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i as a matter in fact wrote an essay about this very topic and i believe that my essay explains this well enough.In 1953 the United Kingdom with help from the United States ousted the first democratically elected prime minister of Iran, Mohammad Mosadegh. Mosadegh a revolutionary, sought to nationalize Iranian oil, eliminating the monopoly that the United Kingdom had on Iranian oil. Through Operation TPAJAX, which led to a series of U.S. backed coup état’s in various countries, Iran was robbed of their democracy and a tyrannical U.S. backed Dictator was installed in its place. This interference of Iranian affairs has led to decades of American hatred and later the Iranian Hostage Crisis. Before the 1953 coupe état, revolutionary, Mosadegh nationalized Iranian oil with an almost unanimous vote,later being threatened by American and British intelligence he was removed from power, and then decades of American resentment and hindrance of political progress followed.“The coup had its roots in an British showdown with Iran, restive under decades of near-colonial British domination”(Iran Chamber). Britain had almost complete control of most of Iran’s oil reserves which were in the Persian Gulf, and there was a growing concern from the Iranian people and the Iranian government from how little of a percentage of the profits Iran was getting compared to the fifty percent that Saudi Arabia was getting. Then in 1949 the Majlis or the Iranian Parliament approved the First Development Plan, which called for extensive agricultural and industrial development of the country(Iran Chamber). The First Development Plan was largely funded from the extra revenues of the oil industry. Initially General Ali Razmara the current Prime Minister was not successful negotiating a better deal with the British,and could not “persuade the oil company of the strength of nationalist feeling in the country and in the Majlis”(Iran Chamber). Surprisingly later the British owned AIOC (Anglo-Iranian Oil Company) proposed a fifty-fifty profit share, and soon sentiment for the nationalization of oil spread throughout the people. at the same time an assassination attempt on the Shah, or King of Iran encouraged him to take an increasing role in politics to increase his power. He organizes Iran Constituent Assembly and establishes The Senate of Iran to amend the constitution and increase his power. When Mosadegh saw the Shah attempting to increase his power he knew it was against the democracy he was working towards so he quickly assembled a coalition of political parties, opponents, and anyone sympathetic to his cause creating the National Front. By 1951 the National Front had a majority of the seats in the Majlis and the Prime Minister General Ali Razmara was assassinated, leaving Mosadegh to be appointed the new Prime Minister by the Shah who saw his increasing popularity troubling. Mosadegh and the Shah were very opposed to each other and Mosadegh wanted him to be a ceremonial ruler instead of the politically involved monarch he was. Due to this extreme detestation of Mosadegh the Shah replaced him with Ahmad Qavam, but due to widespread protest from Mosadegh’s removal of power the Shah reappointed him. Then in late 1951 in a almost unanimous vote The Majlis voted to approve the oil nationalizing agreement. This bill was increasingly popular among the majority of Iranians, but was especially abhorred with the British.”Despite Mosadegh’s popular support, Britain was unwilling to negotiate its single most valuable foreign asset, and instigated a worldwide boycott of Iranian oil to pressure Iran economically”(Hap).This boycott created the Abadan Crisis,which was in the Iranian port city of Abadan and also the site of the largest oil refineries where tens of thousands of people were employed, and it was regarded as one of the Largest over sea assets by the British. The Abadan Crisis was created by a blockade of British ships that crippled the Iranian oil industry. Soon afterwards Britain went to the International Court with their claims against nationalization, but lost. The blockade of Iranian oil was destroying the economy and people hopes were beginning to drop since the lack of a working oil industry was not delivering the promise of wealth being returned to the people. By 1953 Mosadegh’s national Front seats in The Majlis were resigning and in an attempt to ensure that nationalization of Iranian oil would continue he grew more and more autocratic. Then a Referendum to dissolve the Iranian Parliament was passed with a 99.9% approval rating, it was obviously rigged in Mosadegh’s favor. Continuing his attempt to keep oil nationalized he dissolved parliament, stripping away the power of the Shah, and made him and his cabinet the rulers of the country.The dissolution of Parliament and his rise to absolute power was the initial reason for the US and Britain to stage a coup état in Iran. The leader of Operation TPAJAX was “Kermit Roosevelt, Jr., a senior CIA agent, and grandson of the former U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt”(Hap), but the operation was designed and executed by Donald Wilber. The British and U.S. selected Fazlollah Zahedi, also known as General Zahedi, who helped Reza Shah reunify Iran previously. The CIA and MI6 went to Nicosia in Cyprus to discuss the planning of the coup, they had General Zahedi as their ally, but were reluctant to persuade the Shah. In the meeting in Nicosia “The British said they had recruited two brothers named Rashidian. The Americans, the secret history discloses, did not trust the British and lied about the identity of their best "assets" inside Iran”(Iran chamber). In Tehran the CIA began passing out anti-Mosadegh propaganda, planting anti-Mosadegh articles in popular newspapers, and used any anti-Mosadegh media to discredit him and his cause. Unfortunately for the U.S. and Britain the Shah was very uncooperative from the beginning, he was to stand up to Mosadegh while the CIA and MI6 were to circulate anti-Mosadegh Propaganda. The initial plan was to create unrest among the people almost to the point of utter chaos and then use the Shah’s degree to dismiss Mosadegh and appoint General Zahedi as Prime Minister. To persuade the Shah the CIA went to Princess Ashraf in France to tell the Shah to come back to Iran and to follow the CIA’s lead. To discredit his support CIA operatives posing as Communists, from the