The Political Economy Of Conscription: Fill & Download for Free

Italy got in a wrong war against wrong enemy at wrong time with wrong army.The wrong war was one where Italy was drawn in the middle of the world politics. The wrong enemy was the British Empire while Italy had been preparing to war against her neighbours, especially France. The wrong time was when Italy was still in the midst of reorganization, restandardization, rearmament and retraining. And the wrong army was one which had horrible gap between the officers and the enlisted men, no professional NCO class, no standardization of equipment and logistics which sucked harder than an industrial grade vacuum cleaner.The Fascist regime had jerked Italy off that slumber where it had blissfully been since the end of the Renaissance and shoved it violently in the Modern era. But this process of Modernization was still sadly incomplete in 1939. Italy had hardly industrialized, much of the economy was still agrarian, there still was widespread illiteracy and the Italian mindset was still very much Arcadian. Even the language had not yet been fully standardized.Having owned two Alfa Romeos I can say Italian cars are marvellous to drive but a nightmare to maintain. This is the problem of all Italian technology in general: they can have incredibly good ergonomy and performance, but their reliability, logistics, maintenance and other properties do leave a lot to be desired. Since Italy was in the midst of industrialization and employment was a major factor, this resulted in great number of different weapons, vehicles and types, which all went to production, and there was little standardization. Employment was more important than logistics.Italy had prepared to fight against France, Austria, Yugoslavia and Greece. Italy never thought to be drawn in a war against the British Empire - it must have been Mussolini’s nightmare.And in the end it was the Italian army itself. The enlisted men consisted of conscripts, who had poor training compared to their German counterparts. There was a horrible social, societal and psychological gap between the officers and the enlisted men, the discipline could be inhumane, and the food and logistics were abysmal. There were no professional NCOs to bridge between the officers and the enlisted men.Nobody has ever questioned the skill nor the courage of the Italian grunt. They fought on what they had. And the Italian Navy fought valiantly till the end. Unfortunately the officers tended to lack in imagination and planning, and relied more on regulations and formulated methods. The British could anticipate well what the Italians would do - and prepare for it.The Italian logistics were always bad. The mishmash of types, gear, equipment, models and stuff meant a logistical nightmare, a plethora of different and incompatible fuels, lubricants, ammunition, spares etc and the other stuff meant a total clusterfsck.In the end courage was not enough. Bullied and denigrated, ineptly led, poorly equipped and poorly fed, the Italian morale collapsed.

Genocide was just the worst aspect of Nazism. There were many other bad features. Nazism was the strongest form of fascism.State-driven economies, whether communist or fascist, don't work. They depend on too many externalities that cannot be controlled by the state, except through violence and coercion.The Nazis had no problem with capitalism, so long as they could take a cut of the producer's profits. The cut kept getting bigger, though, to meet the need for money and the producers' share got smaller. Eventually, the companies were running at no profit, with only a promise of profit if everything the state did went well. Once there were no more populations to enslave, the economy would have crashed anyway.The Nazis didn't like communism because they really didn't respect people as people, only as anonymous masses to be moved around the game table. The socialist wing of the National Socialist Party tried to push general socialist values but were put down violently. This was because attending people's needs took money away from Party goals. German workers were not living in any sort of paradise. While the state may have provided the bread and circuses, the typical worker was considerably worse off than those of the democracies. Only through the use of conscripted and slave labor were the Nazis able to keep their economy going as long as they did.Fascist states were remarkably bad at handling their economies, though each one was bad in its own way. Political ideology was considered more important than the laws of economics and wishful thinking tended to drive the economies of fascist states.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics_of_fascism

Always. It’s a response when demand peaks. People recognizes in crisis situations like the Coronavirus that supply and demand do not track human needs or basic decency. That’s why they object that price increases that make sense with the supply-demand framework make no sense if you think that economy activity ought to serve human beings rather the other way around.Marx writes, memorably as always in the 1844 Manuscripts: “Or am I not acting in keeping with political economy if I sell my friend to the Moroccans? (And the direct sale of men in the form of a trade in conscripts, etc., takes place in all civilised countries.) – Then the political economist replies to me: You do not transgress my laws; but see what Cousin Ethics and Cousin Religion have to say about it. My political economic ethics and religion have nothing to reproach you with, but – But whom am I now to believe, political economy or ethics? – “ Human Requirements and the Division of Labor(This is how Marx spent his honeymoon. Jenny was very patient.)