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For those of you who are just beginning on your Chinese language journey, Chinese pinyin is a phonetic system to help people learn Chinese easier and make sense of it quicker. The alphabet is the key tool for learning Mandarin Chinese as it encompasses every sound in Mandarin Chinese.There is a pinyin “alphabet” (not to be confused with characters, which pinyin helps you sound out) that includes all Mandarin Chinese syllables. There is a chart where you can click on each pinyin sound and listen to the audio in all different tones.There is much more to the finals if you want to learn the standard Beijing accent. It can be difficult to figure out how to pronounce the Chinese word "儿 (ér)", for example, which is a retroflex syllable in Chinese Pinyin.(This video explains initials (z, c, s) and the final "儿 (ér)")Leave these charts to the linguists…!To further break it down, Mandarin Chinese phonetics is often learned through pinyin.Pinyin is a Chinese system for transliterating Mandarin Chinese with 25 European characters (the letter "v" is never used). The pronunciation of most of the letters is similar to pronunciation to the European counterparts, but there are notable differences. Pay special attention to the letters that are not pronounced entirely as you'd expect: "c", "ch", "j", "q", "r", "sh", "x", "z" and "zh"!In Chinese, each character corresponds to 1 syllable. Chinese syllables consist of three elements: initial sound, final sound, and tone. We won’t get into tones here though.The initial sounds are consonants and the final sounds contain at least one vowel. Some syllables consist only of an initial sound or a final sound.In Mandarin Chinese there are 21 initial sounds and35 final sounds as well as additional syllables in Mandarin Chinese:7 special cases:er, hm, hng, m, n, ng, ~rThe initial and final sounds make a total of 56 basic sounds. Combinations of initials and finals plus the special cases result in 413 possible combinations. Applying the four tones of Mandarin Chinese to this, we get a total of around 1,600 unique syllables.That is still fewer than the 15,000+ syllables that are used in English!(This is why tones exist)Beyond this point, you can take this information and get a teacher that can guide you naturally through the sounds and language progression, or you can continue and learn as a linguist or hobbyist does.It really depends on your goals.Are you planning to speak naturally? Or study linguistics in a scientific way?If you want to SPEAK NATURALLY, stop now and get a teacher to show you the way.....Otherwise, proceed with caution to get a very in-depth explanation.How to perform unaspirated v/s aspirated consonants:Aspiration means exhalation, a puff of air. In many European languages, the difference between the sounds of "b/p", "d/t" and "g/k" is usually that the first in each pair is voiced (i.e. you can feel your larynx "buzzing" when you pronounce the letters) and the second not voiced (i.e. there is no "buzzing"). In Chinese, the difference between these consonant pairs is that the first in each pair is unaspirated (i.e. you exhale very little) and the second is aspirated (i.e. you exhale noticeably).In Chinese we find the following pairs of the pairs of unaspirated/aspirated consonants: "b/p", "d/t", "g/k", "j/q" and "z/c". Pay special attention to make the difference clear when pronouncing these letters!Unvoiced v/s voiced fricatives:Fricative consonants are produced with articulatory restriction sufficient to produced friction. A voiced fricative should cause your larynx to "buzz" (e.g. the sounds "v" and "z" in English) and an unvoiced fricative will not affect your larynx (e.g. English "f" and "s"). In Mandarin Chinese, the voiced fricatives are "l" and "r", while the unvoiced fricatives are the "blowing" sounds "f", "h", "s", "sh" and "x".Initial SoundsSome Chinese consonants are rather similar to English consonants, but it's important to hear the differences and get all details as accurate as possible!Labial: a sound made with the use of one or both your lips.Mandarin PinyinEnglish EquivalentbAs in English, but with no vibrations in the vocal cords. Like an English "p" with no exhalation!pAs in English, but with strong exhalation!mAs in English.fAs in English.Alveolar: formed with the tip of the tongue against the bony ridge behind the upper front teeth.Mandarin PinyinEnglish EquivalentdAs in English, but with no vibrations in the vocal cords. Like an English "t" with no