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If I want to sell goods in Vietnam, how can I get a license to sell them?

I will assume your goods is already inside Vietnam, so it might be originally from Vietnam’s manufacturer or imported but already passed Customs. Basically, the goods is allowed to sell in Vietnam. Now, it’s about getting selling license to start selling goods in Vietnam, here are things you need to do:Obtain a business registration certificate as well as a tax registration certificate from the local business registration office under the Department of Planning and Investment.Agency: Business Registration Office, Department of Planning & InvestmentRegistration of the seal-sample with the Business Registration Office.Agency: Business Registration OfficeIn this step you will need to obtain a company seal and get approval from the Office.According to Decree No. 78/2015/ND-CP: Article 44, every enterprise is entitled to decide the form, quantity, and contents of its seal. A seal must specify:a) The enterprise’s name;b) The enterprise’s ID number.Entrepreneurs must send the seal-sample to the Business Registration Office, thereafter the Business Registration Office will send a receipt to the enterprise and publish the seal-sample on the National Business Registration Portal.The enterprise may start using the seal upon receipt of the Publication Notice.Open a bank accountObtain and print self-printed VAT invoices.Agency: Municipal Taxation DepartmentAll companies shall use their shelf-printed VAT invoices from 1 January 2011 according to Decree No. 51/2010/ND-CP ("Decree 51") dated May 14, 2010 and its guidelines (if any), therefore, the Company must contact with the publisher to order the print of its VAT Invoice Books for its demand and must implement the legal procedure on registration and circulation of shelf-printed VAT Invoices with the Municipal Taxation Department.To register for self-printing of invoices, company founders must submit an application on a standard form, along with (a) a sample self-printed invoice, including all statutory details; (b) a map showing the location of the company’s office or copy of the lease contract if the premises are leased, certified by the ward commune people’s committee; (c) the general director’s identification card; (d) a copy of the business registration certificate; and (e) and the tax registration certificate and copy.According to Ministry of Finance Circular 64/2013/TT-BTC (May 15, 2013) which amending Ministry of Finance Circular 153/2010/TT-BTC (28 September 2010), a company can self-print the VAT invoices if it has incurred a total tax penalty amount of less than 50 million Vietnamese dong within 365 consecutive days before the first self-print.The company shall prepare an announcement of self- issuance of invoice and send it to the relevant tax authority of where the company has its head office, within 10 business days from the date of signing the announcement and 5 business days at the latest before the date on which the invoice is in use, and the announcement must immediately be listed at all establishments using such invoice to sell goods and services during the entire period of such use (Article 11 of Decree 51 and Article 9.4 of Circular 153/2010/TT-BTC guiding the implementation of Decree 51).Publish the registration contents on the National Business Registration Portal (NBRP)Agency: National Business Registration Portal (NBRP)According to Article 33, Law on Enterprises 2014 No. 68/2014/QH13, the enterprise must make an announcement on the National Business Registration Portal and pay the fee within 30 days after establishment registration. The announcement must include information on the Certificate of Business registration and information of business lines and a list of founding shareholders and any shareholders who are foreign investors.The fee to publish the registration contents on the National Business Registration Portal is VND 300,000 according to Circular No.106/2013/TT-BTC of the Ministry of Finance dated on 9 August 2013.Pay business license taxAgency: Tax office or commercial bankThe business license tax is paid to the tax authority where the enterprise registers its tax reports or through designated commercial banks. Such business license tax is paid annually and in the first month of a year (with regards to enterprises are operating) and in the month when the newly established enterprise obtains the tax registration certificate and tax code. The new company established during the first 6 months of the year shall pay the entire annual business license tax, if established during the last 6 months, then pay 50% of annual license tax.Register with the local labor office to declare use of labor (Municipal Department for Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs).Agency: Municipal Department for LaborWithin 30 days of starting operations, the employer must register all employees and their qualifications with the Labor Office (in conformity with set forms). The relationship between the employer and its employees are regulated by the Labor Code and set forth in labor contracts.Register employees with the Social Insurance Fund for the payment of health insurance and social insurance.Agency: Social Insurance FundThe company must register with the Social Insurance Fund all employees who have contracts for 3 months or longer. The employer must complete a form provided by the Hanoi Social Insurance and include the following information: the employee name and date of birth, salary (as stated in the labor contract), the social insurance book serial number (for employees already issued with those books), a certified copy of the company's business registration certificate, and a copy of each labor contract.The Social Insurance Office must, within 30 days from the date of receipt of the application file, issue an insurance registration book for each new employee that was not issued such book by the previous employer. The employer is responsible for paying social and health insurance contributions for each employee. Since the health insurance merged with the social insurance funds, payment is made (monthly or quarterly) directly to the Social Insurance Fund. Health insurance certificates are issued during the first month of the year.After finish all that, congratulation, you can start selling your goods in Vietnam. Due to the complexity, you should hire a law agency to help you get through all the stage.Source: World Bank Group

What are term sheet schedules?

