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[Mina is the one on the left and Jimin is the one on the right][Trigger Warning: Self H*rm, Su*cide, Bullying][Notice: This post is very long, and will be updated when there is something new going on]-On July 3rd, Kwon Min Ah posted on her Instagram black posts, with long captions detailing years of bullying she faced from AOA’s Leader, Shin Ji Min.This includes, Jimin preventing Mina from visiting her father while he was dying, telling her things such as to get lost, Shaming her body figure, Scaring and Threatening her, Physically Abusing and tormenting her, how FNC Entertainment did not do anything about it despite Mina’s claims to Jimin bullying her and how she had been bullied by her since she was Trainee [Mina began training for FNC in 2009].Mina also stated that after Jimin’s father had recently passed away (In April), She visited the funeral hall to show some support toward Jimin, Jimin then cried and apologized to her.During the time that Mina was posting these posts, Jimin posted on her Instagram story with the word “fiction”, which was quickly deleted.Mina, as expected, was outraged by what Jimin had posted on her Instagram story and had furthermore posted other posts explaining that as a result of a decade-long of bullying she faced from Jimin, she had to take sleeping pills to fall asleep, had to put on a fake smile, and had attempted su*cide and committed self h*rm. She had also stated that she was completely broken by Jimin’s actions and that members of her family were also suffering.According to Mina, there are witnesses and evidence of what Jimin had done.The Self h*rm that Mina had committed to herself was not minor at all, in which she had cut quite deep in and many have commented stating that the scars that Mina had cut on her wrist would require stitches.It is clear in her posts that she was frustrated with Jimin when Jimin was going through a tough time in her matters, Jimin received prescribed medication and help, which in comparison to Mina, who had not received any assistance. And also frustration on how Jimin is living her life while she is suffering because of her.Then Mina further stated that During their contract renewal, the reason she did not renew was because of Jimin and as a result had left both AOA and FNC. Mina is currently signed to Woori Actors.Throughout these posts, I believe that Mina was in a state of outrage in which it is clear that she had really poured out her anger and frustration.Woori Actors had released a statement stating that they were contacting her and that she was regaining emotional stability.Link for further references and the translations or her posts: Update: Former AOA Member Mina Posts Allegations Detailing Years Of Harassment From JiminWhat Mina was trying to do was to get Jimin to sincerely apologize to her and reflect on what she had done.This became controversial as Jimin was the leader of AOA and how serious the allegations were.Many people (both I-Netz and K-Netz) showed Support for Mina, and outrage and disgust against Jimin. Some were even asking for Jimin to get thrown out of FNC and AOA, Getting blacklisted from the industry, and getting her social media taken down.-Mina said in a post, which she said would final post regarding the matter: she apologized for the concern and explained how a lot of people came to her place to comfort and talk with her that night.During the Dusk Hours (In which I believe that at that 12 AM - 2 AM time), All of the AOA Members and Managers had come to her house and they had a talk.In the post, she had stated that Jimin was angry at first and that she was in disbelief, She and Jimin had argued, in which Jimin asked where the knives were and if killing herself would be enough. Both of them later settled down from the arguing and talked, Jimin stated that she does not remember what has happened and Mina explained to her all the times where she was hurt by her.Mina then further explained that she wasn't in her right mind either and that Jimin did not recall much of the allegations and how she didn't remember all either but they were talking face to face.In Jimin’s point of view, everything was settled at her father’s funeral in which she had Apologized to Mina. Mina said she was only there to show support to Jimin and that on the day of the funeral they did not have an actual talk about what happened between them.Their Talk continued and Jimin said she was sorry, and she had apologized to her and Mina had accepted her apology, after the apology, Jimin left her house with the remaining AOA Members.Mina said she does not feel any intention from Jimin to sincerely apologize, but she also said that it could be just because she was so mad at her.The post ended with Mina stating that she was going to Move on from the decade of bullying and abuse, regain her composure, receive treatment, and improve her mental health.This is what Mina said would be the full stop.Throughout the post, Mina did not mention what the other members and managers did or say during their talk at her house.-The Posts had caused public outrage against Jimin, in which many stating that she was gaslighting and that she had not even sincerely apologized for what she had done.Some people had stated that all the harassment that Jimin is currently facing and all the hate comments are “what she deserves” and is Karma.Some other people said that they had a bad feeling of Jimin all along and had “never liked her”, “always hated her” and “she was a b*tch all along”.Some other people have stated that they were just going to stay out of the entire thing.Many have stated that they never want to see Jimin ever again, Jimin’s apology is the worst apology that they have heard and how she doesn't deserve to exist.Numerous people began criticizing Seolhyun [Note: Seolhyun is Jimin’s Best friend and they have matching tattoos together], for being friends with Jimin and how she was a “bystander” of the bullying.People are speculating if Mina is the only person that Jimin had bullied or if Seolhyun was also involved in bullying her.During this time, videos were resurfacing of which netizens claim to be Jimin bullying Mina, Some of the videos which were stated as proof happen to have been edited videos created by netizens.-Jimin on her Instagram issued an official apology towards Mina and the public and how remorseful she is towards her actions. She also stated that she felt like she could only show the good sides of the group [AOA] to the public. From the apology, I can tell that Jimin yesterday was distraught in how she revealed that she had “begged and cried again”.Jimin’s apology according to my observations is not well received and many stating that she had claimed mina’s allegations as “fiction” less than a day ago. Some have stated that it is not sincere enough and that she is trash and should go die. And with some others saying that she had only apologized because of the backlash she had faced.As Mina mentioned on how Jimin apologized during the funeral, I think during this point Jimin was already regretful about what she had done.-Shortly after Jimin posted her apology, Mina said that Jimin did not beg and said that Jimin had brought a man to their dorm and had s** with him and as a result, Mina slept in the practice room. Mina also said that Jimin bullied her because she wanted her to be on the “right path”. Mina also stated that Jimin is not apologetic for what she had done and still hates her. The response hints that the AOA members are on Jimin’s side on this bullying scandal.This post is extremely concerning as she says “I’ll say what I have to say before I leave”-Following the bullying allegations, The Interview from AOA Member Chanmi’s mother had resurfaced. In this interview, Chanmi’s mother stated how her daughter was suffering from severe depression and the treatment of FNC towards the group members. According to her mother, Chanmi had not been paid for 5 years and she was banned from using a personal phone.-On July 3rd, shortly after Mina’s posts, Former AOA Black (AOA Black was an AOA Sub-unit which comprised Jimin, Yuna, Choa, Mina, and Yookyung) member Yookyung posted an ambiguous message on Instagram which came with the caption “The first thing I do when I wake up in the morning is give up on today” + “To be honest, everything looked the same to me back then” then she wrote in English - “I can’t forget the eyes of the bystanders”. The post’s captions were followed by the lyrics of the song “Leave It All Behind” by Sleeping with Sirens. The post garnered much speculation from the public and numerous netizens connected it with what happened between Mina and Jimin. On July 6th, Yookyung posted an official apology to the public for the confusion over her previous post. This apology fueled speculation as she mentions that she was struggling but could not imagine that someone was in the same position as her. Many began to speculate that she was another victim of the bullying by Jimin, but as of now, there is no direct confirmation. Yookyung was only a member of the sub-unit, AOA Black, and was never an official part of AOA, Yookyung Left FNC in October 2016.