exhalation!tAs in English, but with strong exhalation!nAs in English.lAs in English.Velar: formed with the back of the tongue close to or touching the soft part of the roof of the mouth.Mandarin PinyinEnglish EquivalentgAs in English, but with no vibrations in the vocal cords. Like an English "k" with no exhalation! As the "g" in "girl", "go".kAs in English, but with strong exhalation!hAudible and strong!Palatal: formed with the back and middle of the tongue close to or touching the roof of the mouth.The syllables "ji", "qi" and "xi" all contain similar "ch"-like sounds.Mandarin PinyinEnglish EquivalentjSounds like the "dj"-sound in "jam", "jump", with minimal exhalation. Similar to the Pinyin letter "q", but without exhalation!qSimilar to the Pinyin letter "j", but with strong exhalation! As the ending sound in "watch", "switch" and the "ch" in "cheese".xSounds like the English "ch" as in "church", but without the "t"-the sound at the beginning. Also comparable with the "ch" in "chock". In some Chinese dialects pronounced just as "s".Dental sibilant: formed with the tip of the tongue close to or touching the back of the upper front teeth.Mandarin PinyinEnglish EquivalentzPronounced as the Pinyin letters "d" + "s". Similar to the Pinyin letter "c", but with no exhalation! Compare with English words such as "cats", "hats".cPronounced as the Pinyin letters "t" + "s". Similar to Pinyin "z", but with strong exhalation! Comparable with the "tsh"-sound in "it's heavy".sAs in English.Retroflex: formed with the tongue curled back so that it touches (or almost touches) the hard part of the roof of the mouth.Mandarin PinyinEnglish EquivalentzhIn this sound, the tongue is thrown forward from the curled back position. Rather similar to the "dj"-sound in "jam", "jewels", "George".chIn this sound, the tongue is thrown forward from the curled back position. Rather similar to the "tch"-sound in "church", "chain".shThis sound is pronounced with the tongue resting in the curled back position. Somewhat similar to the "sh"-sound in "wash", "shower".rThis sound is pronounced with the tongue vibrating in the curled back position. Somewhat similar to the "r"-sound in "war", "raw".Other comments on initial letters in Mandarin Chinese:Mandarin PinyinEnglish EquivalentwAs in English. Special case: the syllable "wu" is pronounced as the Pinyin "u" (the letter "w" is in this case used to mark the beginning of a new syllable. See the following descriptions of simple finals!yAs in the words "yes", "yet". Special cases: the syllable "yi is pronounced as the Pinyin "i" #1 and the syllable "yu" is pronounced as the Pinyin "ü" (the letter "y" is in these cases used to mark the beginning of new syllables). See the following descriptions of simple finals!Final SoundsSimple finals = single vowels.The Chinese vowels all have quite logical pronunciation, but there are some details to be noted – especially the three types of "i", two types of "e" and two types of "u"!Mandarin PinyinEnglish EquivalentaAs the "a" in "far" and "father".e / ê1: As the English "e" in "send", "very.2: If the "e" stands as a single vowel at the end of a syllable (e.g. "de", "ne", "zhe"), the pronunciation becomes more similar to the vowel sound in "bird" and "sir".3: Note the special cases: "er" and "eng"!Comment: If the "e" is the only phoneme in a syllable, the pronunciation of type #1 is transcribed as "ê", and pronunciation of type #2 as "e".i / yi1: As the vowels in "sit", "it", "machine". The spelling "yi" is used when there is no consonant in the beginning of a syllable.2: When preceded by "c", "s" or "z" (dental sibilants), you get a sound like a mosquito buzzing ("ziii...").3: In the syllables "chi", "shi", "zhi" and "ri" (retroflexes), the entire syllable is pronounced as one retroflex sound. Pronounce all letters of the syllable with your tongue curled back!oAs the vowels in "saw", "all". Exception: the combination "ong" (back nasal)!u / wuAs the vowel "o" in "too", "woman", "loop". The spelling "wu" is used when there is no consonant in the beginning of a syllable. Special cases: In syllables beginning with "ju", "qu", "xu" and "yu", the "u" is to be pronounced as an "ü".