options and buys 80,000 shares for $20,000 (80,000 x 25 cents).· John turns around and sells all 80,000 of his shares for $1.6 million (80,000 x the $20 per share publicly traded price), making a huge profit of $1,580,000.Focus on Offering Exceptional Customer ServiceCompanies such as Zappos and Virgin America became hugely successful because they focused on providing excellent customer service and support. You want your early customers to give referrals and sing your praises to their friends and colleagues.Hire an Experienced Startup Attorney· Incorporate· Draw up contracts with any co-founders· Prepare key agreements for the business· Set up a stock option plan for employees· Guide you through potential HR landmines· Prepare protective offer letters to prospective employees· Help you negotiate terms with prospective investors· Limit your potential legal liabilities· Protect your ideas and inventions (through copyrights, patents, and non-disclosure agreements)Get Comfortable With Public SpeakingThe ability to communicate effectively can be critical to landing customers, inspiring employees, and pitching to investors to raise capital. Most people are not very good at public speaking and many are even afraid of it.You must strive to overcome this fear. Consider working with a public speaking or business coach to improve your public speaking skills.There was a ton of information in this article, so if you have any questions, just leave me a comment below, please do upvote, share and support.Thank you

IT VARIES, but it is very very minute near zero and much too small to matter.Carbon dioxide is only a trace gas at 416 ppm with the percentage of the atmosphere at only 0.041 %. Most of the CO2 emissions come from natural sources, especially the oceans. Human emissions are even less at 3% of the natural total. Do the math do you really think 0.0012 % of the atmosphere is a dragon spewing heat boiler or greenhouse gas mechanism to fear? Hard to imagine how it could work.Somehow the little yellow CO2 molecule at 0.04 % or one in 2500 warms up the other 99.9 % nitrogen and oxygen molecules to create a climate crisis. No.Natural sources are impossible to predict. Ocean emissions by exchange are the largest at 42% followed by the respiration of plants and animals including humans at 29%.Human sources of CO2 are dwarfed by natural sources.CO2 and Global Warming: I’m still not convinced.Jiggerj February 15, 2021Every time I get curious about how CO2 is impacting the Earth’s climate, it seems I always find articles that agree upon one thing: The amount of carbon dioxide in the air is 0.04%. Now, you have to understand just what that number means. If we were to add 0.96 percent to the 0.04 it would total just one percent of a hundred percent. The graph below represents the atmosphere. There are one-hundred squares, so each square represents 1% of the whole. That little black line in the bottom right square is the amount of CO2 in the air. And, that teeny-tiny amount of carbon dioxide is keeping the Earth’s excess heat from seeping out into space? Hey, I’m no climatologist, but this surely offends my common sense.Image for postIf we were to turn this graph into a grate that covers a heating duct, and then have experts claim that the little black line is causing your house to heat up more than usual (into dangerous levels), you’d call him crazy (wouldn’t you?).This article CO2 Makes Up Just 0.04% of Earth's Atmosphere. Here's Why Its Impact Is So Massive states that “Scientists widely agree that Earth’s average surface temperature has already increased by about 2 F (1 C) since the 1880s,…” Two degrees? In 140 years of the most industrial time of smoke stacks and cars with zero emissions controls? Again, I’m no expert, but I find a 2 degree increase over that time period to be rather remarkable. It proves that our planet knows how to take care of itself quite well.What I find most odd is the fact that it is well known that plant life NEEDS carbon dioxide in the air — it’s the stuff that forests grow on. So, the question that we and our scientists should be asking is, What would happen to all of Earth’s vegetation if we accidentally decreased the CO2 levels to zero, or close to zero? Would plant life diminish? Completely die off? Now, THAT’S a scary thought.What’s missing in this whole climate change debate is the answer to how massive amounts of ice has been