-As announced by FNC, Jimin has made the decision to leave AOA and to halt her activities in the industry but her contract with FNC is not terminated as of now. FNC also states in their statement that they take full responsibility for what has happened, during the entire statement that had not mentioned Mina. Reactions towards her leaving were generally positive, many stating that it’s for the better, Many saying it is what Mina wanted and what they wanted, Many others celebrating and some others even stating that AOA at this point should just disband._After about a month of the original posts, On August 6, 2020, Mina began posting about this scandal once again.She posted a post with a picture of her cut wrist with stitches and with a long caption.Throughout this post, Mina had revealed that she had exchanged KakaoTalk Messages with a Current FNC Employee in July. She asked what does the statement mean by Jimin apologized and she said that Jimin shouldn't lie. The employee responded by saying that they’d check again and said it had looked like what it is to them. She proceeded by saying that she gives up on getting an apology from Jimin. Mina found the FNC’s Employees' replies outrageous and had begun to cut herself again.Her Current Manager rushed her to a hospital in which her wrist was cut so much that the nerves were extensively damaged and the anesthetic would not work. As a result, Mina had to get painkillers injected.Mina said that her Ex-Manager stayed by her side the whole time, She is worried that Jimin may be able to get back into the group and industry when things have calmed down. She says that Jimin will never understand what she has gone through and took down the “fiction” Instagram story only because her manager told her to do so.FNC did get Mina a psychiatrist after all of that, but Mina is concerned that the psychiatrist might have told someone else about her story as the psychiatrist told her other people’s stories (It is Illegal to do that).Mina also states that she and her family had never complained about anything in the Agency whether it was her Training debt or Payment. She hopes to get better and live a better life. In Mina’s view, FNC and Jimin are not sincere at all, and that she now can’t sleep. She continued by stating that FNC does not care about her as she says how they have never contacted her and that during contract renewal when Mina told them she could not renew her contract because of a certain person [Jimin], they didn't bother to ask her about how she was suffering and instead talked about the damages of a breached contract. Mina ends the FNC section of the post by saying that it’s too late for a sincere apology and they should think about and care for everyone else currently under the label so this does not happen again.In the last section of the post, She says that the people supporting her and her current label caring about her helps her a lot. She then clarified that she is an attention-seeker but not attention-seeking through this scandal. She personally feels resentful for everyone who came to save her, she then ends the entire post by saying that she can’t sleep because of all the concerns and questions that she has and hopes that all of this won’t happen to someone else again.-Woori Actors then reassured everyone by stating that she is currently in Good Health and is resting after her recent discharge.-She then released a second post later in which she talks about the rest of the Current AOA members and some clarification about the previous post. During this post, she does not give out names but she does call them by their surname, but through the hints given I have managed to crack down who is who.She said that after unfollowing the members on Instagram, there were a lot of questions about the things that have happened.She says that Seolhyun did not bat an eye even when Jimin spoke ill of Seolhyun. She used to think of Seolhyun as a good friend but did not get closer to her as she is the best friend of Jimin. Mina says she got worried about Seolhyun and gave her advice. All the members know about the bullying going on and that Mina was having a hard time because of Jimin, they spoke together but Seolhyun just said that she didn't care what happens and just doesn't like the current situation. Mina concludes that in her point of view, Seolhyun is a bystander and that she was disappointed in what Seolhyun had said.When everyone came to Mina’s place where Jimin gave her an apology (Mina says that the apology didn't even seem like an apology), Chanmi asked Mina what was a good memory she had, Mina says she couldn't understand why she said that. Mina said that Chanmi would talk bad about Jimin in front of her, but behind Mina’s back, she would appease Jimin.Yuna was the one who sincerely cared and thought about Mina.Hyejeong asked Jimin why she couldn't remember (all the things she had done) and that She and everyone knew about it. Hyejeong told Mina to receive a proper apology from Jimin.Mina ended the post by concluding that Chanmi and Seolhyun in her view are the bystanders and it explains why she unfollowed them first, She said that she wanted to erase her memories of AOA and as a consequence unfollowed all of them.-Some assume that Mina is attention-seeking as they believed that everything was cleared up in July and that she shouldn't drag this on for another decade.Countless others sided with Mina and understood that she was still in a fragile mental state and showed support towards her.Some netizens had shown disgust at FNC, for not caring about her.Some other people think that she needs to step off social media and get proper treatment and help.-Later that day, she deleted the two posts that she had posted and released a post regarding the matter of Jimin’s Apology.In this post, Mina claims that she had only spoken the truth and wasn't trying to turn everyone into a perpetrator just because she was a victim. She states that she has made mistakes too and has a personality problem, Then she continued by saying that she really wants to receive a sincere apology. She revealed that she had attempted to have a conversation with “the people at that place” (I believe that it is FNC or Jimin), but could not get in contact with them. She personally is scared of how she may become more wrecked and scared of what she can do, she ended the post by apologizing.-Many have shown encouragement to Mina, telling her to move on as well as some demanding FNC and Jimin to issue a sincere apology.I checked Mina’s Instagram account and it seems to me that she had deleted some of the previous allegation posts and posts of her scars.-At this point, I think it is still a very delicate situation and really only a small portion of the entire scandal has come to light. As of now, nobody else involved in the scandal has openly expressed their thoughts regarding the Mina-Jimin bullying controversy.-There was another update on August 8, 2020, with Mina posting an extremely concerning post targeting Jimin, Seolhyun, and the Founder of FNC.In this post, she posted a picture of her cut wrist and told them to compensate her family lavishly for psychological damage, saying that the 3 of them don’t care about anything but money and that she was not paid properly.She then continued by stating that under her contract she was an illegal trainee for 8 years and never got a breakdown over a 3 billion KRW (2.5 million USD) debt. She called them out for being “unspeakable trash” as they cornered a healthy person to death.She ends the post by concluding that she wants to go to a happy place and if she dies, she will haunt them and that told them not to come to her funeral as she says that she can’t live while supporting evil.The post was later taken down.-Shortly after the post, Woori Actors stated that police and emergency services have been contacted, ambulance services have arrived, and their staff, as they speak, are on their way to her house. Later, they updated by stating that Mina is currently in hospital receiving treatment and that her life is currently not in danger.-Netizens have commented that the post was disturbing and that she should be taken to a facility where she is monitored 24/7 to prevent any future damage.-Woori Actors gave an update the following day that Mina would be discharged soon and after a recommendation from medical professionals, she would move in with her mother and receive further treatment.-Shortly after Woori Actors update on Mina’s condition, FNC Entertainment released an Official Statement regarding this matter.In the statement, FNC states that they are sincerely apologetic about the concern with many unfortunate matters relating to AOA and they extended their apologies to Kwon Mina who is currently going through a difficult time.They apologize for the delay in their statement and apologize for failing to have carefully taken care of the relationship between the AOA Members. They revealed that they have contemplated and hesitated several times regarding delivering their stance regarding this matter.FNC Entertainment gave an update on the other AOA Members stating that they have been spending the days with frustration over criticism from the public and misunderstandings about them.FNC Entertainment further then concluded that explaining and refuting things regarding this scandal would only fuel the fire and do more harm than good. They have discouraged the members from making individual statements although the members had wished to as there would be fights over it.In the statement, they did mention Mina’s text exchange with FNC employees in which Mina asked about Jimin’s status and plans for activities. FNC claims that they did not respond as Jimin had already personally told the company that she does not intends to have any plans and wishes to live a non-celebrity life.Mina called FNC out yesterday regarding payment issues, FNC responded to that in their statement that they have been abiding by industry-standard and if there are any problems they will take legal responsibility.They closed the statement wishing for Mina’s recovery and that they will work hard to a solution and asked the public to show support and cheer for Mina.-Some Commenters continued to criticize the agency by telling them it’s too late for an apology, the statement is bulls***, and that they have lost public respect should just go to hell.-During the morning of August 10th, Woori Actors Updated that Mina has been discharged and is currently resting at her mother’s home. They continued that Mina would not be involved in any activities until she has fully recovered.-Mina returned to Instagram on the 11th of August, In which she apologized to the public and all those who supported her during this difficult time and everyone who saw those scar photos. Her Former FNC Family Members stayed by her side all night long. She had met with FNC Chairman Han Sung Ho earlier that day and could feel his sincerity in the words he spoke. She apologized again to all the fans, acquaintances, family, and AOA Fans who went through a hard time because of this. The post concluded by saying that she will reflect and work hard on her treatment and that this does not happen again.