In the context of a legal agreement—which is what a term sheet is—a “schedule” is a list of things that are referenced in the agreement. Often, for complex agreements, there are many things that need to be listed. Examples might be:Names and salaries of employeesNames and ownership interests of shareholdersSoftware licensesPatents and intellectual propertyComputers and other owned equipmentLeases the company has signedEtc.Instead of putting all this directly into the agreement, they will instead be listed separately and attached to the end, with the agreement itself just saying something like “the employees as listed in Schedule A”.There is no particular order in which schedules are attached, although it is typically in the order in which they are referenced in the document. And for purposes of clarity, each schedule is numbered (or, more often, lettered, starting with “Schedule A”.)To give you an idea of the kind of schedules you might find in the actual closing documents of an investment (although likely not the term sheet), take a look at this typical due diligence list:A. Organization of the Company1. Describe the corporate or other structure of the legal entities that comprise the Company. Include any helpful diagrams or charts. Provide a list of the officers and directors of the Company and a brief description of their duties.2. Long-form certificate of good standing and articles or certificate of incorporation from Secretary of State or other appropriate official in the Company's jurisdiction of incorporation, listing all documents on file with respect to the Company, and a copy of all documents listed therein.3. Current by-laws of the Company.4. List of all jurisdictions in which the Company is qualified to do business and list of all other jurisdictions in which the Company owns or leases real property or maintains an office and a description of business in each such jurisdiction. Copies of the certificate of authority, good standing certificates and tax status certificates from all jurisdictions in which the Company is qualified to do business.5. All minutes for meetings of the Company's board of directors, board committees and stockholders for the last five years, and all written actions or consents in lieu of meetings thereof.6. List of all subsidiaries and other entities (including partnerships) in which the Company has an equity interest; organizational chart showing ownership of such entities; and any agreements relating to the Company's interest in any such entity.B. Ownership and Control of the Company1. Capitalization of the Company, including all outstanding capital stock, convertible securities, options, warrants and similar instruments.2. List of securityholders of the Company (including option and warrant holders), setting forth class and number of securities held.3. Copies of any voting agreements, stockholder agreements, proxies, transfer restriction agreements, rights of first offer or refusal, preemptive rights, registration agreements or other agreements regarding the ownership or control of the Company.C. Assets and Operations1. Annual financial statements with notes thereto for the past three fiscal years of the Company, and the latest interim financial statements since the end of the last fiscal year and product sales and cost of sales (including royalties) analysis for each product which is part of assets to be sold.2. All current budgets and projections including projections for product sales and cost of sales.3. Any auditors (internal and external) letters and reports to management for the past five years (and management's responses thereto).4. Provide a detailed breakdown of the basis for the allowance for doubtful accounts.5. Inventory valuation, including turnover rates and statistics, gross profit percentages and obsolescence analyses including inventory of each product which is part of assets to be sold.6. Letters to auditors from outside counsel.7. Description of any real estate owned by the Company and copies of related deeds, surveys, title insurance policies (and all documents referred to therein), title opinions, certificates of occupancy, easements, zoning variances, condemnation or eminent domain orders or proceedings, deeds of trust, mortgages and fixture lien filings.8. Schedule of significant fixed assets, owned or used by the Company, including the identification of the person holding title to such assets and any material liens or restrictions on such assets.9. Without duplication from Section D below, or separate intellectual property due diligence checklist, schedule of all intangible assets (including customer lists and goodwill) and proprietary or intellectual properties owned or used in the Company, including a statement as to the entity holding title or right to such assets and any material liens or restrictions on such assets. Include on and off balance sheet items.D. Intellectual PropertyList of all patents, trademarks, tradenames, service marks and copyrights owned or used by the Company, all applications therefor and copies thereof, search reports related thereto and information about any liens or other restrictions and agreements on or related to any of the foregoing (without duplication from attached intellectual property due diligence checklist).E. Reports1. Copies of any studies, appraisals, reports, analyses or memoranda within the last three years relating to the Company (i.e., competition, products, pricing, technological developments, software developments, etc.).2. Current descriptions of the Company that may