controversial Tudeh Party that supported Mosadegh, bombed significant Muslims’ houses in Iran. The CIA also paid people to write newspaper articles attacking Mosadegh to try to add to their plan to create unrest so the Shah has an environment where he can seize power from Mosadegh. Eventually after relentless efforts of the U.S. the Shah accepted their proposal to help overthrow Mosadegh. Rapidly throughout the army officers backing General Zahedi word spread that the Shah had signed the Decree stating that he would support an army led coup. On the first day of the coup disaster struck when a loquacious Iranian officer compromised the mission when he mentioned the plans of the coup. Word quickly spread to Mosadegh and he became fully aware of the plans to overthrow his government. Chief of Staff, General Taghi Riahi who was still loyal to Mosadegh sent out an officer to the barracks for the Imperial Guard. as the officer was going to the barracks, he was arrested by pro-Shah soldiers who came to arrest other significant officials of Mosadegh’s government, but General Riahi was able to stay away from the pro-Shah soldiers and rally troops to the side of Mosadegh. The next day it was announced that the coup was a failure, Mosadegh was still Prime Minister. Even though the Shah had made a second Decree it had still failed so the Shah made a last attempt in Bagdad to rally the people for the Shah, but once again disappointed the CIA and fell short . After everything failed miserably the people of Tehran changed their minds, the Shah’s degree was finally published in Iranian newspapers in Tehran. Pro-Shah rallies marched across Iran gathering support and strength rapidly. When the CIA got word of this unexpected turn of events they told their operatives to "swing the security forces to the side of the demonstrators”(Iran chamber). After gaining control of the Tehran radio pro-Shah speakers took turns speaking in favor of him instead of the current government. Soon after, Mosadegh and other government officials were rounded up and arrested.“Yes, my sin - my greater sin... and even my greatest sin is that I nationalized Iran’s oil industry and discarded the system of political and economic exploitation by the world’s greatest empire. This at the cost to myself, my family; and at risk of losing my life, my honor, and my prosperity. With God’s blessing and the will of the people, I fought this savage and dreadful system of international espionage and colonialism. ...I am well aware that my fate must serve as an example in the future throughout the Middle East in breaking the chains of slavery and servitude to colonial interests.” (In his military trial on December 19, 1953)After Mosadegh was removed from power for the next 26 years The Shah ruled, but unlike the pre-Mosadegh government where he was a constitutional monarch, weakened by the constitution the U.S. and Britain gave him absolute power in Iran making him increasingly autocratic. Many Iranians had extreme feelings of detestation for American and British Intervention in Iran’s attempt of a Democracy. Soon afterwards he began letting the oil flow once more under the control of Britain,U.S., The Netherlands, and France. To enforce his increasingly authoritarian regime, he created the Savak, a CIA and Mossad trained police force that oppressed and opposition to the Shah’s rule. He would torture and imprisoned anyone who dared to stand against him, he crushed political opposition with extreme prejudice. He also forced a White Revolution that started an extensive modernization and westernization plan. He gave women's rights, but was ultimately there to serve the elite creating an even wider gap between the rich and the poor. There was a minor industrial revolution as a result of the White Revolution, and the Trans-Iranian Railway was expanded. Enrollment in school quadrupled, the literacy rate grew rapidly. Economic reforms that were made to help the peasantry ultimately served to make the rich richer and the poor unable to keep up. The gap between rich and poor grew over four times and land reformations that were aimed for the poor helped the wealthy.“the landowning Thousand Families, including the tribal chiefs, lost their socio-legal base and were thus liquidated as a class. Though many of its members retained large holdings of land and became mechanized commercial farmers, joining the petro-bourgeoisie in the prosperity of the 1970s, and many even remained in the Pahlavi political elite, there can be no doubt that the traditional peasant-landlord relationship which was the power basis of the landowning class and accounted for its prominence in the Majlis, was destroyed. Furthermore, by failing to give any or enough land to the majority of the peasants, the land reform accelerated the massive migration from the rural areas into the cities”(Reynolds).His reforms were fundamentally flawed and were not helping the peasants. The Shah’s White Revolution was trying to exterminate Islam in a country where ninety percent of the population was Islamic.Soon again protests against the Shah’s reform plans rioted in the streets and demanded that he leave. The exile Ayatollah Khomeini distributed Islamic cassettes and other forms of media that eventually made its way to Iran contributed to the fall of the Shah during the Islamic Revolution in 1979. Ayatollah Khomeini in his exile created his chant of “death to America”(مرگ بر آمریکا Marg bar Amrika). Also while Ayatollah Khomeini was in exile spread his message of hate towards America and the Shah trying to use the emotions of the people of Iran being oppressed by the Shah’s authority. Later in post 1979 Iran, Ayatollah Khomeini does a similar course of action and creates an oppressive theocratic regime.The coup état that removed Prime Minister Mosadegh from power will always be remembered in Iranian History as they day Iran’s freedom was sold for their vast oil reserves of Iran. In the years leading up to the 1953 coupe état, revolutionary, Mosadegh nationalized Iranian oil with an almost unanimous vote and resistance to the British owned Anglo-Iranian Oil Company,later being a threat to British interest in the Region he was removed from power, and then it led to decades of American resentment and political tyranny. A political figure who was in a world that was not ready for a democratic Iran, Mosadegh will always be known as a hero of Iran.if there is any incorrect information in this i apologize.

