Hics 205: Fill & Download for Free

What Turks suffered in Anatolia is well documented by international committees and even acknowledged by some Greek historians. Many Greek authors and commanders accept these atrocities as well.Turks do not tend to weep over past much or worse, take lessons. They just accept to live with or forget about the pain because of their strong faith in the divine justice of afterlife.In this answer, I will include Western Anatolia only, and not Southern and Eastern fronts.So it’s still an untold story considering the constant hatred suffered by Turks despite their losses.Ottomans had already lost its best armies with some 400.000 soldiers killed, 180.000 wounded and 200.000 being prisoners of war in the WWI.Now it was time to pay another price for the participation of tyrant Young Turk leadership in the World War I: Sharing most of Anatolia among allies.Allies were generous enough to leave some free space for Turks:Greek leadership thought Anatolia was a rose garden without any thorns now, so Greek army invaded Izmir without any significant resistance in 1919, the main commercial port of Anatolia with big Greek population, thus starting the Turkish war of independence.But Greek people were actually fed up with wars by 1920, they did not want any further military adventures in Anatolia beyond Izmir. So they voted for Dimitrios Gunaris who promised them that he would bring all troops back home.But once elected, Gunaris and army commanders thought it would be foolish to leave the rest of Anatolia to Turks. So he did the opposite of what he had promised and tried to invade entire defenseless Anatolia to become the hero who would revive the Eastern Roman Empire once again. It looked like a low risk, big gain after all!We should also not forget Churchil’s strong anti-Turkish feelings and commitment to drive them back to Central Asia. He is more responsible for this war than any Greek, because he provided extensive political and military support to Greece and encouraged them to attack Anatolia.The Greek Army committed countless atrocities, massacres and systematic ethnic cleansing in Anatolia despite facing no standing armies (Most Ottoman Armies had been dispersed by Allies and most guns had been collected from cities). Only people who were spared were those who escaped to mountains without proper clothing and any food.Some well documented war crimes committed by Greek Army:Izmir province: When Izmir was occupied by Greek Army, a Turkish journalist shot at Greek soldiers. Enraged, Greek soldiers and collaborating Greek civilians in Izmir killed more than 2.000 civilians and soldiers who had peacefully surrendered in less than 48 hours of the occupation.They also stopped a train from Izmir to Aydın which was carrying 97 muslim people. They shot 67 men among them and raped the remaining 30 women after taking them to Çirkince (now Şirince), a Greek village.This was not made by random soldiers, but it was a part of a systematic order to cleanse the region from Turkish civilians, making Greek advance into Anatolian heartland easier.In the town of Torbalı, 87 out of 200 houses were burnt and more than 50 people were killed and many girls were raped.Aydın province: Then they proceeded to invade another town south, Aydın which also did not offer any resistance. Greek army separated the Turk and non-muslim civilians with some dress codes like hats and putting Greek inscriptions on Greek houses.The destruction which Aydın and Manisa and some other towns suffered can be clearly seen in the video below.AYDIN ,İZMİR 1922 Αϊδινίου, Yunan Ordusunun yaptığı yıkım görüntüleriThen they started to occupy houses one by one and rape some young girls as young as 10 to 14. They burnt 11.500 Turkish houses and killed hundreds of men or women who tried to stop the rapes or tried to run away from the burning houses.A burned mosque in town of Nazilli Aydın province is seen below. A Greek soldier poses.Aydın province suffered enormous destruction during the entire independence war. All the villages in the Aydın plain were demolished, looted and burned. While Greeks were fleeing before the advancing Turkish army at the end of the war, they tried to take revenge for their humiliation by killing another 205 people in Aydın, and around 300 people in Nazilli, destroying whatever left of entire towns in the province.Greek soldiers also occupied nearby town of Germencik where they excuted more than 1800 civilian young men after calling them and recording their names.All the men in Hızırbeyli village were put in the mosque of the village and were burnt alive. In Karapınar, Greek soldiers abducted 33 young women and girls from this town and they never returned. They also killed 28 people, burnt 200 houses, 2 mosques, 40 shops, 2 factories and 2 schools. In Gözpınar village alone, 245 people were killed. 89 villages around Aydın suffered similarly.In Germencik, 63 young men were forced to gather in a house in which they were killed with bayonets and thrown in a well. Only one of them survived despite his 9 wounds and told the international committee what happened to them.Many women and young girls from Aydın were raped and transferred to Athens for further rapes. A young girl in Nazilli who was going to fountain to fetch some water was captured by Greek soldiers who raped and killed her on the spot.Manisa province: Atrocities in Manisa province were no less than those in Aydın. Around 3500 people were burnt in their houses and 855 people were shot dead. More than 300 girls were raped and many of them were carried away by soldiers. Majority of the girls never came back. All the livestock and grain stocks were plundered, so no food was left for civilian Turks there, leaving them to starvation even if they managed to survive the massacre.Many people fled the city before and during the fire, but those who could not flee, like the elderly and children died burning in flames. Manisa was burnt down as seen below.They killed 1200 people in Turgutlu, burning 5800 houses. In Alaşehir, another nearby town, there were 4000 houses before the occupation. After the liberation, only 100 of them were standing. 150 women and girls were raped and dragged away with the Greek army. Most of them were later killed. Around 600 people were killed in Alaşehir. Half of entire population was gradually massacred throughout the occupation. A woman named Emine who was running away from the fire was captured by Greek soldiers, her breasts were filled with gunpowder and burnt down. Atrocities in Alaşehir was extremely devastating and graphic.In Menemen, around 1000 civilians in total were massacred. Hundreds of Turkish men were sent to Athens to forced labor and many perished because of lack of food there.Manisa had been reduced to ashes and it was not more than a cemetery after the liberation in 1922 as seen below:They burnt 18 villages in Tire, 60 in Ödemiş, 83 in Akhisar, Kırkağaç, Gördes and Soma. Thousands of people sought refuge in forests and mountains.Entire town of Gördes was burnt down and out of 1500 houses, only 27 were left. 10 mosques were burnt down as well. More than 60 women and teenage girls were raped in Gördes and Kayacı alone.Balıkesir province: Greek army and local Greeks killed 890 people in Bandırma alone, a seaside town of Balıkesir. 2228 were tortured, 1219 were wounded, 113 women and 94 virgin girls were raped. 6134 houses were burnt. All the money, food, livestocks were looted.In this province there was a high concentration of Circassian immigrants who fled Russia 50 years earlier and welcomed by Ottomans who gave them land and accomodation, settling them throughout fertile regions of the Empire. But Circassians in Balıkesir declared that they were taking the side of Greeks and joined some atrocities against their fellow muslim Turkish brothers, the very people who had welcomed them and saved them from extermination in Russia.Greek soldiers forcing Anatolian Turkish peasants -around 70 years old to dig their own graves.Bilecik province: This small province was the actual birthplace of Ottoman empire, as they first settled there. Greeks and Turks there had lived in harmony since the birth of the Empire. Greek soldiers had a special grudge against the town of Söğüt, the first Ottoman town ever, where Osman Ghazi I, founder of the empire was born.In Bilecik, the provincial center, 1800 houses, 330 shops, 18 bazaars, 4 baths, 2 sufi tekkes, 1 masjid (small mosque) and 8 mosques, 2 silk factories, 9 bakeries, 6 government buildings, 2 schools were burnt. 