have been prepared for any purpose, including any brochures used in soliciting or advertising.3. Descriptions of any customer quality awards, plant qualification/certification distinctions, ISO certifications or other awards or certificates viewed by the Company as significant or reflective of superior performance.4. Copies of any analyst or other market reports concerning the Company known to have been issued within the last three years.5. Copies of any studies prepared by the Company regarding the Company's insurance currently in effect and self-insurance program (if any), together with information on the claim and loss experience thereunder.6. Any of the following documents filed by the Company or affiliates of the Company and which contain information concerning the Company: annual reports on SEC Form 10-K; quarterly reports on SEC Form 10-Q; current reports on SEC Form 8-K.F. Compliance with Laws1. Copies of all licenses, permits, certificates, authorizations, registrations, concessions, approvals, exemptions and other operating authorities from all governmental authorities and any applications therefor, and a description of any pending contemplated or threatened changes in the foregoing.2. A description of any pending or threatened proceedings or investigations before any court or any regulatory authority.3. Describe any circumstance where the Company has been or may be accused of violating any law or failing to possess any material license, permit or other authorization. List all citations and notices from governmental or regulatory authorities.4. Schedule of the latest dates of inspection of the Company's facilities by each regulatory authority that has inspected such facilities.5. Description of the potential effect on the Company of any pending or proposed regulatory changes of which the Company is aware.6. Copies of any information requests from, correspondence with, reports of or to, filings with or other material information with respect to any regulatory bodies which regulate a material portion of the Company's business. Limit response to the last five years unless an older document has a continuing impact on the Company.7. Copies of all other studies, surveys, memoranda or other data on regulatory compliance including: spill control, environmental clean-up or environmental preventive or remedial matters, employee safety compliance, import or export licenses, common carrier licenses, problems, potential violations, expenditures, etc.8. State whether any consent is necessary from any governmental authority to embark upon or consummate the proposed transaction.9. Schedule of any significant U.S. import or export restrictions that relate to the Company's operations.10. List of any export, import or customs permits or authorizations, certificates, registrations, concessions, exemptions, etc., that are required in order for the Company to conduct its business and copies of all approvals, etc. granted to the Company that are currently in effect or pending renewal.11. Any correspondence with or complaints from third parties relating to the marketing, sales or promotion practices of the Company.G. Environmental Matters1. A list of facilities or other properties currently or formerly owned, leased, or operated by the Company and its predecessors, if any.2. Reports of environmental audits or site assessments in the possession of the Company, including any Phase I or Phase II assessments or asbestos surveys, relating to any such facilities or properties.3. Copies of any inspection reports prepared by any governmental agency or insurance carrier in connection with environmental or workplace safety and health regulations relating to any such facilities or properties.4. Copies of all environmental and workplace safety and health notices of violations, complaints, consent decrees, and other documents indicating noncompliance with environmental or workplace safety and health laws or regulations, received by the Company from local, state, or federal governmental authorities. If available, include documentation indicating how such situations were resolved.5. Copies of any private party complaints, claims, lawsuits or other documents relating to potential environmental liability of the Company to private parties.6. Listing of underground storage tanks currently or previously present at the properties and facilities listed in response to Item 1 above, copies of permits, licenses or registrations relating to such tanks, and documentation of underground storage tank removals and any associated remediation work.7. Descriptions of any release of hazardous substances or petroleum known by the Company to have occurred at the properties and facilities listed in response to Item 1, if such release has not otherwise been described in the documents provided in response to Items 1-6 above.8. Copies of any information requests, PRP notices, "106 orders," or other notices received by the Company pursuant to CERCLA or similar state or foreign laws relating to liability for hazardous substance releases at off-site facilities.9. Copies of any notices or requests described in Item 8 above, relating to potential liability for hazardous substance releases at any properties or facilities described in response to Item 1.10. Copies of material correspondence or other documents (including any relating to the Company's share of liability) with respect to any matters identified in response to Items 8 and 9.11. Copies of any written analyses conducted by the Company or an outside consultant relating to