melting for the last 2.6 million years without any human interference, and how that particular process is separate from what we’re seeing now? How does a few hundred years of human industrialization get blamed for a process that started even before homo erectus evolved into homo sapiens?Image for postI know I’m wrong, but after hearing the numbers involved, what I would expect the scientific community to be shouting is:Water vapor is the major greenhouse gas making human input almost zero.Can we see a change in the CO2 record because of COVID-19?Answer is No.Monthly Average Mauna Loa CO2January 2021:415.52 ppmJanuary 2020:413.61 ppmLast updated: February 22, 2021PNG Version PDF VersionFor us to be able to detect the drop in emissions caused by the pandemic it needs to be large enough to stand out from natural CO2 variability caused by how plants and soils respond to seasonal and annual variations of temperature, humidity, soil moisture, etc. CO2 increases everywhere in the atmosphere but super-imposed on that are seasonal cycles. After removal of the long-term increasing trend at each site one is left with a seasonal cycle caused primarily by seasonal photosynthesis and respiration of ecosystems on land. The three figures below show the 10-year average seasonal cycle, and the year-to-year variations. These natural variations are large, and so far the "missing" emissions from fossil fuel burning have not stood out.What does this means for the CO2 reduction targets of the Paris Accord and other net zero carbon claims?Answer it means the targets are useless lacking any efficacy because even after massive reduction in transportation and industry because of the Covid lockdown CO2 keeps rising apace!Human emissions of CO2 in the atmosphere are too small near zero to make any difference.This graph tells it all.We have known for over a hundred years that CO2 doesn’t control the temperature, through experiments, geology, written history, logic, empirical measurements and now also through stastistics: New Study Finds Robust Statistical Probability Temperature Drives CO2 Changes, Upending ‘Scientific Perception’October 6, 2020 Larsen Science 0Image: Winter Arrives Early in Southern SiberiaRelated: A History of Climate Fraud (I)By Kenneth Richard – No Tricks ZonePrompted by the observation that dramatic COVID-related reductions in 2020 human CO2 emissions had zero impact on the Earth’s CO2 concentration, two scientists conduct extensive statistical probability analyses to conclude temperature changes lead CO2 changes, not the other way around.The nearly global acceptance of economically-devastating lockdowns as a mitigating response to the COVID-19 pandemic has inspired many to question the assumption humans drive changes in CO2 concentration.As Drs. Koutsoyiannis and Kundzewicz point out in their iconoclastic new study, “despite unprecedented decrease in carbon emission, there was an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, which followed a pattern similar to previous years.”Image Source: Koutsoyiannis and Kundzewicz, 2020Utilizing the obvious condition that causes precede effects, or that effects do not lead causes, the authors first point out that the paleoclimate record shows CO2 changes follow temperature changes by about 1000 years. Then they examine the sequential relationship between global temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration during 1980–2019.While they find the causality direction for CO2 leading temperature (T) changes does exist, the results of their study clearly “support the hypothesis that the dominant direction is T → CO2,” not CO2→ T.In fact, the statistical probability is so robust “the p-values in the direction T → [CO2] are always smaller than in direction [CO2] → T by about 4 to 5 orders of magnitude, thus clearly supporting T → [CO2 ] as dominant direction.” Temperature is shown to lead CO2 changes by about 6 months to a year.Drs. Koutsoyiannis and Kundzewicz acknowledge the perspective “CO2 → T prevails in public, as well as in scientific, perception.” So they point out that an IPCC analysis has natural ground (soil) CO2 emissions reaching 114 to 119 gigatons of carbon (GtC) per year, whereas ground (fossil fuel) emissions from anthropogenic sources only amount to 8 or 9 GtC per year. Consequently, the “change in carbon fluxes due to natural processes is likely to exceed the change