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Imagine this:You work really, REALLY hard to get the skills and education needed to get a job you really, REALLY wanted to get. You spend lots of money and thousands of dollars getting that job. Perhaps you have a family you need to support. Perhaps you want to feel as though you can make a genuine difference in the world.One day, you get a call from an employer asking you to come for a job interview. Instantly, there is a strong chemistry between you and the employer: he likes you and you like him. A week later, they confirm that they want to hire you, but they will need to do a background check. The employer also notifies you that as much as he likes you, either the law and/or company policy may have a zero tolerance police for those with criminal records.As far as you are concerned, there is nothing to fret about. After all, it’s not as though you’ve ever been arrested or charged with anything. There is no way you could have a criminal record, right? …RIGHT?!Above: Of Course NOT! I Turned Water Into Wine For God Sake!Well, it turns out that the law is not that simple. For, you see, you don’t need to actually be charged with anything — let alone, convicted — to actually receive a criminal record.How the Canadian police record you didn't know you had could be costing you job opportunities - Workopolis BlogNon-Conviction Records Explained - National Pardon CentreCriminal Records Linger Despite Lack of ConvictionsYes, you heard that right. You could have a criminal record, despite never being talked to by the police; never being arrested; never being charged; never being convicted; and never being imprisoned.And, as it turns out, when your background check comes back with something, you are stunned to find out you are no longer qualified for the job you applied for. What kind of charge could this be? Surely, there must be a mistake!420,000 in police database never convicted: Analysis | The StarWhat’s in your police record? | Canadian NurseCanadians stunned to learn they have police records, despite never being found guilty | The StarNo charges, no trial, but presumed guilty | The StarYou look into your background information, and here is what you find that leaves you completely stupefied, and it goes something like this:When you were a child, you were found to have unlawfully trespassed on private property with a friend. And your friend ended up committing vandalism.What?!Above: Say Goodbye To Your Life SavingsYou tell yourself you don’t even really know what day this was, as the person in question was someone you only met once or twice in your life back when you were in elementary school; hardly a friend to begin with, and definitely not somebody you would want to be associated with.As far as you were concerned at the time, you also did not trespass on private property, as the alleged offence took place in some deserted farmland where seemingly nobody other than yourself and your ‘friend’ were present.Your employer shrugs and simply tells you there is nothing he can do for you, and all your work and time you invested into getting this job is instantly flushed down the toilet because you were completely oblivious that you even had a criminal record to begin with.I thought criminal records were only for violent rapists, murderers, robbers, terrorists and mafia gang members formally convicted of a crime!Above: Like This Guy!No.Police reports have everything ranging from your educational background; your medical history; 9–1–1 calls involving you in any way, shape or form; as well as any reports you or someone else submits involving you — directly or indirectly.10 things you should know if you have a criminal recordFor the rest of your life, that job you worked so hard for is no longer available to you because of some record that dates back to when you may not even have reached the double-digit age. And even worse, you find out that not only is that particular job no longer available — so are most jobs involving everything from healthcare; law enforcement; government-type work; security; teaching; working with children and/or those with disabilities; as well as any job that may be considered “high-risk”: flying an airplane; the military; managing financial assets alongside every other job under the sun requiring more than just a high school education.Impact of Having a Youth RecordOut of Trouble, but Criminal Records Keep Men Out of WorkFor young people, a criminal record should not be a life sentence | Mark Johnson“Challenging The ‘Life Sentence’ Of Unemployment” | New York Criminal Record Sealing AttorneysCriminal Records Ruin LivesSome jobs, such as retail, fast food, construction and delivery jobs still accept those with criminal records, but those jobs are still very likely to do a background check and ultimately choose to hire the person that does not have a criminal record of any type over someone that does.Criminal record: The stain that won't go away | The StarWrongfully Convicted Find Their Record Haunts ThemYou, alongside tens of millions of people have now been officially branded.FOR LIFE!!!Above: And Then They Wonder Why Self-Murder Is So CommonUnemployment causes 45,000 suicides a year worldwide, finds studyBeing Unemployed Could Shorten Your LifespanYou are now the scum of the earth as far as the state, law enforcement and even large portions of the public are concerned.You are a low-life criminal that DESERVES to not have any meaningful work.You are a low-life criminal that DESERVES to become penurious.You are a low-life criminal that DESERVES to suffer for your perceived misdeeds.You are a low-life criminal that DESERVES anything BUT sympathy.Well, I got news for those that think this way:Humans are a social species that need to feel that they belong somewhere and have purpose in their life. If they don’t feel either of these things, then why should they care what society thinks of them? After all, society already has determined that for the rest of their lives, they will be last for everything because of something that someone barely remembers happening years — possibly decades earlier — when they were not yet old enough to even have a social media account.Child criminals should get lifelong anonymity, official report saysAt that point, expecting someone to care about others when the law and society in general makes it clear that the caring is not being returned is like beating a dog and expecting it to lick you rather than biting your neck off.Above: N-N-N-ICE DOGGIE?7 Surprising Things That Could Make You A Sex OffenderThe Most Insane Things That Will Get You Labeled A Sex OffenderYou Might Be a Sex Offender and Not Even Know It!In some places, it is even worse, because sex offender registries — which have done literally nothing to make society safer, but a lot to ruin the lives of millions of people with no positive outcome — are not only restricted from the same types of jobs that those with regular criminal records have, they are also going to have additional restrictions which may or may not apply, depending on which country and/or state they are in:Having their pictures posted onlineBeing forced to spend hundreds — possibly THOUSANDS of dollars a month to take mandatory polygraph tests and “psychology” courses when they are probably unemployedResidency restrictions, such as being told you cannot live within 1,000 feet of a school, church, daycare, bus stop, library, theatre, shopping mall, community centre, beach, park or anywhere else where children “might” congregate. (How many housing options do you think that leaves?)Being told in states such as Georgia that one cannot even WORK within 1,000 feet of any of the examples mentioned above. (How many job options do you think that leaves?)If you are underage at the time — and this has included children as young as six — you might also be sent to a foster home because your parents’ home will likely fall into the residency restriction. In addition, underage children added to the registry are also not allowed to be at school, church or anywhere else where children are — effectively ostracising them for life.Residency Restrictions for Sex Offenders - FindLawhttps://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1802&context=caselrevKiddie Porn Charge for Pictures of HerselfAbove: At Least You Still Have The Ice Cream TruckThe reasons for why people added to the sex offender registry are about as numerous as the number of reasons people might get a criminal record.Reasons why somebody might get added to the sex offender registry include:Peeing in publicMasturbating in public (even if you didn’t think anybody saw you)Being seen nakedHaving sex outsideTaking a picture of yourself when you were underageAllowing your child’s boyfriend/girlfriend to move in with youIntentionally or accidentally viewing pornography around a child“Inappropriately” touching a child and/or adultBeing a prostitute and/or paying for a prostituteHaving sex with someone under eighteen, or having sex while under eighteenThe Juvenile Sex Offender Registry and Its Unintended Consequences - Crime Free KidsRaised on the Registry | The Irreparable Harm of Placing Children on Sex Offender Registries in the USWhen Kids Are Accused of Sex CrimesTurning a profit on teenage sexBogus ‘sex offender’ labels are ruining livesFindLaw's Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division case and opinions.all about meAbove: Children — Too Young To Consent — But Old Enough To Be Sex OffendersThe list of reasons can go on and on and on.Now, as far as regular criminal records go, here are some of the least known crimes that people would be surprised to hear not only exist, but are in fact enforced and can have lifelong repercussions on your life:Whistling and/or swearing in publicPossessing or selling comic books deemed violentFilming the police in publicHaving too many garage salesWearing a mask in publicBeing intoxicated in a vehicle — even if you weren’t even drivingNot being indoors during a curfew if you are a certain ageBeing unhygienic in publicClimbing a treeEating candy or ice cream on a SundayDid you know comic books depicting crime are illegal in Canada?There are literally thousands of laws in existence which can literally screw you or anyone else up for life. Even being friends, acquaintances, co-employees or a family member of somebody convicted or accused of committing a crime can get your name added to the growing list of names found on the criminal background registry.Above: Bah — Who Wants To Be A Doctor Anyway When You Can Become A Drug Dealer?It is evident that at best, this system started off as well-meaning and has now completely backfired — something that former proponents of the sex offender registry, such as Patty Wetterling have stated.Sex-offender registries: How the Wetterling abduction changed the countryPatty Wetterling questions sex offender laws | City PagesHowever, I personally believe that the law was there as a way to regulate and marginalise people and form a sort of casting system whereby those deemed undesirable by law enforcement and the government are deliberately set to become poor for life, alongside their children, who may be depending on their parent to provide them a better standard of living.Mass incarceration does not reduce crime rates, but mass poverty does increase the number of people perpetrating