-Some Netizens commented that she did not need to apologize, with some others stating that FNC Entertainment, AOA Members, and Jimin should be the ones writing apologies instead.Some other commenters speculated that she has a bi-polar personality in which they say explains why she went from one extreme to another.-After a month of silence from Jimin, It was discovered that she had taken down all her videos on her YouTube Channel.-On the 12th of August, Mina had deleted the apology she had written the day earlier and a source from Woori Actors told Hankook Ilbo [A Korean newspaper] that Mina has decided that she would focus on her treatment and has deleted her Instagram account.-People have shown support for her and many have agreed that Mina stepping off social media is a good choice and wishes her the best with her treatment.-According to an exclusive report from Joongang Ilbo [A Korean newspaper], On the 13th of August, the Gangnam Police Station began a preliminary internal investigation into the Bullying of Kwon Mina. The report stated that it was a civil complaint sent to the police station on the 9th by an unnamed longtime Elvis [AOA Fan]. Since the complaint was sent in by a fan who is not directly involved in it, For the investigation to continue, the victim has to appear to talk to the detectives in charge.Woori Actors had stated to 동아닷컴 that it is true that they have received a call from the police regarding it and after further discussion with Mina, they have decided to turn down the investigation as she still is in a fragile mental state and that this is not giving her strength but instead making it worse.The Agency later then reaffirmed to OSEN that they have requested the Police not investigate this as Mina has no intention of reporting and does not want to have anything to do with the investigation.-Some fans began raising suspicion towards this decision stating that she must have something to hide. Others said that they respected this decision as it was her own choice as well and that doing this investigation would be stressful for her. One netizen had made a comment saying that because she is in an unstable condition (in which she can go from one extreme to another), people should not take her internet comments too seriously and that after proper treatment and when her mental health is back in good form, she may regret the social media comments that she has made.-Woori Actors later stated that a future investigation into this controversy could cause Mina’s emotions to blow up again and that it could result in dangerous consequences. The agency’s current top priority is her psychological stability and for her to focus on her treatment.-On September 26th, 2020, Woori Actors announced that Mina has parted ways with the agency citing that she wanted to focus on her wellbeing and is taking a hiatus for the time being. Her contract was terminated following negotiations shortly after her 27th birthday on September 21st.-Shortly after it was revealed that Mina had left Woori Actors, Jimin set her Instagram account to private. Her Instagram account was opened back to the public shortly after, since her public apology on Instagram, Jimin has been inactive on social media.-Mina returned to Instagram days after she departed from Woori Actors with a selfie of herself.-On October 5, 2020, Mina took to her Instagram and revealed a series of death threats and malicious DMS she has received from a netizen along with the screenshots, which included the netizen's Instagram username.She then publicly clapped back at this netizen and told them in the caption to shut up.Some fans began to get concerned that she may have relapsed and flooded the comment section with kind words of encouragement.-On October 7, 2020, Mina reassured fans in an Instagram post stating that a lot of people got worried about her following the DMs but she only feels hurt and remembers the things that are said by people she knows and the people around her. She then continued stating that she is not affected by insults thrown at her by strangers. Mina gave an update that she is doing a lot better and only posted the DMs to vent her anger, she concluded that she has not been in touch or meeting the people around her and does not want to be hurt again and told fans not to worry about her.-During the early hours of October 26, 2020, Mina took to Instagram and posted a picture of herself, captioning that she had trouble sleeping, no matter how many sleeping pills she takes, she is unable to fall asleep. She then goes on to state that she has lost trust in the people she has met and her anxiety makes it difficult to meet up with people. She asked Fans for recommendations of any psychiatrist that gives good advice and good prescriptions in the Dongtan or Ilsan Area.-Many Netizens supported her, but some others feel like she returned to social media too quickly and should stop posting her personal issues on Instagram.-Since she departed from Woori Actors, Mina has started a beauty business in collaboration with a cosmetics company, something which mina has previously stated was a dream of hers. According to my observations and her latest Instagram posts, mina appears to be in a good condition.-On Christmas eve 2020, Mina posted a lengthy Instagram post with a red photo.She started by calling out malicious commenters who she belives are Jimin’s fans for coming to her account and attacking her for “ruining Jimin’s life”, she then accused them of being “murderers” and stated that Jimin keeps coming back to her in her thoughts and dreams, which prevents her from falling asleep.Mina also expressed how all she has ever told was the truth and Jimin’s even worse than all the allegations that have been publicized against her. As Mina has mentioned in earlier posts, she feels like Jimin never acknowledged what she has done or apologized.According to Mina, Jimin does not remember the alleged things she’s done to Mina and won’t acknowledge it either. She then revealed because of Jimin, she lives on medication and can’t control herself, she also states that she wants to take revenge on Jimin.Mina felt like she didn't gather all the evidence of Jimin’s actions and foolishly felt like she could turn Jimin around. On the day, where Jimin visited her following the publicized allegations, Mina thought Jimin was recording with her cell phone, and as a result, did not cuss her out. She asks the malicious commenters if they pity the person who did all that she wanted and abused her power.She concluded the lengthy post by stressing how they don’t know about what she has been through and asks them to not bring this topic up as she is suffering.-Netizens have shown support for Mina, leaving her encouraging messages and wishing for her recovery. There have been netizens who have commented that Mina should step away from social media completely until she is fully recovered and that 1 month of hiatus is not enough. Some other netizens accused Mina of using this scandal for the promotion of her products.-On January 18th, 2021, Mina posted a lengthy Instagram post, calling out an AOA Fan who claimed that Mina is ruining many people’s lives (including AOA Members) through the comments that she had made on Social Media and how Mina has not provided any solid evidence of the entire bullying incident.Mina responded that in recent times she is having fun and getting better by doing the things she wants to do. Mina states that she wants to stop hearing about Jimin time and time again and did not provide evidence as it would fuel the flames once more. Mina wants to put the entire incident to bed and blames Jimin for why she commits self-harm.Throughout the scandal, Jimin has become a punching bag and a Magnet for Hate comments, and Mina believes that she is not the reason for this and that she is receiving the same amount of hate Jimin is currently receiving.Following this post, Mina uploaded a picture of her diagnosis from the hospital and that she has received treatment from February 27th, 2016 to March 20th, 2018. The Hospital wrote that she had been bullied by Jimin and has attempted suicide multiple times. In the caption, Mina writes that she began taking sleeping pills since she was 20 and it was around 2015/16 when it became unbearable. She has been going to several different hospitals to find a cure but pills no longer affect her.Some Netizens are asking her to Stay Strong and focus on the love she is receiving over the hate comments and that they truly believe her. While there have been others who are more critical about Mina and are calling her entitled and that she is only providing evidence that she is mentally unstable and not that she has been bullied.-The Scars on Mina were first noticed back in June 2020 in which she posted on Instagram with the caption “packed” then later deleted. Some people suspected that it was self-harm and others saying that it was just a burn mark.-Since July, AOA Members Seolhyun, Yuna, and Hyejeong have returned to Instagram. Former AOA member Choa has returned to the music industry following 3 years of hiatus after leaving the group in 2017 due to health issues.On New Year’s Day, 2021, FNC Entertainment announced that Yuna departed FNC Entertainment.-I think that this entire scandal should be a wake-up call to people on how artists may be suffering from mental illnesses but are ignored and how things are not what it seems on the outside.I am not supportive of the “Bully the Bully” campaign that is going in which stans state that they want Jimin to feel the same pain and go through the same thing that Mina did (I’m talking about the su*cide attempt and the self h*rm). Bullying the Bully is not going to help anyone in any way.Mina’s posts to me were very concerning and I do not believe that it is entirely fake of what Jimin claims is “fiction”. Only if she was telling the truth that her posts have the emotions, frustration, hurt, and anger that it conveys.I think that people should not throw themselves into this because we are not the witnesses (unless you actually are) and we are not Mina or Jimin.What I think people should be doing is sending support to Mina to show that she is heard and supported during this difficult time.Throughout the research for this post, I read thousands of internet comments, some have even said that they were shocked as they said they thought the group members were “family”.I also think about how companies market the “Family” Image in between groups should be brought to light. Many people think group members love each other and respect each other like family, when they behind the curtains, could have hatred towards each other (Note: this is not a generalization, indeed some groups do have actual friendships and relationships with each other).-I Apologize if this may inflict pain and trauma to the readers of this post.