due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions” as the “the intensity of biochemical process increases with temperature [and] leads to increasing natural CO2 emission.”We have known for over a hundred years that CO2 doesn’t control the temperature, through experiments, geology, written history, logic, empirical measurements and now also through stastistics: New Study Finds Robust Statistical Probability Temperature Drives CO2 Changes, Upending ‘Scientific Perception’ - Hasslefree AllsortCO2 Has Risen By 110 ppm Since 1750The Human Contribution Is Just 17 ppmHarde, 2017Abstract:Climate scientists presume that the carbon cycle has come out of balance due to the increasing anthropogenic emissions from fossil fuel combustion and land use change. This is made responsible for the rapidly increasing atmospheric CO2concentrations over recent years, and it is estimated that the removal of the additional emissions from the atmosphere will take a few hundred thousand years. Since this goes along with an increasing greenhouse effect and a further global warming, a better understanding of the carbon cycle is of great importance for all future climate change predictions. We have critically scrutinized this cycle and present an alternative concept, for which the uptake of CO2 by natural sinks scales proportional with the CO2concentration. In addition, we consider temperature dependent natural emission and absorption rates, by which the paleoclimatic CO2 variations and the actual CO2 growth rate can well be explained. The anthropogenic contribution to the actual CO2 concentration is found to be 4.3%, its fraction to the CO2 increase over the Industrial Era is 15% and the average residence time 4 years.Blockbuster Paper Finds Just 15% Of CO2 Growth Since Industrialization Is Due To Human EmissionsNATURAL SOURCES ARE SO LARGE HUMAN EMISSIONS ARE NEAR ZERO.The “scientists” who attempt to strike fear in your heart regarding man-made carbon dioxide intentionally withhold from you the tremendous amounts sent skyward by the 1500 active volcanoes; the hundreds of coal-seam fires; the trillions of tons of organic matter that decompose; the rotting of billions of animal and fish corpses and other natural sources. These yearly “producers” of trillions of the stuff make human-”contribution” insignificant.Kathleen BlakeKeith WhiteBecause there is nothing to worry about with CO2 - and CO2 is NOT the “great poison” that Climate Alarmists are making it out to be.Lets do some sums on the undeniable facts about CO2…CO2 takes up around 0.04% of the atmosphere. 400 ppm is about 0.04% No argument there.There are about 750 gigatons of CO2 released into the atmosphere every year – the majority of it from natural sources. No argument there.Now there are several figures for human created CO2 - depending on who you ask and believe – but it is reasonable to state that it is somewhere between 6 gigatons and 40 gigatons - but either way it remains insignificant, as I will demonstrate:So get your calculators out team…Now I am prepared to give the CAGW Alarmists a fair go here - and if it is 40 gigatons that is anthropologically caused, then that means that 5.33% of all CO2 emitted comes from human causes – 5.33% of 0.04% is still only 0.0021% of the atmosphere is CO2 that comes from human causes…It is simple math and no matter how you slice and dice it - it remains infinitesimal!Now let’s bring that back to the percentage of CO2 that the US produces?In 2019 the US emitted 5.41 Gigatonnes of CO2.Source: Each Country's Share of CO2 EmissionsSo doing the simple math….That means that 0.72% of ALL the CO2 emitted (from both natural and human caused sources) in ALL of 2018 - came from the US.LESS THAN THREE QUARTERS OF ONE PERCENT!So extending that - the US contributed 0.000288% of the total atmosphere in CO2!CAN YOU EVEN CONCEIVE HOW SMALL AN AMOUNT THAT IS?The Covid 19 lockdown of most of the world industry for many months especially transportation has not decreased the rise of CO2 and this confirms that man-made CO2 is nothing and that the goal of the Paris Accord is a fraud.Why have numerous government conferences and agreements that have failed to slow the rise of CO2? Answer because they only focus on human emissions from fossil fuels which are not that significant compared with other sources.Right! Tiny 0.01% Of Atmosphere And 0.01% Of Earth’s Biomass Drive Nearly 100% Of Climate!By P Gosselin