and becoming victims of crime. And when it is no longer possible to have a meaningful life because of a law that was created and enforced by the state and law enforcement personnel — what do you do?For many — they turn to crime.Does anyone think that the homeless really want to be homeless? Do the homeless have any say in how the economy is to be regulated; what kinds of laws exist to harm the public; or whether or not somebody will give them a livable wage?Of course not. And it is also known that the homeless are also far more likely to have physical and/or mental disabilities, in addition to possibly having a criminal record. Those who fall into poverty are far more likely to end up in prison and become trapped in a loop they will never get out of.Above: Homeless Shelters — The Place Where People Enjoy Being Poor, Unemployed and HatedMost police officers and politicians alike will say that criminals create their own problems, but I call farce on that one.Who decides what arbitrary laws should or should not be enforced? Who makes decisions that result in millions of people losing their homes and jobs? Who decides who will be prosecuted, imprisoned, and be slapped with a criminal record intended to deprive someone of any chance of employment?Kids for cash scandal - WikipediaWill Your Criminal Record Keep You Unemployed? - Active ScreeningExploring the experiences of violence among individuals who are homeless using a consumer-led approach.Death of homeless sex offender in Grand Rapids poses questionsThat’s right — police officers, politicians, judges and lawyers make these decisions.When you really come to think of it, one must ask themselves whether or not drug cartels and other so-called violent gang members are really the greater of two evils between themselves and the state.If I want to go get a job, I am not going to be forced to ask the Hell’s Angels for a background check in order to get into nursing, engineering, teaching, social work or the military — but I am very likely going to be forced to go to the police for such a request and hope I don’t get a negative response, in addition to being forced to pay for a background fee that might cost hundreds of dollars out of my own pocket.Above: Criminal Records In The MakingThe state and police regulate every portion of your life, right down to what you can and cannot eat; where you can and cannot live; where you can and cannot work; and even where you can and cannot go for recreational purposes.Drug gangs typically don’t really care what you do, so long as you stay out of their way and don’t try to sabotage their operations. Many people added to the sex offender registry have been arrested and spent years in prison after being previously sentenced for going to church, the library or the internet because the state they were in prohibits all sex offenders from having access to the media, education or religious services.Redemption ban? Sex offenders arrested for going to churchSex offender arrested at Athens Drive public library in RaleighHow many times have you heard of a mafia gang member actually arresting somebody with a criminal record or someone on the sex offender registry because they posted a comment on Facebook when the law makes it a crime for that individual to have internet access?Prisoner gets 37 years in solitary confinement for secret Facebook postsSex Offender With Undisclosed Facebook Wins AppealIf anything, there is a very good chance that the mafia would probably even help such people get on the internet by changing their IP address… in return that they pay a fee for that ‘service’ of course. Much the same way that Al Capone and his gang used to run soup kitchens during the Depression Years in order to help the poor so that their reputation could be improved.Above: The Fatter, More Italian Version Of Robin Hood — Comes With BeerAl Capone started one of the first Soup Kitchens during the Great DepressionI am not saying that I support mafia gangs going around selling drugs — especially the more hardened types such as cocaine — nor do I support them engaging in vandalism against private property or using physical violence against individuals. However, when you come to think about it, destruction of property and physical violence is something that the government and law enforcement practice on a daily basis.The only difference I can see is that the latter not only exercises far more power over our daily lives than the Hell’s Angels and Los Zetas do — they also expect the public to regard the government and police as the good side.Above: When Liking A Facebook Comment Can Get You A Lifetime In The SlammerHomeless people often times resort to drug use because it helps them pass the time of living a wretched existence on the street. Therefore, the government and law enforcement largely help expand the drug business by giving people the mindset of not caring about the legal and social consequences of drug consumption.The government and police can no longer claim they do what they do in the name of public safety when I see that everything ranging from frivolous criminal records; employment shortage; sex offender registries; and even criminalising the homeless and those with disabilities by incarcerating them, and then further limiting their employment opportunities all come as a result of the very laws the government imposes and law enforcement enforce.Can you stop someone from posting your 911 tape?Will My Mental Health Record Show Up in My Background Check? - Active Screeninghttps://ccla.org/recordchecks/doc/Non-Conviction%20Records.pdfMany young children with autism or down syndrome have been added for life to the sex offender registry because they might have taken a naked picture of themselves when they were 12 or 13.Imagine that.Having a criminal record. A place on the sex offender registry. AND… already having limited job opportunities from the time of your birth because of a disability you simply have.The Autistic Children Who Are Labeled As Sex OffendersAsperger’s, autism, and sex offendersHow Our Autistic Son Ended up a “Sex Offender for Life”Winning combination.Above: Sex Offenders And Criminals In The MakingTo be quite frank, I am surprised that crime rates aren’t higher than they already are, seeing as it is quite apparent that the government and law enforcement have been doing everything they can for decades to try and keep the poor in poverty by looking desperately through the thick and voluminous set of laws that can be interpreted as a crime in order to ensure that such people will be barred for life from getting decent employment.And then, that cycle will be imposed on the next generation.Children of criminal parents have a greater chance of becoming criminals themselves: studyHow a parent's criminal record limits childrenA Parent's Criminal Record has a Lifelong Impact...on Their ChildrenWhy should “criminals” have any regards for “non-criminals” when the system allows a background check to defy their entire existence? If you tell someone that is six years old that they are a lifelong criminal because they might have vandalised some property or hit someone in a fit, do you really think that the six year old is going to magically grow a halo and become a great and productive citizen?Of course not. They are going to do what most people do when they are being labelled: living that label.The Labelling Theory - History Learning SiteHow Your Brain Keeps You Believing Crap That Isn’t TrueIllusory truth effect - WikipediaNew evidence says US sex-offender policies are actually causing more crimeCalling someone stupid is not going to make them smarter. Calling someone lazy is not going to make them more productive. Calling someone ugly is not going to make them more beautiful. And calling someone a criminal is not going to make them law abiding — whatever that means.Above: When All Hope Is LostNot only do the people with criminal records suffer for life — so do their family members, friends and neighbours who may be forced to live the consequences of a labelled criminal. Children who grow up in an impoverished neighbourhood because their parents might not be able to afford anything else, due to limited job opportunities, are themselves more likely to experience violence, trauma and end up ultimately getting a criminal record and possibly even prison time.Let’s not kid ourselves about prison, either: prison is not about “rehabilitating” people. The whole purpose of prison in the modern ages is to dehumanise portions of the population and create a form of modern slavery. Those who go to prison are subjected to the types of treatment that would be seen as abuse anywhere else, and then on top of it, they are given a criminal record and quite possibly even added to the sex offender registry if it was decided that the crime was sexual in nature.INSIDE LOOKING OUT. American prisons tend to dehumanize most prisoners. Rehabilitation, as a systemwide policy, is hit-or-miss. The latest crisis fa...A Former Inmate Talks About How Prisons Manufacture CriminalsHigh-profile individuals such as Theodore Kaczynski were subjected to experimental abuse during their university years with the intention of creating violent individuals out of otherwise seemingly innocent men. And in turn, these types of experiments have been imposed on prisoners, patients as well as the millions of people currently on probation or parole.Harvard's Experiment on the Unabomber, Class of '62An Extreme Psychological Study May Have Affected a Young Ted KaczynskiAbove: The Government Made Me Do It!These people will then return to their communities and families with little to no employment opportunities; limited education; the negative experience of prison life; and even being looked down on by most of the public.The result is that often times children and other family members in the household become the victims of a system that the government and law enforcement helped to create. Many frustrated parents who may otherwise have been loving may have a breaking point and begin taking their frustrations out on their children. And when children are subjected to physical and/or mental abuse, studies show that not only will their children grow up to be violent — it may also damage the structure of their brain.Canadians living in low-income households experience higher rates of violent victimizationThe poorest Americans are 12 times as likely to be sexually assaulted as the wealthiesthttp://poverty.ucdavis.edu/sites/main/files/file-attachments/maurer_family_violence_brieft.pdfhttps://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/childhood-bullying-can-lead-to-depression-and-unemployment-in-adulthood-says-study-9268365.htmlBullied children still suffer at 506 CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECTEven if it was the parents that ultimately beat their children, that does not necessarily mean that the parents are primarily responsible for that situation. Going back to the dog biting its owner scenario, we can see that the government and police become the owners to the extent that they will degrade an individual by calling them a criminal, and then subjecting them to mental and/or physical abuse by limiting their job employment to the point that they become homeless, where they could become the victims of weather exposure, gang beatings, or depression.Above: How Children With Criminal