“I Know you! I know your address. I know your face. I know your name.”Surprised, I glanced up from my phone to see a stranger getting in the face of my girlfriend, who was cringing away from him, eyes downcast.What the-I stepped up, and got into his space as he spun around to face me; now it was his turn to be surprised. He hadn’t expected a man to be there.He was a short, plump little Chinese man, maybe in his early twenties. He eyed me for a moment, and when I asked loudly: “Who the hell are you?”, he just smirked and stepped away into the crowd, vanishing into the bustling street. I turned to my girlfriend:“What was that about?”“Oh, it happens all the time. It’s because of my activism for the Uyghurs”.Seriously? We were studying together at university in Scotland, half the world away from China. She was half-Uyghur herself, and had only recently come out of her shell with me about her advocacy for their rights. To learn that she was subjected to regular harassment like this was an incredible shock. We live in a free country, right? That harassers could strike at her regularly in the UK in the open, apparently with impunity, was for me unfathomable.Turns out, the Chinese state has a long reach.That night, in bed, I got to thinking. Why would my girlfriend be targeted that way? She was no professional or high-ranked activist, just a student passionate about raising awareness of the plight of her people. In person, she was one of the most gentle and harmless individuals you could imagine. How could such a woman ever be considered dangerous? What was she saying that was so threatening?Let’s talk about genocide, and about what the Uyghurs have been facing for the last few years.Here is the UN definition of genocide, as drawn up in Article II of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in 1948:[1][1][1][1]“In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:Killing members of the group;Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.”This legislation was passed in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, when the world looked at the crimes of the Axis powers and swore Never Again. Research was conducted on the origins and nature of genocide. Where it comes from, what causes it to begin and escalate, and how to identify and prevent it before it proceeds to full-scale mass killing. The definition was written out with the aim of preventing this crime, rather than simply identifying it after-the-fact. By then, it’s too late.The international nonpartisan organisation Genocide Watch, which studies the process of genocide and monitors its progression worldwide, has found that genocides proceed according to ten stages, beginning with innocuous-seeming ‘us-and-them’ classification, and steadily escalating to extermination and, ultimately, to denialism.[2][2][2][2]Here is Genocide Watch’s declaration of a Genocide Emergency Alert for Xinjiang. It identifies the situation there as a Stage 9 genocide, meaning that they fear the extermination has already begun:GENOCIDE EMERGENCY ALERT FOR XINJIANG, CHINAImage Source: (Reuters: Murad Sezer) Genocide Watch is issuing a Genocide Emergency Alert for the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) of China. For decades, the Chinese government has systematically restricted the religious, cultural, and social practices of Uyghurs and other Turkic minorities in Xinjiang. Xinjiang is a region located in the northwest of the People’s Republic of China. Xinjiang is home to several ethnic minorities including Turkic Uyghurs, Kazakhs, and Kyrgyzs. In recenhttps://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/genocide-emergency-alert-for-xinjiang-chinaThis has been brewing for some time.Xinjiang province is no stranger to regional strife, and the decades since its annexation by the PRC in 1949 have seen both large-scale Han immigration to the province, as well as attempts to subdue the region and integrate it more fully into wider China. Whereas in 1950, Uyghurs were about 70% of the population of Xinjiang, they are on their way to being a minority in the province.[3][3][3][3]Separatist conflict in the region is a continuation of tension that has been building since 1990 or so, with the fall of the Soviet Union. At that time, many ethnic groups in Central Asia were able to secure a ‘homeland’ nation where they were the majority. Uyghurs were an exception to this trend, their separatist movements suppressed by military means. A notable example of this was the Baren incident in 1990, when regional protests were met with a military response that included actions by armed police, tanks and fighter jets, and likely led to the deaths of some 1600 Uyghur protesters[4][4][4][4] .After 2001, the Chinese state began to characterise its response to Uyghur separatism as countermeasures to Islamic extremism, and although this was briefly met with approval by the United States and the International community, by 2003 concerns were once again raised that the Chinese response to unrest in the region was disproportionate.[5][5][5][5] Serious violence broke again out in 2009, with Uyghur riots in Urumqi leading to nearly 200 deaths.[6][6][6][6] This phase of unrest lasted until 2016, when Beijing seems to have implemented a new policy for Xinjiang.A detention facility in Xinjiang.[7][7][7][7]In August of that year, Chen Quanguo (陈全国)[8][8][8][8] was appointed as the Communist Party Secretary of Xinjiang province.[9][9][9][9] He’s known as a firebreather, with a Judge-Dredd-like reputation which he acquired during his time as Party Secretary of Tibet. His task there was to pacify the province, and he was notable for draconian policies, including blanket surveillance, massive police presence, and the forced introduction of Han individuals into Tibetan households.[10][10][10][10][11][11][11][11] These measures seem to have impressed Beijing, and it looks like they saw the need for his methods in Xinjiang.Chen Quanguo, Architect of the current programme of Uyghur oppression in Xinjiang.[12][12][12][12]By the spring of 2017, a new policy appears to have been implemented in Xinjiang known by the acronym fanghuijiu (访惠聚), which profiled the entirety of the Uyghur population through door-to-door interviews, the analysis of mobile data, internet consumption, and even biometric data including blood and tissue samples.[13][13][13][13] Processing the data using high-capacity machine-learning software, it seems that members of the population were ranked according to measures such as ‘trustworthiness’. Those who failed to reach some threshold of acceptability were detained. It is at this time that we start to see evidence of camps and mass-internment.[14][14][14][14]However, due to the secretive nature of the policy, the international community only became aware of China’s new new, hardline stance on the Uyghurs in May 2018, following information leaks,[15][15][15][15] satellite imagery,[16][16][16][16] and drone footage.[17][17][17][17]A frame from leaked drone footage.China initially denied the existence of these camps, before pivoting in late 2018 and claiming that they were ‘vocational and re-educational centres’.[18][18][18][18]But since then, we’ve started to hear accounts from survivors.Contrary to the claims of many deniers on this platform, there has been a steady trickle of refugees out of Xinjiang. There is a moderately-sized community of Uyghur refugees in Turkey,[19][19][19][19] which they reach mainly via Kazakhstan,[20][20][20][20] having established a community of refugees centred in Istanbul in the 1990s. Kazakhstan itself also has a fair number of such refugees,[21][21][21][21] and there are diaspora communities all around the world.[22][22][22][22] The tales that these people tell are of a very different sort:Separation of children from their families, and forced assimilation of Han culture:China: Xinjiang Children Separated from Families(New York) – Chinese authorities should immediately release to their families children held in “child welfare” institutions and boarding schools in Xinjiang, Human Rights Watch said today. The government should cease unnecessarily separating Uyghur and other Turkic Muslim children from their families. Under China’s “Strike Hard Campaign against Violent Terrorism,” an estimated 1 million Turkic Muslims have been arbitrarily detained in unlawful political education camps in Xinjiang since 2017. An unknown number are being held in detention centers and prisons . Chinese authorities have housed countless children whose parents are detained or in exile in state-run child welfare institutions and boarding schools without parental consent or access. “The Chinese government’s forced separation of children is perhaps the cruelest element of its oppression in Xinjiang,” said Sophie Richardson , China director at Human Rights Watch. “Children should be either immediately returned to the custody of relatives in China or allowed to join their parents outside the country.” Human Rights Watch interviewed five families from the Xinjiang region now living outside the country who described having no contact with their children. Some know and others believe the authorities placed their children in state-run institutions without their family’s consent. Abdurahman Tohti, a Uyghur living in Turkey, has been unable to contact his son, now 4, and daughter, 3, since authorities detained his wife in August 2016. In January, he spotted his son in a