22 people (women and men) were burnt alive, 8 strangled to death, 21 virgin girls were raped, 52 married women were raped, 18 fetuses were killed in their mothers wombs,Bilecik after the liberation (photo taken by Frederic Gadmer, a French photographer):Almost all the villages and towns in the province were burnt down, hundreds of people were killed, hundreds of women were raped and carried away with the Greek army with no re-appearance.In Söğüt, the birthplace of Ottomans, a 13 years old Turkish girl was raped and abducted by Greek soldiers. 40 men and 60 women were put in the Grand Mosque of the town and burnt alive with the mosque.The tomb of Ertuğrul Bey, father of Osman Ghazi and founder of the Ottoman Dynasty was demolished, and his grave was dug by Greek soldiers as seen below. A muslim woman was raped and killed in the tomb with breasts cut off and body left there.In the center of Söğüt, 350 houses were burnt. Many civilian muslims were killed and numerous virgin girls and young women were raped and dragged away with the Greek army. All of the properties, food and money were plundered.In the villages around the town, aproximately 800 houses were looted and burnt. No villages were spared. Hundreds of people were tortured to death.YUNAN İŞGALİNDEN SONRA BİLECİK'İN HİÇ GÖRÜNMEMİŞ FOTOĞRAFLARIChristian Greeks who lived in Bilecik province (%30 of the province) in peace until that time (between 1071 and 1919, thanks to classic Seljuq and Ottoman tolerance) eagerly joined these atrocities and massacres against their own neighbors to get their own share.Bozöyük town of Bilecik was extremely lucky to only suffer 7 rapes with only 7 houses burnt. But it was not due to forgiving nature of Greek army. All the people had fled the town and took refuge in mountains in advance.Sakarya Province: This province was called Adapazarı then, now named after the Sakarya river. Greek occupation had reached the western bank of the river. Adapazarı was occupied on 26th of March, 1921 by Greek 11th Detachment.Atrocities in this province form very long reports, but for short, local Greek and Armenian bandits and gangs started to attack villages after Greek occupation. 25 districts of the provincial center Adapazarı and 45 villages throughout the province were burnt down, and almost all villages suffered countless rapes. (The province population in 1914 was as follows: around 76.000 Turkish majority and some 8.000 Greeks and 16.000 Armenians)Sapanca town also suffered heavily. 325 houses, 170 shops and storage rooms, 17 mills were burnt down, 55 people were taken captives and 24 people were killed. All nearby large villages were completely burnt down. While Greek army was withdrawing from the region, soldiers killed more than 100 men. All the villages suffered gang rapes, all the virgin girls and even young boys were raped. Greek army and Armenian gangs did all those horrible war crimes hand in hand.Afyonkarahisar province: Greek army was fleeing before advancing regular Turkish forces this time, so they wanted to take revenge by putting 600 men in the Grand Mosque in Karahisar, the provincial center to burn them. This time, Turkish army arrived on time, so the men were rescued. Afyon and nearby towns suffered enormous destruction just like Uşak and Manisa.386 people were killed in Karahisar, 17 in Emirdağ, 4 in Sandıklı, 65 in Sincanlı. 115 villages around Karahisar were occupied. 74 villages were completely burnt down.221 girls and women were raped in Afyonkarahisar, 17 in Emirdağ, 6 in Sandıklı, 204 in Sincanlı. Even pregnant women were bayoneted in Eğret. There were countless accounts of massacre, arson, rape and looting throughout the province.In village of Sipsin, 28 people were randomly killed. Sandıklı was briefly occupied, but it thoroughly suffered all kinds of massacres and rapes in those brief days.In total, 472 people were killed in entire province, 132 people were taken prisoners, 448 women and girls were raped, 36.624 livestock animals and 1.176.600 kg food were looted and 2176 people were forced to labor. Still, this was a very lucky province. Greek army had no time to burn the city and commit atrocities, as it was retreating hastily.An Anatolian Turkish woman is being forced by Greek soldiers to dance for them probably before being raped and killed, as seen below:Uşak province: More than 300 muslim bodies were discovered near the city after the liberation of the city by Turkish national army. They were completely robbed off before being killed. 1785 houses, 634 shops, 16 mosques were burnt. 6 bodies of Muslim Turkish women were discovered in the city cemetery. There were stakes stabbed in their genitals. More than 1000 Turks had been killed in the province. Most atrocities were committed by local Greeks and Armenians who were allowed to live there in peace for 900 years after Turkish conquest of the region (A French report by M. Charles Giroud). Around 300 of the victims were children who had been gathered. They could not stand before soldiers and massacred innocent civilians instead.UŞAK'TA YUNAN YANGINI VE MEZALİMİKütahya province: Some Turkish men were forced to gather by Greek army, by commander Nekas, who had their beards and moustaches shaved, then made holes in their bodies, filling it with gun powder and burning them alive for fun. In Emet, they killed 28 women and men, destroying the entire town.A raped Turkish woman.This mountainous province had been evacuated and it was not on the direct occupation line of Greek army, so it relatively suffered less than Aydın, Manisa or Bilecik. Another reason was the civilians who had now prepared themselves and they had standing defense units. Greek army was reluctant to deal with armed villagers. But whenever there was no resistance, they burnt houses, killed people, raped women without a second thought.Yalova Province: Yalova suffered enormous destruction, as well. Villages were burned by local Greek and Armenian gangs in Yalova province, as seen below. They had become bolder with the presence of Greek army. Again, Circassians joined these massacres against their fellow muslim compatriots, as they felt no gratitude to their Ottoman saviors, following their own agenda.According to Maurice Gehri, the president of Red Cross committe that inspected the allegations of war crimes and massacres in Yalova region, 6000 Turkish muslims were killed in Yalova province. Ottoman figures include a larger area and 9100 people. 5500 people were killed in Yalova city center alone. Arnold Toynbee who was among the committee witnessed many of these atrocities and although he was a pro-Greek author until that time, he became an anti-Greek one after seeing so much massacre and destruction. In Kocadere alone, more than 500 people were massacred and burnt.Denizli ProvinceThis province was only partially occupied, namely towns of Çal, Buldan, Sarayköy and Çivril and their villages.In Çal, they tortured some rich people to get their money, stole all the livestock and took it to Izmir, raped some women, killed random villagers who worked in their fields. Greek soldiers tortured a man from Molla village of Çal town who confessed the place of his 5000 liras, then killed him. They slaughtered most of the livestock in the village in Easter, beat some villagers who resisted them. Some women were raped in Şeyh Elvan and Kavaklar villages of Çal town and in the main square of the Şeyh Elvan village before eyes of the entire village.In Buldan, some people were arrested for having guns. They were either buried alive or crucified. Soldiers crippled all the survivors. Village of Boğazçiftlik was burnt down together with its residents. 