Records Get Their MoneyStating that other people without criminal records have lives and families of their own that they want to enjoy as justification for why those with criminal records should effectively hush up and play along is not a valid argument.Those with criminal records also have lives of their own that they want to enjoy. Millions of them have children who want to enjoy their lives just as much as the children of so-called law abiding parents want to.Kids of unemployed and depressed parents more likely to be absent from classWhy should those with criminal records be subjected to such hardships and still have people acting as though they should still be grateful to have any rights at all?Because they have a criminal record?Above: We Apparently Deserve This — Because Our Parents Apparently Do — Because The Government Said SoCrime in itself is subjective. What may be legal one day could be illegal the next and vice versa. At one time, slavery was legal; does that mean that slavery should still be legal?And even if crime were less subjective does not mean that the consequences that come with having a criminal record should be given credibility.Children of registered sex offenders have reported that they are more likely to be harassed, beaten and assaulted by adults and children alike because they saw their parents’ name and picture online.When you’re married to a sex offenderSex Offender Is Suing His Neighbors Over ProtestsCollateral damage: Harsh sex offender laws may put whole families at riskHow ‘vigilantes’ work ‘within the law’ to force child sex offenders out of Canadian communitiesDoes the ideal criminal justice system also tolerate children of “criminals” to become victims themselves?To conclude, all I can say is that if I were ever to find myself barred for life from any employment because of some criminal record that may or may not be accurate; was forced to register as a sex offender; and then have my daily routine regulated by the police: I would also be looking for my next meal in the form of committing a crime.Above: When Chasing A Pizza Delivery Man Is Easier Than Making Minimum-Wage

There may not be much questions on the subject especially on mathematics, chemistry or physics.There may be questions on the following subjects:CommerceEconomicsHistoryComputer scienceIt has to be noted that the interview is conducted by only retired bank executives and the following will be their main focus when it comes to questions:BankingEconomicsCapital marketCurrent affairsRecent budgetPersonalities who are in the news recentlyRecent happenings in the field of banking, politics and money mattersPlease read the following for better guidance:Tips for Interview for recruitment as Probationary Officers in banksInstructions to candidatesThe purpose of the interview:The purpose of any interview is to select one suitable individual for the concerned post. The person to be interviewed may be having higher qualifications; however, he may not be having the requisite potentials or caliber in handling the job offered namely; better communication ability, leadership quality, emotional strength and efficient interpersonal relationship. Banking demands people who are willing to work hard by mingling with customers freely and friendly apart from maintaining a cordial; social and friendly relationship with the colleagues and superiors.Phases of the interview:The interview is conducted in four phases namely;·the first phase during the course of which questions are asked about the individual and his specialization in any area;·the second phase wherein questions are asked about the bank for which the interview is conducted;·the third phase wherein questions are asked about general banking, economy, finance and latest developments and·the fourth phase is the final round for the interview.The interview committee:The interview committee consists of three to five imminent personalities who are well versed in banking matters and normally the services of executives or retired executives of various commercial banks are utilized for the purpose of conducting the interview. The following system is adopted by the committee members during the course of interview process:·While one member poses questions to the candidate, the remaining members observe the body language of the individual as to how he reacts to the questions and especially in respect of difficult questions;·They also review as to how the candidate comes forward in presenting his answers in a crisp manner thereby providing the relevant points expected by the committee members at the shortest possible time.·Basing upon the answering ability, communication ability, level of confidence, willingness to accept challenges etc., the committee members select the individuals by awarding better gradation.·When the candidate is found to be inattentive on account of low level of self confidence or some other factors, the committee members pose provoking questions so that the candidate is emotionally provoked and aroused to come forward with appropriate answers.The interview process:The interview process consists of the following stages:·Attendance marking by the candidate at the reception committee and filling up the relevant format thereby furnishing his details;·Verification of the certificates namely; qualification certificates, experience certificates, certificates relating to extracurricular activities etc., by the reception committee/team members;·Candidate waiting at the reception hall for his turn;·Once called, candidate entering into the interview room duly seeking permission of the team members;·Candidate thanking the interview members for permitting him/her inside the cabin;·Candidate sitting on the seat once offered by one/more members in the interview committee;·Candidate thanking the person who had offered the seat;·Candidate shaking his hands with the members, if offered;·Candidate eagerly awaiting for the questions from the members;·Candidate mentally preparing himself to attend the interview with full concentration maintaining regular eye contact with the committee members;·Candidate answering the questions posed by the members enthusiastically, till the entire process is treated as completed;·Candidate collecting all certificates and documents once the interview is treated as completed;·Candidate thanking the committee members and·Candidate politely raising from the chair, walking towards the entrance, opening the cabin door and gently closing the door behind him;·Candidate meeting other candidates awaiting at the reception hall cheerfully.Dress code:·Dress code is most important aspect and a person is judged by the dress he wears. Dress makes half man.·For men: Please wear a neat full length trouser and one full length shirt – preferably white or light shaded; Usage of “T” shirts greatly dampens the image of the candidate and the purpose of using any ‘T” shirt is to have better comfort during the course of walking, relaxing, jogging, running, partying and relaxing. As such “T” shirts are not considered to be a fit wear during professional meetings including interviews. Do not wear highly dark colored and checked dresses. The candidate has to wear a good quality shoes neatly polished. If possible he can wear a “tie” and this is purely optional and certain organizations pay more attention to the personality of an individual which gets improved by way of better dressing.·For girls: Under any circumstances girls should not wear provoking dresses namely; “T” shirts, jeans pants, trousers, half gowns and shirts with messages and blouses with low cuts. A neat chudithar is considered to be the best option and wearing of sarees improves the image of the individual.A.Questions during the first phase:·Initially the candidates are invited to tell about their personal life and interests, their family members, their ambitions, their qualifications, their achievements in studies, sports, music and any other extracurricular activities;·The second question is about the place to which the candidate belongs. In case the candidate belongs to Chennai, he will be asked to tell about Chennai and the importance of the place. Necessarily the candidate should have a thorough knowledge about the place from which he is hailing;·The interviewers will pose “ice breaking questions” in order to shift the focus of the candidate. This is for the purpose of finding out the reaction of the candidate during such “focus change”. (Banks demand people who are able to face any challenges);·During the first two to three minutes, more than 80 percent of the questions will be on the personal details and basic information about the candidate. It has to be remembered that – “The first impression is the best impression” and accordingly the candidate has to behave politely, calmly, courageously and confidently.Sample questions during the first phase:·01. My dear friend, now tell us about yourself: The candidate has to inform in a crisp manner about himself, his family, his qualifications, achievements if any etc. Unnecessary details should be avoided altogether and the candidates at no cost should provide information to the committee members with an intention to derive sympathy from the committee members. Such an attitude will prompt the members either to reject or award poor marks.·02. I see – you are from Chennai – please tell me about Chennai: Since the candidate belongs to Chennai, he is invited to tell about Chennai and he should have pre-hand information about Chennai and should come forward to tell about important places in Chennai namely; Marina beach, High Court, Kabaleeswarar Temple, Metro train facilities, Santhome church, International airport, Asia’s biggest bus station at Koyembedu and many more.·03. I find that you had studied in Presidency college. What was the reason for your preference of this college?. How was your life in the college? The candidate has to tell about the college; the achievements of the college in academic scenario as well as in sports and in other areas;·04. I find that you had studied “EEE” - why you had chosen the course? The candidate has to tell about the purpose and the potential available for the students who had opted to pursue EEE course.·05. You are in Chennai for a long period. What is your opinion about Chennai?·06. You are having “EEE” in engineering and why you are willing to get employed in banks? (Your reply should be – In fact by working in a bank, I can develop my relationship with public in a better manner; improve my knowledge and provide better service to as many people as possible since the banks are purely service oriented organisations. I find that I can have more career prospects in future by getting employed in the banks)·07. What are your strengths and weaknesses? – Your answer should be: I am always willing to work hard under all circumstances and since I have a good communication ability, I hope that I can surely develop friendship with my colleagues, clients and others in a fast manner so that I can contribute better to the society.