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I speak from having been a Canadian visa officer for many years. Canadian visa officers used to interview people who were applying for permanent residence in Canada, and tried to counsel the successful ones. Nowadays interviews are not done as much. It is costly and a lot of the applications are processed on line. Maybe it is just as well because, much of the time, it was like talking to a brick wall. The prospective immigrant was there because they wanted to pass the interview and get the permanent resident visa. In many cases they already had a fixed view of what Canada was going to be like and were not about to change it. I interviewed many family class immigrants from the developing world and many of them really didn't care what Canada was like other than that it was “richer” and had better medical care. They were just going to Canada to live with their family.There was also the reality that, the concept of a government official giving out disinterested and helpful advice is not known in much of the world. Many of the prospective immigrants could not accept it. It is a challenge to their world view. If you have been conditioned all your life that, it is completely justifiable in self defence to cheat the government and that government workers are scoundrels, how can you accept that you are going some place where laws are there to be obeyed and that, civil servants are good people?Canada Is One Item On The MenuTo many prospective immigrants, Canada is just one possible choice on a menu of countries that they might be admitted to. It is us, the USA, Australia, New Zealand, Britain, some of the European Union countries, Singapore, the Gulf countries and a few other places. Most of the prospective immigrants will not have visited these countries. Their decision, on which to apply to, is a mixture of whatever they imagine the facts to be, plus lots of hopes and dreams.Canada can be a difficult prospect to get a “take” on. Internationally it is a very low profile country. Canada was never a colonizing power (Except for its internal colonialism.). It is not all that common for a prospective immigrant to see a media product made in Canada (Except, maybe, some film or TV series made up to look like it was happening in the USA.) Very little Canadian news gets covered outside of Canada.Rather, country-seeking prospective immigrants tend to fall into the syndrome of imagining that Canada is part of “America”. We see it in questions in Quora, dreaming up two country Work Permits, easy cross border mobility, etc. This contention is that, Canada is a bearable second choice, because Canada is meant to be the same as the USA, except a little bit safer and colder. This type of thinking about Canada is a distinct bar to considering the facts.Of course immense amounts of information about Canada are available on the Internet. Maybe there is almost too much. Filtering and assessing the information may be unbearable, and it may be disappointing. If you come from a country where the most useful and interesting information is deemed to be that which comes from family, friends, touts, or somebody you have met who travelled somewhere, why would you spend time struggling with information on the Internet, presuming you could afford the hours of online access that would be involved?Learn It The Hard WayMaybe it is inevitable for, not just immigration to Canada, but immigration to anywhere. There is going to be a lot of shock and pain. Easy transitions seldom happen. And some of the pain will go on, all your life. I think that, the reality that, by immigrating, you have left behind family and friends you may never see again, only kicks in when the plane lands at Toronto International Airport. And then, everything around you is not what you expected.It would be interesting to hear from immigrants, how did you feel when your immigration processing at the airport of entry was completed, and they sent you off to pick up your bags? How did it feel on the ride into town, looking out the car window, and seeing a strange land and city scape? If you had to take a connecting flight from Vancouver or Toronto airports, to get to your final destination, how did it feel while you were waiting in the transit lounge, surrounded for the first time by Canadians? How did they look to you?After that, there will be more shocks, from freezing rain, to sweating in a heavy winter coat at a shopping mall, to weird things that happen in the workplace. The immigrant gets confronted with one Canadian thing after another. There are small individual things, like how hard it is to slide your shoe inside a rubber boot. And then, there are bigger, more general ones, such as:No, It Really Is Not Whatever You Thought America WasThe USA has a rather dramatic image to many foreigners. The American entertainment media churn out huge amounts of product that make their way to foreign markets. American politicians are often not at all adverse to a little drama. And then there is a pile up of feelings about American power in the world, that good old Yanqui imperialist aggression, American military boots on the ground, the CIA, the feeling of being second rate and subjugated because the USA, its military, its media and its economy, is so powerful.So, if you finally fulfill your dream and get to immigrate to your first choice, what would you see in your daily life that had anything to do with this? Nothing resembles Hollywood, except maybe Hollywood. Americans tend to hang out at Walmart a lot more than they do at Mar A Lago or Big Sur. The new immigrant will meet a lot of Americans who lives revolve around putting food on the table and paying their hospital bills.And then, if you only make it to Canada, the immigrant gets a North American double whammy. Virtually nothing looks glamorous. Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second stares back at you from the currency. No United States Congress, not even just one Senator causing the whole world to shake. Compare anything in Canada to anything in the USA, to a Canadian, and then brace yourself for passive-aggression and polite insults. Watch Canadian street life and realize that, in most of the country, there isn't any. Ride the subways of Toronto or the Winnipeg Transit Buses, at the morning rush hour, and see stress personified, regardless of race, culture or creed.How Can People Live In This?When we were actually interviewing the prospective immigrants, there were a lot of things we were not allowed to say. Such as, you are moving to Winnipeg, my home town? Then get ready to lead the rest of your life in part-time Antarctica!A lot of Canada's more recent immigrants come from the warmer parts of the world. How can you describe January in Winnipeg to someone who has yet to see a toque or a scarf? How do you explain the centrality of a snow plow to human survival? How can you explain about freezing to death if it is 3:00 A.M. in Edmonton on a Sunday morning, you have had a bit too much to drink and you have fallen down into a snow bank? What about a blizzard on the Coquihalla Highway and Okanagan Connector, and you make your living by driving a truck, which slides off the road and falls a hundred hundred metres down a cliff? How about freezing rain in Moncton or an ice push on the southern shore of Lake Manitoba, flattening your cottage? What about Toronto hysteria in the face of what somebody in Quebec City would call the French-language equivalent of a light dusting?Your immigrant can only learn it after they get here. Try shoving your child into a snowsuit at the start of their first winter.How Can They Let Their Kids Do That?Every country has things that are left unspoken, at least by respectable people. From experience, Canadian morality, particularly about family and sexual things, is something that immigrants can only see once they get here, and be shocked about.What old stock Canadian parent is going to tell any immigrant, this is my sixteen year old daughter, and she gets laid on a regular basis? How about, my son is eighteen, and he very much enjoys getting in bar fights? Or, I just went down to the weed store and the whole family is going to share?Were a shocked immigrant to ask me, I would say, “Look, in Canada, there is a difference between, “Show the neighbours that you and the kids are on your best behaviour, morality.”, and, “Do not judge me, my kids or this girl that I know at the office.”, morality. Some immigrants can never accept it, no longer how long they have been here. You could call it the “Canadian, Goody Two Shoes, and they don't actually believe in it.”, dilemma.How Come They Aren't Happy And I Don't Feel So Great?Think of it. You have finally “got the immigration”, as they used to say in one country where my visa processing life existed.And, you get there. And you even get a decent job. You are not living in Vancouver or Toronto so it is time to qualify for a mortgage. You go looking for one, and then you find out that Canadian fixed rate mortgages could reasonably be described as a crap game, at the end of every five year term.Or, you get your first pay stub. You look at your wonderful gross, but then look at what is left after deductions for income tax, EI and CPP. Not as much as you thought, eh?Then, try to find yourself a job that leads to a defined benefit pension, or any pension at all. Or, any job at all. Then find out that Canadians carry a lot of debt, among the highest per person in the world.Or, you are actually living in Greater Vancouver or Greater Toronto. And you learn pretty fast, you are never going to own a house, ever.Immigrants to Canada tend to be motivated by economic hope. There are always the success stories you want to hear, about wonderful salaries, big businesses built up from scratch and being able to afford luxurious holidays in the USA, even if you didn't get to immigrate there. Not that many immigrants get to know about the devil in the Canadian economic details, until after they get here, and find out that they are going to have lots of their own devils.Que Sera, Sera, Whatever Will Be, Will Be, The Future's Not Ours to SeeTo be fair, I don't think anybody but a desperate refugee could immigrate to Canada unless they had this attitude. If you knew too many facts, you would probably freeze up in fear and revulsion.Just think if Canada required all prospective immigrants to take a comprehensive Canadian economic, climatic, and pretend values and real values (Don't judge my daughter!) knowledge test, and the prospective immigrant wouldn't be able to pass unless they studied hard for it. If the prospective immigrant didn't think the whole thing was an exercise in negative propaganda so as to discourage them from coming here, they might possibly walk away in the general direction of Australia.Maybe, for a prospective immigrant, it is the same as for a lot of life situations, you are better off if you don't know until you get there.Martin Levine