200 people were killed in Buldan town center alone. In Umurköy village, a Greek detachment gathered 24 civilians in a stable and burnt them alive.In villages of Sarayköy, around 200 civilians were killed and some 30 women and girls were raped.In Çivril, they killed around 10 people. In Cabar village, soldiers killed more than 90 including children, elderly and women, and then burnt down the village. A beautiful Turkish girl from Çivril was dragged to Athens to become forced mistress of a Greek commander.As there was strong armed resistance in this province, fires in most towns were put down by national Turkish forces before fully affecting the towns and villages.Bursa province:Sofocles, son of Venizelos (Prime minister of Greece whom Greeks respect most and who started the war) kicks the grave of Osman Ghazi I, the father of Ottoman dynasty and founder of the empire in Bursa, one of the main cities of Turks after enjoying a booze with his soldiers in his tomb. He says: “Osman, I destroyed the empire you built”. After those “bold” words, he poses for a photo to save this moment.A mass burial site of Turks in Organgazi Town in rural Bursa.A burnt mosque in Yenişehir in Bursa provinceGreek soldiers had to evacuate the city as the Turkish army was coming closer. Before they left, they set fire to the prison where they held 657 Turks who were prominent people. All of them were burnt to death.They would burn the entire city and commit the same atrocities, but this time Allies had foreseen this move, taken some measures and they did not leave the entire control of Bursa to Greeks.Eskişehir province: Greek army burnt 45 villages entirely and 26 partially in Sivrihisar town only. They burnt people by gathering them in mosques. All the human settlements between Eskişehir and Sivrihisar had been reduced to ruins. Men who tried to protect their wives or sisters from rape were killed in villages of Mülk, Oğlakçı and Kocaş. Sivrihisar luckily suffered less casualties, as the Mayor who was a doctor himself was forced by Greeks to treat their wounded soldiers, and he required that no one would harm his town or people in return for his treatment.Ankara province:Greek soldiers taking some muslim women away with them in Haymana town of Ankara province, as seen below. Atrocities were less here, as the national Turkish army was here and fighting against Greeks. There was no time for easy war spoils.There are many untold statistics and stories as well. 97% of houses in entire Western Anatolia were destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were killed, tens of thousands of women were raped and thousands of them were abducted, millions of people were displaced. Tens of billion dollars worth of looting and vandalism were carried out.Anatolia is at the crossroads of the Mankind and so it had always been an attractive fertile target and it had been invaded by many other nations countless times. Almost all nearby nations had invaded it whenever they felt that it was the right moment, from early Mesopotamian civilizations to Cymmerians, Hittites to Phrygians, Celts and Scythians to Medes, Achamaenid Persian Empire to Alexander the Great, Seleukos and Pontus kingdoms to the Roman Republic, Sassanid empire to Byzantine Empire, Muslim Caliphate to Crusaders, Seljuqs to Mongols, Ottomans to Timur, Safavids to Colonial Britain, France and Italy.But it had never faced with such an extensive and complete destruction up to that moment. All the invading nations committed certain crimes and atrocities. But it was usually punitive actions to cities that refused to surrender or for looting. The conquerors usually admired local people and they were always ready to have more local people to get more taxes.But this occupation was more devastating than all the others. Complete destruction of defenseless cities, towns and villages that were occupied without resistance is something beyond what human mind can conceive.Cenghis Khan had spared some towns in Central Asia, even crusaders had skipped some cities in Levant, even Nazi Germany had spared some ethnicities like Poles and some cities in Eastern Europe. Seljuks and Ottomans had allowed Greeks to live in peace for 900 years. But in less than 3 years, Greek army destroyed entire Western Anatolia.Special vandalism units in the Greece army destroyed entire towns and villages, and all the army committed all kinds of atrocities against defenseless civilians.The region occupied and destroyed by Greeks is seen below. The smaller Izmir area was occupied by Venizelos and the rest by Gunaris governments respectively. The thick line shows the extent of Greek occupation. It took 3 years to occupy the region even when there were no real armies, but Turkish national army finally recovered its morale and strength and after an initial defeat in Eskişehir, and a tactic victory in Polatlı, it liberated the entire region in just one week after the Dumlupınar war in Kütahya.Note: I am not blaming people of Greece today, because no son can be considered guilty of his father’s crimes.I am sure ordinary Greek people at that time didn’t mean any military intervention in Anatolia either, let alone atrocities. That’s why they voted for Gunaris who had promised them to withdraw troops, and later deceived them by taking the war much beyond Izmir. (In contrast German people had voted for Hitler.)Some Greek commanders warned Gunaris that occupying Anatolia and killing Turks would be a catastrophe. They didn’t accept assignments made by Gunaris and refused to serve in Anatolia in the first place. Some of them wrote memories, and said that most Greek political and military leadership acknowledged the crimes committed by the Greek army and fully justified them by saying that “Turks would only understand this kind of language” and so they (the commanders who refused to accept positions in Anatolia) felt alone. There were always such silent honorable Greek people.As a firm believer of Sufi values, I am sure many Greeks would share the same common values that I believe in.Turk, Greek, Kurd, Arab, Russian or Serbian, woman or man doesn’t matter. There are only two kinds of people in this world. Good and bad. And good people are always overwhelmed by bad ones. Bad ones are everywhere and they are violent, evil, coward and wicked. They are the last in the battle front and the first in rape and plunder.Just a small warning:In Islam, it is believed that God will make everyone or everything pay for his big, small or tiny atrocities to a person, animal, plant or object with no exception.Even leaves that fall off trees first and stay under the pressure of later falling leaves will be re-brought to the divine justice and they will be turned upside down this time to compensate for what they suffered. If God cares about even the pressure of later falling leaves, imagine how those atrocities will be punished in an eternal black hellfire which is thirsty of human flesh.For those who feel bad for the victims: Every suffering of a muslim will be rewarded by God with so many generous rewards in the afterlife that they all will beg Him to allow them to go back to the Earth again and suffer a thousand times more this time. Because they will have gained rewards in just a few days, or an hour, normally what a decent muslim would have gained in a lifetime.

Technically, what makes the heavyweight boxers of today worse than the ones of the golden era?And the answer, with ratings and ample expert opinions, is:MODERN FIGHTERS ARE NOT BETTER, NOT EVEN REMOTELY CLOSE TO BETTERCREDIT PICTURE NEW YORK TIMESModern heavyweights, by the numbers, are the worst in historyThis is not based on emotion, but cold, hard, facts. The boxrec ratings have the highest ranked heavyweight of today’s fighters as Tyson Fury at #31. (Usyk is unproven as a heavy, and his rating is currently based solely on his cruiserweight achievements)The modern fighters, to put it simply, participate in what Max Kellerman and Lennox Lewis describe as the “worst era for heavyweights ever,” and the Boxrec ratings reflect this.BoxRec: RatingsTyson Fury #31, Fat Andy, #34, Deontay Wilder #64, Dillian Whyte and Luis Ortiz - both not even in the top 150 greatest heavyweights!EVERY Golden Age Heavyweight ranked higher, with Ali starting at #1!BoxRec: RatingsNOTHING better shows the disgraceful state of modern heavyweights more than ESPN commentator Stephen Smith’s reaction to Fat Andy Ruiz knocking out Anthony “I can’t fight but i can pose” Joshua:“Anthony Joshua — holder of 3 belts, gets TKO’d by Butter Bean [sic]…….I mean some dude named Andy Ruiz Jr. What a damn disgrace. Joshua looked completely gassed,” Smith tweeted.Andy Ruiz Jr., New Heavyweight Champion, Compared To Butterbean By Stephen A. SmithSIZE: Bigger does not mean better!There are writers on here, like Garrett, who know nothing of boxing, and who confuse size with skill.Boxing writer and