Oklahoma Fishing License Application: Fill & Download for Free

Yes, if you go through these steps and follow the law.A. Except as otherwise provided for in this title, no person may breed, possess or raise native wildlife, except fish, amphibians, aquatic reptiles, aquatic invertebrates or exotic livestock, for commercial purposes without having first procured a license for such from the Director.B. No person licensed under this section may sell cats specified in subsection D of this section or bears to any person who does not possess a commercial wildlife breeder's license or noncommercial wildlife breeder's license.C. Such license may be issued to any person whom the Director believes to be acting in good faith, and whom he believes does not intend to use such license for the purpose of violating any of the laws of the State of Oklahoma, and who proves that the brood stock he uses will be obtained in a lawful manner.D. Without exception, any person shall be licensed under this section who keeps or maintains on premises any bear or cat that will grow to reach the weight of fifty (50) pounds or more and shall at all times keep such wildlife confined, controlled and restrained in such manner so the life, limb or property of any person lawfully entering such premises shall not be endangered.E. The fees for a license under this section, and all renewals of such license, shall be Forty-eight Dollars ($48.00).F. Any person convicted of violating the provisions of this section shall be punished by a fine of not less than One Hundred Dollars ($100.00); and, if applicable, shall have his wildlife license revoked. No such person whose license has been revoked shall be eligible to obtain a new license until after the date on which the revoked license would have expired.

"When you look at a wind turbine, you can find the bird carcasses and count them. With a coal-fired power plant, you can't count the carcasses, but it's going to kill a lot more birds." - John Flicker, National Audubon Society, president.Sibley and Monroe estimated that there are about 9,703 species of birds[x]. They are found on all major land masses and over the oceans. Total populations are difficult to estimate due to seasonal fluctuations but Sibley & Monroe accepted that there are between 100 and 200 billion adult birds in the world. Kevin Gaston and Tim Blackburn[xi] doubled that estimate with 200 to 400 billion. Birds are killed by wind turbines and solar installations, but it turns out that the numbers of birds already killed by pollution from oil and gas, buildings, high tension lines, vehicles, cats, dogs and pesticides are so much greater that there is clearly a perception twist going on here, which is likely deliberate. This is not to say that we should be complacent about bird deaths. It’s a universally accepted fact that all parties are against any kind of animal mortality as a result of our energy activities. The presentation of it though, ought to be based on the factual wider context of bird deaths from other causes. The Altamont pass was one of the first locations in the U.S. that was preserved for wind power due to the excellent winds funneled by the hills. At the time bird deaths were not on the minds of the individuals who created this wind resource.BIRD DEATHS FROM DIFFERENT CAUSESBird deaths from different causes, showing that wind turbines are the least of threats among many. Source, Bloomberg New Energy Finance, U.S. Forestry Service. Not included in this chart are numbers of bird deaths caused by pollution and climate change which are responsible for the ongoing 6th extinction event.Even institutions who are protective of birds, the National Audubon Society, the U.S. Forest Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Wildlife Society all have commissioned studies that result in the same conclusions afforded by the above chart.Bird deaths by wind turbines do not remotely compare with the impact of cats, cars, power lines or buildings. As wind power increases its penetration however, its currently small impact on birds will grow less than proportionately as operators learn how to avoid avian mortality by siting, colors on blades, kick in speeds and other methods. Perception of bird deaths can halt wind turbine installations during the public planning phase and then effective resistance can scuttle installation plans. It turns out though, that wind turbines are responsible for only 1 in every 10,000 bird deaths.Small birds are killed in the millions by housecats while wind turbine casualties tend to be relatively larger bird species. Bigger birds, normally not the direct target of a housecat, like the protected Bald Eagles and other birds of prey, are more likely to be killed by a wind turbine than by a cat. Balanced against this must be the effect of coal and oil on birds mentioned in the earlier solar report. Many energy technologies apparently are bad for birds, but wind and solar are far from being the worst culprits. In 2013 a study[xii] by Smallwood indicated that the estimates of wind turbine bird deaths may be understated for three reasons. Estimates of bird deaths by wind turbines depended on counting carcasses found under the turbines. It was entirely possible that searches were done in less than efficient ways and in inadequate search radiuses. Additionally, carcasses could easily be removed by predators and his bird death estimate was 573,000, slightly higher than others.A 2005 study by the USDA Forest Service, was an early indication that wind turbines were a very small impact on overall bird populations.