·08. You are a highly qualified person having one MBA degree apart from a degree in Engineering. What is the guarantee that you will be in the bank without shifting your attention to some other employment potential after some time?: Your reply should not be: On account of unemployment problem, I am joining the bank; Your reply should be – even though I have better qualifications, I wish to work in the banking industry because I can have better opportunities to serve for the welfare of the society by working in the bank than any other organisations.Responsibilities of the candidates appearing for the interview:The candidate should do a home work and he should always depend upon his positive straits namely; his strength, achievements and abilities and necessarily he should believe in himself that he can accept and do the job in a better manner and he should altogether avoid any negative reply or angry reply under any circumstances; even when provoked or tempted by the interview board members and the candidate should remain calm and wear a broad smile during the entire interview process.A smile has the power to keep the individual in better spirits at all times.The following question may provoke the candidate –·Dear friend, considering your personality, I find that you look like a film actor. How do you feel yourself ?(You had not at all expected this question and you are tempted to provide an apt reply to them: Your reply should be– In fact I am fond of wearing a neat dress and I take care of my health by doing physical exercises regularly apart from eating moderate food and getting into the bed at the appropriate time. I always believe in the following proverb – “Health is wealth”. An individual may not be in a position to discharge his duties properly without adequate health. The habit of eating quality food, regular exercise and better dressing are the factors which are responsible for my personality.B.Second phase of the interview process:During this phase, questions will be asked about the bank for which the candidate is appearing for the interview and the following are some sample questions in case the candidate is appearing for a post in Punjab National Bank:·Do you know – where is the head office of Punjab National Bank?·Who is the present chairman of the bank?·How many branches are there in Punjab National Bank as on date?·Can you tell me about the total business of the bank?·Can you tell me about some deposit schemes available in the bank?·What do you know about the logo of Punjab National Bank?·What is the punchline of Punjab National Bank?·What is the position of Punjab National Bank among the commercial banks in the country as on date?(It is the responsibility of the candidate to collect the necessary information about the bank for which he is appearing for the interview by visiting the website of the bank and referring other material sources in order to get the required information about the bank namely; the headquarters, number of branches, total business, profit position, important schemes, tie up with another banks, achievements of the bank, if any; the present position and ranking of the bank in terms of business, profitability, non performing assets, productivity of the employee etc., In case the candidate is appearing for a group of banks, he should have information in general about all the banks in the group)C.Third phase of the interview:During this phase, questions will be asked on general banking practices as mentioned below:The following are the questions regarding the banks in general:·Have you visited any bank branch? What was your experience?·What is the business of any bank?·What are the essential/primary functions of any bank?·What are the secondary functions of any bank?·Who can open a savings bank account?·What do you know by KYC guidelines?·Why banks insist customers in adhering to KYC guidelines?·What is the difference between Current deposit account and Savings deposit account?·What do you mean by CASA account?·Who normally opens a current account?·What do you know by a fixed deposit account?·Can a company open a savings account?·Can the director of a company open a savings account?·Who is the controlling authority for the banks in India?·What is a foreign bank?·What is meant by a public sector bank?·Which is the largest private sector bank in the country?·Which is the largest bank in the country?·You are working as an officer in savings department. The customer complains about the irritating behavior of the clerk who is working under your supervision. What will you do in this situation?·Your manager delegates some work and you are failing in doing the work within the allotted time and your manager is not happy with your performance. How will you convince your manager?·Today there is some news about annual credit policy. What do you know by that?·What do you know by reverse repo rate?·What is called as inflation?·What is rupee convertibility?·What do you know by gross domestic product?·What do you know by ASBA?·What do you know by Sensex?·What do you know by a convertible debenture?·What is an initial public offer?·What do you know by facebook – whether it is good or bad for any individual and what is your opinion?·What are the advantages and disadvantages of Whatsapp?·What is your opinion about currency demonetization and how far the process helps in improving the economy of the country?(The above questions are illustrative and not exhaustive and the candidate should know fairly well about many banking as well as general aspects)D.The fourth phase of the interview:Like the initial phase or first phase, this fourth phase is also important wherein tricky questions will be asked as mentioned below:·You are hailing from Coimbatore. In case you are posted to Chennai whether you will be willing to work at Chennai?. (Your answer: If I am posted at Coimbatore, I shall try my level best to bring more business to the bank since I know the place and people well and I can take care of family members who are dependent on me. Even otherwise, I shall discharge my duties to the best when I am posted at Chennai)·Suddenly on account of computer crash, you have to sit late – whether you will be willing to sit late and finish the job or leave early without informing your superiors? (Definitely I will never mind in sitting late and I shall always cooperate with my superiors in finishing the day to day functions of the branch. I am one among the team members and I have the responsibility to cooperate with other members during critical situations)·What information are you willing to tell about yourself? (If I am selected, I shall work hard and I shall discharge my duties to the entire satisfaction of my superiors. I shall always do the best from my side for the growth of my organization.)Selected Interview QuestiomsCandidate: 00101.Why you are willing to join in a bank?I am willing to join in a bank since I hope that I may be having more opportunities to serve the public. Banks have better career opportunities by means of periodical promotions to higher cadre.02.What do you mean by appraisal of gold loans?Gold loans are granted against the security of gold jewellery namely gold chains, necklaces etc., The jewellery apart from gold contains certain amount of copper and stones. Appraiser is a person well versed in the art of appraising the jewellery and on appraisal of the jewellery, he will be finding out the approximate gold content so that the bank may be able to provide loans against the gold content.03.What are the different kinds of term deposits available in a commercial bank?The different kinds of term deposits available in a commercial bank are – fixed deposit, recurring deposit and reinvestment deposit. In the case of fixed deposit, a fixed amount is accepted for a definite period and interest is paid on quarterly basis. In the case of reinvestment deposit which is similar to fixed deposit, interest is paid on maturity since interest is reinvested. In the case of recurring deposit, monthly instalments are accepted for a fixed period.04.What is the minimum period for which a fixed deposit is accepted and the maximum period for which a fixed deposit is accepted?The minimum period for which fixed deposit is accepted is seven days and the maximum period is ten years.05.Whether a fixed deposit can be accepted for a period more than ten years?In the case of deposits in the names of minors on account of settlement of claims, the deposit can be for more than ten years06.What do you mean by FERA?FERA means foreign exchange regulations act and it came into effect from the year 1973. An act to regulate certain payments dealing in foreign exchange, securities, the import & export of currency and acquisition of immovable property by foreigners. Under Section 31 (1) of the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act ( FERA) of 1973, it is mandatory for foreign corporations, which are not incorporated in India to obtain permission from the Reserve Bank Of India (RBI) to acquire, hold, transfer or dispose off in any manner (expect by way of lease for a period not exceeding five years) any immovable property in India.07.What do you mean by ECS?ECS means electronic clearing service and the customer can authorize on periodical basis to make payment of certain utility bills like electricity charges, water charges etc., by debiting his account till such time he submits a revocation letter. Similarly, he can authorize corporate to credit the dividends on shares and interest on debentures as and when due to the credit of his account with the bank.08.What is the minimum amount that can be sent through RTGS?The minimum amount that can be sent through RTGS is Rupees two lakhs and there is no maximum limit09.What is the maximum amount that can be remitted through NEFT?There is no or maximum limit for remittances sent through NEFT10.What is the maximum amount that can be sent abroad by any resident individual?Under liberalized remittance scheme, all resident individuals including minors are allowed to freely remit an amount upto US dollars 250000 (or its equivalent freely convertible foreign currency) per financial year11..What is the name of apex bank which is responsible for the development of agriculture in the country?NABARD is the apex bank which is responsible for the development of agriculture in the country.12.What are the different kinds of schemes available in our country aiming towards poverty alleviation?National old age pension scheme; Jawahar Gramin Samruddi Yojana; National Family Benefit scheme; Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme; National Maternal Benefit Schemel Annapurna etc.,13.What do you mean by crossing of any cheque?Writing of two parallel transverse lines drawn on the face of the cheque on top left hand corner with or without any words between the lines is known as crossing and it is for the purpose of making payment of the cheque through an account in the name of the payee or holder.14.What are the different kinds of crossing?Two parallel transverse lines drawn on the face of the cheque on top left hand corner of the cheque with any words or without any words is known as general crossing and the the payment can be made to the account of the payee or holder with any bank. In case the name of any bank is mentioned within the two parallel lines, it is known as special crossing and in this case, the payment should be made to the account of the payee or holder with the bank mentioned in the crossing only and not to any other bank.15.What do you mean by CASA?CASA means current and savings and this is applicable to computerized branches linked under core banking solution16.Whose signature is available in Rs. 