future environmental activities (i.e., upgrades to control equipment, improvements in waste disposal practices, materials substitution) for which expenditure of funds greater than $10,000 is either certain or reasonably anticipated within the next five years and an estimate of the costs associated with such activities.12. Description of the workplace safety and health programs currently in place for the Company's business, with particular emphasis on chemical handling practices.H. Litigation1. List of all litigation, arbitration and governmental proceedings relating to the Company to which the Company or any of its directors, officers or employees is or has been a party, or which is threatened against any of them, indicating the name of the court, agency or other body before whom pending, date instituted, amount involved, insurance coverage and current status. Also describe any similar matters which were material to the Company and which were adjudicated or settled in the last ten years.2. Information as to any past or present governmental investigation of or proceeding involving the Company or the Company's directors, officers or employees.3. Copies of all attorneys' responses to audit inquiries.4. Copies of any consent decrees, orders (including applicable injunctions) or similar documents to which the Company is a party, and a brief description of the circumstances surrounding such document.5. Copies of all letters of counsel to independent public accountants concerning pending or threatened litigation.6. Any reports or correspondence related to the infringement by the Company or a third party of intellectual property rights.I. Significant Contracts and Commitments1. Contracts relating to any completed (during the past 10 years) or proposed reorganization, acquisition, merger, or purchase or sale of substantial assets (including all agreements relating to the sale, proposed acquisition or disposition of any and all divisions, subsidiaries or businesses) of or with respect to the Company.2. All joint venture and partnership agreements to which the Company is a party.3. All material agreements encumbering real or personal property owned by the Company including mortgages, pledges, security agreements or financing statements.4. Copies of all real property leases relating to the Company (whether the Company is lessor or lessee), and all leasehold title insurance policies (if any).5. Copies of all leases of personal property and fixtures relating to the Company (whether the Company is lessor or lessee), including, without limitation, all equipment rental agreements.6. Guarantees or similar commitments by or on behalf of the Company, other than endorsements for collection in the ordinary course and consistent with past practice.7. Indemnification contracts or arrangements insuring or indemnifying any director, officer, employee or agent against any liability incurred in such capacity.8. Loan agreements, notes, industrial revenue bonds, compensating balance arrangements, lines of credit, lease financing arrangements, installment purchases, etc. relating to the Company or its assets and copies of any security interests or other liens securing such obligations.9. No-default certificates and similar documents delivered to lenders for the last five (or shorter period, if applicable) years evidencing compliance with financing agreements.10. Documentation used internally for the last five years (or shorter time period, if applicable) to monitor compliance with financial covenants contained in financing agreements.11. Any correspondence or documentation for the last five years (or shorter period, if applicable) relating to any defaults or potential defaults under financing agreements.12. Contracts involving cooperation with other companies or restricting competition.13. Contracts relating to other material business relationships, including:a. any current service, operation or maintenance contracts;b. any current contracts with customers;c. any current contracts for the purchase of fixed assets; andd. any franchise, distributor or agency contracts.14. Without duplicating Section D above or the intellectual property due diligence schedule hereto, contracts involving licensing, know-how or technical assistance arrangements including contracts relating to any patent, trademark, service mark and copyright registrations or other proprietary rights used by the Company and any other agreement under which royalties are to be paid or received.15. Description of any circumstances under which the Company may be required to repurchase or repossess assets or properties previously sold.16. Data processing agreements relating to the Company.17. Copies of any contract by which any broker or finder is entitled to a fee for facilitating the proposed transaction or any other transactions involving the Company or its properties or assets.18. Management, service or support agreements relating to the Company, or any power of attorney with respect to any material assets or aspects of the Company.19. List of significant vendor and service providers (if any) who, for whatever reason, expressly decline to do business with the Company.20. Samples of all forms, including purchase orders, invoices, supply agreements, etc.21. Any agreements or arrangements relating to any other transactions between the Company and any director, officer, stockholder or affiliate of the Company (collectively, "Related Persons"), including but not limited to:a. Contracts or understandings between the Company and any Related Person regarding