on26. May 2018Spiegel science journalist Axel Bojanowski at Twitter posted a couple of comments that got me wondering about man’s role on climate.The first comment was a tweet about NASA’s Jim Bridenstine who reportedly went from being a “climate denier” to changing his mind and confirming that “climate change is caused by humans”.Readers will note that there’s nothing new here. Almost all climate skeptics will say that no one doubts that humans are playing a role in climate. But again, for the umpteenth time, the debate is: to what extent?Changing sun and oceans no longer playing a role?Today alarmist scientists would have us believe that that big bright tempestuous star up there in the sky stopped playing a role since the late 19th century, and that the oceans, which cover a puny 70% of our planet’s surface (sarc), also stopped playing a role.Instead the alarmist scientists insist that today’s climate is being 90+% driven by human-emitted CO2 and the rest of the factors have been somehow disabled. If that sound preposterous, then it might have something to do with how you perceive the your planet and how different parts are interrelated.Humans only 0.01% of world’s biomassSo how does that 90+% driver compare in scale to the rest of planetary factors? That brings us to Bojanowskis’s second comment that pricked my attention, citing the PNAS: humans make up only 0.01% of the world’s biomass.Plants make up 80%, bacteria a whopping 15% and animals 0.3%. So of all the biomass on the planet, we are only one hundredth of a percent.Human CO2 only 0.01% of atmosphereThrough the burning of fossil fuels, humans are also responsible for having boosted atmospheric CO2 emissions from some 300 ppm to 400 parts per million, which translates into a difference of 0.01% of the atmosphere. So what do the alarmists conclude from this:0.01% of the world’s biomass and 0.o1% of the atmosphere are today almost solely responsible for climate changes.The sun, oceans, volcanoes and other poorly understood major varying factors are ignored. Does all that sound plausible?Yeah right, and the price of tea in China drives the global economy.The infamous and fraudulent Paris Accord demands countries reduce their human emission to net zero by imposing carbon taxes, etc. Yet the recent lockdown from the Covid 19 pandemic is evidence that human emissions are too small to matter.May 2020 Mauna Loa data shows CO2 levels are increasing over last year. Why? Because human emissions are not a significant source of CO2 when compared with natural and variable emissions from volcanos, wildfires, termites and coal seams.Dr Timothy Ball thinks human CO2 emissions are misrepresented by as much as 4 X too high in order to keep up the fear of AGW by alarmists about fossil fuels.There are so many natural sources of CO2 ignored by alarmists that dwarf our human emissions. Recent research on wildfires shows major emissions that dwarf all other.The percentage of man-made Co2 is far from permanent unlike Nitrogen at 78% and Oxygen at 21% and Argon at 0.8%.The percentage of all CO2 natural and man-made is only 412 ppm not even 0.1% Think about how such a tiny trace gas unevenly distributed could matter to the climate? IT CANNOT.The percentage of man-made Co2 in the atmosphere will vary so it is less than 4% of 0.039% = 0.00156% or near zero.Volcanos and wildfires contribute the most Co2 beyond the natural amounts from land and sea.A major variable is volcanos and wildfires that spew massive amounts of Co2 that often exceed human emissions. This makes the human percentage much lower.Think about the recent forest fires in the Amazon burning for many weeks or the major Hawaii volcanos still burning far beyond the average.Recent research of large BC wildfire emission found Co2 at 3 X more than all the Co2 from all sources.The conventional volume estimates is that only 22 ppm of the 412 ppm total is from humans based on the math 4% of 0.039% the total natural. The result proves that the historical increase from 280 ppm to 412 ppm cannot be attributed to humans.Estimates of Co2 by weight in Gt are 439 Vegetation and Land 332 Oceans and 29 fossil fuels.The Co2 data from volcanos and wildfires is distorted because there is no attempt to measure actual. The data just uses average formulae which are low.The deliberate under reporting of Co2 from volcanos and wildfires is surely part of the bias to make fossil