video posted online that showed him in a school answering questions in Chinese. “I miss my children, my wife,” said Tohti. “I want them back very much. I fear if I ever meet my children again in my lifetime, they wouldn’t know who I am, and they would’ve been assimilated as Chinese and think that I’m their enemy.” The number of children in Xinjiang placed in state-run child welfare institutions and boarding schools without consent is not known. Government control and surveillance in the region, including severe punishments for those who speak out or have contacts abroad, prevent comprehensive reporting. Many Turkic Muslims living outside of China have completely lost contact with their families in Xinjiang. The website Xinjiang Victims Database collected accounts of over 5,000 people in Xinjiang, including more than 100 children, who have been imprisoned, detained in political education camps, or subjected to other restrictions on movement. Xinjiang government documents provide little information on decisions to send children to state-run facilities. They do not indicate whose consent is needed, which government agencies make decisions about removal to state institutions, or whether there are procedures for determining consent or challenges to such determinations. As Human Rights Watch previously reported , certain localities have received specific quotas from higher-level authorities for institutionalizing orphans. Beyond the thttps://www.hrw.org/news/2019/09/15/china-xinjiang-children-separated-familiesForced re-education and brainwashing. Attempts to mould Uyghurs into Han:[23][23][23][23]The Fate Of Uighur Muslims In China: From Re-education Camps To Forced LaborAccording to a recent report published by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), between 2017 and 2019, the Chinese Government facilitated the transfer of Uighur Muslims and other ethnic minorities from Xinjiang to factories in various parts of China.https://www.forbes.com/sites/ewelinaochab/2020/04/04/the-fate-of-uighur-muslims-in-china-from-re-education-camps-to-forced-labor/Systematic rape:'Their goal is to destroy everyone': Uighur camp detainees allege systematic rapeIn new testimony, former detainees of China's detention camps describe systematic rape and torture.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-55794071From the article:"My job was to remove their clothes above the waist and handcuff them so they cannot move," said Gulzira Auelkhan, crossing her wrists behind her head to demonstrate. "Then I would leave the women in the room and a man would enter - some Chinese man from outside or policeman. I sat silently next to the door, and when the man left the room I took the woman for a shower."The Chinese men "would pay money to have their pick of the prettiest young inmates", she said.Some former detainees of the camps have described being forced to assist guards or face punishment. Auelkhan said she was powerless to resist or intervene.Asked if there was a system of organised rape, she said: "Yes, rape.""They forced me to go into that room," she said. "They forced me to take off those women's clothes and to restrain their hands and leave the room."Some of the women who were taken away from the cells at night were never returned, Ziawudun said. Those who were brought back were threatened against telling others in the cell what had happened to them.Forced sterilisation:Uighur Muslim teacher tells of forced sterilisation in XinjiangChinese government threatened woman when she resisted in move to suppress Muslim minority birth rateshttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/04/muslim-minority-teacher-50-tells-of-forced-sterilisation-in-xinjiang-chinaMurder and organ-harvesting:Muslims Are Being “Slaughtered on Demand” For Their Organs in ChinaPublished by CJ Werleman Independent, a crowdfunded and independent investigative journalism project that seeks to expose and end…https://extranewsfeed.com/muslims-are-being-slaughtered-on-demand-for-their-organs-in-china-b502133c725New Horrors: China Harvesting Muslim Organs in Concentration Camps.Published by CJ Werleman Independent, a crowdfunded and independent investigative journalism project that seeks to expose and end…https://extranewsfeed.com/new-horrors-china-harvesting-muslim-organs-in-concentration-camps-9a252d3c373eFrom the article:“I was called by my chief surgeon to go to a room near the Urumqi execution grounds to remove the liver and two kidneys from an executed prisoner,” Tohti told me when I spoke to him last year. “It turned out he wasn’t fully dead because they [the Chinese execution squad] shot him through the right chest [intentionally] to knock him out [without killing him], so I would have time to remove his organ.” Tohti could see the man’s still beating heart as he removed his kidneys and liver.It makes for heavy reading.These are the charges being laid at China’s door. This is the evidence that they must give an explanation for. I urge you to read through the accounts, then return to the UN definition of genocide given at the beginning of this answer. Ask yourself whether these allegations, and what they imply, warrant the description of genocide by the 1948 Convention’s standard. Come to your own conclusion on whether they rise to, or exceed, that threshold of severity.If you think that they do reach the standard of genocide, then you’re in good company.[24][24][24][24] Here are voices from the Jewish community, taking the very unusual step of comparing the Xinjiang camps to the Holocaust itself:In Britain, Jews lead fight against oppression of China’s Uighur MuslimsAll denominations of UK Jewry join extraordinary effort on issue hitting close to home, as leaders take unusual step of invoking Holocaust and chief rabbi pens rare political op-edhttps://www.timesofisrael.com/in-britain-jews-lead-fight-against-oppression-of-chinas-uighur-muslims/And the Chief Rabbi of the UK, Ephraim Mirvis, speaking up:As chief rabbi, I can no longer remain silent about the plight of the Uighurs | Ephraim MirvisAn unfathomable mass atrocity is being perpetrated in China. The responsibility for doing something lies with all of ushttps://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/dec/15/chief-rabbi-silent-plight-uighurs-atrocity-chinaAnyone who’s familiar with the contempt that the Jewish community holds for making cheap comparisons with the Holocaust will know how extraordinary this statement is. Jews hate people who cry wolf on genocide.Deniers claim that the allegations are made by a small number of people, who presumably lie for the sake of disseminating anti-Chinese propaganda. They claim that the ‘disappeared’ people are either fabricated, or are not in fact missing. They talk of small numbers of victims and witnesses, easily falsifiable by western propagandists.Here is a database keeping track of those who have disappeared into the camps. At the time of writing, it has logged and confirmed nearly 14,000 missing people, largely through the testimony of relatives outside of China:Xinjiang Victims Database12721.89 1700 3400 5100 Please choose the export format (0 = Excel, 1 = PDF, 2 = PDF w/ photos [max. 100]). © All shahit.biz data is protected by a CC-BY license . It may be shared and used without permission, provided there is attribution.https://shahit.biz/eng/#homeDeniers also point to the apparent lack of refugees and asylum seekers fleeing the country. “Where are the waves of people spilling into neighbouring countries?” they ask, reasoning that an act of genocide will be preceded by massive movements of refugees that will be extremely noticeable and make for regional disturbance.In normal circumstances this would be true, but there are factors that conspire to make the Xinjiang situation uniquely difficult for would-be refugees. The first thing to consider is the geography of the region:This is a topographic map of Xinjiang province.[25][25][25][25] It’s a truly vast area, comparable in size to Western Europe, and can be roughly subdivided into two main areas. To the North, sandwiched between Mongolia and Kazakhstan, is the region traditionally known as Dzungaria. Historically, it was the homeland of the Dzungar people, but unfortunately they themselves were exterminated in a genocide conducted by China’s Qing Dynasty in the 18th Century.[26][26][26][26] Now its inhabitants are a mixture of Han, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Uyghur. This area has seen the most Han migration over the last few decades, and only about ten percent of the Uyghur population live here. The Uyghurs are a minority in this region.To the South is the Tarim depression. The large majority of the Uyghur population live in this area, in a settlement pattern that forms a crescent around oases hugging the mountains to the South and the West of the basin.[27][27][27][27] It happens to be one of the most geographically isolated regions on the planet, holding the vast and arid Taklamakan desert in its interior. Huge mountain ranges hem it in from three directions.Along its northern edge are the Tian Shan, the ‘Heavenly Mountains’, which rise to a maximum height of nearly 8000 metres above sea level.[28][28][28][28] They are comparable in height to the Himalayas. These ranges demark the borders with Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.To the West are the Pamir ranges.[29][29][29][29] They are contiguous with the Himalayas, and almost as high. These mark the borders with Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and to a certain extent with Pakistan.To the South are the Himalayas proper. You wanna reach Pakistan or India? You gotta cross ‘em.To say nothing of the harshness of the terrain and the dangers that vulnerable people would face passing through such ranges, mountain borders are easily policed. This is because any possible mass crossing of these ranges must follow a small number of passes, or natural choke-points which can be guarded with little difficulty. There can be no escape for most Uyghurs to the North, or the West, or the South.A satellite view of the ranges to the West of Xinjiang. Significant peaks like K2 are marked.