God's own Kampus- IIM KozhikodeImagine having the best (well, at least for more than 90% of the people!) kampus amongst all other IIMs or B-Schools and not being able to live it. The pain is real. After being waitlisted for IIMK, I had left my hopes and was ready to join IIMKsp (Kashipur) when suddenly one day after anticipating much about the waitlist movement, I get a mail reading, “Congratulations you have been provisionally selected for admission to the Post Graduate Program in Management (2020–22) at Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode”My heart skipped a beat and I was numb. I finally thought, “aab badalo mey class karengey” (I'll attend classes in the clouds). While the Covid-19 cases were still peaking, I was optimistic that they'll call us at the Kampus.Fast forward to Aug 13, 2020, The first day (virtually) at IIMK, was nothing short of fun. After the tiring section wars, it was time to get serious for the classes. My first day had just two classes- FMI and OME. Well, it was fun (at least at the start) got to learn new things, and was enjoying. We got added to multiple whatsapp groups with seniors, batchmates and thus began the journey of 'networking'. Anyways, it was not much hectic that day, but in the coming days, you literally don't get sleep! (I'll let you assume the pressure)Adding to it, I wrote a poem because of my excitement for day 1-It was an emotional day for me. Getting into your dream college is always a big thing and for me it was nothing short of the biggest achievement of my life so far!To sum it up, the first days are always special whatever be the medium. I am hoping things ease out in the coming days and I could write on “How was your first day at IIMK physically!”P.s. You die in your Term 1 of MBA at IIMs!

Numbers in Nahuatl, a native language (or language family) of central Mexico, once spoken by the Aztec Empire and still spoken by a million or so people, show at least traces of a base 5 system. Here are the numbers 1 to 10 as I learned them (they might be different in different dialects):1: Ce2: Ome3: Eyi4: Nahui5: Macuili6: Chicuace7: Chicome8: Chicueyi9: Chicnahui10: MahtlactliYou can see that the numbers 6 through 9 are basically the numbers 1 through 4 with the prefix chiuc- stuck on the front. I assume that chiuc- means “five”, although it doesn’t look like the word for five, macuili. According to Wiktionary, chiuc- might come from chico, “to one side”, or in other words “the fingers you have on one side; fingers of one hand.”Macuili and mahtlactli both contain the root ma-, which I was taught came from maitl, “hand”. So macuili would mean something like “what you have on one hand” and mahtlactli would be “what you have on two hands”. (Wiktionary agrees with me: macuilli may combine maitl, “hand”, with cui, “to take; to hold”, and mahtlactli seems to be maitl, “hand”, plus tlactli, “torso; trunk”, i.e. “the complete set of hands that you have on your torso.”)So the numbers are basically “one, two, three, four, taken hand, side+one, side+two, side+three, side+four, hands of your torso.”I had forgotten the higher numbers up to now, but they also have an underlying base-5 structure:11: Mahtlactli once12: Mahtlactli omome13: Mahtlactli omeyi14: Mahtlactli onnahui15: Caxtolli16: Caxtolli once17: Caxtolli omome18: Caxtolli omeyi19: Caxtolli onnahui20: CempohualliYou can see that 11 through 14 are just “10+1, 10+2, 10+3, 10+4”, with om- as the conjunction that in this case means “plus”, more or less. I can’t find an etymology for caxtolli; it just means “fifteen”. And then 16 through 19 are just “15+1, 15+2, 15+3, 15+4”. Twenty is cempohualli, which is ce-, our root for “one”, plus pohualli, “tally; count; act of counting”. So twenty is “one count”. Forty is ompohualli, “two counts”, sixty is yeipohualli, “three counts”, eighty is nappohualli, “four counts”, and so on.So Nahuatl is said to have a vigesimal number system, i.e. one with a base of twenty. But “within” that base, you could argue that there’s a base-five system, with roots for one, two, three, and four, compounded to roots for five, ten, fifteen, and twenty.On an unrelated note, while looking up sources for Nahuatl numbers, I also found that Khmer has a base-five number system. See Khmer numerals:1: muoy2: pir3: bei4: buon5: pram6: pram muoy7: pram pir8: pram bey9: pram buon10: dab11: dab muoy12: dab pir13: dab bei14: dab buon15: dab pram16: dab pram muoy17: dab pram pir18: dab pram bey19: dab pram buon20: mphey(There are several ways to transliterate Khmer; I hope mine isn’t too bad here!) So again, as in Nahuatl, you have roots for 1, 2, 3, and 4, compounded with roots for 5, 10, and 20.