historian, Frank Thomas, explains the difference between size and skill:"In the minds of some, size trumps all. Ergo, the Klitschkos [or Joshua] should defeat any other heavyweight who is not of similar stature. This gravely misunderstands the role of size in boxing, as amply demonstrated by yesteryear’s Primo Carnera, the Golden Age’s own Ernie Terrell, or modern fighters such as Nikolai Valuev and Lance Whitaker. In addition to height, it also misreads what “size” is.Many modern heavyweights are the same height as their 1970s counterparts, but pack twenty pounds or more of extra mass. Yet does that mass make them a better fighter? If it was earned by lifting weights, [or PED's] as is all too often the case, then the answer is no.Bulky muscles look impressive, but they do not help a fighter hit harder. Instead, they slow a fighter down and serve as useless bulk which must be hauled around the ring all night. Anyone who has trained using old school boxing methods is familiar with just how difficult it is to build good boxing muscle through weight lifting."Because fighters today are bigger, does not mean they are better. A physique like AJ's is useful if he is posing on a stage for Mr. Universe, and not a bit of help in the ring while a fat Mexican is pounding his huge posterior. His size helps him against boxers without the skill to actually box him.Second, the difference modern nutrition and training would make to older fighters.You have to assume in mythical fights that both fighters would have the advantages of the modern era. Rocky Marciano in 1955 trained to go 15 rounds non-stop, and lost weight to be able to do it. In a 12 round era, with modern nutrition and training, the Rock would come in around 205, his natural weight. Sonny Liston with modern nutrition and training, would be around 220.All the best big men are not boxing but in the NFL or NBAEmmanuel Steward said of today’s bigger fighters, "they are nowhere near as skilled as the old fighters. All the good big men are in the NFL or NBA!" He went on to say that the money is so good in the NBA and NFL, which have medical coverage and a good pension plan to boot, that fighters like Foreman and Liston, would today be in other sports.Angelo Dundee said before he died, "the great heavyweights are gone. Lennox Lewis was the last great heavyweight you will see in your lifetime. These guys coming up just can't box!" Dundee reinforced what Manny Steward said, that today’s big men are simply not as good athletes as their Golden Age predecessors.Skill wise, experts say modern fighters are sadly lackingIn any event, modern fighters not only are not superior to fighters from the past, they are generally nowhere near as good.The Arc of Boxing: The Rise and Decline of the Sweet Science: Mike Silver, Foreword by Budd Schulberg: 9780786493876: Amazon.com: BooksIn this riveting book, Mike Silver point by point shows the ongoing deterioration of boxers' skills, their endurance, the decline in the number of fights and the psychological readiness of championship-caliber boxers. The strengths and weaknesses of today's superstars are analyzed and compared to those of such past greats as Joe Louis, Sugar Ray Robinson, Jack Dempsey and Jake LaMotta - and the modern fighters simply do not stand up in the comparison.Fighters today fight far fewer rounds, box less in the gym, and simply do not learn the fundamentals of the game. Tyson Fury and Luis Ortiz are the only heavyweights in the top ten who actually can box! And Fury is coming off a near 4 year drink and drug binge, and Ortiz is at least 40! Oleksandr Usyk can actually box, but he is unproven as a heavyweight at this time.The great trainers are a distant memoryTraining hasn’t improved in any way. If anything there are less qualified trainers than ever before. Joe Frazier commented in KO Magazine, March 1999, ‘These guys aren’t trained by real champions, by great ex-fighters.”The best trainers in history were fighters who knew all the secrets of the game. Rocky Marciano's trainer, Charley Goldman, claimed to have had over 300 pro fights. Jack Blackburn, Joe Louis’ trainer, was one of the great fighters of the turn of the century and had over 160 pro fights. He fought the likes of Joe Gans, Sam Langford, and Harry Greb. They learned to fight by fighting, and then by working with other great trainers.That level of experience is completely gone from the sport today.Ray Arcel, Hall of Fame Trainer, who learned himself from some of the greats, like Benny Leonard and Whitey Bimstein, noted right before his death, "Boxing is not really boxing today. It’s theater. Some kids might look good. But they don’t learn their trade. If you take a piece of gold out of the ground, you know its gold. But you have to clean it. You have to polish it. But there aren’t too many guys capable (today) of polishing a fighter.”Boxing Historian Monte Cox said "The myth most often foisted today is: Fighters are “bigger, faster, stronger and better” than ever. Do they have superior fundamentals? Do they throw more punches? Are they “new and improved” and better than the legends? The answer to all that is NO."There are fewer boxers, fewer trainers, and fewer fights todayThe state of boxing is deplorable, especially in the US, today.By every metric that matters, the sport is far less healthy in the US than it was 40-50 years ago. Those metrics include key indicators like the number of licensed fighters and the number of promoted events. Both are significantly lower than they were 50 years ago. In fact, both are significantly lower than they were in the 1930′s.Even counting the relatively greater popularity of the sport in England and Eastern Europe, there are still less fighters total, in the world, licensed to fight than there were in 1970, almost 50 years ago!The last unified undisputed heavyweight champion was 20 years ago, with Lennox Lewis, and as Angelo Dundee said before he died, "the great heavyweights are gone. Lennox Lewis was the last great heavyweight you will see in your lifetime. These guys coming up just can't box!"The heavyweight division is in especially bad shape, with one champion who boxes, as his trainer says, at the skill level of an 11 year old, and the other champion the fattest heavyweight of history, a guy who couldn’t beat any of the top Golden Age fighters at anything but a hot dog eating contest. Wilder can’t box, Fury can’t punch, Ruiz can’t stop eating, and Joshua can’t fight a lick.The best fighters today would be club fighters in the Golden AgeFat Any Ruiz had a 63% KO rate against 33 tomato cans, and losses against the only contenders he faced. Skill wise, to compare him to a great fighter like Sonny Liston is insulting to Liston, who would have knocked 40 pounds of fat off of him in 2 minutes.Fat Andy is presently listed #85 of all time by Boxrec, who has him behind such fighters as John Ruiz, Max Baer, and every single great fighter of the Golden Age.BoxRec: RatingsSonny Liston was a truly outstanding technical boxer. Despite his awesome strength and power, “he took his time to set his opponents up, to gauge their skills and reaction time, before finishing them,” said Angelo Dundee.Deontay Wilder? Wilder is not listed by any reputable historian, boxing writer, trainer, or boxer, on the all time greatest list of fighters. His own trainer says he can’t box as well as an 11 year old Golden Gloves fighter.Wilder is not listed on the top 25 all time heavyweights by Boxrec’s computer:BoxRec: RatingsDeontary is in fact listed 64th of all time by the Boxrec computer:BoxRec: RatingsAs to why this is so, no historian believes Wilder has all time ability. He has a great punch, a genuine one hitter quitter, but his own trainer says he cannot box.So where is Wilder among all time great boxers?I wouldn't rank him anywhere near the top 20. Boxrec has him at #64, which is probably about right. He has only fought two men who could actually box, and one of them, Ortiz, was 40, and slow as a glacier, and the other, Fury, has no power at all and drew with him. His other opponents couldn't collectively carry Joe Frazier's jock across a gym. His own trainer says he can't box as well as the trainer did at 11.You want an impressive knockout? How about Sonny Liston knocking out Wayne Bethea in 1958 in 69 seconds of the first round? Liston dropped Bethea for the first time in his career, knocking out 7 teeth, with 9 more broken! 