100/- currency note?The signature of RBI governor is available in Rs. 100 currency note17.What do you know by dividend?Dividend is the return available in the form of money for the investments made by the shareholders in the equity shares and preference shares of any company.18.Bank holidays are declared according to which act?Holidays for banks are declared according to Negotiable Instruments act 1881 by the respective state governments in their states. However, all Sundays, all second and fourth Saturdays have been declared as holidays apart from the holidays permitted for religious and national ceremonies.19.Banks are functioning according to which act?Commercial banks in the country are functioning according to Banking Regulation act 1949 and to some extent as per Reserve Bank of India act 193420.RBI is functioning in the country as per which act?Reserve Bank of India is functioning according to Reserve Bank of India act 1934.Candidate: 00201.What do you mean by a guarantee?Guarantee is an undertaking executed by one person called as guarantor in favour of another person called as beneficiary expressing his intention to make payment in the event of failure of the principal debtor on payment of a debt or failure to perform any contract within the stipulated time or according to the terms of the contract.02.What are the different types of guarantees?The different types of guarantees are financial guarantee, performance guarantee and deferred payment guarantee03.What do you mean by letter of credit?Letter of credit is an undertaking executed by one banker on behalf of its customer to honour bills and documents drawn by another person as per the terms and conditions as mentioned in the letter of credit04.What do you know by packing credit advance?It is the preshipment advance granted by one bank to the exporter for the purpose of procuring raw materials; payment of various duties like customs duty, excise duty; packing charges; shipment charges etc.,05.What do you mean by special crossing?In case the name of any bank is mentioned within the two parallel lines, it is known as special crossing and in this case, the payment should be made to the account of the payee or holder with the bank mentioned in the crossing only and not to any other bank.06.What do you know by IFSC code ?IFSC means Indian Financial System Code and this is one alphanumeric code consisting of eleven digits of which the four alphabetic digits represent the name of the bank mentioned in abridged form and the next zero is known as control number and the last six numeric digits represent the branch code of the bank.07.Which is called as mother of deposits?Savings deposit is known as mother of deposits. Normally the first time customers will be advised to open savings deposits with the bank branch before availing any other facility with the bank08.Who is a called as natural guardian?Bother mother and father are known as natural guardian for the purpose of opening accounts in the name of minors represented by the guardian.09.Whether grandfathers and grandmothers can be natural guardians?Grand fathers, grandmothers grand grandfathers or grand grandmothers cannot represent as natural guardians on be behalf of the minors10.Which type of credit facility is available to a farmer for raising crops?For raising crops, the farmers are provided with crop loans, Kisan Credit Cards etc.,11.What do you mean by NULM?National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM) was launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MHUPA), Government of India in 24th September, 2013 by replacing the existing Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY).The NULM will focus on organizing urban poor in their strong grassroots level institutions, creating opportunities for skill development leading to market-based employment and helping them to set up self-employment venture by ensuring easy access to credit. The Mission is aimed at providing shelter equipped with essential services to the urban homeless in a phased manner. In addition, the Mission would also address livelihood concerns of the urban street vendors12.What do you mean by Gram Sadak Yojana?The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana called as PMGSY was launched by the Government of India for the purpose of providing connectivity to unconnected habitations as part of a poverty reduction strategy. Government of India is endeavouring to set high and uniform technical and management standards and facilitating policy development and planning at state level in order to ensure sustainable management of the rural roads network.13.What are the salient features of MGNREGA?MGNREGA is known as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee act and according to this employment is guaranteed at least one person per household in rural areas. It aims at enhancing the livelihood security of people living in rural areas by guaranteeing hundred days of wage employment during each financial year to a rural household whose adult members volunteers to undertake unskilled manual work14.Which authority is supervising the functions of insurance companies?IRDA – Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority is the authority responsible for supervising the functions of insurance companies in our country15.What is meant by IPO?IPO means initial public offer and this is the first time public offer of equity shares, preference shares or debentures to the public for subscription16.What is meant by ASBA?ASBA means applications supported by blocked amount. Nowadays investors are permitted to remit the amount through ASBA demand drafts drawn in ASBA accounts for the purpose of subscribing shares or debentures through initial public offer and further public offer. When the demand draft is issued, instead of debiting the amount in the account, the amount is blocked till such time the shares or debentures are allotted. On allotment, the entire amount is debited; in the case of partial allotment, the amount is debited equivalent to the value of allotment and in the case of non allotment, the entire amount is allowed for further use. For the intervening period, the depositor earns interest as applicable to the category of deposits.17.What is meant by Performance guarantee issued by any commercial bank?In the case of contracts in favour of governments, the contractors are in a position to provide a bank guarantee by a reputed commercial bank, thereby undertaking to guarantee the government department to compensate the loss on account of failure of performance of the contract by the contractor within the due date or failure to perform the contract as per the terms and conditions of the contract. This is known as performance guarantee.18.What do you mean by packing credit facility issued by any commercial bank?Packing guarantee is known as preshipment advance provided by the commercial bank to the exporter for the purpose of procuring raw materials, packing materials or making payment towards customers duty, excise duty, transportation charges etc.,19.What do you mean by notice money?Notice money is money borrowed for a period of two days and more and upto fourteen days in the call money market.20.Treasury bills are issued by which authority and what are the different kinds of treasury bills available in the country?Treasury bills are issued by central government and state governments for the purpose of mobilizing funds from the public and others towards meeting the cost of various projects. There are three kinds of treasury bills as at present namely – 91 days, 182 days and 364 days. 91 days treasury bills are issued each Friday and the notified amount is Rupees one hundred crores. 182 day treasury bills are issued during alternative Wednesdays which is non reporting week and the notified amount is Rupees 100 crores and 364 days treasury bills are issued on alterntive Wednesdays which is a reporting week and the notified amount is Rupees 500 crores.Candidate: 00301.What do you know by PIN number?PIN number is four digit number expressed in numerical characters. PIN number is used for the transactions done using debit cards and credit cards through automated teller machines and point of sale terminals.02.What do you know by PAN number?PAN number is known as permanent account number. This is used for the purpose of remittance of income tax with income tax department. Tax payers should get one PAN number by sending an application along with relevant documents and by payment of specified sum of money to Income tax department or their agencies. It is ten digit number consisting and alphapetical and numerical characters.03.What are the functions of DICGC?DICGC means Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation and this corporation provides deposit insurance upto an amount of Rupees one lakh per depositor per bank in the event of insolvency of the bank and it also provides small loans guarantee upto certain limits04.What is the role played by ECGC?ECGC provides guarantee support to the exporters of the country in the form of several export guarantees05.Mention the Regional Rural Banks which are functioning in Tamilnadu?The Regional rural banks which are functioning in Tamilnadu are Pandiyan Grama Bank and Pallavan Gramin Bank. Pandiyan Grama Bank has been sponsored by Indian Overseas Bank and pallavan Gramin Bank has been sponsored by Indian bank.06.What do you mean by Mergers and what are the different kinds of mergers?When two independent units merge together to form a single unit, it is known as merger. The mergers can be vertical merger, horizontal merger, reverse merger, consolidation, amalgamation etc.,07.What do you mean by horizontal merger and reverse merger?When the business functions of two units are identical in nature and when the merger takes place between those units, it is known as horizontal merger. New Bank of India merged with Punjab National Bank and both are banking organizations. Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Limited was instrumental in establishing ICICI bank as per LPG norms and subsequently Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation Limited merged with ICICI Bank and when a parent unit gets merged with an ancillary unit, it is known as reverse merger.08.Which are the top two private sector banks in our country?The top private sector banks in our country are HDFC bank limited and ICICI bank limited09.Whether housing loan is a priority sector advance and if so, upto what amount?Housing loans granted are treated as priority sector advances subject to certain conditions. Loans to individuals up to Rupees 28 lakh in metropolitan centres (with population of ten lakh and above) and loans up to Rupees 20 lakh in other centres for purchase/construction of a dwelling unit per family, are eligible to be considered as priority sector provided the overall cost of the dwelling unit in the metropolitan centre and at other centres does not exceed Rupees 35 lakh and Rupees 25 lakh, respectively. Housing loans to banks’ own employees are not eligible for classification under priority sector.10.Whether educational loan is a priority sector advance?Loans to individuals for educational purposes including vocational courses upto Rupees 10 lakh irrespective of the sanctioned amount are eligible for classification under priority sector.11.What do you mean by micro, small and medium enterprises?The classification is based on original investment in plant and machinery: For micro enterprises, upto Rs. 25 lakhs for manufacturing units and Rupees 10 lakhs for service units; For small enterprises, for manufacturing units above Rupees 25 lakhs and upto Rs. 5 crores and for service units above Rupees 10 lakhs and upto Rupees 2 crores; For medium enterprises, for manufacturing units above Rupees 5 crores and upto 10 crores and for service units above Rupees 2 crores and upto Rupees five crores12.What do you mean by KYC and name any two important documents which are obtained as per KYC?KYC means know your customer guidelines and these guidelines were prescribed by RBI for new customers who are willing to open accounts with commercial banks and according to KYC, any new customer who is willing to open accounts with commercial banks should submit the photocopy of anyone of the following namely; driving licence, voter id card, AADHAARA card, passport as address proof and photocopy of anyone of the following namely; driving licence, voter id card, AADHAAR card, passport, pancard as identity proof. KYC is antimony laundering device.13.What is the present repo rate and reverse repo rate?The present repo rate is 6.25% and reverse repo rate is 5.75%14.In the case of MICR code, the middle three digits represent what?MICR code consists of nine numerical digits and the middle three numerical digits represent bank name15.PAN number consists of how many alpha characters?PAN number consists of ten digits. The first three alpha characters are random alphapetical characters between AAA to ZZZ; next one alpha character represents the category of the cardholder; the next one alpha character represents the first character of the name of the cardholder; the next four numerical digits are auto generated sequential numbers and the last one single alpha character is a check digit.16.What do you know by biometric automated teller machines?In the case of automated teller machines, the four digit numerical PIN number is used for performing transactions using debit card and credit card. In the case of biometric automated teller machines, instead of PIN numbers, anyone of the following body parts is used – left hand thumb impression; eye retina and voice recognition. In India, the left hand thumb impression is the accepted mode and these kinds of automated teller machines are known as green label automated teller machines.17.What is the criteria by which a bank is considered as largest bank?For the purpose of ranking, a bank is considered to be largest or smallest taking into consideration the business position of the bank; namely – the total deposits and total advances as at the end of March each year.18.What do you mean by commercial paper?Commercial papers are issued by well rated organizations for mobilizing funds from the public and other corporate. They are issued at a discount and they are freely negotiable by endorsement and delivery. The minimum maturity period is seven days and the corporate should have earned credit rating equivalent to P2 issued by CRISIL19.What do you mean by FCNR?FCNR means foreign currency non resident accounts. Non resident Indians and Persons of Indian origin are eligible to invest in this deposit. It is a term deposit accepted in the currencies – US dollar, Sterling Pound, Euro, Japanese Yen, Canadian dollar and Australian dollar. The minimum period of deposit is one year and the maximum period is five years and the deposit is held in foreign currencies and the interest earned is free from income tax.20.What do you mean by Escheat?He is a person who dies without leaving any legal heirs and in this case, his estate will revert to the state government.Candidate: 00401.What do you mean by money laundering?Using the banking channel for the purpose of bringing illegal money is known as money laundering.02.What do you mean by subprime lending?Mass lending by commercial banks to the borrowers without ascertaining the credit worthiness of the borrowers03.What is meant by LPG and who is responsible for introduction of LPG strategy in our country?LPG means liberalization, privatization and globalization and this was coined by Dr. Manmohan Singh, the then finance minister of our country. The salient highlights of the Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation Policy in India are: Foreign Technology Agreements; Foreign Investment; MRTP Act, 1969 (Amended); Industrial Licensing; Deregulation Beginning of privatization; Opportunities for overseas trade; Steps to regulate inflation; Tax reforms; Abolition of License -Permit Raj04.What do you mean by PURA?PURA means providing urban amenities in rural areas. This concept was coined by Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, the then president of India.05.What do you know by current ratio?It is one equation between current assets and current liabilities. This ratio provides the liquidity position of the organization. When the ratio is more than one it is known as positive current ratio and the unit is having sufficient working capital and when it is less than one, the unit is found to have more current liabilities than current assets and the liquidity position is found to be very weak.06.What do you know about negotiable instruments act?In India, the negotiable instruments act was passed during 1881 which came into force with effect from March 01, 1882. Negotiable instruments means and include promissory note, bills of exchange and cheque payable to order or bearer. Promissory note, bill of exchange, cheque and demand draft are negotiable instruments.07.What do you know by MICR?MICR means magnetic ink character recognition. MICR code is available in MICR bank at the bottom of the cheque or demand draft. It consists of nine numerical digits of which the first three digits represent the centre/city; the middle three digits represent the bank and the last three digits represent the branch of the bank.08.When it comes to rural lending, which are all considered to be priority sector advances?When it comes to rural lending, the loans granted to the following are considered to be priority sector advances – Loans granted to all agriculture related activities; self help group; Differential rate of interest; Loans to SC/ST beneficiaries; Loans provided to doctors for setting up clinics in rural areas; Loans to dealers in fertilizers and pesticides; loans to dealers of springler irrigation and drip irrigation equipments etc.,09.Who is called as an authorized dealer?Authorised dealer is at present known as authorized person. Authorised person is an individual or organization permitted to deal in foreign exchange business in the country.10.What do you know by financial inclusion?Financial inclusion means the following: Providing formal banking services to poor people in urban and rural areas; Promoting the habit of money savings, insurance, pension-investment among poor people; Helping the people in getting loans at reasonable rates from commercial banks so that they do not become victims to local moneylenders11.What are the important initiatives taken through financial inclusion in the country?The following are the important initiatives taken through financial inclusion in our country: Lead banking scheme; No frill accounts; Basic savings bank deposit accounts; JANDHAN accounts; business correspondent and business facilitator facilities; Swabhiman campaign;12.What do you mean by MCLR?MCLR replaces the base rate system. RBI introduced the system with effect from 01.04.2016 in order to determine the base rate by commercial to improve the efficiency of monetary policy transmission. All rupee loans sanctioned and credit limits renewed with effect from 01.04.2016 to be priced with reference to MCLR and it will be an internal benchmark for the banks. It consists of marginal cost of funds, negative carry on account of CRR, operating costs and tenor premium. The marginal cost of funds consists of two components namely; marginal cost of borrowings and return on networth13.What are the major money market instruments?Certificate of deposits; Commercial paper; Inter Bank participation certificates; iner bank term money; Treasury bills; Bills rediscounting and call/notice money14.What are the differences between NEFT and RTGS?Both are two categories of online remittance facilities through CBS enabled branches of commercial banks. The minimum balance that can be sent through RTGS is Rupees two lakhs whereas in the case of NEFT, there is no such limit. The beneficiary gets his funds at real time and it means instantaneously without any loss of time. In the case of the beneficiary gets his funds in between batches15.Who is deciding the rate of interest for savings deposit accounts?Rate of interest for savings deposits is decided by respective commercial banks only and RBI has permitted full freedom in this connection.16.Who cannot open savings deposit accounts?Proprietorship concerns, partnership firms, limited liability partnership firms, private limited companies and public limited companies are not permitted to open savings accounts17.What is meant by memorandum of association?Memorandum of association is the parent document for any company whether it is a private limited company or private limited company. It contains the details of formation of the company, policies, objectives, registered office and more.18.What is known as power of attorney?Power of attorney is an authorization given by one person called as principal in favour of another person called as an agent authorizing the agent to perform certain activities on behalf of the principal and it can be specific power of attorney or particular power of attorney.19.In which currencies FCNR accounts can be opened in our country?FCNR account can be opened in the following currencies namely; US dollars, Sterling Pounds; Euro; Japanese Yen; Australian dollars and Canadian dollars.20.What are the differences between NRE and FCNR?NRE and FCNR accounts are opened by non resident Indians and Persons of Indian Origin in India. NRE accounts are to be opened in rupees whereas FCNR is opened in foreign currencies. NRE accounts can be opened in the form of savings account, current account, reinvestment deposit and fixed deposit whereas, FCNR account is permitted to be opened as fixed deposit or reinvestment deposit. NRE term deposits can be opened for a minimum period of seven days and maximum period of ten years. FCNR accounts can be opened for a minimum period of one year and maximum period of five years.Candidate: 00501.What do you mean by masala bonds?Masala bonds are the bonds issued for rupee denominated borrowings by Indian companies in overseas markets02.What do you mean by secondary market in our country?Secondary market pertains to capital market and it is also known as stock exchange or old issues market. Shares, debentures and bonds can be bought and sold from the stock exchange through registered brokers.03.What do you mean by fund based limits and non fund based limits?The loans provided to the borrowers in the form of term loans, overdrafts, cash credits and bills discounting limits are known as fund based limits since funds are released to the borrowers. Guarantees and letter of credits are non fund based limits since no funds are provided for the time being since they are contingent liabilities.04.What