fuels the fall guy for climate.The atmospheric content of CO2 has increased only 0.008% since emissions began to soar after 1945. Such a tiny increment of increase in CO2 cannot cause the 10°F increase in temperature predicted by CO2 advocates.REFERENCESNO PROBLEM AS VOLCANOS AND WILDFIRES HAVE NOT UPSET THE BALANCE WHEN TOTAL CO2 WAS > 3000 PPM.MAJOR SOURCES OF CO2 ARE FROM VEGETATION AND OCEANCarbon dioxide has been wrongly maligned by the Alarmist climate movement. Take a few minutes with Dr. Patrick Moore former founder of Greenpeace to get the facts.Patrick Moore the importance of more Co2.Here is a key graph of all Greenhouse gases that shows detailed percentages of where the source of C02 in the atmosphere and human emissions are minuscule at only 0.117%.Human activities contribute slightly to greenhouse gas concentrations through farming, manufacturing, power generation, and transportation. However, these emissions are so dwarfed in comparison to emissions from other natural sources it is foolish to think humans make any difference. Even the most costly efforts to limit human Co2 emissions if they succeeded would have a very small-- undetectable-- effect on global climate.http://www.geocraft.com/WVFossil...It may be a little hard to picture just how minute the fossil fuel emissions across the globe are. Please take 3 minutes to view this helpful Australian Rice video that helped Australia’s public decide to axe the futile carbon tax.AXE THE TAX AUSTRALIA THE RICE VIDEO 85880 32 CO2 1 HUMAN CO2THE RICE VIDEO FROM AUSTRALIA 3 minutes.The Belief That CO2 Can Regulate Climate Is “Sheer Absurdity” Says Prominent German MeteorologistBy P Gosselin on9. May 2012Physicist and meteorologist Klaus-Eckart Puls was interviewed by Bettina Hahne-Waldscheck of the Swiss magazine “factum“.I’ve translated and summarized the interview, paraphrasing for brevity.factum: You’ve been criticising the theory of man-made global warming for years. How did you become skeptical?Puls: Ten years ago I simply parroted what the IPCC told us. One day I started checking the facts and data – first I started with a sense of doubt but then I became outraged when I discovered that much of what the IPCC and the media were telling us was sheer nonsense and was not even supported by any scientific facts and measurements. To this day I still feel shame that as a scientist I made presentations of their science without first checking it. The CO2-climate hysteria in Germany is propagated by people who are in it for lots of money, attention and power.factum: Is there really climate change?Puls: Climate change is normal. There have always been phases of climate warming, many that even far exceeded the extent we see today. But there hasn’t been any warming since 1998. In fact the IPCC suppliers of data even show a slight cooling.factum: The IPCC is projecting 0.2°C warming per decade, i.e. 2 to 4°C by the year 2100. What’s your view?Puls: These are speculative model projections, so-called scenarios – and not prognoses. Because of climate’s high complexity, reliable prognoses just aren’t possible. Nature does what it wants, and not what the models present as prophesy. The entire CO2-debate is nonsense. Even if CO2 were doubled, the temperature would rise only 1°C. The remainder of the IPCC’s assumed warming is based purely on speculative amplification mechanisms. Even though CO2 has risen, there has been no warming in 13 years.factum: How does sea level rise look?Puls: Sea level rise has slowed down. Moreover, it has dropped a half centimeter over the last 2 years. It’s important to remember that mean sea level is a calculated magnitude, and not a measured one. There are a great number of factors that influence sea level, e.g. tectonic processes, continental shifting, wind currents, passats, volcanoes. Climate change is only one of ten factors.factum: What have we measured at the North Sea?Puls: In the last 400 years, sea level at the North Sea coast has risen about 1.40 meters. That’s about 35 centimeters per century. In the last 100 years, the North Sea has risen only 25 centimeters.factum: Does the sea level rise have anything to do with the melting North Pole?Puls: That’s a misleading conclusion. Even if the entire North Pole melted, there would be no sea level rise because of the principles of buoyancy.factum: Is the melting of the glaciers in the Alps caused by global warming?Puls: There are many factors at play. As one climbs a mountain, the temperature drops about 0.65°C per 100 meters. Over the last 100 years it has gotten about 0.75°C warmer and so the temperature boundary has shifted up about 100 meters. But observations tell us that also ice 1000 meters up and higher has melted. Clearly there are other reasons for this, namely soot and dust. But soot and dust do not only have anthropogenic origins; they are also caused by nature via volcanoes, dust storms and wildfires. Advancing and retreating of glaciers have always taken place throughout the Earth’s history. Glaciology studies clearly show that glaciers over the last 10,0000 years were smaller on average than today.factum: In your view, melting Antarctic sea ice and the fracture of a huge iceberg 3 years ago are nothing to worry about?Puls: To the contrary, the Antarctic ice cap has grown both in area and volume over the last 30 years, and temperature has declined. This 30-year trend is clear to see. The Amundsen Scott Station of the USA shows that temperature has been declining there since 1957. 90% of the Earth’s ice is stored in Antarctica, which is one and half times larger than Europe.factum: Then why do we always read it is getting warmer down there?Puls: Here they are only talking about the West Antarctic peninsula, which is where the big chunk of ice broke off in 2008 – from the Wilkins-Shelf. This area is hardly 1% of the entire area of Antarctica, but it is exposed to Southern Hemisphere west wind drift and some of the strongest storms on the planet.factum: What causes such massive chunks of ice to break off?Puls: There are lots of factors, among them the intensity of the west wind fluctuations. These west winds have intensified over the last 20 years as part of natural ocean and atmospheric cycles, and so it has gotten warmer on the west coast of the Antarctic peninsula. A second factor are the larger waves associated with the stronger storms. The waves are more powerful and so they break off more ice. All these causes are meteorological and physical, and have nothing to do with a climate catastrophe.factum: Then such ice breaks had to have occurred in the past too?Puls: This has been going on for thousands of years, also in the 1970s, back when all the talk was about “global cooling”. Back then there were breaks with ice chunks hundreds of square kilometres in area. People were even discussing the possibilities of towing these huge ice chunks to dry countries like South Africa or Namibia in order to use them as a drinking water supply.factum: What about all the media photos of polar bears losing their ice?Puls: That is one of the worst myths used for generating climate hysteria. Polar bears don’t eat ice, they eat seals. Polar bears go hungry if we shoot their food supply of seals. The polar bear population has increased with moderately rising temperatures, from 5000 50 years ago to 25,000 today.factum: But it is true that unlike Antarctica, the Arctic is melting?Puls: It has been melting for 30 years. That also happened twice already in the last 150 years. The low point was reached in 2007 and the ice has since begun to recover. There have always been phases of Arctic melting. Between 900 and 1300 Greenland was green on the edges and the Vikings settled there.factum: And what do you say about the alleged expanding deserts?Puls: That doesn”t exist. For example the Sahara is shrinking and has lost in the north an area as large as Germany over the last 20 years. The same is true in the South Sahara. The famine that struck Somalia, Kenya and Ethiopia was mainly caused by the leasing of large swaths of land to large international corporations so that they could grow crops for biofuels for Europe, and by war. But it is much easier for prosperous Europe to blame the world’s political failures on a fictional climate catastrophe instead.factum: So we don’t need to do anything against climate change?Puls: There’s nothing we can do to stop it. Scientifically it is sheer absurdity to think we can get a nice climate by turning a CO2 adjustment knob. Many confuse environmental protection with climate protection. it’s impossible to protect the climate, but we can protect the environment and our drinking water. On the debate concerning alternative energies, which is sensible, it is often driven by the irrational climate debate. One has nothing to do with the other.