[xiii] The National Audubon Society produced a study[xiv], funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, in September, 2014 which took seven years to finish and which looked closely at 588 of the total 800 species of bird found in North America. 314 of these species are threatened in some way with a loss of environment by the end of the century. Climate change (therefore CONG) is blamed for effectively potentially destroying the ecosystem for 28 species. This data is not included in the chart above in Figure 31. The Bald Eagle and state mascots are at serious risk due to climate change which reduces the bird’s range and alters the lifecycle of their food sources. Bird mortality from fossil fuel pollution and climate change represents a far higher risk than wind turbines as far as the Audubon Society is concerned.A recent study[xv] by the North American Bird Conservation Initiative (NABCI), highlighted climate and environmental impacts on 1,154 native bird species in North America, Canada, the U.S. and Mexico. The study was compiled by experts from all three countries and accounted for population trends and breeding ranges as well as the severity of threats. Due to changes in the environment, caused by man, birds in every habitat, but especially oceans and tropical forests are of highest conservation concern. In geological-time terms, these species-level impacts are happening in a human instant. 432 species merit a level of “high concern” due to declining populations and habitat loss and climate change. Species with long migration paths have suffered 70% losses in the last 50 years. We are all familiar with some famous bird species that have gone extinct such as the Dodo, the Great Auk, the Emu and of course the Passenger Pidgeon mentioned below. The oldest international nature conservation group, BirdLife International says that since the year 1500, 140 bird species have found extinction, and 22 of those in the last 50 years[xvi]. The rates of extinction are accelerating.I want to use evocative language here. The legacy of the Earth’s embrace of life and its eager occupation of different environments is something I believe we can so much better appreciate, since we are intimately a part of that process. We are part of a huge evolutionary, life miracle that we are only just now beginning to explore. Previous estimates for the number of species on Earth ranged from 3 to 100 million. PLos Biology published a report[xvii] in 2011 which was written by the Census of Marine Life scientists. It established a more accurate estimate of 8.74 million species on Earth of which 7.77 million are animals (only 953,4343 described). They used statistical methods to provide a more realistic estimate which nonetheless gave an error level of +/- 1.3 million. Bacteria and other small organisms were not counted. 86% of all land creatures and 91% of ocean creatures have yet to be identified. Only 1.2 million species have been officially registered in the Catalogue of Life and the World Register of Marine Species. The detail of the success of the DNA molecule in evolving all these species in this life encouraging Earthly environment over billions of years will never be properly appreciated, but it is at risk from our misadventure with the chemical legacy of CONG and our despoliation of habitats, both marine and terrestrial. We know more about the 22 million books in the Library of Congress than we know about our fellow species on Earth. We are also putting many species in danger of extinction because of the use of fossil fuels in what’s been termed the 6th great extinction level event, currently underway.Another great perspective on this is the work of a collector of natural sounds, Bernie Krause[xviii] who has spent decades capturing the sounds of nature around the world in places as far afield as Alaska and the Amazon, the Arctic and Fiji, the Great Plains and Mexico’s Chihuahuan grasslands. He also has an astonishing TED talk[xix] in which he describes how he separates sound into geophony; or wind, water and Earth sounds, biophany; the sounds of natural organisms and anthrophany; predictably the sounds of human noise. What he has recently discovered is very sobering. Recordings taken in the 1970’s compared to recordings taken in the same location today show declines or disappearance of species. Nature is going silent over the Anthropocene. John Bakeless, in his book on discovering America[xx], talks about how early explorers were acutely interested in the sound of nature and developed a faculty of listening and observing to identify birds and insects. I remember our guide, on the last day of a 10 day Colorado river rafting expedition on the calmer 60 miles of the Colorado River just prior to Lake Mead, asking all 28 of the rafters to sit for 30 minutes and listen carefully to nature and then exchange what they had heard. Indeed, there was a sudden realization of insects buzzing, water chirping under the raft, wind in the leaves of trees, echoes of sounds around rock walls and birds, distant and close, calling for myriad purposes of alarm, food or connection. My