16 teeth knocked out or broken with one punch!Neither Mike Tyson nor Rocky Marciano, nor George Foreman himself ever managed that much damage with a single punch.Bethea, never the same again, said of Liston "he must have hit me with a horseshoe in his glove!"Nor was that the only time Sonny hit men with unbelievable power that eclipse's anything anyone else has done - in the mid 60's, Sonny sparred with Ray Shoeninger in Denver, and he hit him with a jab so hard, the stitching in Ray's protective headgear literally tore and the headgear came apart with the blow, which getting through, knocked out three teeth!When Sonny knocked out #2 ranked Zora Foley, they thought Foley might be dead, and when Foley finally regained consciousness, he asked Sonny, who was standing next to the referee, what happened. "I knocked you out," said Liston matter of factly.Anthony Joshua? If we were having a posing contest the Ponderous Brit might place. But he can’t take a punch, he can’t adapt in the ring, and he rushes forward willy-nilly to engage when buzzed. The result: an obese journeyman became the fattest heavyweight champ in history.Tyson Fury can’t punch, Dillain Whyte can’t box, Anthony Joshua can only pose and Luis Ortiz is ancient, and slow. The ratings reflect this.BoxRec: RatingsAll the Golden Age greats are listed by the numbers higher than modern fightersBoxRec: RatingsTyson Fury is #31, below every Golden Age great. Anthony Joshua is listed #34 on all time rankings, just 34 places below Ali and 13 below Foreman. Fat Andy is #43.Dillian Whyte, who Bob “I know nothing and never check anything” Garrett listed as better than Golden Age greats is not even listed in the top 100 heavyweights of all time. Hell, Whyte is not listed in the top 150 fighters!Luis Ortiz is also not listed in the top 150 heavyweights of all time.Muhammad Ali is #1, Frazier is #10, Foreman and Liston in the top 20.BoxRec: RatingsTyson Fury is the best of the poorest era in historyBoxRec: RatingsTyson Fury, who could not punch his way out of a wet paper bag, is the highest rated modern heavyweight (Usyk, unproven as a heavyweight, is not counted, because his rating is based on his cruiserweight achievements - and even so, he is behind every Golden Age Great!Fury is a fine example that sheer size can only buy you so much. He simply does not compare with any Golden Age fighter, and the fact that a man with two wins over top 100 competition, against an old man and a guy who can’t box is considered the top of the era says volumes about the technical skill of today’s fighters, or lack thereof.Multiple sanctioning bodies leave fans unsure who is champion of whatIt used to be there were eight undisputed champions. Now there are 17 weight classes, and five title belts, plus the Ring Championships, for a total of 102 champions for the 17 weight classes! Then they have super, interim, and regular champions, so they have, potentially, 306 champions! That is 306 compared to 8 in the days of Sugar Ray Robinson.Each of the five organizations, the WBC, WBA, WBO, IBF, and the IBO, charge sanctioning fees for their title fights. They also charge for their elimination fights, and for everything else they can manage to screw a penny out of fighters for. They are all allied in one form or another with certain promotors, and certain Television viewing options, et al. None of them work well with the others, and none of the viewing platforms do either. The horde of sanctioning organizations allows the horde of viewing platforms and promotors to con the public and bilk everyone out of more money.Until 1965 there was basically one champion - the WBA/WBC split over Ali’s rematch with Liston was a forerunner of multiple champions, and much confusion.Promoters not letting fighters fight the best competitionTyson Fury would like to fight Joshua to unify the titles - what chance do you think that will happen?Ha, ha, ha.Ever since Floyd Mayweather introduced the value of “0” as in no defeats, no promoter wants to let a money fighter fight anyone who might endanger their value. Case in point: Eddie Hearn and Anthony Joshua. They could have had a Fury or Wilder fight years ago, but Hearn deliberately low-balled both.Nor is that the only case. Al Haymon won’t let Errol Spence fight Terrance Crawford, who is promoted by Bob Arum.People have asked "Did Pacquiao ever offer to fight Kell Brook? … Errol Spence? … Terence Crawford? … even Shawn Porter? " Yes, he wanted to fight all of them! Why didn't he fight them? Because never was, up until last year, he fought for Bob Arum, and all of them except for Brock fight for the same rival promoter who scuttled a Spence-Crawford fight, Al Haymon.Kell Brook worked for Eddie Hearn, who also has a poor relationship with Arum, and any Pacquiao vs. Brook fight would have been held in England, which neither Arum nor Pacquiao was keen on. Now Manny works for Al Haymon, who also has a poor relationship with Eddie Hearn - and that fight won't get made not because Manny does not want it (Kell Brook trying to starve himself back to welterweight would be so weak Manny would eat him alive) but because Haymon won't work with Hearn.it used to be that the best fought the best, but now, it is simply not the case, most of the time.Bob Arum just announced this week that Terrence Crawford may fight an MMA bout and then a boxing match with a UFC star because they cannot get any of Al Haymon’s welterweight stable into the ring.That says it all. The best welterweight boxer in the world has to consider fighting an MMA star because rival promoters keep the other good welterweights from boxing him.Racism was one ugly reason so many great Black fighters arose back in the dayJon Jones mentions this all the time - and he is spot on.Ken Burns, the great filmmaker who produced “Unforgivable Blackness” about Jack Johnson, has noted that young Black men flocked to boxing in the 20th century as a way to earn a living. He also noted with the real end of segregation in the 1960’s, there appears to be far fewer young African-American men boxing because there are other, better, ways to make a living, in other sports, and in general.WK Stratton wrote in Floyd Patterson how boxing was one of the few avenues to a young Black man in the 1940’s and 1950’s to escape poverty.Although things are not completely rosy today, and there are other avenues to get out, and other sports, the NFL and NBA, which pay more on average, and are less dangeorus.The rising, indisputable proof that boxing causes brain damage and neural illnessAccording to the latest research, ALL boxers, every single one, 100% of them, suffer brain trauma from boxing; ALL OF THEM, EVERY SINGLE ONE, THOUGH NOT EVERY ONE DEVELOPS ACTIVE NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS.So far the research indicates 17 out of 100 develop pugilistic dementia, and about 23% more develop other neurological symptoms.Again, according to the most recent studies, EVERY SINGLE BOXER has brain damage - the key appears to be, most appear to be uneffected by it, BUT IT IS STILL THERE.In fact, according to very reputable studies by British researcher Dr. A.H. Roberts, any fighter who fights professionally, has a 100% chance of having brain trauma - but that trauma is not necessarily disabling, nor is it certain to develop into dementia. A fighter’s chances of developing dementia pugilistica (DP), (also called chronic traumatic brain injury (CTBI), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)) are approximately 17 out of 100 if the figures consistent with the general population of boxers holds true for him.According to a retrospective, randomized study by Dr. A.H. Roberts regarding CTBI among ex-boxers competing in Great Britain, ALL boxers tested had evidence of chronic brain injury, and approximately 17% had symptoms consistent with DP, which was believed to have been the result of repetitive concussive and/or sub-concussive head traumas, generally over the course of many years.In other words all boxers had some evidence of chronic trauma, and 17 boxers out of 100 suffered dementia as a direct result of fighting. The key appears to be length of time during which repetitive concussive and sub-concussive blows to the head were suffered.The sad truth is, most boxers do not have long, happy, healthy, lives. The ones that escape