Ka1 J: Fill & Download for Free

Intensity is proportional to square of the amplitude=I=kA^2I1/I2=kA1^2/kA2^264/25=A1^2/A2^28^2/5^2=A1^2/A2^2A1/A2=8/5

The pH of an aqueous solution of NaHCO3 is not simple to calculate. Actually, HCO3- ion can both dissociate as a very very weak acid, thus partly forming CO3= ion, and can also undergo hydrolysis, thus partly forming H2CO3, which readily releases CO2 to the atmosphere. The theory (see J. E. Ricci, Hydrogen Ion Concentration, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N. J., 1952) states that, for these solutions where different inter-related homogeneous equilibria take place, the equation that solves for the H3O+ ion concentration is of a degree equal to the number of equilibrium constants involved, augmented by one. So, in our case, this equation is of 4th degree in the unknown H3O+ concentration, inasmuch in the solution we have the two dissociation equilibria of H2CO3 (constants Ka1 and Ka2) and the water auto-ionization equilibrium (constant Kw). Methods for approximately solving this kind of equation are available in the literature, see for instance Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., vol. 104, n° 2, 1995, pag. 77–80. In practice, for NaHCO3, pH is mildly alkaline, between 8.2 and 8.3, rather insensitive to variations in the concentration of the salt.

Another answer is the ‘tput’ command for using readable text to make use of your terminal’ capabilities.From the ‘man tput’ page:tput cup 0 0Send the sequence to move the cursor to row 0, column 0 (the upper left corner of the screen, usually known as the "home" cursorposition).tput clearEcho the clear-screen sequence for the current terminal.tput colsPrint the number of columns for the current terminal.tput -T450 colsPrint the number of columns for the 450 terminal.bold=`tput smso` offbold=`tput rmso`Set the shell variables bold, to begin stand-out mode sequence, and offbold, to end standout mode sequence, for the current termi-nal. This might be followed by a prompt: echo "${bold}Please type in your name: ${offbold}\c"tput hcSet exit code to indicate if the current terminal is a hard copy terminal.tput cup 23 4Send the sequence to move the cursor to row 23, column 4.tput cupSend the terminfo string for cursor-movement, with no parameters substituted.tput longnamePrint the long name from the terminfo database for the type of terminal specified in the environmental variable TERM.tput -S <<!> clear> cup 10 10> bold> !This example shows tput processing several capabilities in one invocation. It clears the screen, moves the cursor to position 10,10 and turns on bold (extra bright) mode. The list is terminated by an exclamation mark (!) on a line by itself.The escape sequences for your terminal type are in the /lib/terminfo hierarchy.$ ls /lib/terminfo/E a c d h l m p r s v w x# The first letter of the TERM variable is used as the subdirectory where that# terminfo file belongs$ ls /lib/terminfo/r/rxvt rxvt-basic rxvt-m rxvt-unicode$ infocmp -I rxvt# Reconstructed via infocmp from file: /lib/terminfo/r/rxvtrxvt|rxvt terminal emulator (X Window System),am, bce, xenl, eo, km, mir, msgr, xon,cols#80, it#8, lines#24, colors#8, pairs#64, ncv@,acsc=``aaffggjjkkllmmnnooppqqrrssttuuvvwwxxyyzz{{||}}~~,bel=^G, cr=^M, csr=\E[%i%p1%d;%p2%dr, tbc=\E[3g,clear=\E[H\E[2J, el1=\E[1K, el=\E[K, ed=\E[J,hpa=\E[%i%p1%dG, cup=\E[%i%p1%d;%p2%dH, cud1=^J,home=\E[H, civis=\E[?25l, cub1=^H, cnorm=\E[?25h,cuf1=\E[C, cuu1=\E[A, dl1=\E[M, enacs=\E(B\E)0, smacs=^N,blink=\E[5m, bold=\E[1m, smcup=\E7\E[?47h, smir=\E[4h,rev=\E[7m, smso=\E[7m, smul=\E[4m, rmacs=^O, sgr0=\E[m\017,rmcup=\E[2J\E[?47l\E8, rmir=\E[4l, rmso=\E[27m,rmul=\E[24m, flash=\E[?5h\E[?5l, is1=\E[?47l\E=\E[?1l,is2=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l,ich1=\E[@, il1=\E[L, ka1=\EOw, ka3=\EOy, kb2=\EOu, kbs=\177,kcbt=\E[Z, kc1=\EOq, kc3=\EOs, kdch1=\E[3~, kcud1=\E[B,kend=\E[8~, kent=\EOM, kel=\E[8\^, kf1=\E[11~, kf10=\E[21~,kf11=\E[23~, kf12=\E[24~, kf13=\E[25~, kf14=\E[26~,kf15=\E[28~, kf16=\E[29~, kf17=\E[31~, kf18=\E[32~,kf19=\E[33~, kf2=\E[12~, kf20=\E[34~, kf21=\E[23$,kf22=\E[24$, kf23=\E[11\^, kf24=\E[12\^, kf25=\E[13\^,kf26=\E[14\^, kf27=\E[15\^, kf28=\E[17\^, kf29=\E[18\^,kf3=\E[13~, kf30=\E[19\^, kf31=\E[20\^, kf32=\E[21\^,kf33=\E[23\^, kf34=\E[24\^, kf35=\E[25\^, kf36=\E[26\^,kf37=\E[28\^, kf38=\E[29\^, kf39=\E[31\^, kf4=\E[14~,kf40=\E[32\^, kf41=\E[33\^, kf42=\E[34\^, kf43=\E[23@,kf44=\E[24@, kf5=\E[15~, kf6=\E[17~, kf7=\E[18~,kf8=\E[19~, kf9=\E[20~, kfnd=\E[1~, khome=\E[7~,kich1=\E[2~, kcub1=\E[D, kmous=\E[M, knp=\E[6~, kpp=\E[5~,kcuf1=\E[C, kDC=\E[3$, kslt=\E[4~, kEND=\E[8$, kHOM=\E[7$,kLFT=\E[d, kNXT=\E[6$, kPRV=\E[5$, kRIT=\E[c, kcuu1=\E[A,rmkx=\E>, smkx=\E=, op=\E[39;49m, dl=\E[%p1%dM,cud=\E[%p1%dB, ich=\E[%p1%d@, il=\E[%p1%dL,cub=\E[%p1%dD, cuf=\E[%p1%dC, cuu=\E[%p1%dA,rs1=\E>\E[1;3;4;5;6l\E[?7h\E[m\E[r\E[2J\E[H,rs2=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l\E=\E[?1000l\E[?25h,rc=\E8, vpa=\E[%i%p1%dd, sc=\E7, ind=^J, ri=\EM, s0ds=\E(B,s1ds=\E(0, setab=\E[4%p1%dm, setaf=\E[3%p1%dm,sgr=\E[0%?%p6%t;1%;%?%p2%t;4%;%?%p1%p3%|%t;7%;%?%p4%t;5%;m%?%p9%t\016%e\017%;,hts=\EH, ht=^I,See ‘man tput’ and ‘man infocmp’ for the next step on these paths.Good luck and have fun exploring !