point here is that while human impacts on the Earth’s wildlife are currently very severe because of our chemical CONG energy impacts, moving to renewable energy reverses the situation over time, even if there are more humans around.Birds are famously victims of the huge wind turbine blades. This is certainly true and although bird fatalities from the house cat, vehicles and building windows account for literally millions or billions more, it doesn’t excuse the wind turbine’s effects impact. Efforts are made to relocate turbines out of birds’ migration paths. Also, most song birds migrate flying at a height of 2,000 to 4,000 feet, well above the tallest wind turbines, at least so far. There is a very disturbing YouTube video of a large, elegant bird of prey being struck down by such a rotating blade[xxi]. In an awful European case, there was the death of a rare swift, the White-throated Needletail, the world’s fastest flying bird[xxii]. The poor exhausted creature was spotted by a group of 30 birdwatchers who had made a special trip to the isle of Harris in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. The sighting was only the 9th time that the bird had been seen since 1846, in Essex, UK. The last time it had been seen at all was 1991. The assembled enthusiasts assembled in the appropriate location and waited for hours before being rewarded by sighting the bird. They were summarily horrified to see the rare bird, which had flown all the way from Australia, perhaps several times, knocked down and killed by the rotating blade of a wind turbine.[xxiii]Between 2004 and 2009 in Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas, just 85, unprotected, migratory birds were deemed to have died due to exposure to oil and gas facilities owned by Exxon Mobil. The Justice Department fined the company $600,000 or about $7,000 for each bird killed.Exxon pleaded guilty and cooperated with the department spending a further $2.5 million to clean up the sites. It turned out that the fine was equal to twenty minutes of Exxon’s profits, based on $8.6 billion earnings for the first half of 2009[xxiv]. Other fossil fuel companies have been fined. BP paid $100 million for the impact of its 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill on migratory birds. Pacificorp, which operates coal fired power stations, paid $500,000 in 2009 after 232 eagles along power distribution lines between its substations were found to have been electrocuted.[xxv]Wind farms started to kill birds on a regular basis prompting calls of hypocrisy against those claiming that wind was an environmental solution. Wind farms have been fined for killing birds too, however. Duke Energy was fined $1 million for the deaths of 14 eagles and 149 other birds, including hawks, blackbirds, wrens and sparrows, between 2009 and 2013. Duke were also called upon to restore and do community service (how do you ask a large utility to do that!) and were placed on 5 years of probation while they put together an environmental compliance plan to prevent bird deaths. Interestingly, Duke then applied for a permit to kill eagles, to help provide a context within which the system can absorb the inevitability of bird deaths. Another group, the Wind Capital Group applied for such a license only to be embroiled in an argument over its granting, by the Osage Nation in opposition. Many applications for this license have been filed. Environmentalists complain bitterly when President Obama’s administration, eager for non-polluting wind power, announced a new federal rule that allows wind farms to lawfully kill birds of prey.There is some evidence that birds change their behavior when in the presence of wind farms. Lowther in 1998 discovered that studying a 22-turbine wind farm in Wales, UK, no birds were killed by the turbine and in fact they were seen to have shifted their activity to a different location. Some wind farms have no bird fatalities at all. A study[xxvi] published in the Journal of Applied Ecology by Pawel Plonczkier and Ian Simms monitored migrating flocks of pink-footed geese using radar as they returned during migration to the shores of Lincolnshire, UK. Monitoring the movement of the birds over 4 years from 2007 to 2010, established that two new wind farms effectively caused the geese to change their flight paths. The proportion of goose flocks flying outside the wind farm locations climbed from 52% to 81% in this time and even geese flying through the windfarm area had increased their altitude to climb above the turbines.An Australian online group called RenewEconomy had an article which summarizes the whole bird situation quite nicely called “Want to save 70 million birds a year? Build more wind farms”, drawing attention to the impact of CONG on birds. Replacing all fossil fuel worldwide, it says, would save about 70 million birds a year establishing wind farms as a strong net benefit for birds. Author Mike Bernard[xxvii] explains that wind farms kill less than 0.0001 percent of birds killed by human activities annually out of a total 1.5% of human caused mortality.Bats and Barotrauma - The other species which more recently became synonymous with death by wind turbine blade is bats. Most of the damage is done to migratory bat species in the autumn. Bats are famously known for their ability to echo locate hard objects