with their faculties intact, most often do not escape with their money intact, nor are they able to successfully translate their fame into lasting fortune.The problem is the trauma that head blows bring appears to be permanentOne might think that a defensive master like Floyd Mayweather, for instance, is less likely than most to develop pugilistic dementia, but that does not factor in the ferocious sparring sessions he engaged in at Mayweather Gym, and it does not factor in that the critical factor appears to be length of time fighting. The longer one fights, the worse the trauma, and greater liklihood of dehabilitating damage.Indeed, the fighter generally regarded as the ultimate defensive fighter, the finest of all time, Willie Pep, died of pugilistic dementia.According to the American Medical Association, up to 40 percent of ex-boxers have been found to have symptoms of chronic brain injury. Most of these boxers, about 60%, have relatively mild symptoms. But about 13–20% suffer severe, progressive, impairment. Recent studies have shown that almost all professional boxers (even those without symptoms) have some degree of brain damage.How much impairment do boxers suffer? it depends on the individual, how long they fought, how many blows they took, and a host of factors. One thing is certain, beyond any reasonable doubt as Dr. Max Hietala, MD, PhD, says: "the more you get punched in the head, the greater the possibility of long term damage. Period."A study by the American Academy of Neurology in 2007 found blows to the head in amateur boxing appear to cause brain damage. "This data shows blows to the head in boxing, over time, are associated with neurochemical evidence of brain damage," said study author Max Hietala, MD, PhD, with Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden.But what about the effects of boxing over time?What is the truth about boxing, blows to the head, and cognitive impairment?The cumulative effect of head blows in boxing is vicious.One highly regarded scientific study, by the Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Committee, National Football League, and published in the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Search database, addresses impact biomechanics from boxing punches causing translational and rotational head acceleration. Olympic boxers threw four different punches at an instrumented Hybrid III dummy and responses were compared with laboratory-reconstructed NFL concussions.Head injury criterion (HIC) for boxing punches was lower than for NFL concussions because of shorter duration acceleration. Boxers deliver punches with proportionately more rotational than translational acceleration than in football concussion. Boxing punches have a 65 mm effective radius from the head center of gravity (CG) , which is almost double the 34 mm in football. A smaller radius in football prevents the helmets from sliding off each other in a tackle.Olympic boxers deliver punches with high impact velocity but lower HIC and translational acceleration than in football impacts because of a lower effective punch mass. They cause proportionately more rotational acceleration than in football. Modeling shows that the greatest strain is in the midbrain late in the exposure, after the primary impact acceleration in boxing and football.Interestingly, the hook produced the highest change in hand velocity (11.0 +/- 3.4 m/s) and greatest punch force (4405 +/- 2318 N) with average neck load of 855 +/- 537 N. It caused head translational and rotational accelerations of 71.2 +/- 32.2 g and 9306 +/- 4485 r/s. These levels are consistent with those causing concussion in NFL impacts.In other words, a Olympic class amateur boxer throwing a hook matches any blunt force trauma of a full body NFL impact. A pro boxer, especially a heavyweight hooker such as Mike Tyson, would vastly exceed NFL full body impact with a single left hook.Stop and think about it: one hook from someone like Mike Tyson is more damaging than a full body collision from a 300 pound NFL player launching himself at your head.Another study by the American Academy of Neurology in 2007, "Does Amateur Boxing Cause Brain Damage?" which appeared in Science Daily on 3 May 2007, found blows to the head in amateur boxing cause brain damage, according to research that presented at the American Academy of Neurology's 59th Annual Meeting in Boston, April 28 -- May 5, 2007.For the study, researchers used lumbar puncture to determine if there were elevated levels of biochemical markers for brain injury in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 14 amateur boxers. Boxers were tested after a fight and then again three months after rest from boxing. The study also included 10 healthy men who were not athletes.The study found high CSF levels of neuronal and glial markers suggestive of brain damage after a fight. A particular marker for neuronal damage, neurofilament light (NFL), was four times higher in boxers within 10 days of the fight as compared with healthy non-athletes. These increased levels returned to normal after three months rest from boxing for amateurs- but the study stipulated that continued fighting, for years, would cause no return to normality, and progressive degeneration.Another study, published in Frontiers of Public Health published on July 21, 2014, by the Maryland State Athletic Commission, the Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and other entities, attempted to measure cognitive impairment in boxers from head trauma.Among professional boxers, the majority of injuries occur in the facial area (51%). Additional areas of injury include the hands (17%), eyes (14%), and nose (5%).Evidence from amateur and professional settings suggested that boxers may suffer from acute cognitive impairment post-injury. Areas of dysfunction noted include delayed memory, information processing and verbal fluency, and spatial and mathematical processing. Dr. Collie Moriarity also found significant slowing in simple and choice reaction time among a group of amateur boxers whose matches were stopped by the referee.Interest in the chronic consequences of professional boxing is longstanding. In 1928, H. A. Martland published a seminal article titled “Punch Drunk” in which he hypothesized about the relationship between boxing and brain injury.Overtime this condition has also been called dementia pugilistica (DP), chronic traumatic brain injury (CTBI), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).Remember Dr. Roberts research: 17 boxers out of 100 suffered dementia as a direct result of fighting.In all studies, the deadliness of boxing cannot be overstated. The force of a professional boxer's fist is equivalent to being hit with a 13-pound bowling ball traveling 20 miles per hour, or about 52 times the force of gravity.According to the Journal of Combative Sport, from January of 1960 to August of 2011, there were 488 boxing-related deaths. The journal attributes 66 percent of these deaths to head, brain or neck injuries; one was attributed to a skull fracture.According to an explosive new study out of Australia, more damage is done neurologically from sparring than from fights.Let that sink in: more brain trauma long term damage is done to fighters sparring than in actual fights.Indeed, boxers are more at risk of brain damage when sparring during training than in actual fights, because of the amount of sheer hours spent sparring, and the cumulative effects of it, according to a research study by a Australian doctor and researcher whose expertise is extremely highly regarded.CREDIT FOR PICTURE TO UNSPLASHIn a thesis prepared with colleague Michael Wang and published in the British Medical Journal, Dr Peter Lewis described boxing as “a popular activity with many health benefits” but also stressed the dangers, finding that most of the trauma contributing to brain damage boxer sustain happens in training, especially in sparring, rather than in fights.Sparring a bigger risk than real boutsIt appears all too many fighters and trainers are too old school and tough about possible brain trauma, concussions, in sparring sessions.Think about the sheer number of hours fighters spend sparring as opposed to in actual fights, and this is exactly and precisely why more neural trauma occurs during sparring than real fights.And, there is no ring doctor present