I have dealt with this issue to some extent in other Answers. Perhaps I could summarize a little bit and add on.Employment Never Has Been Good in CanadaNever. I am sixty-six now, so I can say it with some historic confidence.I remember it from TV when I was a small child in the 1950's. The federal government used to have advertisements to encourage “winter works” projects. The construction industry would slow down so much in the severe winters that there would be great amounts of seasonal unemployment. It still does, but the federal government nowadays tend to approach the situation with extended unemployment benefits. Canada is far more urbanized than it was in the 1950's. (Over 80% of Canada's population lives in cities.) Since construction workers now mostly live in cities, there is more that they might be able to do in the winter, particularly home repairs and renovations, which are a big industry here. Also, cities means a lot of taller office buildings, and construction on them does not stop in the winter.I struggle to think of any time in my life when Canada has had a “full employment” situation, particularly for well-paid, highly-skilled, professional (that is, white collar) jobs. In fact, although I pay some attention to this sort of thing, I can't think of any. If anything, outside of the severe economic recessions that happen every so often in Canada, the skilled trades tend to have better employment situations.Canada's economy can be quite misleading. Canada is a prosperous country, but a substantial part of the prosperity comes from selling raw resources to American and overseas markets. This type of economic activity generates a lot of foreign exchange money but relatively little in the way of jobs. An immigrant, seeing the good, relatively well-developed state of Canada's infrastructure, might think that it must be based on manufacturing and a successful international trade in manufactured goods. However, it is not Japan, Germany or Taiwan here. Canada is quite different.Service Industry CanadaAbout 80% of Canada's total economic output comes from the service industries. Those industries dominate the economy. Part of the reason for such high service industry dominance is that so many manufacturing jobs have been lost from Canada. There was a continuous leaking of such jobs from Canada for years, even before the 1995 NAFTA agreement between Canada, the United States and Mexico. Countries in the developing world could manufacture routine items much more cheaply, because of their low wage levels. The NAFTA agreement opened up Canadian manufacturing to low-wage competitors in Mexico. The damage to the automobile industry, in particular, was quite significant.Canada's domestic market for goods is still rather small and geographically quite dispersed. This means that Canadian manufacturing and agriculture have to rely on highly-competitive international markets. Access to them can be very quickly cut off by trade disputes. I do not believe that Canada will ever have a large, unionized, well-waged manufacturing sector, as a large part of its total economy, ever again.Statistics can not infrequently mask harsh realities. The category of “service industries” can include everything from being a highly paid professional consultant, to being a server in a food court. A lot of the service jobs are just that. Canada's transition to a service industry economy means that a large part of all jobs will be menial and poorly paid.Canada, The Branch PlantMany of Canada's largest employers are subsidiaries of foreign companies. We sometimes call this the “branch plant” economy. This is not generally a situation that serves well-paid employment in Canada. The head office senior executives are in another country. If the company is one that does significant amounts of research, they will most likely do it in their home country. Those jobs are not here in Canada.Why Don't Things Look Worse?I can understand how a prospective, or recent, immigrant could look at my comments and say, why don't living conditions in Canada look worse? With so many poorly-paid jobs as a total of the whole economy, where are the slums? Where are the riots?Canada has a fairly complete “social safety net”. There is subsidized housing, although not as much as there should be. There is no charge for doctors or hospital services. Education is free up until the end of high school and subsidized thereafter. There is the compulsory Canada Pension Plan and the Old Age Pension, with a subsidy for low-income retirees. The federal employment insurance system is mandatory, and employers pay part of the premiums. Welfare payments are low, but, if you have even a modest job, it is possible to piece together a more or less adequate life. I believe that this is the basis of much of the social peace in Canada. (Restricted access to handguns also helps.)I have said it before, not infrequently, an immigrant family, with modest expectations, is more content in Canada than highly-educated people with high expectations. Particularly if the modest family comes from a poor and violent country, they may see their life in Canada as quite adequate. If the family is a two parent one, and all the children are old enough to be in school, both parents can work and bring in an income. Primary and secondary education is generally of adequate quality, so the parents will have a certain peace of mind. The family ends up with an adequate, safe life, perhaps in an apartment or a subsidized townhouse. Almost always, this in a city with a good enough infrastructure, good hospitals, adequate roads, tidy, well-kept residential areas (City bylaw officers enforce it.), safe water, reliable electricity, access to various places of worship, ethnic food stores, etc. Also