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On the 9th of June 1944, Rommel was planning a major counter-attack against the Allied beach-heads in Normandy. This was entrusted to HQ Panzer Group West, under Geyr von Schweppenburg, since (according to the Seventh Army telephone log) neither von Runstedt nor Rommel were confident that Sepp Dietrich - by then fully engaged in close combat - had the ability, time or means to plan and execute such an operation, and it was to be launched on the 10th of June.Unfortunately, on that day, headquarters Panzer Group West - which had been located by the British ‘Y’ Service - was extensively bombed by the Royal Air Force.Chester Wilmot, interviewing eye-witnesses and survivors and inspecting the scene himself, described the effects; most of the officers were wounded, including von Schweppenburg, and seventeen (including Geyr’s Chief of Staff) were killed. The HQ’s radio equipment was obliterated, and so was most of its transport: the dislocation was so severe that it was twelve hours before Seventh Army even learned what had happened.While the Germans were good at what’s now called “mission command” (though the term ‘Auftragstaktik’ sometimes used since the 1960s is a slippery concept; its only appearance in German prior to WW2 is as a term of abuse!) where subordinates were trained to step up to take over if their leader was killed, that did require that the apparatus of command (staff and communications) remained intact enough to employ, and that the new commander had a clear picture of the wider situation - neither of which Dietrich had. He also didn’t have a clear commanders’ intent, having been kept out of the loop for the counteroffensive.The wounded Geyr and his surviving staff were withdrawn to Paris (it was the end of June before the HQ could be re-established), and the plan to launch a major counter-attack was abandoned: command devolved onto Dietrich, who was too embroiled in fighting to make larger plans and needed time to establish the communications and staff needed to command Panzer Group West, and to get any sort of recognised picture of his suddenly-expanded area of responsibility. His first priority was to dig in to defend Caen, since he’d seen signs of an allied build-up there (actually Dempsey reinforcing to defend against Rommel’s intended attack) and mistaken that as preparations for a hasty Allied attack - so, the opportunity for the drive against the beach-heads was lost.Worse, during that period of confusion and lack of central direction, individual German units arriving in Normandy over the next few days used their initiative (and their dwindling stocks of fuel) to find and fight Allied forces where they could - preventing them from forming any sort of reserve, or being fed in where they were most needed rather than “where they first ran into Allied troops”. This further derailed Rommel’s intent to hit the Allies hard as soon as possible, before they could build up forces in France. While the Germans fought a series of defensive battles further and further inland, they were unable to interrupt the flow of troops, tanks, trucks and supplies across the beach-heads, which Rommel had correctly identified as the Allies’ key vulnerability in the first days of an invasion.

Receptionists and Information Clerks - 43-4171.00http://www.onetcodeconnector.org/ccreport/43-4171.00Summary:Answer inquiries and obtain information for general public, customers,visitors, and other interested parties. Provide information regardingactivities conducted at establishment; location of departments, offices,and employees within organization.Tasks:answer calls using switchboardanswer questions from employees or publicarrange teleconference callscalculate rates for organization's products or servicescollect paymentcommunicate with customers or employees to disseminate informationdevelop travel itinerarydistribute correspondence or mailenter time sheet informationescort group on city or establishment toursexamine files or documents to obtain informationexplain rules, policies or regulationsfill out business or government formsgreet customers, guests, visitors, or passengersmaintain appointment calendarmaintain inventory of office formsmaintain records, reports, or filesmaintain telephone logsmaintain travel expense accountsmake presentationsmake travel reservationsoperate business machinesprovide clerical assistance to customers or patientsresolve customer or public complaintsroute multi-line telephone callsschedule meetings or appointmentsschedule or contract meeting facilitiestake messagestranscribe spoken or written informationtype document from machine transcriptiontype letters or correspondenceunderstand second languageuse cash registersuse computers to enter, access or retrieve datause oral or written communication techniquesuse telephone communication techniques

I started using the internet in 1998–1999.I was the Deputy General Manager and the head of the structural steel division of our Office at Bangalore, when the great day arrived. The systems department had made a grand announcement of the commissioning of the internet at our office after long procedures and preparations that took several months. I was among the few computer literate heads of department who understood what it was.Initially it was used only for email. We used PINE initially on Unix operating systems before switching to Eudora on IBM compatible PCs. before finally settling down to MS Outlook and Outlook Express.Web based emails like Hotmail and Yahoo mail were yet to be become popular. Gmail did not exist.Internet speeds were so slow that none of you today will use it!Download speeds were 4Kbps to 6 Kbps, and if you paid extra, you might get 12 Kbps to 20 Kbps. It was good enough for plain text and at most one or two MS Word document or Xls attachments which took an eternity to upload and download.We used it only for correspondence, and for nothing else. All of us who had PCs on our desks used it to message each other through the LAN, and send emails to customers who had an email address. Most of our contacts and customers did not have any for the first year and so we typed the email and send it out by post. Imagine something as silly as that today. When it was urgent, we faxed the documents. Sending them by email was not common.Soon speeds improved, the first few popular sites came up and traffic increased. A new word called “browsing” came up and I remember spending fifteen minutes with my boss the General Manager explaining what “browsing” was and how the internet worked. After some time he nodded his head and pretended to understand. I am sure he hadn’t!A special room was opened up by the systems department and a PC connected to the net was made available for Browsing approved sites. We had to fill out a form, and get the department heads permission and signature, and meet the clerk in charge of the lone publicly accessible PC that was connected to the internet. The clerk would enter the details like: Name of the person using the net, purpose, name of the site or sites browsed, from what time to what time etc! At 5:30 pm sharp we had to shut down the PC!Most of the sites we routinely visit today did not exist. Google’s search engine made it’s entry first around 2000 and not many people even knew what it could do. It was nothing like what it is today. The search engine was primitive. The browser we used was Netscape Navigator.I got my first private Internet connection at home around the same time (1999) and it was through a telephone dial up connection. When I went online, my land line telephone could not be used. It would give the engaged tone. My wife used to be upset with me for hogging the telephone line and would ask me to hurry up. I would type all my mails off line and then go on line and then send them all together through Eudora. I could not hang on, online all the time. I would download the content on my local hard disk and then log off and browse off line, so that the family could use the telephone and we could receive incoming calls. In those days when cell phones did not exist, the land line telephone was KING and the whole family depended on it.From 2001 onward there was rapid progress. I will leave it to others to trace the rocket like path of the internet, with technical details, statistics etc. I am not knowledgeable enough to describe competently the rapid strides it made later.All I can say is that the internet was an amazing novelty and absolutely fascinating when it first arrived. Along with the personal computer I consider it an invention on par with the invention of Electricity, IC engine steam engines and the the automobiles and locomotive engines, Air travel, and the atom bomb.GV