the sharing of assets, liabilities, services, employee benefits, insurance, data processing, third-party consulting, professional services or intellectual property.b. Contracts or understandings between Related Persons and third parties who supply inventory or services through Related Persons to the Company.c. Contracts or understandings between the Company and any Related Person that contemplate favorable pricing or terms to such parties.d. Contracts or understandings between the Company and any Related Person regarding the use of hardware or software.e. Contracts or understandings regarding the maintenance of equipment of any Related Person that is either sold, rented, leased or used by the Company.f. Description of the percentage of business done by the Company with Related Persons.g. Covenants not to compete and confidentiality agreements between the Company and a Related Person.h. List of all accounts receivable, loans and other obligations owing to or by the Company from or to a Related Person, together with any agreements relating thereto.22. Copies of all insurance and indemnity policies and coverages carried by the Company including policies or coverages for products, properties, business risk, casualty and workers compensation. A description of any self-insurance or retro-premium plan or policy, together with the costs thereof for the last five years. A summary of all material claims for the last five years as well as aggregate claims experience data and studies.23. List of any other agreements or group of related agreements with the same party or group of affiliated parties continuing over a period of more than six months from the date or dates thereof, not terminable by the Company on 30 days' notice.24. Copies of all supply agreements relating to the Company and a description of any supply arrangements.25. Copies of all contracts relating to marketing and advertising.26. Copies of all construction agreements and performance guarantees.27. Copies of all secrecy, confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements.28. Copies of all agreements related to the development or acquisition of technology.29. Copies of all agreements outside the ordinary course of business.30. Copies of all warranties offered by the Company with respect to its product or services.31. List of all major contracts or understandings not otherwise previously disclosed under this section, indicating the material terms and parties.32. For any contract listed in this Section I, state whether any party is in default or claimed to be in default.33. For any contract listed in this Section I, state whether the contract requires the consent of any person to assign such contract or collaterally assign such contract to any lender.NOTE: Remember to include all amendments, schedules, exhibits and side letters. Also include brief description of any oral contract listed in this Section I.J. Employees, Benefits and Contracts1. Copies of the Company's employee benefit plans as most recently amended, including all pension, profit sharing, thrift, stock bonus, ESOPs, health and welfare plans (including retiree health), bonus, stock option plans, direct or deferred compensation plans and severance plans, together with the following documents:a. all applicable trust agreements for the foregoing plans;b. copies of all IRS determination letters for the foregoing qualified plans;c. latest IRS forms for the foregoing qualified plans, including all annual reports, schedules and attachments;d. latest copies of all summary plan descriptions, including modifications, for the foregoing plans;e. latest actuarial evaluations with respect to the foregoing defined benefit plans; andf. schedule of fund assets and unfunded liabilities under applicable plans.2. Copies of all employment contracts, consulting agreements, severance agreements, independent contractor agreements, non-disclosure agreements and non-compete agreements relating to any employees of the Company.3. Copies of any collective bargaining agreements and related plans and trusts relating to the Company (if any). Description of labor disputes relating to the Company within the last three years. List of current organizational efforts and projected schedule of future collective bargaining negotiations (if any).4. Copies of all employee handbooks and policy manuals (including affirmative action plans).5. Copies of all OSHA examinations, reports or complaints.6. The results of any formal employee surveys.K. Tax Matters1. Copies of returns for the three prior closed tax years and all open tax years for the Company (including all federal and state consolidated returns) together with a work paper therefor wherein each item is detailed and documented that reconciles net income as specified in the applicable financial statement with taxable income for the related period.2. Audit and revenue agents reports for the Company; audit adjustments proposed by the Internal Revenue Service for any audited tax year of the Company or by any other taxing authority; or protests filed by the Company.3. Settlement documents and correspondence for last six years involving the Company.4. Agreements waiving statute of limitations or extending time involving the Company.5. Description of accrued federal, state and local withholding taxes and FICA for the Company.6. List of all state, local and foreign jurisdictions in which the Company pays taxes or collects sales taxes from its retail customers (specifying which taxes are paid or collected in each jurisdiction).L. Miscellaneous1. Information