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from what the constitution guarantees:-* "special position" - supposedly, some position and quotas are reserved. does not affect daily life though* the agong is the defender of said special rights* it's forbidden to question about the special rights, even in house of commonsfrom what the federal government is doing:-* invest in ASB and ASB2 funds, which usually give returns around 7.5%* MARA - helping bumiputera (mostly malays) to uplift themselves by providing programs scholarship and education* if you setup your own company, usually you get preferential / desired status when trying to win tenders w/ GLC or government entities* quotas in public universities.* 7% discount when buying new properties, regardless of price* when selling new properties, the developer must set aside certain amount of the property (depending on county) that must sell to bumi. however, after a certain amount of time, these properties will be release and anybody can buy.* official language of the government is malay.* certain business (like approved permit for car importation) can only be purchased by malaysfrom what state government (including opposition) government is doing:-* certain percentage of land in state is reserved for malaysia, mean which can be rented or sold to malays only* all land deals must be approved by state government. usually delegate this responsibility to the local land office, but ultimate decision lies in the chief minister. state usually maintains a quota between bumi and non-bumi ownership. some area is more relax, some is more tight. bangi and shah alam for example, is targeted to be a bumi-majority urban area. subang jaya and petaling jaya, non-bumi urban area. this policy does not change even w/ the change of government.* religious matters are under state w/ the sultan / agong as the "defender of faith". since according to the constitution, a bumi must be a muslim, so religious authorities got funding for evangelising, building baitumal (where muslim used to pay tithe), enforcement, family matters and islamic law (except criminal). no such funding for other faiths* most states, explicitly said that the chief minister must be a malay. it does not say that in the federal constitution.caveatsyou have to look at the large picture:-historically and politically, the special rights was created to balance the situation back in the 1950s. the chinese and indian minority which was brought in by the british are stateless before independence and was offered by the british to relocate to their origins. UMNO under leadership of onn jaafar and tuanku abd rahman decided to give the minorities citizenship. to balance this "gift" and to hold down hardliners in their own party, they created this "special rights" to appease them.despite the so-called benefits and privileges, the economy is mostly controlled by state companies and non-bumi (mostly chinese) companies. more than 80% of private building in malaysia is owned by chinese companies. malays businesses own around 20% of value in stock exchange. average account balance in bumi-only funds (asb/asb2) is around RM600household income shows that malays still lagged behind compares to other ethnic groups. however, it is far less than in the 1960sdespite preferential treatment for malay businesses in dealings w/ glc and government, non-bumi circumvent the rule by establishing ali-baba companies. companies w/ malays figurehead but effectively run by other ethnic groupsprivate business involvement in the economy is far lacking in malays than chinese, but my personal unscientific observation shows that the newer generation are far more willing to get involve in private business than the 80s kid.despite criticism about affirmative action, discrimination exists in both public and private sector. my non-scientific observation shows a lot of companies workforce are not very diverse. despite all the criticism, everybody, including opposition lawmakers would just like to maintain the status quo.

Very influential, obviously.India under Indira Gandhi was, to put it mildly, almost a client state of the Soviet Union, with its foreign policy heavily influenced by the KGB. In the 1970s, especially after the 1971 Bangladeshi liberation war, India was one of the countries most successfully penetrated by the Soviet intelligence owing to the massive and deep-rooted corruption in the Indian regime of the time.The book Mitrokhin Archive Volume II, based on Soviet documents and written by an ex-KGB man and a Cambridge professor, reveals that money from Moscow found its way into the Congress’ coffers via the KGB. Of course, there was also the propaganda and other soft-power machinations guided by ideology. In 1972 alone, the KGB claimed to have planted over 3,500 articles in Indian newspapers and spent 10.6 million roubles (in 1972 money)[1]. Several student exchange programs and scholarships were given out by the Indian and Soviet governments to encourage Indian students to study in the Soviet Union.The Soviet intelligence ‘collected’ Indian intellectuals, film-makers, civil servants and public figures with Leftist/Communist/Marxist leanings to mould public opinion and domestic and foreign policies into a manner that was conducive with Soviet agenda. They also ‘planted’ Soviet-educated Indians in certain organisations. And who better to tell you all this than an ex-KGB spy?But, this just didn’t start out of the blue in the 1970s.During the Indian Independence Movement, Moscow-backed Communists supported the war efforts of Great Britain against the Axis powers. The Indian National Congress lost some ground to the Communists during the 1930s and 1940s, partly due to the fact that quite a few Congress leaders were in prison. Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah, who led small Communist groups in Sindh (and Punjab?) and would later hold political office in Pakistan, confessed to receiving funds from Russia in the ‘Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy’. The Indian Bengali radical MN Roy, who was involved as well, founded the Communist Party of India and the Mexican Communist Party (founded as the Socialist Worker’s Party). Roy, who’d fled to Mexico by then and was chums with Nikolai Bukharin, was also a delegate at the Communist International and was Stalin’s envoy to China.Read more here: Soviet Influence in British India: Intelligence and Paranoia within Imperial Government in the Interwar Years.Post-independence, the Communists were in active and violent opposition to the new government and State. In the 1950s, as Pakistan grew closer to the US, India moved closer to the USSR; the Soviets saw India as a power likely to balance or limit the influence of the West in Asia. In the ‘60s, China and USSR weren’t on very good terms and neither were India and China, which brought India and the Soviets closer. Although a vocal proponent of the NAM, India leaned heavily on Soviet Russia for help, the kind of help which the Soviets didn’t really give. Moscow was probably India’s only powerful ally, what with the hostile China and Pakistan, and the increasingly cold US.By 1970, Soviet Russia was supplying military aid to Pakistan while simultaneously doling out military & economic aid to India (so much for Indian self-sufficiency under Nehru and his progeny) and they had also help set up some industries (and higher-education institutes, IINW) in India. But, the Soviets began showing disputed Sino-Indian border territories as being Chinese on their maps, set up a cultural center in Trivandrum without informing Indian officials, and decried India’s inability and unwillingness to support Russian causes in the Middle East and Indo-China and to finish Soviet-funded projects in India. Of course, in 1971 — when there was no alternative to war — the Soviet interests aligned with India’s and we did receive great help; Soviet propaganda during the 1971 war also warned ‘outside powers’ (read as China and the US) to stay away from the conflict. Of course, peace changed things.There have been other irritants. Although there has been a dutiful increase in Indian appearances at Soviet-sponsored commemorative occasions and Communist-front meetings, New Delhi has not failed to notice, with increasing alarm, that Soviet consular officers are now more in evidence outside the capital city and, that, building on their established base within the leftist press, Soviet representatives are placing news stories in publications not previously open to their material. (…) The Soviets inaugurated a new House of Soviet Culture in Madras in February; in April the Trivandrum cultural center opened … with an all-India staff; and construction is continuing on a new cultural centre in Calcutta. There has been a country-wide increase in Indo-Soviet cultural societies and more Soviet-sponsored cultural events.(…)The Communists have adopted a critical attitude toward the Congress Party government … to appear as vigorous champions of the poor and the disadvantaged with an identity separate and distinct … Communists’ new position was reportedly approved by Moscow…[2]This was an excerpt from a 1972 CIA memo released in 2008.Also read these if you’ve got the time:The Military and Security Dimensions of Soviet-India RelationsIndia and the Soviet Union (this one’s behind a pay-wall though)Soviet cultural diplomacy in India, 1955-1963MISSION FROM MOSCOW: SOVIET ADVISERS AND THE SECOND INDIAN FIVEYEAR PLANThere was also the economist Mahalanobis, who fervently sought Soviet cooperation in the economic sphere, while the Soviets — who were surprisingly no fans of his economic policies — sought his support in the Indian intellectual circles. See: Prof. Mahalanobis and Soviet influence.Post-script: Read Shrinivas’ answer to Did the KGB or CIA ever infiltrate the Indian government?. My answer is quite tame and toothless compared to what he usually writes.Footnotes[1] Soviet spy den in Indira's India[2] https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP85T00875R001100130127-2.pdf

So glad you've asked, I've a list:Get President Lincoln to sign the Emancipation Proclamation - DONEFight a Civil War which caused the deaths of 750,000 fellow Americans[1] - DONESpend an estimated $5.2 billion dollars in war costs to free the slaves[2] - DONEStart in 1870 with the election of Senator Hiram Revels of Mississippi and Representative Joseph Rainey of South Carolina as the first African Americans to serve in Congress, have a total of 162 African Americans serve as U.S. Representatives, Delegates, or Senators[3]- DONEPass laws ending segregation in the United States - DONEIntegrate the US school system starting in Little Rock Arkansas - DONEElect an African American to become the President of the United States of America - DONEHumm, looks like we've already completed what needs to be done.Oh wait, what does the African American community need to do to end racism?Let's have a look at the list:Reduce the amount of African Americans homicide offenders from 52.4% of all homicide offenders[4]Instill the nuclear family with a married man and woman raising their children together as the best way to reduce crime, increase high school graduation, and reduce drug use.Eliminate all needs for joining gangs as the only legitimate way to earn respect.Create positive role models who aren't rappers, gangsters or drug dealers.End “acceptable racism” by blacks - e.g., using the n-word with each other, calling Caucasians “white people,” cracker, white boys, etc.End use of double standard acceptable racism terms such as Black Pride, Black Power, my or our people, African American history, brother or sister, etc.Eliminate racist black-only universities and colleges, black-only fraternities and sororities, and black-only clubs, unions, etc.End racist policies such as affirmative actionEliminate any references to race on all formsEliminate any special consideration for one race over another in hiring practices, consideration for schools, scholarships, and sports programsTeach all black children to take responsibility for their own lives and decisionsTeach adults to accept 100% responsibility for their lives and actionsteach black men not to impregnate women and then abandoning them without consequencesTeach black women that they need to stand up for themselves and not allow men to objectify themTeach everyone that no one owes them anything and that you succeed or fail in life completely on your best efforts and hard work.Most importantlyTeach everyone to drop the slave victim mentality and accept 100% responsibility for everything in their lives and quit blaming others for problems they refuse to acceptFootnotes[1] Who, What, Why: How many soldiers died in the US Civil War?[2] The History of U.S. Public Debt[3] Black Americans in Congress | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives[4] Race and crime in the United States - Wikipedia