[30][30][30][30]The only alternative is to try to reach Mongolia, over a thousand miles distant from Kashgar and the Southwest Tarim.Xinjiang, and the Tarim Basin in particular, is a vast geographical trap. An absolute gift to any would-be genocider. In fact, it’s hard to think of a region that would be more difficult to escape as a refugee in the entire world, let alone when trying to evade as technologically sophisticated and powerful an entity as the Chinese state. Which brings us to the second unprecedented aspect to this genocide: the sheer Orwellian technological prowess that’s been deployed in its prosecution.The crackdown is by far the largest and most technologically sophisticated campaign of mass surveillance and detention ever attempted,[31][31][31][31] and certainly the most secretive. Not only are the people of Xinjiang monitored by cameras in every public space, but their mobile data and metadata is scrutinised and their locations tracked.[32][32][32][32] Virtually every Uyghur’s biometric data is held by the state, including genomic data,[33][33][33][33] and they are required to present papers at regular checkpoints. It is impossible to travel without close scrutiny in Xinjiang, and this is doubly true if you are a Uyghur.This documentary filmed undercover in Xinjiang gives a taste of just how pervasive the surveillance and control there truly is.The third factor that stands in the way of would-be refugees is the political orientation of nations that border Xinjiang, on the far side of those enormous mountain ranges. Kyrgyzstan, for example is extremely friendly to the Chinese government and hostile to Uyghurs, and tends to hand refugees back to Chinese authorities when they manage to find them.[34][34][34][34]China and Pakistan are ‘iron brothers’, and are currently closely aligned.[35][35][35][35] Little sympathy for refugees can be expected there.Tajikistan is wholly within China’s orbit and has publicly supported their measures in Xinjiang.[36][36][36][36]Kazakhstan is similarly within China’s sphere of influence and seems to have limited ability to protect even its own citizens from the camps. They appear to be ambivalent about the Uyghurs and their treatment.[37][37][37][37]So Uyghurs lack the means to easily plan and coordinate with family members to escape without being detected by surveillance. All borders near to hand are ‘guarded’ by hardcore mountain ranges, and are with nations that are aligned strongly with China. When we additionally consider the ‘boiling frog’ effect in play after decades of habituation to government repression, we should not be surprised that we haven’t seen a substantial refugee wave after 2017.Nobody outside of the Chinese government knows how many people are detained in the camps; the CCP naturally haven’t released figures. Nevertheless, estimates have been attempted through various methods, including interviews with relatives of victims, leaked testimonies, and even using satellite imagery to guess at camp capacities.[38][38][38][38] They suggest anywhere between 0.5 and 1.5 million people, with more attending detention centres on a part-time basis. Even by conservative estimates, this is the largest mass-internment of a group belonging to a particular ethnicity or religion since the Second World War .To answer the original question: No. The Uighur genocide claims are not bogus. They are deadly real, and China’s tight control of information leakage very nearly let them get away with it undetected. But now some of the evidence is out in the open, and China’s under scrutiny. I’ve seen the narrative on Quora shift into disturbing denialism recently, but it flies in the face of what is actually known so far. You wouldn’t know it from reading Quora, but the world is taking notice. The outrage at China’s actions grows by the day.[39][39][39][39]Almost all of the other answers to this question are staggeringly wrong, and I wonder at the intentions of some of the authors of those answers. I can’t believe they’re all misled. I can only conclude that this is another manifestation of the technological sophistication[40][40][40][40] that has been bought to bear to make this genocide happen.[41][41][41][41] Because the denialist speech is a part of the genocide. We have a great deal of evidence for these abuses now. Don’t fall for the propaganda. Don’t be a disbeliever of atrocities.[42][42][42][42]Our fathers vowed to the world, and to future generations:Never Again.Don’t let that promise die on your watch.Happy Easter, 2021.清明平安I’m grateful to Veronique Helmridge-Marsillian and Vazily Peste, who helped contribute some sources for this piece.Footnotes[1] https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.1_Convention%20on%20the%20Prevention%20and%20Punishment%20of%20the%20Crime%20of%20Genocide.pdf[1] https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.1_Convention%20on%20the%20Prevention%20and%20Punishment%20of%20the%20Crime%20of%20Genocide.pdf[1] https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.1_Convention%20on%20the%20Prevention%20and%20Punishment%20of%20the%20Crime%20of%20Genocide.pdf[1] https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.1_Convention%20on%20the%20Prevention%20and%20Punishment%20of%20the%20Crime%20of%20Genocide.pdf[2] 10 Stages of Genocide[2] 10 Stages of Genocide[2] 10 Stages of Genocide[2] 10 Stages of Genocide[3] The Uyghurs[3] The Uyghurs[3] The Uyghurs[3] The Uyghurs[4] Why Scholars and Activists Increasingly Fear a Uyghur Genocide in Xinjiang (pre-publication version)[4] Why Scholars and Activists Increasingly Fear a Uyghur Genocide in Xinjiang (pre-publication version)[4] Why Scholars and Activists Increasingly Fear a Uyghur Genocide in Xinjiang (pre-publication version)[4] Why Scholars and Activists Increasingly Fear a Uyghur Genocide in Xinjiang (pre-publication version)[5] Why Scholars and Activists Increasingly Fear a Uyghur Genocide in Xinjiang (pre-publication version)[5] Why Scholars and Activists Increasingly Fear a Uyghur Genocide in Xinjiang (pre-publication version)[5] Why Scholars and Activists Increasingly Fear a Uyghur Genocide in Xinjiang (pre-publication version)[5] Why Scholars and Activists Increasingly Fear a Uyghur Genocide in Xinjiang (pre-publication version)[6] Riots in Western China Amid Ethnic Tension (Published 2009)[6] Riots in Western China Amid Ethnic Tension (Published 2009)[6] Riots in Western China Amid Ethnic Tension (Published 2009)[6] Riots in Western China Amid Ethnic Tension (Published 2009)[7] China says most people in Xinjiang camps have 'returned to society'[7] China says most people in Xinjiang camps have 'returned to society'[7] China says most people in Xinjiang camps have 'returned to society'[7] China says most people in Xinjiang camps have 'returned to society'[8] Chen Quanguo - Wikipedia[8] Chen Quanguo - Wikipedia[8] Chen Quanguo - Wikipedia[8] Chen Quanguo - Wikipedia[9] Uighur repression: Chen Quanguo prefers the stick to the carrot[9] Uighur repression: Chen Quanguo prefers the stick to the carrot[9] Uighur repression: Chen Quanguo prefers the stick to the carrot[9] Uighur repression: Chen Quanguo prefers the stick to the carrot[10] Chen Quanguo: The Strongman Behind Beijing's Securitization Strategy in Tibet and Xinjiang - Jamestown[10] Chen Quanguo: The Strongman Behind Beijing's Securitization Strategy in Tibet and Xinjiang - Jamestown[10] Chen Quanguo: The Strongman Behind Beijing's Securitization Strategy in Tibet and Xinjiang - Jamestown[10] Chen Quanguo: The Strongman Behind Beijing's Securitization Strategy in Tibet and Xinjiang - Jamestown[11] China's Tibetan intermarriage policy sparks outrage - UCA News[11] China's Tibetan intermarriage policy sparks outrage - UCA News[11] China's Tibetan intermarriage policy sparks outrage - UCA News[11] China's Tibetan intermarriage policy sparks outrage - UCA News[12] China replaces Tibet's hardline top official - Tibetan Political Review[12] China replaces Tibet's hardline top official - Tibetan Political Review[12] China replaces Tibet's hardline top official - Tibetan Political Review[12] China replaces Tibet's hardline top official - Tibetan Political Review[13] Moral Hazards and China[13] Moral Hazards and China[13] Moral Hazards and China[13] Moral Hazards and China[14] Moral Hazards and China[14] Moral Hazards and China[14] Moral Hazards and China[14] Moral Hazards and China[15] There is now more evidence than ever that China is imprisoning Uighurs | Nathan Ruser[15] There is now more evidence than ever that China is imprisoning Uighurs | Nathan Ruser[15] There is now more evidence than ever that China is imprisoning Uighurs | Nathan Ruser[15] There is now more evidence than ever that China is imprisoning Uighurs | Nathan Ruser[16] There is now more evidence than ever that China is imprisoning Uighurs | Nathan Ruser[16] There is now more evidence than ever that China is imprisoning Uighurs | Nathan Ruser[16] There is now more evidence than ever that China is imprisoning Uighurs | Nathan Ruser[16] There is now more evidence than ever that China is imprisoning Uighurs | Nathan Ruser[17] China footage reveals hundreds of blindfolded and shackled prisoners[17] China footage reveals hundreds of blindfolded and shackled prisoners[17] China footage reveals hundreds of blindfolded and shackled prisoners[17] China footage reveals hundreds of blindfolded and shackled prisoners[18] From denial to pride: how China changed its language on Xinjiang's camps[18] From denial to pride: how China changed its language on Xinjiang's camps[18] From denial to pride: how China changed its language on Xinjiang's camps[18] From denial to pride: how China changed its language on Xinjiang's camps[19] The Uighur and Syrian refugees making a home together in Turkey[19] The Uighur and Syrian refugees making a home together in Turkey[19] The Uighur and Syrian refugees making a home together in Turkey[19] The Uighur and Syrian refugees making a home together in Turkey[20] Kazakhstan’s Ambiguous Position towards the Uyghur Cultural Genocide in China[20] Kazakhstan’s Ambiguous Position towards the Uyghur Cultural Genocide in China[20] Kazakhstan’s Ambiguous Position towards the Uyghur Cultural