ü / yuAs the German "ü". Try to say "yeee", keep your tongue exactly where it is and let the sound continue while you form your lips to the shape they'd have when you say "yuuu".Compound finals = two or three vowels together.Mandarin PinyinEnglish EquivalentaiAs the "ai"-sounds in "byes", "bike", "high".aoAs the "ow" in "how", "down".eiAs the "ay"-sounds in "cake", "say".ia / yaAs the "ya"-sounds in "maya", "playa". The spelling "ya" is used when there is no consonant in the beginning of a syllable.iao / yaoAs the "ya"-sounds in "maya", "playa" followed by an English "w". The spelling "yao" is used when there is no consonant in the beginning of a syllable.ie / yeAs a combination of the Pinyin sounds "y" + "ê" – i.e. NOT quite as the English "ye", as in "yes", but rather "tight"! The spelling "ye" is used when there is no consonant in the beginning of a syllable.iou / iu / youThe spelling "iou" is never used, but describes the sound best. Pronounced as a Pinyin "y" + the English "ow"-sounds in "go", "note", "row". The spelling "you" is used when there is no consonant in the beginning of a syllable.ouAs the "ow"-sounds in "go", "note", "row".ua / waAs an English "w" followed by a Pinyin "a". Compare with the final vowels in the Italian word "acqua". The most probable English spelling of this sound would be "wah". Do NOT pronounce this combination as the English "wa"-sounds in "water" or "Wales"! The spelling "wa" is used when there is no consonant in the beginning of a syllable.uai / waiEnglish "w" + Pinyin "ai". Compare with the English word "why". The spelling "wai" is used when there is no consonant in the beginning of a syllable.ue / üe / yuePinyin "ü" + "ê". The "ü" is written as "u" in the syllables "jue", "que", "xue" and "yue". The spelling "yue" is used when there is no consonant in the beginning of a syllable.uei / ui / weiThe spelling "uei" is never used, but describes the sound best. Compare with the initial sounds in "waiter", "wage". Try to pronounce the "ê", even if it is not explicitly written a syllable such as "hui". The spelling "wei" is used when there is no consonant in the beginning of a syllable.uo / woSounds like "woah", but the "a" is hardly audible. Similar to the "wuo"-sounds in "war", "quark". The spelling "wo" is used when there is no consonant in the beginning of a syllable.Nasal finals = single or compound vowel followed by "n" or "ng".Nasals are pronounced through the nose. In Mandarin Chinese, sounds ending in "n" (an alveolar nasal) are known as front nasals, while sounds ending in "ng (a velar nasal) are known as back nasals.Front nasals = sounds through the nose formed with the tongue in the front of the mouth (i.e. in alveolar position).Mandarin PinyinEnglish EquivalentanThis "a" is similar to the Chinese "a" as described above. It can possibly be compared with the "an" in "Russian". Do NOT pronounce this combination as the English "an" in "man" and "manager"!en"e" #2 + "n". Usually as the "en" in "men", but sometimes more similar to the "urn" in "burning" or "fern" with practically no sound of the "r".ian / yanPinyin "y" + "an", but here the "an" becomes broader, as in "man", "manager". The spelling "yan" is used when there is no consonant at the beginning of a syllable.in / yinAs in English ("bin"). The spelling "yin" is used when there is no consonant in the beginning of a syllable.uan / wanPinyin "u" + "an". In "juan", "quan", "xuan" and "yuan", the "u" is pronounced as "ü". The spelling "wan" is used when there is no consonant in the beginning of a syllable.üan / yuanPinyin "ü" + "an", but here the "an" becomes broader, as in "man", "manager". This sound occurs only in the syllables "juan", "quan", "xuan" and "yuan", and is then spelled with a "u".uen / un / wenThe spelling "uen" is never used, but describes the sound best. If a syllable begins with a different consonant than "w", the pronunciation is Pinyin "u" + an almost inaudible "e" #2 + "n". When there is no initial consonant, this sound is spelled "wen", and the pronunciation is an English "w" + Pinyin "en".ün / yunPinyin "ü" + "n". This sound occurs only in the syllables "jun", "qun", "xun" and "yun", and is then spelled with a "u".Back nasals = sounds through the nose formed with the tongue in the back of the mouth (i.e. in velar position).Mandarin PinyinEnglish EquivalentangThis "a" is similar to the Chinese "a" as described above, followed by an "ng"-sound. Do NOT pronounce this combination as the broad "ang" in "language"!eng"e" #2 + "ng" (almost similar to the "ang" in "language", but the "e" has a little "taste" of the vowel sound in "bird" and "sir").iang / yangPinyin "y" + "ang". The spelling "yang" is used when there is no consonant in the beginning of a syllable.ing / yingAs in English ("sing"). The spelling "ying" is used when there is no consonant in the beginning of a syllable.iong / yongThis syllable