Canada has strong anti-discrimination and political correctness laws. Because the primary and secondary education is good enough, the children of the family have a good chance of qualifying for university or a reputable, government run, technical school, and, maybe a better working life. Why would that modest family not be very happy?Express Entry Is No Guarantee Of Anything At AllI have seen various comments in Quora, and elsewhere, that show that some skilled immigrants to Canada feel a sense of betrayal. Since they were invited to apply, they feel there is a promise of a good life at the other end. This is not at all what Express Entry is.Canada's immigration system does not come close to be a job matching service. The whole Canadian immigration system is run on the basis of annual immigration levels. Canada has had a level of about 275,000 to 300,000 the last few years.What happens in practise is that the annual level is broken out into immigration categories, particularly skilled immigrant, family class and refugees. Then it is the responsibility of the immigration processing system to go out and get them. The bureaucrats of the processing system are not permitted, say a few months into the year, to approach the Cabinet Minister responsible for immigration and say, “Well, there do not seem to be enough skilled worker immigrants out there who have really good skills and experience, to get the jobs in Canada that have high worker demand. May we please be allowed be allowed to cut this year's level?”. The annual level is a commitment made by that Minister to the Canadian federal Parliament, a few months before the start of the year in question. The Minister will not agree to change it. This results in all categories being fixed in size, with only modest exchanges allowed.The Express Entry programme does not assess individual excellence. It is “marking on a curve”. Out of any group of applications that are submitted in a given number of months, the highest scoring ones are invited to apply. And, that is all. It is no guarantee of any job. The philosophy is, “If you wish to apply and you score more than others, maybe you will get a permanent resident visa. And then, you are on your own. It is for the individual applicant to determine whether there is any likelihood of a good job, and where, in Canada's very large geographical space, it might be.”And, this is not discrimination against immigrants. Canadian-born people are not guaranteed a job either.Look Around, And See The Immigrants Who Are Doing WellA walk around the downtown of any major Canadian city, and even some of its suburbs, will show you immigrants who are doing just fine. But, they are not necessarily the people who you expect, or people who are very highly-regarded in your home country. What you will see is a lot of are self-employed, immigrant, small and not so small business people. May I offer you an example:https://sk.restaurant/Ottawa people eat a lot of shawarma. This has worked very well for the Shawarma King. They have built their way up. So many immigrant-run businesses do the same. Walk around downtown Ottawa and the inner suburbs and you will see it, ethnic restaurants and restaurants that serve routine Canadian, hamburger and fries type of food, nail parlours, beauty parlours, clothing stores, dry cleaners, corner convenience stores, supermarkets, small retailers of various sorts, pharmacists who, are not employees, but have a franchise. There are very many of these.Then there are the medical clinics. While Canada has a socialized medical insurance system, doctors are self-employed and sometimes work together in clinics. It is the same for dental clinics. Many of the professionals there are immigrants.So, so often, nowadays in Canada, the way to decent money, for Canadian-born people too, is self-employment, even in service industries that seem modest. In fact, with the limited number of non-government, employee jobs, it is sometimes the only way.Canada Is What It IsCanada is not a mini USA. It is not the United Kingdom without as much entrenched bigotry. Canada has a particular kind of economy. Of all the nations, maybe Australia is the most similar. I have not been there so I cannot say with much confidence.There is certainly unfair treatment of skilled immigrants here. I have commented before on the “Canadian experience” requirement. Some times it is justified but sometimes not. However, I don't think Canadian human rights legislation can ever be extended to cover this problem. Each case is different. Sometimes it is simply a matter of opinion whether Canadian experience is important.Canada can actually be a rough place for anyone to find a good, skilled, well-paid, employee-type, job. The manufacturing and research base is too limited, and the internal market too small. Canadian-born people have the same problem.I cannot emphasize enough. Canada can be a wasteland for certain types of skilled jobs. Any prospective immigrant should be very careful to determine what is available, as an employee, in their field. Self-employment is sometimes the only real alternative to obtaining a good income. If you feel set on being a well-waged, skilled employee, please be careful!Martin Levine