Genocide in China[20] Kazakhstan’s Ambiguous Position towards the Uyghur Cultural Genocide in China[21] Kazakhstan’s Ambiguous Position towards the Uyghur Cultural Genocide in China[21] Kazakhstan’s Ambiguous Position towards the Uyghur Cultural Genocide in China[21] Kazakhstan’s Ambiguous Position towards the Uyghur Cultural Genocide in China[21] Kazakhstan’s Ambiguous Position towards the Uyghur Cultural Genocide in China[22] The Uyghur Community - Diaspora, Identity and Geopolitics | Güljanat Kurmangaliyeva Ercilasun | Palgrave Macmillan[22] The Uyghur Community - Diaspora, Identity and Geopolitics | Güljanat Kurmangaliyeva Ercilasun | Palgrave Macmillan[22] The Uyghur Community - Diaspora, Identity and Geopolitics | Güljanat Kurmangaliyeva Ercilasun | Palgrave Macmillan[22] The Uyghur Community - Diaspora, Identity and Geopolitics | Güljanat Kurmangaliyeva Ercilasun | Palgrave Macmillan[23] ‘Thoroughly reforming them towards a healthy heart attitude’: China’s political re-education campaign in Xinjiang[23] ‘Thoroughly reforming them towards a healthy heart attitude’: China’s political re-education campaign in Xinjiang[23] ‘Thoroughly reforming them towards a healthy heart attitude’: China’s political re-education campaign in Xinjiang[23] ‘Thoroughly reforming them towards a healthy heart attitude’: China’s political re-education campaign in Xinjiang[24] https://newlinesinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/Chinas-Breaches-of-the-GC3.pdf[24] https://newlinesinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/Chinas-Breaches-of-the-GC3.pdf[24] https://newlinesinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/Chinas-Breaches-of-the-GC3.pdf[24] https://newlinesinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/Chinas-Breaches-of-the-GC3.pdf[25] China Xinjiang Map, Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regiont, China Travel Map[25] China Xinjiang Map, Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regiont, China Travel Map[25] China Xinjiang Map, Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regiont, China Travel Map[25] China Xinjiang Map, Map of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regiont, China Travel Map[26] Dzungar genocide - Wikipedia[26] Dzungar genocide - Wikipedia[26] Dzungar genocide - Wikipedia[26] Dzungar genocide - Wikipedia[27] 新疆公布第六次人口普查数据：全区常住人口2181万 - 新疆天山网[27] 新疆公布第六次人口普查数据：全区常住人口2181万 - 新疆天山网[27] 新疆公布第六次人口普查数据：全区常住人口2181万 - 新疆天山网[27] 新疆公布第六次人口普查数据：全区常住人口2181万 - 新疆天山网[28] Tian Shan - Wikipedia[28] Tian Shan - Wikipedia[28] Tian Shan - Wikipedia[28] Tian Shan - Wikipedia[29] Pamir Mountains - Wikipedia[29] Pamir Mountains - Wikipedia[29] Pamir Mountains - Wikipedia[29] Pamir Mountains - Wikipedia[30] Pamir Mountains - Wikipedia[30] Pamir Mountains - Wikipedia[30] Pamir Mountains - Wikipedia[30] Pamir Mountains - Wikipedia[31] Surveillance in China’s Xinjiang Region: Ethnic Sorting, Coercion, and Inducement[31] Surveillance in China’s Xinjiang Region: Ethnic Sorting, Coercion, and Inducement[31] Surveillance in China’s Xinjiang Region: Ethnic Sorting, Coercion, and Inducement[31] Surveillance in China’s Xinjiang Region: Ethnic Sorting, Coercion, and Inducement[32] China’s Algorithms of Repression[32] China’s Algorithms of Repression[32] China’s Algorithms of Repression[32] China’s Algorithms of Repression[33] https://www.kuleuven.be/emeritiforum/em/Forumgesprekken/forumgesprekken-2019-2020/20-februari-2020-artificiele-intelligentie/nature-moreau-crack-down-on-genomic-surveillance.pdf[33] https://www.kuleuven.be/emeritiforum/em/Forumgesprekken/forumgesprekken-2019-2020/20-februari-2020-artificiele-intelligentie/nature-moreau-crack-down-on-genomic-surveillance.pdf[33] https://www.kuleuven.be/emeritiforum/em/Forumgesprekken/forumgesprekken-2019-2020/20-februari-2020-artificiele-intelligentie/nature-moreau-crack-down-on-genomic-surveillance.pdf[33] https://www.kuleuven.be/emeritiforum/em/Forumgesprekken/forumgesprekken-2019-2020/20-februari-2020-artificiele-intelligentie/nature-moreau-crack-down-on-genomic-surveillance.pdf[34] Uyghur minority fear deportation to China[34] Uyghur minority fear deportation to China[34] Uyghur minority fear deportation to China[34] Uyghur minority fear deportation to China[35] 'Iron brothers': China, Pakistan agree to safeguard common interests, strengthen cooperation in all areas[35] 'Iron brothers': China, Pakistan agree to safeguard common interests, strengthen cooperation in all areas[35] 'Iron brothers': China, Pakistan agree to safeguard common interests, strengthen cooperation in all areas[35] 'Iron brothers': China, Pakistan agree to safeguard common interests, strengthen cooperation in all areas[36] China–Tajikistan relations - Wikipedia[36] China–Tajikistan relations - Wikipedia[36] China–Tajikistan relations - Wikipedia[36] China–Tajikistan relations - Wikipedia[37] Kazakhstan’s Ambiguous Position towards the Uyghur Cultural Genocide in China[37] Kazakhstan’s Ambiguous Position towards the Uyghur Cultural Genocide in China[37] Kazakhstan’s Ambiguous Position towards the Uyghur Cultural Genocide in China[37] Kazakhstan’s Ambiguous Position towards the Uyghur Cultural Genocide in China[38] How did we get to the number of 1.5 million Muslims imprisoned in China?[38] How did we get to the number of 1.5 million Muslims imprisoned in China?[38] How did we get to the number of 1.5 million Muslims imprisoned in China?[38] How did we get to the number of 1.5 million Muslims imprisoned in China?[39] Subscribe to read | Financial Times[39] Subscribe to read | Financial Times[39] Subscribe to read | Financial Times[39] Subscribe to read | Financial Times[40] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CDecCXQsJNk[40] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CDecCXQsJNk[40] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CDecCXQsJNk[40] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CDecCXQsJNk[41] Inside China's audacious global propaganda campaign[41] Inside China's audacious global propaganda campaign[41] Inside China's audacious global propaganda campaign[41] Inside China's audacious global propaganda campaign[42] “On Disbelieving Atrocities”[42] “On Disbelieving Atrocities”[42] “On Disbelieving Atrocities”[42] “On Disbelieving Atrocities”

From Get Tough & Smart: How to Start Winning the War on Drug Addiction:In 2012, cumulative American drug overdose deaths exceeded our deaths in the Second World War.[1] In 2017, there were 70,237 drug overdose deaths in the U.S.[2] By 2021, our total drug overdose deaths will exceed all U.S. war deaths.[3] Our current incarcerated population in American prisons and jails, many of whom are addicts or drug traffickers, is over three times all U.S. war deaths. American addiction is more deadly than war. Addict deaths represent fully wasted lives. “For every drug overdose that results in death, there are many more nonfatal overdoses, each one with its own emotional and economic toll.”[4] “In 2015, an estimated 547,543 emergency department visits occurred for all drug-related poisonings in the U.S.” and “rates were highest among persons aged 15–19.”[5]“The overall mortality rate for unintentional drug poisonings in the United States grew exponentially from 1979 through 2016. This exponentially increasing mortality rate tracked along a remarkably smooth trajectory for at least 38 years. By contrast, the trajectories of mortality rates from individual drugs have not tracked along exponential trajectories.”[6] We focus much attention on the current Opioid Crisis, but it is a sub-epidemic. In the larger picture we see skyrocketing overdose mortality rates that transcend specific drugs, ages, races, time course and geographic distribution. Skyrocketing overdose mortality represents reckless overconsumption of illegal narcotics. The years from 1979 through 2016 saw the growth of massive incarceration.We are losing or have already lost the old War on Drugs. American life expectancy has declined for three years in a row on account of increases in drug overdoses, chronic liver disease and suicide,[7] all three linked to drugs and alcohol. To avoid reversal of the American Dream, we must change strategy and tactics.Overdose survivors sometimes have permanent brain injury due to oxygen deficiency during overdoses. “Approximately one quarter of those entering brain injury rehabilitation are there as a result of drugs or alcohol, while nearly 50 percent of people receiving treatment for substance misuse have a history of at least one brain injury.”[8] Skyrocketing drug overdoses over time produce even less intelligent and capable addicts. “The opioid epidemic has led to the creation of a new term: Toxic Brain Injury.”[9]We subsidize drug addicts with Medicare, Medicaid, family support, insurance proceeds, medical treatment, drug treatment, overdose rescues, funds from taxpayers and sometimes expensive incarceration. Addiction recovery specialists believe addicts should work productively. In this way, as in so many others, addicts are just like criminal offenders and prisoners. Hard core drug addicts increasingly merged with the huge correctional population, forming one huge and growing body of American offenders and addicted antisocial parasites.I had long ago learned something about addiction and addicts the hard way. My father was an alcoholic, who fortunately through the grace of God sobered up for some 37 years before he died. He told me about the brain disease paradigm of addiction when I was a teenager, but I never completely bought the concept. Other people I was close to also became addicted. I learned much more about drug addiction in the wake of the Opioid Crisis.On November 24, 2016, Pope Francis in an apt analogy identified addiction as a new form of slavery. In 2018, Robert L. DuPont, M.D. wrote Chemical Slavery: Understanding Addiction and Stopping the Drug Epidemic. The main limitation with the slavery analogy is that modern addicts in the U.S. are not as moral, sober, reliable, industrious and fit as the average antebellum slave. We have not just gone backward to slavery, we have degenerated physically, mentally and morally, and are in big trouble as a society. Conventional professional wisdom and government policy today discourage calling addicts any pejorative names, stigmatizing them or invoking morality. We urged drug addicts to enter treatment. Few recognized the need for treatment until something bad happened. The U.S. Supreme Court said decades ago that we could impose mandatory drug treatment, with penalties for noncompliance, but our laws have not strongly or wisely required it. Meanwhile, we try to combat addiction and drug trafficking with incarceration. We wait on drug addicts to change their minds…even though they have a disease or disorder that tells them they do not have a disease or disorder.From 2003 to 2013, the number of American drug addicts doubled.