do you mean by off balance sheet items?Guarantees, letter of credits and bills sent for collection for which proceeds are yet to be realized are known as off balance sheet items05.What do you mean by closed ended scheme?This is one form of mutual fund scheme. Like initial public offer, the scheme is open for a certain period only and after which the public cannot invest their amount in the units under this scheme.06.What do you mean by open ended scheme?This is one mutual fund scheme and the units under scheme can be purchased and sold at any time07.What do you mean by overdraft facility granted by a bank?Overdraft is a facility granted by the banks towards meeting the working capital requirements of a borrower. This is provided by means of credit limit over and above the current account balance and the borrower has to pay the interest as and when due.08.What do you mean by collateral security?Collateral security is an additional security provided by the borrower in addition to the primary security. For example, in the case of vehicle loan, the car purchased out of loan is known as the prime security and the insurance policy obtained by the bank from the borrower for the sanction of this loan is known as collateral security.09.In regard to educating a customer, what are the different kinds of information boards displayed in a bank branch?The following boards are available in the bank branches – Working hours and business hours; Interest rates on various deposits; Interest rates for loans; Service charges; Time norms for various services; Details of schemes available in the branch10.Who is the present RBI Governor?The present governor of RBI is Shri Urjit Patel and he is functioning as the governor of RBI since 04th September, 201611.What do you mean by unclaimed deposits?The deposits which are not in operation for more than ten years are known as unclaimed deposits. For the purpose of this classification, the customer induced transactions are only taken into account.12.How many regional centres are available for RBI in the country?Reserve Bank of India has four regional centres at the following places – Chennai, Kolkatta, New Delhi and Mumbai.13.What do you mean by white label automated teller machines?The automated teller machines which are maintained and managed by non bank entities are known as white label automated teller machines. In our country TATA Indicash and Muthoot finance are having such machines installed at various centres.14.What are the advantages of CTS?CTS means cheque truncation scheme. This is used for clearing purpose. Normally commercial banks used to send the physical cheques through their15.What do you mean by certificate of deposits?Certificate of deposits are issued by scheduled commercial banks (except Regional Rural Banks) and all financial institutions within their umbrella limits. Individuals, corporate, companies, trusts, funds and associations can invest in certificate of deposits and they are issued for a minimum period of seven days and maximum period of twelve months in the case of commercial banks and in the case of financial institutions the minimum period is one year and maximum three years, Minimum amount for investment is Rupees one lakh and in multiples of Rupees one lakh.16.RBI is called by which names – mention four names?RBI is called by the following names – banker to banker; lender of the last resort; custodian of banks; banker to government;17.What do you mean by ways and means advances?Ways and means advances were introduced as per an agreement between Reserve Bank of India and Government and they are temporary overdraft facilities provided by RBI to central government and state governments and the purpose is to bridge the time interval of mismatch the government expenditure and receipts. The duration of the limit is ten days for central government and 14 days for state government departments.18.Who is banking ombudsman and by whom he is appointed?Banking Ombudsman is an arbitrary authority who resolves the complaints received from the customers of commercial banks in regard to bank related issues.19.What do you mean by EEFC account?Exchange Earner’s Foreign Currency account is an account maintained in an account maintained in foreign currency with an authorized dealer ; i/e/ a bank dealing in foreign exchange. Professionals, exporters, trainers etc., who are in receipt of foreign exchange for the services extended by them in foreign countries can invest the amount in EEFC account and the account will be in the form of current account and no interest is paid for the balance held in EEFC account.20.What do you know by NBFC?NBFC means non banking finance companies. It is a company registered under Indian Companies act 1956 and presently 2013 engaged in the business of providing loans and advances, acquisition of shares/stocks/bonds/debentures/securities issued by Government or local authority or other marketable securities of a like nature, leasing, hire purchase, insurance business, chit fund business etc.,Candidate: 00601.What do you mean by arbitrage?It is the process of purchase of one security from one market and selling the same security for earning a profit at the same time at another market.02.What do you mean by Bonus shares?It is the free allotment of shares in certain proportion to the existing shares held by the shareholders of a company and this is a means of providing reward to the investors for their contribution to the growth of the organization by capital investment03.What do you mean by Bull?It is a term given to a speculator on stock exchange who buys the securities in expectation of a rise in the prices. The market is called as bullish when there is a domination of buyers over the sellers04.What is known as dematerialization?Dematerialisation is the process by which shares in the physical form are cancelled and they are issued in electronic form. The certificates are known as demat shares. This process eliminates the time and manpower involved in transfer and registration of shares from the seller to the buyer05.What do you mean by moorat trading?It is the auspicious trading on a special day, say Diwali during some specified hours.06.What do you mean by rights issue?It is the issue of new shares to the existing shareholders in a fixed ratio to those already held at a price which is generally below the market price of the old shares.07.What do you mean by futures?It is a standard contract issued on an agreement to buy or sell an asset at a certain price at a certain time in future. It is an obligation on the buyer to purchase the underlying instrument and the seller to sell it.08.What do you mean by forward?The forward is a contract that is traded off the stock exchange and it is self regulatory and has certain flexibility unlike future which are traded at stock exchange only and it do not have flexibility of quantity and quality of commodity to be delivered and these are regulated by Securities Exchange Board of India, Reserve Bank of India or other agencies.09.What do you mean by factoring?Factoring is an arrangement in which short term domestic receivables on sale of goods or services are sold to a company called as factor and this scheme came into existence during 1991 based on the report of Kalyanasundaram Committee10.What do you mean by forfeiting?Forfaiting represents the purchase of obligations, which fall due at some future date and arise from the delivery of goods in export transactions, without recourse to the previous holder of the obligations.11.What do you mean by leasing?A lease is a contract where the owner of the assets transfers the right to another person to use the assets against the payment of fixed lease rentals. In the case of one lease contract, there are two parties namely – the lessor or the owner and the lessee or user. The lessor remains owner and the leased property remains with the possession of the lessee.12.What do you mean by debt market?It is a market wherein the debt instruments are issued to the public by any company for investment and such debt instrument bears a fixed interest rate payable half yearly on specific dates and principal amount repayable on particular date on redemption. Debentures are normally secured/charged against the asset of the company in favour of debenture holder. The following are some debt instruments – debenture; bond; zero coupon bond; convertible bond; security receipts etc.,13.What do you mean by greenshoe option?It is an option provided by Securities and Exchange Board of India to a company which is coming out with one initial public offer to the public. By this option, the company can retain certain portion of the applications received through IPO in case of oversubscription.14.What do you mean by equity market?Equity market consists of investment by the public in different kinds of shares issued by the company and by subscribing for the shares, the investors are expressing their willingness to stand as owners of the company. The equity market consists of equity shares, preference shares, rights shares, bonus shares etc.,15.What do you mean by sweat equity?Directors and employees contribute intellectual property rights to the company in the form of providing technical know-how captured by way of research or contributed by way of strategy software developed for the company or adding profit and economic value. To compensate the directors and employees, the concept of sweat equity has come into existence.16.What do you mean by participatory notes?A participatory note is a financial derivative instrument issued against an underlying security and it allows the holder, to get dividend or capital gains earned from the underlying security although some of the holders may not be eligible to trade in stock markets in India.17.What do you mean by book building?Book building is the process to assess the demand for a particular public issue of various prices, based on which the issue is priced and sold to the investors.18.What do you mean by sensex?It is a stock market index provided by Bombay Stock Exchange for the information of the investors. The positive or negative variation in the index provides an insight for investment or dis-investment to the general public and especially the investors in the stock market. It is based on the market capitalization of top thirty shares earmarked by BSE19.What do you mean by Nifty?It is a stock market index provided by National Stock Exchange for the information of the investors. The positive or negative variation in the index provides an insight for the investment or dis-investment to the general public and especially the investors who are participating in stock market trading. It is based on the market capitalization of top fifty shares earmarked by NSE20.What do you mean by swap?A swap is a contract that binds two counterparties to exchange the different streams of payments over the specified period at specified rate.