regarding any material contingent liabilities and material unasserted claims and information regarding any asserted or unasserted violation of any employee safety and environmental laws and any asserted or unasserted pollution clean-up liability.2. List of the ten largest customers and suppliers for each product or service of the Company.3. List of major competitors for each business segment or product line.4. Any plan or arrangement filed or confirmed under the federal bankruptcy laws, if any.5. A list of all officers, directors and stockholders of the Company.6. All annual and interim reports to stockholders and any other communications with securityholders.7. Description of principal banking and credit relationships (excluding payroll matters), including the names of each bank or other financial institution, the nature, limit and current status of any outstanding indebtedness, loan or credit commitment and other financing arrangements.8. Summary and description of all product, property, business risk, employee health, group life and key-man insurance.9. Copies of any UCC or other lien, judgment or suit searches or filings related to the Company in relevant states conducted in the past three years.10. Copies of all filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, state blue sky authorities or foreign security regulators or exchanges.11. All other information material to the financial condition, businesses, assets, prospects or commercial relations of the Company.

What are the major challenges of Make in India?

The ‘Make in India’ programme aims to turn India into a manufacturing, design, and innovation hub in order to get big investments. This initiative is undoubtedly an inspiring initiative, which has reduced the risk factors of investing in India for many foreign companies. The Indian government has set an ambitious target of enhancing the manufacturing output contribution to 25% of GDP by 2025 along with creating 90 million domestic jobs. The availability of skilled labour, a business friendly environment, good infrastructure and low manufacturing cost are some conditions required for the success of the Make in India campaign.Labour lawsWith emerging youth population, India has the capability of becoming a super economy. But the biggest hindrance is the labour laws and reforms in the country. The Global Rights Index (2016), published annually by the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), ranked India as one of the 10 worst countries for working people. Large-scale exclusions of workers from labour law, violence and arrests are the reasons for India’s poor performance. There are eight core conventions of the International Labour Organization (ILO) against forced labour. India has sanctioned only four, and refuses to consent to the following four: Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize Convention, Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining Convention, Minimum Age Convention, Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention.Economists have criticized the rigidity of labour laws in the country. They believe that these inflexible laws are the reason behind reduced employment opportunities, and can even be an obstacle to the Make in India initiative. Companies like Maruti, Nokia, Ford and Hyundai have had strikes and protests in India at their manufacturing plants almost every year.Solution: The government needs to hurry up on labour reform. Disciplining the workforce has become too challenging an effort for the industry, impacting India’s manufacturing competitiveness. The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, mandates companies employing 100 or more workers to seek prior permission of the government to lay off even a single worker. Chapter V B of the Act bars companies from exiting or downsizing quickly. To make ‘Make in India’ successful, the new government needs to address out-dated labour laws urgently.Taxation RegimeThe complex taxation system, a huge amount of paperwork and corruption may be the main cause of worries among the investors. India started out with an overly complex, poorly-designed GST, which has dampened investor sentiment and created tremendous compliance burdens on small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The administration for its part has found administering the GST a challenge, and ad hoc changes in the tax slabs applicable to commodities have not helped. The government must also figure out how to help states build capacity to improve recovery and reduce the administrative burden on taxpayers. This will not only help improve the business climate but also lead to higher revenues.SolutionTo revive the investment climate, the finance minister needs to do only one thing – act on his own promise made in his very first budget of 2015-16, that he will eliminate most tax incentives and put in place a flat 25% tax rate. Government has come up with the e-way bill system by which goods worth more than Rs 50,000 have to be pre-registered online before they can be moved from one state to another. This is expected to curb evasion as such movement would be recorded in the GSTN database.Land acquisitionSome economists believe stringent land acquisition laws and inflexible labour regulations make it difficult for India to attract investors in the manufacturing sector. India’s benchmark land acquisition law must be amended to make it easier to buy land for defence and development projects in the fast-growing economy, while also ensuring the rights of