in their local environment, such as tree branches or cave walls, and even insects on the wing while they are feeding. They can detect moving objects better than stationary objects so the high death rate from wind turbine blades was puzzling. Several explanations were proposed but 90% of the bat fatalities involved internal hemorrhaging just as might be expected with damage caused by sudden air pressure changes.Birds have a more resistant respiratory anatomy and are killed by being hit by the blades, whereas the bats do avoid the blades, but come so close that pressure changes around the blades cause the damage to their lungs. The mammals have larger, flexible lungs and hearts. Birds have compact, rigid lungs with very strong pulmonary capillaries which can resist the higher-pressure changes, even though the blood/gas barriers are thinner than those of the bats. An airfoil on a plane pushes against the wind but a wind turbine blade is moved by the wind. In either case, the airfoil cross section causes significant differences in air pressure. The greatest area of low pressure exists at the fast moving (approximately 180 mph) tip of the blade and cascades downwind from the moving blade. A zone of low pressure can cause a bat’s lungs to expand causing tissue damage, or barotrauma.A study[xxviii] was paid for by fossil fuel companies like Suncor and Shell, but also from wind turbine companies such as TransAlta Wind and Alberta Wind Energy Corporation as well as academic institutions. They found bat bodies from hoary and silver-haired bats killed at a wind farm in south western Alberta, Canada and examined them for internal injuries. Of 188 bat bodies collected, 87 had no external physical injury. Very few bats had external injuries without internal bleeding.In 2012, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory conducted pressure studies[xxix] on mice, which were used because they are a close approximation to bats and discovered that pressures of only 1.4 kilopascals (kPa) were experienced by the bats at the blade tips in 11 mph winds but that it took 30 kPa to cause fatality in mice. There was no suggestion by NREL for an alternative cause of death however. At low windspeeds the pressures are even lower and yet it is at the low speeds that the bats fly which further confuses the issue.[i] Wind energy is considered a disaster responding to the hoax of climate change in this vociferous website which of course also discusses wind turbine syndrome. Available at: What is Wind Turbine Syndrome?[ii] The Caithness Windfarm Information Forum. Available at: Caithness Windfarm Information Forum[iii] RenewableUK. A leading renewable energy trade association. Available at: http://www.renewableuk.com/en/events/conferences-and-exhibitions/renewableuk-2015/[iv] Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy. Available at: Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy[v] Available at: LiveLeak.com - Two Dead in Windmill Fire[vi] David Wahl, Philippe Giguere. Ice Shedding and Ice Throw – Risk and Mitigation. Wind Application Engineering. GE Energy. Available at: http://www.cbuilding.org/sites/cbi.drupalconnect.com/files/ger4262.pdf[vii] Cattin et al. Wind Turbine Ice Throw Studies in the Swiss Alps. EWEC 2007. Based on studies of a 600 kW Enercon E-40 at 2,300 mASL in Swiss Alps[viii] Summary of Wind Turbine Accident Data to 30 September 2014. PDF. Caithness Windfarm Information Forum.[ix] Payback time for renewable energy. NREL factsheet. Available at: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/57131.pdf[x] Sibley and Monroe. 1992.[xi] Kevin J. Gaston and Tim M. Blackburn. April 1997. How many birds are there? Available at: How many birds are there?[xii] K. Shawn Smallwood, “Comparing bird and bat fatality-rate estimates among North American wind-energy projects”, Wildlife Society Bulletin, 26 Mar. 2013. Available at: Comparing bird and bat fatality-rate estimates among North American wind-energy projects[xiii] Wallace P. Erickson, Gregory D. Johnson and David P. Young Jr. A Summary and Comparison of Bird Mortality from Anthropogenic Causes with an Emphasis on Collisions. USDA Forest Service. PSW-GTR-191. 2005. Available at: http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr191/Asilomar/pdfs/1029-1042.pdf[xiv] Erickson WP, Wolfe MM, Bay KJ, Johnson DH, Gehring JL (2014) A Comprehensive Analysis of Small-Passerine Fatalities from Collision with Turbines at Wind Energy Facilities. PLoS ONE 9(9): e107491. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107491[xv] State of North America's Birds 2016. North American Bird Conservation Initiative. Available at: Main Results[xvi] BirdLife International (2014) We have lost over 150 bird species since 1500. Presented as part of the BirdLife State of the world's birds website. Available from: BirdLife Data Zone[xvii] PLos Biology published a report in 2011 which was written by the Census of Marine Life scientists. Available to: How Many Species Are There on Earth and in the Ocean?