corresponds to the Pinyin "y" + "u" + "ng". The "o" is here most similar to the "o"-sound in "too", "woman", "loop". The spelling "yong" is used when there is no consonant in the beginning of a syllable.ongThis syllable corresponds to the Pinyin "u" + "ng". The "o" is here most similar to the "o"-sound in "too", "woman", "loop".uang / wangEnglish "w" + Pinyin "ang". The spelling "wang" is used when there is no consonant in the beginning of a syllable.ueng / wengThis sound only occurs in the syllable "weng". Pronounced as English "w" + Pinyin "eng".Special Cases - additional syllableserRather similar to the vowel sound in "bird" and "sir", with an audible retroflex "r" at the end. Sometimes more like the English word "are". Could possibly be written as "ehr" in English. Pronounced as a retroflex.hmPronounced as in English. This syllable is only used as an interjection.hngPronounced as a Pinyin "h" + a back nasal. This syllable is only used as an interjection.mPronounced as in English. This syllable is only used as an interjection.nPronounced as in English. This syllable is only used as an interjection.ngPronounced as a back nasal. This syllable is only used as an interjection.~rSometimes the syllable "er" () is added to the end of words – especially on nouns. This is most common in Chinese spoken by people from Beijing. If the "" is written in a text, and is to be interpreted as a suffix rather than "er2" = "child", then the transcription is usually written only as "r" (e.g. "yi4 dian3r" = "a little"). Basically, this added "~r" changes the pronunciation of the previous syllable, so that the entire final part of the syllable is pronounced as a retroflex with an "~r" at the end. In short, the "~r" moves the pronunciation of the syllable backward in the mouth.All Possible Syllables in Mandarin ChineseIt is not possible to create Chinese syllables by grouping characters at random. The phonemes of Mandarin Chinese can only be combined into a fixed number of possible syllables. I have made a list of 413 syllables, which I believe to be every one of the possible combinations. Use the chart I provided above to practice most of them.a, ai, an, ang, aoba, bai, ban, bang, bao, bei, ben, beng, bi, bian, biao, bie, bin, bing, bo, buca, cai, can, cang, cao, ce, cei, cen, ceng, cha, chai, chan, chang, chao, che, chen, cheng, chi, chong, chou, chu, chua, chuai, chuan, chuang, chui, chun, chuo, ci, cong, cou, cu, cuan, cui, cun, cuoda, dai, dan, dang, dao, de, dei, den, deng, di, dian, diao, die, ding, diu, dong, dou, du, duan, dui, dun, duoe, ê, ei, en, erfa, fan, fang, fei, fen, feng, fo, fou, fuga, gai, gan, gang, gao, ge, gei, gen, geng, gong, gou, gu, gua, guai, guan, guang, gui, gun, guoha, hai, han, hang, hao, he, hei, hen, heng, hm, hng, hong, hou, hu, hua, huai, huan, huang, hui, hun, huoji, jia, jian, jiang, jiao, jie, jin, jing, jiong, jiu, ju, juan, jue, junka, kai, kan, kang, kao, ke, kei, ken, keng, kong, kou, ku, kua, kuai, kuan, kuang, kui, kun, kuola, lai, lan, lang, lao, le, lei, leng, li, lia, lian, liang, liao, lie, lin, ling, liu, long, lou, lu, luo, luan, lun, lü, lüem, ma, mai, man, mang, mao, mei, men, meng, mi, mian, miao, mie, min, ming, miu, mo, mou, mun, na, nai, nan, nang, nao, ne, nei, nen, neng, ng, ni, nian, niang, niao, nie, nin, ning, niu, nong, nou, nu, nuo, nuan, nü, nüeo, oupa, pai, pan, pang, pao, pei, pen, peng, pi, pian, piao, pie, pin, ping, po, pou, puqi, qia, qian, qiang, qiao, qie, qin, qing, qiong, qiu, qu, quan, que, qunran, rang, rao, re, ren, reng, ri, rong, rou, ru, rua, ruan, rui, run, ruosa, sai, san, sang, sao, se, sei, sen, seng, sha, shai, shan, shang, shao, she, shei, shen, sheng, shi, shou, shu, shua, shuai, shuan, shuang, shui, shun, shuo, si, song, sou, su, suan, sui, sun, suota, tai, tan, tang, tao, te, teng, ti, tian, tiao, tie, ting, tong, tou, tu, tuan, tui, tun, tuowa, wai, wan, wang, wei, wen, weng, wo, wuxi, xia, xian, xiang, xiao, xie, xin, xing, xiong, xiu, xu, xuan, xue, xunya, yan, yang, yao, ye, yi, yin, ying, yong, you, yu, yuan, yue, yunza, zai, zan, zang, zao, ze, zei, zen, zeng, zha, zhai, zhan, zhang, zhao, zhe, zhei, zhen, zheng, zhi, zhong, zhou, zhu, zhua, zhuai, zhuan, zhuang, zhui, zhun, zhuo, zi, zong, zou, zu, zuan, zui, zun, zuoSyllables spelled with "u", but pronounced with "ü":ju, juan, jue, junqu, quan, que, qunxu, xuan, xue, xunyu, yuan, yue, yunSyllables where "u" and "ü" must not be mixed up:lu, lü, lüenu, nü, nüeIf you made it THIS FAR. Congratulations. Go take a nap to preserve your studies.