farmers. “The biggest issue we are facing is the pace of land acquisitions - on average, it takes 59 months to acquire land under this law,” said Hukum Singh Meena, a joint secretary of the department of land resources.Conflicts related to land and resources are the main reason behind stalled industrial and development projects in India, affecting millions of people and jeopardizing billions of dollars of investment, a recent study showed.SolutionThe land to be acquired from the land owners should be acquired either on a long lease or in the form of equity for the proposed business. In either event ownership of the land would not be alienated. The same format should apply even to public funded schemes. This option will ensure a steady income for the affected families. In order to help the land owners to make an informed choice it should be mandatory to educate the concerned individuals about the details of the proposed project(s). Such education should be conducted by a group of suitable but independent experts. Further, the process should remain under judicial scrutiny.Political hold-upsThe biggest concern of policy makers, analysts, and investors related to the success of the ‘Make in India’ initiative is around political hold-ups. In every session, the working of Parliament is interrupted which delays the approval of important bills. Therefore, the economy and the mind-sets of the investors suffer setbacks. Red tape can stifle the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship. Important bills and reforms related to land acquisition and labour are some examples.Important economic reforms that are required for the implementation of ‘Make in India’ programme are still being held up in Parliament. Investors, who were attracted by ambitious promises, may opt for other options due to this prolonged political stalemate. Global rating agencies are also worried about the slow pace of reforms in India. The political impasse may lead to uncertainties and low interest of the overseas investors.Solution: The government has to act as the central pivot of aligning industries, private companies, public sectors and all stakeholders in realising this vision. The government has to put realistic policies in place and concentrate on eliminating business barriers.Infrastructure and powerIndia needs funds to build industries, which in turn need infrastructure. Economists believe that stringent land acquisition laws and inflexible labour regulations make it difficult for India to attract investors to the manufacturing sector. Industrial zones equipped with basic needs of modern and high-speed communication technologies, integrated logistic arrangements, regular power supplies, enhanced connectivity and ease of availability of raw materials are needed. Availability of land is required for better infrastructure. This requires a new, transparent, effective and equitable land acquisition law. The approval of such laws is interrupted due to political interferences in India.Greater availability of power is needed to realise the dream of Make in India. India is running short of power with a deficit of 5.1%. The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) has also recently claimed a loss of $37 billion due to lack of transparency in the allocation of the coal blocks.Solution: The government should develop infrastructure to bring industry and not vice versa. It should allocate 25% of the land available at all industrial corridors for MSMEs at different rate slabs and for acquiring models. It should also implement a realistic policy to reduce the nationwide deficit in power.Skilled manpowerA report by consulting firm Ernst & Young said in 2012 that India lags far behind other nations in imparting skill training. Not too much has changed since then. Over the years, industry experts have argued that ‘lack of opportunities’ is a concern. But, it seems ‘lack of skills’ is a greater concern. According to the National Sample Survey, out of the 470 million people of working age in India, only 10% receive any kind of training or access to skilled employment opportunities.Solution: Government should improve access to education with higher enrolment coupled with better quality of education. Course contents should be revised to be in line with global trends. Use of technology enabled solutions and adoption of the ‘PPP model school’ format should be brought in. Also the number of Industrial Training Institutes needs to be increased.Role of statesIndian states play a very crucial role in the implementation and success of the Make in India initiative. India has a versatile geographical and demographical distribution with a federal political system. The involvement and cooperation of state-level decision-makers, political leaders and authorities in a positive way is the basic requirement for the initiative to work. But different political parties ruling different states differ and can never be brought on the same page. To make the concept of Make in India a success, a common consensus among the states need to be achieved.Solution: There is lack of coordination between the state and the central government. Public agencies which are mostly involved in the project execution have to set practices and processes to execute and monitor investments in order to avoid project delays. PPI (Private Participation in Infrastructure) should be high. The government and the financial institutions must help to create MSME-oriented SEZs, hubs, clusters in rural areas.

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