[10] My home State of Alabama became the #1 overprescribing state for opioid pain pills. The Opioid Crisis hit. There are now about two million opioid abusers or dependent users in the U.S.,[11] plus those addicted to alcohol, cocaine, methamphetamine, nicotine, marijuana, benzodiazepines and other narcotics. A policeman told us the story of an addict rescued from overdoses five times in a row, and each time he found the addict passed out on the toilet with the syringe still in his arm. Drug law violators overcrowd our prisons. In Alabama, prisons held 200% of their designed prisoner capacities, so Alabama plans to build three new huge prisons, one with 3,960 beds and two with 3,072 beds each.[12] Drug Court[13] judges prefer non-violent defendants with clean records who have a GED and a job. Modern drug treatments, therapies and rehabilitation usually result in relapses, even when using the most effective medicines, matching the pitifully high recidivism rates for all crimes. Like prisons, residential drug treatments provide good temporary incapacitation, but little long-term rehabilitation. Parents spend retirement savings on ineffective treatments to rescue drug-addicted kids who subsequently relapse. Overdose deaths in the U.S. skyrocketed after imported fentanyl and its analogs made it to the streets from legal and illegal laboratories. Fentanyl is such a powerful opioid that 0.25 milligrams can kill you.[14] Addicts have difficulty taking a safe amount.For years, attacking the supply of drugs almost exclusively did not slow supply-driven worldwide expansion of drug markets[15] or lower the number of drug addicts. Worldwide, production of opium and the manufacturing of cocaine are at the highest levels ever recorded.[16]The main illicit narcotics, heroin, cocaine and methamphetamine, increased in purity and decreased in price over the course of decades…and then fentanyl got loose. On the street, heroin is now up to 10 times less expensive than opioid pain medication.[17] Traffickers sell illegal narcotics on the Dark Net using Bitcoin and the latest computer technology to avoid detection.Exponentially increasing mortality rates for drug overdoses prove our weaknesses and failures. Compared to the rest of the world, the U.S. has by far the most people with drug use disorders, the greatest disease burden from alcohol & drug use disorders, the greatest share of its people with drug use disorders and the highest death rates from drug use disorders.[18] Compared to 17 other wealthy countries, the U.S. has 3.5 times their average drug overdose death rate, and Americans on average now have a life expectancy 2.6 years shorter than those peers.[19] Drug-related debt drives most addicts down financially.[20] Over 20 million Americans have a substance use disorder of some description.Suicide has become a more common cause of death. The U.S. suicide rate went from 10.5 per 100,000 in 1999 to 14.0 per 100,000 in 2017, an increase of 33%.[21] “According to studies, over fifty percent of all suicides are associated with alcohol and drug dependence. Over 70% of adolescent suicides may be complicated by drug and alcohol use and dependence.”[22] “More than 90% of people who fall victim to suicide suffer from depression, have a substance abuse disorder, or both.”[23]“Suicide was the leading cause of death in local jails and accounted for more than a third (35 percent) of all jail inmate deaths. From 2013 to 2014, the number of suicides [in local jails] increased 13 percent.”[24] “From 2013 to 2014, the number of suicides in state prisons increased by 30 percent.”[25]Opioid use significantly depresses labor-force participation, harming the American economy.[26] “Labor force participation has fallen more in U.S. counties where relatively more opioid pain medication is prescribed.”[27] Almost half of prime age American men not in the labor force take daily pain medication.[28] Putting addicts and offenders to work is a major objective of this book.Here is a most urgent problem, at the decisive front in the war on drug addiction: In 2017, every day, about 220 Americans used heroin for the first time; every day 2,800 Americans used cocaine for the first time; and every day 530 initiated methamphetamine use.[29] In 2018, every day 320 initiated heroin use, 2,400 per day used cocaine for the first time, and 560 per day initiated methamphetamine use.[30] “Just say No!”, ALERT, D.A.R.E., a billion-dollar youth prevention campaign and health education classes in schools did not prevent these scary numbers or skyrocketing overdose mortality. We need a cultural shift in how we think about recreational drugs, to overcome the music lyrics and video affecting young people.[31] The attraction of psychoactive substances to young people is “the underlying risk factor in the epidemic.”[32] Most importantly, we must “de-normalize recreational pharmacology,”[33] making it far less glamorous.[1] The Running Total of Drug Overdose Deaths – Compared with Major U.S. War Casualties, chart by Drug Abuse Treatment – Alcohol and Substance Abuse Programs.[2] Drug Overdose Deaths, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”).[3] Id.[4] CDC, Nonfatal Drug Overdoses (8-2-2018).[5] CDC, 2018 Annual Surveillance Report of Drug-Related Risks and Outcomes 18 (8-31-2018).[6] H Jalal, J Buchanich, M Roberts, L Balmert, K Zhang, D Burke, Changing dynamics of the drug overdose epidemic in the United States from 1979 through 2016, Science 21 Sep 2018, DOI: 10.1126/science.aau1184.[7] M Solly, U.S. Life Expectancy Drops for Third Year in a Row, Reflecting Rising Drug Overdoses, Suicides, http://Smithsonian.com (Dec. 3, 2018). “From 2000 to 2015, death rates for chronic liver disease and cirrhosis in the United States increased 31%.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, CDC (1-29-2017).[8] W Dane, D Fahel, T Epley, “The Solution to Opioids is Treatment,” Brain Injury Association of America (2019).[9] Id.[10] Grant BF, Saha TD, Ruan WJ, et al. Epidemiology of DSM-5 Drug Use Disorder: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions–III. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016;73(1):39–47. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.2132.[11] Peterson C, Xu L, Mikosz CA, Florence C, Mack KA. US hospital discharges documenting patient opioid use disorder without opioid overdose or treatment services, 2011-2015. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2018;92:35-39.[12] Mike Cason, Alabama plans to break ground on 1st new prison in mid-2020, AL.com (6-28-2019).[13] Drug Courts are special dockets within trial-level criminal courts that seek to rehabilitate addicts instead of punish them with incarceration. They are establishing Drug Courts in more and more venues over time.[14] Nadia Kounang, What you need to know about fentanyl. CNN (11-5-18).[15] U.N. World Drug Report 2018, Vol. 3, Analysis of Drug Markets, Preface 1.[16] U.N. World Drug Report 2018, Vol. 2, Global Overview of Drug Demand and Supply – Preface 1; Vol. 3, Analysis of Drug Markets, Preface 1.[17] Schiller EY, Mechanic OJ. Opioid Overdose. [Updated 2019 Mar 2]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019 Jan-. Available from: Opioid Overdose - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf[18] H Ritchie & M Roser, Substance Use, Our World in Data (April 2018).[19] Jessica Y. Ho. The Contemporary American Drug Overdose Epidemic in International Perspective. Population and Development Review, 2019; DOI: 10.1111/padr.12228.[20] Erica Sandberg, The high cost of descending into drug-related debt, Compare Credit Cards & Apply Online at CreditCards.com (July 5, 2012).[21] CDC, Suicide Mortality in the United States, 1999-2017 (NCHS Data Brief No. 330, November 2018).[22] Miller NS, Mahler JC, Gold MS. Suicide risk associated with drug and alcohol dependence. J Addict Dis. 1991;10(3):49-61.[23] Suicide and Substance Abuse and Addiction, AddictionCenter @ Addiction and Suicide - Addiction Center.[24] Bureau of Justice Statistics @ Bureau of Justice Statistics.[25] Bureau of Justice Statistics @ Bureau of Justice Statistics.[26] Krueger, Alan B. “Where Have All the Workers Gone? An Inquiry into the Decline of the U.S. Labor Force Participation Rate.” Brookings papers on economic activity vol. 2017,2 (2017): 1-87. doi:10.1353/eca.2017.0012[27]Krueger, Alan B. “Where Have All the Workers Gone? An Inquiry into the Decline of the U.S. Labor Force Participation Rate.” Brookings papers on economic activity vol. 2017,2 (2017): 1-87. doi:10.1353/eca.2017.0012[28]Krueger, Alan B. “Where Have All the Workers Gone? An Inquiry into the Decline of the U.S. Labor Force Participation Rate.” Brookings papers on economic activity vol. 2017,2 (2017): 1-87. doi:10.1353/eca.2017.0012[29] Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health 25, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.[30] Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health 26-27, SAMSHA.[31] “It is better to heed the rebuke of a wise person than to listen to the song of fools.”Ecclesiastes 7:5 (NIV).[32] Robert DuPont, Chemical Slavery: Understanding Addiction and Stopping the Drug Epidemic 3 (2018).[33] Robert DuPont, Chemical Slavery: Understanding Addiction and Stopping the Drug Epidemic 3 (2018).***************As a result of Covid-19, the 12-month overdose death toll in the USA rose to 81,000. The opioid addiction issue in the USA is huge, and the problem is getting worse.