What is Women’s Empowerment?Simplified, it is the actions that result in women being able to own and control property. It is primarily financial, but extends into the areas of body autonomy (the ability to chose what is done with your own body), childcare, education and violence against women because they all directly impact a woman’s ability to work, run a business and/or manage property.Addressing inequality and Human Rights violations are key to resolving poverty. When inequality is high, poverty goes up; when inequality is low (and equality is high), poverty goes down.It’s an important economic concept that has been thoroughly examined, discussed and researched by academics and activists all over the world (see references below).My Own ExperienceSince I’m just a poverty survivor and not a world-renowned academic expert in economics (or anything else), allow me to provide a ground-zero perspective from life here in the United States of America.The examples I have collected show how an individual is kept in poverty or under absolute financial control of another individual. Therefore, it is important to understand that placing one person in a family (or community or collection of humans) under the absolute control of another person contributes to poverty overall.The most simplistic explanation for this statement is this: If the controlling person is wealthy, the person they control is impoverished because they care unable to own property.However, these human rights violations continue the cycle of poverty in many other ways. If a woman is unable to make decisions, maintain control over her body or well being, is subjected to violence, or is simply trapped in her home, then she is not contributing her full potential to the household or the community. Also, if something happens to the individual who is controlling all finances, leaving him unable to work, then the entire family becomes homeless.For the purposes of this answer, I will focus on the effect on the women (specifically). Please understand that there are others who are effected, both directly and indirectly, by these issues.1960sImage source: Asterisk Gallery: No Moms Allowed: Teen Hangouts Through History(Note: this is NOT a photo of my mom. Technically, it’s a 1950s photo, but the hairstyles remind me of photos of my mother during her late teens.)During the late 1970s, my mother told me the story of her first drivers license. She a navy child, so my grandfather was out at sea when it came time to go to the DMV, take the test, and get her license; so, my grandmother took my mother in herself.The man behind the counter asked one question: “Where’s your father?”They explained the situation and he flat out refused to allow my mother to get her license without a man present, providing his permission. She was not allowed to drive until my grandfather returned home. You can imagine how infuriating it was for both my mother and my grandmother.Why this is importantNot being able to drives means being shut out of nearly all forms of employment in the far majority of people in the USA. It also significantly restricts movement and the ability to complete simple daily tasks, like shopping for food and going to the doctor.Simply making divers licenses available to women (and punishing this sort of discrimination on the part of DMV workers) improves both women’s rights and women (economic) empowerment.1970sImages Source: NIH: Domestic Violence in the 1970sAs a kid growing up in the Midwest, I had a stay-at-home-mom and lived in a house surrounded by houses filled with stay-at-home-moms. Some of the women were literally trapped in their homes without a vehicle or access to public transportation (at that time, it did not exist outside of the city). A few were doubly trapped by an abusive spouse.Domestic violence was also common. Not just in my little town - everywhere.This was when the women’s movement was picking up steam and making a lot of progress, but deep social and political change always seem to take an extra 5–10 years to reach the deeply rural areas and the states located in landlocked areas between the coasts. It took a while, but it did, finally, arrive.Why this is important:Without realistic options for income, these women were unable to escape violence and abuse against themselves and their children. Without employment they could not escape. Employment was not possible until after they managed to escape. It was an impossible situation.When domestic violence awareness campaigns reached all corners of the USA, and changes to the laws provided all people of all ages protection from violence and abuse, then large numebrs of women were finally able to achieve both physical and financial freedom.1980sImage Source: 1985 cover of TIME | Current & Breaking News | National & World UpdatesAs a teenager in the 1980s I found myself faced with some strange contradictions. There were people who were claiming that women had achieved equality and feminism was dead (sound familiar).Yet, at the exact same time, many of my classmates were getting pregnant due to many difficult realities. Chief among them were the anti-birth control and anti-abortion sentiments of the local religious and political leaders and the disturbingly common occurrence of date rape.While the majority of teenage girls simply gave their babies to family members to raise, there was a not-insignificant minority of teenagers who were forced to marry their boyfriend and/or rapist. I listened to more than one story that roughly translated into the following process:Boy ‘likes’ girls and wants to control her (permanently).Boy rapes girl.Boy tells everyone, including girl’s parents, that they had sex and the baby was his. There may not be a baby on the way. This did not appear to matter.Girl is now socially tied to boy. Other teens and adults perceive her as ‘his.’Boy continues to rape girl until she gets pregnant.Boy demands marriage.Parents force marriage, while trying to absolve themselves of any wrongdoing.Girl is now physically, socially and financially trapped by boy.This is not a relic of the past - it continues to happen.Why This is Important:Body autonomy is about significantly more than ‘wanting to be a parent.’ It’s about physical safety and freedom - literal freedom.No human being, regardless of age or gender, should be subjected to rape. Laws are in place to protect the victim, but they are difficult to enforce. The circumstances are also frequently complicated, particularly when it’s ‘date rape.’The ability to prevent a pregnancy under any circumstance is the last line of defense against this particular kind of predator. Therefore, birth control is absolutely necessary in the fight against rape, domestic violence, and women’s inequality.The ability to raise a child as a single parent, and still pursue a career and/or life goals is something our entire society MUST support, because it provides freedom to girls facing this kind of abuse,The ability to address everything that goes along with a teen pregnancy, including medical care, without being forced into a marriage, is also absolutely necessary.Those who have access to these necessities are also provided access to the possibility of a financially independant and reasonably secure future.1990sImage Source: Huffington Post: Why Anita Hill’s 1991 Testimony Is So Haunting TodayI started working full-time after college. Then I went to grad school, and returned to working full time immediately after. That makes the 1990s the decade of my introduction into the regular workforce. Here are somethings that I heard on a regular basis during that decade (said to me directly and to other women):Of course your pay is low, you’re married. Your husband is bringing in the real income.You're young and married. You’ll be having babies soon. We don’t expect you to stick around.We need someone to take notes. [Name of only female in room], you can be the secretary for the meeting.The best job [a woman] can get is secretary (nurse, teacher, [other stereotypically female position]).You should wear clothes that are tighter (more revealing, more fashionable, etc.). If you want to get ahead, you have to learn to work it. Don’t you want to succeed?I could go on but you get the idea.While all of these things were frustrating, uncomfortable and occasionally infuriating; none of them were perceived as harassment. In fact, the possibility of harassment didn’t come up until the Anita Hill hearings brought the topic into the TV sets and living rooms of every American with access to standard news channels. Even then, the focus was on extreme examples of sexual harassment.Therefore, I will put aside the general atmosphere that was prevalent a few decades ago, and focus on the one specific comment that had real and far-reaching consequences for every working woman in the USA:Of course your pay is low, you’re married. Your husband is bringing in the real income.This is just one of the many excuses/responses to questions about pay disparity that I, personally, encountered. Attempts to pursue this line of inquiry, or negotiate for a simple pay raise, were usually (invariably?) met with threats (direct or implied) of dismissal.(Note: Reason it’s important will be explored in 2000s)2000 to PresentImage Source: Equal Pay For Equal Work (Also see: Equal pay for equal work - Wikipedia)While being held back in the pay-scale during my 20s was frustrating, I didn’t realize just how important it was until many years later. The problem is this:New employers base their pay-level offering on the amount of money previous employers have already paid you.Requesting pay history and verifying the amount former employers paid is standard background check process. These are also standard discussion points during the interview process.When it comes time to talk salary, it’s ALLWAYS based on information the new employer has on what previous employers paid. If you made $30,000 doing the same (or similar) work at your last company, why would the new company pay you significantly more? The fact that the men in the company are getting $90,000 during their first year, is irrelevant.Bottom line: Your price has been set.Why this is important:Women consistently making 70% of the salary earned by men (across all professions) has serious implications for total household income. It reduces a woman’s ability to sustain herself and her children without a roommate or a husband. It significantly reduces her ability to find a job that pays a living wage, if she happens to be an unskilled worker.However, it also has wider implications that directly affect men. The existence of wage disparity establishes a process by which some people are financially discriminated against. This process can be…and often is…applied to any group of people, as the company sees fit.This isn’t about finding the best candidate or paying for a stronger skill set. Wage disparity is the act of paying significantly different wages to people who are doing the exact same work.This perpetuates poverty by systematically restricting select groups of people from accessing key resources.What the Academics Have SaidThere are many highly respected academics and activists who have been saying poverty is reduced when women are economically empowered for a long long time. Here are a few examples of published academic papers that illustrate this fact:UN: Gender and Poverty ReductionWorld Bank: How Empowering Women Can Help End Poverty in AfricaUN Univ: Female Empowerment and Extreme Poverty ReductionWorld Bank: Empowerment and Poverty ReductionUN Women: Women’s Empowerment PrinciplesFor an excellent speech on the effects of violence (specifically) and unenforced laws (in general) on poverty, please watch this TED talk:Ted Talk (YouTube.com) Gary Haugen: The hidden reason for poverty the world needs to address now