With the abundance of resources, and high living standards, Canada is the most desired destination for a person to live in, and for you, there are multiple ways to apply for PR.First things first, you have to choose the type of entry that you are going to use for applying your PR application. Yes, there are multiple ways that you can use to get into Canada and start working there which helps you build a reputation of a responsible citizen which can help you a lot while applying for a PR application. You see it is not the same when you are outside the country and directly apply for the PR as the country has to check the entire background as well as there is a lot of paperwork involved in it. Firstly you need to understand about various ways that you can use to get into Canada so that you can clear your head about which one you are going to choose.Watch this video to know how to get Canada PR:There are multiple Canada entry programs that all come in handy for a person while moving to Canada. These are -1. Express Entry - This is a program that is run by the federal government and can be easily used by anyone for moving to Canada. Usually, all the skilled labor and job-seeking individuals who have the required appropriate skills can enter this program to be able to move to Canada. Usually, there are 3 major economic immigration programs that the government hires people for -a). FSTP - Federal skilled trades program is the express entry program that helps people with foreign experience background to apply for entering into the country. The skill trades program promotes the entry of those who have previously worked in any other country and have mastered a particular skill that can be useful.b). FSWP - Federal Skilled Workers Program is the most basically applied program by the people as it covers all the people from working backgrounds, skilled laborers, and professional workers in managerial fields such as marketing, medicine, etc.c). Work Class - This entry program is opened for those who have professional experience of working in Canada or any other country for that matter. If you have a proven record of efficiency then you can easily apply for the same.Keep in mind that in all of these scenarios, you need to have a decent CRS score to be eligible for the program in the first place. A CRS is a comprehensive ranking system and it is calculated on the basis of the score that you obtain after filling in your details as well as giving an exam.2. Sponsored By Family - As the name suggests, if you have a family member or a relative living in Canada then they can endorse you and call you there through this entry. There are multiple clauses in it that exactly tell you how and who can apply in this category so if you have anyone living there you can ask them for help. A spouse, a biological parent, or a child can actually help you to get PR in Canada as they have some lenient laws for the same.3. Provincial Nominee - Well this is an interesting way of immigration to Canada. Every year the provinces that have a shortage of skilled laborers opens up an opportunity for immigration for the required labor and work force. This program is run by individual provinces and has nothing to do with the federal government however, there is one thing that you have to keep in mind that you have to spend a minimum of two years in a province if you get nominated for the particular category.4. Start Up Visa - if you have an idea that can bring benefits to the Canadian government by generating great revenue and job opportunities for the local residents then you can move to Canada under this category. You need to have solid paperwork and presentation ready to convince the committee or organization that you are going to work with as if your idea is rejected the doors are closed whereas if you can actually convince them, then congratulations, you have an entry into the country5. Education/ International Student Visa - This is the highly used visa to get into the country and later when a student has completed the studies, they can start working there which extends their visa and converts the student visa into a work visa. Once a student has worked there for 2-4 years, he is eligible to apply for PR as they have lived there for 4-5 years ( including their education ).These are the 5 ways you can actually get into Canada and start building up a background to apply for PR. There are different steps that you need to carry out for different approaches however since the most commonly used program is the Express entry, in this answer we will discuss steps that you have to carry out while applying for PR of Canada. You see it is totally in your hands, how badly do you want to go to Canada, you need to work hard accordingly. Here is the step by step procedure of getting PR in Canada -Step1. Make Sure You are Eligible- Before starting with any other thing to move, you have to ensure that the entire process depends on whether you are eligible or not. The Canadian application system works on a points basis and you have to score the minimum cut-off to be eligible in the first place. If we talk about the express entry program specifically you are required to fill a form with all your basic details and answer a few questions based on your life so that they can be assessed by an immigration officer.Step 2. IELTS is a Must- Your language skills efficiency is one of the biggest factors that makes you eligible. IELTS is an exam that you have to give which tests your overall writing, speaking, and listening proficiency of English which is a must for moving to Canada as the government can not let you enter if you don’t know the language. Once you have scored satisfactory marks in the exam, you need to submit your documents of your academic background as well as the final score of your language test. This makes you eligible for the express entry program as the first and foremost requirement of becoming a citizen of a country is too