On 31st December, 2016, I was being asked the same question & was actually being asked to write the Antakshari Of E-wallets in India. And then I wrote it down on my Facebook/Linkedin & in the group of WhatsApp, where it was actually asked.Here is the same which will answer your question:Antakshari of E-wallets:A Se AirtelMoneyA Se AmazonPayB Se BuddyB Se BookmyshowB Se BenowC Se CitrusC se Click&PayD Se DigibankE Se EKOE se EtranE - E-Purse (Corporation Bank)F se FreechargeF Se FlipkartF se FrugalF se Fino Paytech bpayG se ⁠⁠⁠GocashH se HappayI se IdeaI se ItzCashI se ⁠⁠⁠IcashcardJ Se JioMoneyL Se LimeM se MobikwikM Se Masterpass (Citi)M Se MomoeXpressM se MoneyonMobileM Se MpesaM Se mrupeeM se mpurseM se MuthootM se MakemytripM se MoboMoneyN se NovoPayO Se OlamoneyO Se OxigenO Se OngoP se PayUMoneyP se PayZappP se PocketsP se PaymateP se PaytmP se PaypointzQ se QwikcilverR Se R-wallet (Railways wallet by CRIS)S se SpicejetS se SuvidhaaS se SpeedPayT Se TA WALLETU se UdioX se ⁠⁠⁠XpwalletY se YELDIY se Y-Pay CashZ se ZiggitZ Se ZetaZ se ⁠⁠⁠ZazzleMissing K, V & W!!PS: Just to let you know, all these above are only WALLETS. I have not included any UPI or other payment system. Its all only about Wallets.

First thing First: You will need a PPI license from RBI to run something like this. And currently PPI is not given by RBI easily. You may try your Luck with YES Bank to provide you sub-license for the same, if they have slots yet available.Secondly: You should not waste your time into this market anymore. Any money & time spent on a ME-TOO product which is already over-crowded wont give you the required success.In between I would like to introduce you to the total number of E-wallet services available in India, and I am doing it to let you know and THINK, whether how many of these you know? And whether spending a single penny and time on this will help you really?Here is the list or I call it, Antakshari Of E-wallets:A Se AirtelMoneyA Se AmazonPayB Se BuddyB Se BookmyshowB Se BenowC Se CitrusC se Click&PayD Se DigibankE Se EKOE se EtranE - E-Purse (Corporation Bank)F se FreechargeF Se FlipkartF se FrugalF se Fino Paytech bpayG se ⁠⁠⁠GocashH se HappayI se IdeaI se ItzCashI se ⁠⁠⁠IcashcardJ Se JioMoneyL Se LimeM se MobikwikM Se Masterpass (Citi)M Se MomoeXpressM se MoneyonMobileM Se MpesaM Se mrupeeM se mpurseM se MuthootM se MakemytripM se MoboMoneyN se NovoPayO Se OlamoneyO Se OxigenO Se OngoP se PayUMoneyP se PayZappP se PocketsP se PaymateP se PaytmP se PaypointzQ se QwikcilverR Se R-wallet (Railways wallet by CRIS)S se SpicejetS se SuvidhaaS se SpeedPayT Se TA WALLETU se UdioX se ⁠⁠⁠XpwalletY se YELDIY se Y-Pay CashZ se ZiggitZ Se ZetaZ se ⁠⁠⁠ZazzleMissing K, V & W!!All the above mentioned are the E-wallets only. Not UPI based stuff.THINK Buddy before getting into this chaos!Good luck.