during sparring, and no mandated sit outs for suspected concussions!Examination, treatment of any suspected trauma, MUST be by qualified physicians and medical experts to prevent permanent harm, or even death, whether in sparring or in actual bouts!CREDIT DOCTORS PETER LEWIS AND MICHAEL WANG, AND THE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNALIt is vital to note that no distinction is made between Class I and II concussions. That is not a decision for a layman to make, the medical professionals, in particular the Association of Ringside Physicians, mandates treatment, concussion protocols, and treatment preferably by a neurologist or neurosurgeon.The Association of Ringside Physicians has awoken as well to the inherent dangers in sparring, and has recommended not only that any boxer or MMA fighter sustaining a concussion at any time and place be barred from competing, but that a combat sports athlete’s suspension continue until a specialist physician trained in concussion management clears the fighter to return, however long that may take. Specialist physicians trained in concussion management include neurologists, neurosurgeons and primary care sports medicine physicians.https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/bjs...CREDIT THE ASSOCIATION OF RINGSIDE PHYSICIANSNor is sparring of any type risk free, even without a concussion! Trauma appears to accumulate, whether an overt injury occurs or not.Dr. Lewis’s work seems to indict that the damage is cumulative, and sparring over the long term creates lasting brain trauma even if you never fight a bout.We can only hope that fighters we see and care about are one of the 83 out of 100 boxers who seem to escape pugilistic dementia, but sadly, only time will tell.But the unquestioned advances in neural research, and the devastating effects of boxing, are having an effect on the number of young kids willing to risk their brains in the sweet science.An honest comparison of today’s fighters to past eras shows they are not as goodThe best way to compare eras is to use Boxrec’s computer rankings. Their system is not foolproof, it has flaws, but it is the best, most objective, attempt to rank fighters across time, factoring in quality of opposition, et al.We will use the glamour division, so these are the top 100 heavyweights fighting today, and we will compare them to past eras:(Usyk is not counted, as he is untested against a top 1000 heavyweight and his record was as a cruiserweight)#31 Tyson Fury#34 Anthony Joshua#54 Alexdr Povetkin#55 Marco Huck#63 Deontay Wilder#85 Andy Ruiz6 top 100 but only two in the top fifty, for all their size, none in the top twentyHow let us list the top 100 fighters active during the Klitschko era:#3 Evander Holyfield#9 Wlad Klitschko#26 Vitali Klitschko#35 John Ruiz#46 Ruslan Chaglev#49 Nikolay Valuev#54 Alexdr Povetkin#55 Marco Huck#67 Chris Byrd#99 Vyacheslab GlazkovThere were 10 top 100 heavyweights battling during the Klitschko era, 2 in the top twenty, 2 Hall of Fame alreadyHow let us list the top 100 fighters active in 1990–2000:# 3 Evander Holyfield *#6 Larry Holmes *#14 Mike Tyson#15 Lennox Lewis#18 George Foreman *#30 Riddick Bowe#35 John Ruiz#37 Mike Weaver#40 Mike Dokes#49 Nicolay Valueav#53 Adolpho Washington#66 Frank Bruno#69 Oliver McCall#70 Pinklon Thomas#78 Tony Tubbs#90 Ray MercerFive in the Hall of Fame, five in the top twenty, 16 in the top 100!How about the top 100 fighters active in 1980–1990?#1 Muhammad Ali *#6 Larry Holmes *# 10 Joe Frazier *#18 George Foreman *#26 Ken Norton#42 Jerry Quarry#58 Gerrie Coetzee#63 James Douglas#67 Jimmy Young#70 Pinklon Thomas#78 Tony Tubbs# 82 Joe Bugner#89 Leon Spinks#90 Ray MercerFive in the Hall of Fame, four top twenty, 14 top 100.How let us list the top 100 fighters active in 1970–1980, the Golden Age:#1 Muhammad Ali *#4 Floyd Patterson *#6 Larry Holmes *#10 Joe Frazier *#17 Sonny Liston *#18 George Foreman *#42 Jerry Quarry#43 Jimmy Ellis#67 Jimmy Young#70 Pinklon Thomas# 82 Joe Bugner#84 Oscar Bonavena#89 Leon Spinks#95 Ernie Terrell#97 George ChuvaloFive in the Hall of Fame, five top twenty, 15 top 100.How about the top five active in 1960–1970?#1 Muhammad Ali *#4 Floyd Patterson *#7 Bob Foster (light heavyweight champ tried twice for the heavyweight title)#17 Sonny Liston *#29 Ingemar Johnannson *#38 Eddie Machen#72 Doug Jones#74 Lee Savold#75 Zora Foley# 82 Joe Bugner#84 Oscar Bonavena#95 Ernie Terrell#96 Tommy Jackson#97 George ChuvaloFive in the Hall of Fame, 3 top twenty, 14 top 100How about the top 100 active in 1950–1960?#2 Joe Louis *#4 Floyd Patterson *#6 Rocky Marciano *#8 Ezzard Charles (ranked as light heavy, was heavyweight champ, and would have been #1 light heavy if the fights were not counted after he was symptomatic with ALS) *#27 Jimmy Bivens *#33 Joe Walcott *#72 Doug Jones#74 Lee Savold#75 Zora Foley#77 Bob Baker#92 Hans Neuhas#95 Ernie Terrell#96 Tommy Jackson#97 George Chuvalo#98 Roscoe TolesFive are in the Hall of Fame, 3 in the top twenty, 15 top 100How about 1940–1950?#2 Joe Louis *#6 Rocky Marciano *#8 Ezzard Charles (ranked as light heavy, was heavyweight champ, and would have been #1 light heavy if the fights were not counted after he was symptomatic with ALS) *#9 Billy Conn (ranked as light heavy, fought for heavyweight title twice)#12 Max Schmeling *#21 Max Baer *#27 Jimmy Bivens#36 Mello Bettina#52 Primo Carnera#57 Elmer Ray#59 Bob Pastor#60 Walter Neusel#64 Bruce Woodcock#68 Fred Fulton#98 Roscoe Toles8 in the Hall of Fame, 3 top twenty, 15 top 100!An honest look at today’s other weight classes would produce a similar, but not as dramatic, result.CREDIT FOR ALL RANKINGS, RATINGS, AND RECORDS TO BOXRECBottom line: I hope you enjoyed watching Lennox Lewis 20 years ago, he is the last great heavyweight champion you will seeLennox Lewis was the last great heavyweight undisputed champion, and, as a great trainer said, likely the last we will see in our lifetime.First, the best athletes quit being boxers, especially heavyweights, then the great trainers disappeared, then fewer fights were held, then there were four major sanctioning bodies instead of two, with a fifth one rising its ugly head, and five champions in every one of the now 17 weight classes, then the major promoters decided to keep their fighters from fighting each other, and finally, scientists and doctors are saying that boxing kills your brain.

Long list ahead. This has always cheered me up in mundane phases of life.1. ab incunabulis: from the cradle2. a bon chat, bon rat: to a good cat, a good rat (retaliation in kind)3. a bouch ouverte: with open mouth (eagerly, uncritically)4. ab ovo usque ad mala: from egg to apples (from beginning to end)5. a bras ouverts: with open arms6. ab uno disce omnes: from one learn to know all7. a coup sur: with sure stroke (surely)8. acte gratuit: gratuitous impulsive act9. ad arbitrium: at will (arbitrarily)10. ad extremum: to the extreme (at last)11. ad majorem Dei gloriam: to the greater glory of God12. ad patres: to his fathers (deceased)13. ad unguem: to the fingernail (exactly)14. ad utrumque paratus: prepared for either event15. aegri somnia: a sick man’s dreams16. aequam servare mentem: to preserve a calm mind17. aequo animo: with even mind (calmly)18. aere perennius: more lasting than bronze19. a huis clos: with closed doors20. a l’abandon: carelessly21. a la belle etoile: under the beautiful star (in the open air at night)22. a la bonne heure: at a good time (all right)23. a la page: at the page (up to the minute)24. alter idem: another self25. a maximis ad minima: from the greatest to the least26. a marveille: marvelously27. amicus humani generis: friend of the human race28. amicus usque ad aras: a friend as far as to the alters (a friend to the last extremity)29. ami de cour: court friend30. armamentum ad baculum: argument of the staff (appeal to force)31. arrectis auribus: with ears pricked up32. a torte et a travers: wrong and crosswise (without rhyme or reason)33. au bout de son latin: at the end of one’s Latin (at the end of one’s mental resources)34. au fait: to the point (socially correct)35. au grand serieux: in all serious36. au mieux: on the best terms (on intimate terms)37. aurea mediocritas: the golden mean38. auspicium melioris aevi: an omen of a better age39. ausssitot dit, aussitot fait: no sooner said than done40. autres temps, autres moeurs: other times, other customs41. aut vincere aut mori: either to conquer or to die42. bellum omnium contra onnes: war of all against all43. bien-pensant: right minded (orthodox)44. bon gre, mal gre: whether with good grace or bad (willy-nilly)45. bonis avibus: under good auspices45. brutum fulmen: insensible thunderbolt (futile threat of display of force)47. cadit quaestio: the question drops (the argument collapses)48. capable de tout: capable of anything (unpredictable)49. cause sine qua non: an indispensable cause or condition50. cheval de bataille: war-horse (argument constantly relied on)51. comedie humaine: human comedy (the whole variety of human life)52. comedie larmoyante: tearful comedy (sentimental comedy)53. comagnon de voyage: traveling companion54. compte rendu: report55. concordia discors: discordant harmony56. confessio fidei: confession of faith57. contemptus mundi: contempt for the world58. coup de maitre: masterstroke59. coup d’essai: experiment60. coute que coute: cost what it may61. cri de coeur: cry of the heart62. crise de conscience: crisis of conscience63. crise de nerfs: crisis of nerves64. crux criticorum: crux of critics65. cum grano salis: with a grain of salt66. custos morum: guardian of morals (censor)67. de bonne grice: with good grace68. de l’audace, encore de l’audace, et toujours de l’audace: audacity, more audacity, and ever more audacity69. de mal en pis: from bad to worse70. Deo favente: with God’s favor71. de profundis: out of the depths72. desipere in loco: to indulge in trifling at the proper time73. Deus absconditus: hidden God (unknowable God)74. dies faustus: lucky day75. dies infaustus: unlucky day76. dies irae: day of wrath77. esprit d’le escalier: the wit of the staircase78. faux bonhomme: false friend79. faux-naif: affectedly simple or childlike80. festina lente: make haste slowly81. feux d’artifice: fireworks, or show of wit82. folie de grandeur: delusion of greatness, megalomania83. furor loquendi: rage for speaking84. furor poeticus: rage for poetry85. furor scribendi: rage for writing86. gens du mond: fashionable people87. guerre a outrance: war to the uttermost88. haut gout: slight taint of decay89. hic illae lacrimae: hence these tears90. homme d’esprit: witty man91. in omnia paratus: ready for all things92. in partibus infidelium: in the land of the infidels93. in statu quo ante bellum: just like before the war94. januis clausis: behind closed doors95. jeu de mots: play on words96. ktema es ai: a possession for ever (enduring art or literature)97. la belle dame sans merci: the beautiful lady without mercy98. lacrimae rerum: tragedy of life99. lapsus calami: slip of the pen100. lapsus linguae: slip of the tongue101. laudatory temporis acti: one who praises past times102. lusis naturae: freak of nature103. magni nominis umbra: the shadow of a great name104. malade imaginaire: imaginary invalid105. malis avibus: under evil auspices106. mauvais quart d’heure: uncomfortable but brief experience107. meden agen: nothing in excess108. mens sana in corpore sano: a sound mind in a sound body109. metteur et scene: (stage or film) director110. meum et tuem: mine and yours111. mirabile visu: wonderful to behold112. mole ruit sua: it collapses from its own size113. monumentum aere perennius: a monument more lasting than bronze114. multum in parvo: much in little115. mysterium tremendum: overwhelming mystery116. ne quid nimis: not anything in excess117. nil admirari: equanimity118. nolens volens: willy-nilly119. nostalgie de la boue: attraction to what is unworthy, crude, or degrading120. novus homo: upstart121. novus ordo seclorum: a new cycle of the ages122. nuit blanche: sleepless night123. obscurum per obscurius: explaining the obscure by means of the more obscure124. onus probandi: burden of proof125. ore rotundo: eloquently126. otium cum dignitate: leisure with dignity127. outre-mer: overseas128. pallida Mors: pale Death129. panem et circenses: bread and circuses130. pater patriae: father of his country131. paucis verbis: in a few words132. pax vobiscum: peace be with you133. peine forte et dure: strong and hard punishment134. per angusta ad augusta: through difficulties to honors135. peu a peu: little by little136. peu de chose: a trifle137. peu d’occasion: piece for a special occasion138. piece justificative: document serving as evidence139. piece montee: set piece (said of decorative food)140. pleno jure: with full right141. plus royaliste que le roi: more royalist than the king142. pocas palabras: few words143. point de repere: point of reference144. police verso: with thumb turned (down)145. pour rire: for laughing (not to be taken seriously)146. pro aris et focis: for alters and firesides147. pro bono publico: for the public good148. pro hac vice: for this occasion149. pro patria: for one’s country150. pro rege, lege, et grege: for the king, the law, and the people151. pro re nata: as needed152. quantum mutates ab illo: how changed from what he once was153. quantum sufficit: as much as suffices154. quoad hoc: to this extent155. quod erat demonstrandum: which was to be proved156. quod erat faciendum: which was to be done157. quod semper, quod ubique, quo dab omnibus: what (has been held) always, everywhere, by everybody158. quorum pars magna fui: in which I played a great part159. raison d’etat: reason of state160. reculer pour mieux sauter: to draw back in order to make a better jump161. re infecta: the beusiness being unfinished162. religio loci: religious sanctity of a place163. ruse de guerre: war strategem164. rus in urbe: country in the city165. saeva indignatio: fierce indignation166. sal Atticum: Attic salt (wit)167. salon des refuses: salon of the refused (exhibition of officially rejected art)168. salto mortale: deadly jump (dangerous or crucial undertaking)169. sancta simplicitas: holy simplicity (naivete)170. sans doute: without doubt171. sans gene: without embarrassment or constraint172. sans peur et sans reproche: without fear and without reproach173. sans souci: without worry174. scene a faire: obligatory scene175. secundum artem: according to the art (according to the accepted practice)176. secundum naturam: according to nature (naturally)177. se defendendo: in self-defense178. semper eadem: always the same (feminine form)179. semper fidelis: always faithful180. semper idem: always the same (masculine form)181. semper paratus: always prepared182. simpliste: naive183. splendide mendax: nobly untruthful184. spolia opima: rich spoils (spoils of the victor)185. status quo ante bellum: the state existing before the war186. suaviter in modo, fortiter in re: gently in manner, strongly in deed187. suo jure: in his own right188. suo loco: inits proper palce189. suo marte: by one’s own exertions190. sur place: in place (on the spot)191. suum cuique: to each his own192. tant mieux: so much the better193. tant pis: so much the worse (too bad)194. tempus edax rerum: time, that devours all things195. totidem verbis:: in so many words196. totis viribus: with all one’s might197. toto caelo: by the whole extenet of the heavens198. toujour perdix: always partridge (too much of a good thing)199. tour d’horizon: circuit of the horizon (general survey)200. tous frais faits: all expenses defrayed201. taut au contraire: quite the contrary202. tout a vous: wholly yours (at your service)203. tout bien ou rien: everything well (done) or nothing (attempted)204. tout court: quite short (simply)205. tout de meme: all the same (nevertheless)206. tout de suite: Immediately207. tout ensemble: all together208. tout le monde: everybody209. trahison de clercs: treason of the intellectuals210. tanche de vie: slice of life211. tristesse: melancholy212. ultima ratio regum: the final argument of kings (war)213. uno animo: with one mind214. urbi et orbi: to the city and the world (to everyone)215. utile dulci: the useful with the agreeable216. va et vient: coming and going (traffic)217. ventre a terre: belly to the ground (at very great speed)218. verbatim ac litteratim: word for word, and letter for letter219. vieux jeu: old game (old hat)220. vin du pays: wine of the locality221. virgo intacta: untouched virgin222. virtute et armis: by valor of arms223. vis medicatrix natureae: the healing power of nature224. vita nuova: new life225. vox et praeterea nihil: voice and nothing moreSource: 225 Foreign Phrases to Inspire You