proficient in the native language.Step 3. Prepare Your Application- Once you are done with your IELTS exam, you have to start preparing your application. The application requires you to fill out everything as well as attach a lot of mandatory documents that you should have with you while applying for the PR. You should ask someone experienced for helping you out with the process as you can not afford to be wrong while filling this form as your future life depends on it. One more thing that you should take care of is that all the documents that are required are not easily available as some of them take time. So make sure that you have all of them assembled in one place before you start applying as an incomplete application can ruin your chances completely.Step 4. Wait for the ITA- Your application that you fill is judged on a points-based system and if you have an eligible score you are invited to apply for the PR. ITA or invitation to apply can only be obtained if you have all the mandatory experiences such as proper graduation with decent scores, IELTS certificate with required scores, and other things such as proof of funds, etc. Each and every field of the application has some points attached to it and it overall makes up the final score that you obtain. Usually, a score between 450-480 is considered to be satisfactory and is eligible for ITA, however, if you score less than mentioned you might have to wait longer for the invite or you might need to switch lanes and try other ways.Step 5. Fill Your Permanent Residency Application- Until now what you did was just to show that you are eligible for the express entry program, now you have to start preparing your application for the permanent residency PR of the country. Fill your PR application with appropriate and required details. Make sure you do not skip or miss any mandatory field as it can ruin your chances. Also, avoid introducing false information in the application as there is no point in doing so. The background checks that the federal government of Canada runs on you are on the basis of this application and if they find any sort of discrepancy in it, chances are that you might lose your citizenship forever. So avoid it.Step 6. Upload Documentation- Now if you have done the process offline through an agent, you are not necessarily required to do this step as your agent might do it for you, however, if you have used an online application form, you need to upload all the documents in PDF format. The most important documents that you need to attach are -- Passport (especially the pages with other country’s stamp on it if you have been anywhere)- Proof of funds. This means that you have to attach your account statement with enough money in it so that it can be used as an assurance that you can easily take care of yourself in the country and have enough funds to survive according to the country's standards.- Fitness Certificate. This is usually to make sure that the person moving to the other country is 100% healthy and has no serious issues with health whatsoever.- A recommendation letter from the previous employer. This helps in establishing your credibility as well as the work experience that you have had before you have decided to move.- Police Certificate from the residing country. People with criminal records are not the ideal candidates for moving to other countries for obvious reasons. You have to submit a police clearance certificate that says that you are not a part of any misdemeanor or criminal investigation, neither you have any cases filed against you.- Your NOC code that you have chosen to work in. NOC is a national occupation classification code that helps the government to classify the type of application that you have submitted and for which field that you have applied.This is the list of mandatory documents that you must have, other than these your academic background and graduation, post-graduation certificates are also part of your final application.Step 7. Wait for the Process- Once you have submitted your documents and application, it can take approximately 6 months for IRCC to process your application so you have to be patient and believe in the process. Analyzing every aspect of your application is really important for them and it takes time to completely understand a person’s abilities from just an application and a few documents. It can also take longer than 6 months in few cases and can even get completed in 3 months depending on various factors so hold on tight and hope for the best.Step 8. Final Step- Once the IRCC is done processing your application and is satisfied with all the documents that you have provided, you will receive instructions to submit your passport to a Canadian consulate and that is the final step. Now all you have to do is relax as after a small verification you will be eligible to receive the PR as your application has done the trick. Once your Passport and PR are approved, you will be eligible and will receive a certificate of permanent residency as well as a visa for travel.Now all you have to do is travel to Canada before the allotted visa expires and you are good to go. You will be a permanent resident of Canada as soon as you set your feet in the country. There are multiple organizations that can help you in accomplishing the task. All of these steps are required and mandatory to be completed so make sure that you take someone’s help who has experience in all of this.Feel free to add on anything if I have left out in the answer. Hope the answer helps you out and all the best for your application! Good Luck.