[xviii] Bernie Krause. A recorder of natural sounds in many global habitats. Available at: The World's Disappearing Natural Sound[xix] Bernie Krause. TED Talk. The voice of the natural world. TEDGlobal 2013 · 14:48 · Filmed Jun 2013. Available at: The voice of the natural world[xx] John Bakeless. America As Seen by Its First Explorers: The Eyes of Discovery. Dover Language Books & Travel Guides. Paperback – January 20, 2011. Available at: America As Seen by Its First Explorers: The Eyes of Discovery (Dover Language Books & Travel Guides): John Bakeless: 0800759260317: Amazon.com: Books[xxi] Bald Eagle seriously injured by wind turbine. Available at: Bird killed by green energy[xxii] The White Throated Needletail death on YouTube. Geobeats news service. July 1, 2013. Available at: Rare Bird Killed by Wind Turbine in Front of Horrified Spectators[xxiii] Rare swift killed by Scottish wind turbine. Available at: Birdwatchers see rare bird killed by wind turbine[xxiv] Exxon Mobil pleads guilty to bird deaths. Available at: ExxonMobil pleads guilty to killing birds[xxv] BP and Pacificorp pay fines for killing birds. Available at: The Obama Administration Is Ignoring The Massacre Of Thousands Of Hawks, Falcons, And Eagles Every Year[xxvi] Pawel Plonczkier and Ian C. Simms. Journal of Applied Ecology. 2012. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02181.x/epdf[xxvii] Mike Barnard. 10 August, 2012. Want to save 70 million birds a year? Build more wind farms. RenewEconomy. Available at: Want to save 70 million birds a year? Build more wind farms[xxviii] Erin F. Baerwald, Genevieve H. D’Amours, Brandon J. Klug and Robert M.R. Barclay. Barotrauma is a significant cause of bat fatalities at wind turbines.[xxix] “NREL Study Finds Barotrauma Not Guilty”, November 27, 2012. Available at: http://www.nrel.gov/wind/news/2013/2149.html[xxx] Germany has 74% of its power supplied by renewable energy. 2014. Available at: For One Hour, Germany Was Powered By 74% Renewables - Gas 2[xxxi] Information supplied by Agora Energiewende, a research institute in Berlin, showed that Germany’s demand for electricity was almost 100% supplied by renewable energy including a large amount of wind on the 15th May, 2016. Available at: Germany Just Got Almost All of Its Power From Renewable Energy[xxxii] Posthumous pardons of First World War shellshock victims. Available on: Pardoned: the 306 soldiers shot at dawn for 'cowardice'[xxxiii] Information Paper: Evidence on Wind Farms and Human Health. February 2015. PDF. National Health and Medical Research Council. Available at: http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/eh57a_information_paper.pdf[xxxiv] Ian Clark, William N. Alexander, William J. Devenport, Stewart A. Glegg, Justin Jaworski, Conor Daly, and Nigel Peake. "Bio-Inspired Trailing Edge Noise Control", 21st AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, AIAA AVIATION Forum, (AIAA 2015-2365). Available at: Bio-Inspired Trailing Edge Noise Control[xxxv] UK Renewable Energy Roadmap. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/48128/2167-uk-renewable-energy-roadmap.pdf[xxxvi] Positive environmental impacts of offshore wind farms. European Wind Energy Association. Available at: http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/files/members-area/information-services/offshore/research-notes/120801_Positive_environmental_impacts.pdf

It is very, very complex. There are hundreds of tribes with courts and each is a little different.The general rule is that States have no jurisdiction over the activities of Indians and tribes in Indian country. Basically the principal is the land and jurisdiction was before the existence of the states or territories, in many cases. What they have is the land remaining after the ceded the rest by forced treaty or land given ins compensation of what they ceded. The tribal courts cover some laws and then the federal courts cover the rest. The land is held in trust for the tribes by the federal government so they have the responsibility of administering justice. The tribal lands are NOT state lands. But, it depends a great deal on what state and what reservation you are on. Just as is true in the rest of the US, most law and courts are is different from place to place. General Rules Criminal Jurisdiction in Indian CountryGenerally, tribal courts have civil jurisdiction over Indians and non-Indians who either reside or do business on federal Indian reservations. They also have criminal jurisdiction over violations of tribal laws committed by tribal members residing or doing business on the reservation. It depends a lot on who the victim and perpetrator are (tribal or not) and on what tribal land it happened. The latest numbers of enrolled triabl members who might be under a courts jurisdiction is they were living on the reservation is 12 years out of date. In 2005 the total number of enrolled members of the (then) 561 federally recognized tribes was shown to be less than half the Census number, or 1,978,099. There are now 567 tribes and the population has grown, probably above 2.1 million. Most, however, do not live on Indian lands and thus would only be effected by this when they visit. About 60–70% don’t live on reservation lands.Tribal courts are responsible for appointing guardians, determining competency, awarding child support from Individual Indian Money (IIM) accounts, determining paternity, sanctioning adoptions, marriages, and divorces, making presumptions of death, and adjudicating claims involving trust assets. There are approximately 225 tribes that contract or compact with the BIA to perform the Secretary’s adjudicatory function and 23 Courts of Indian Offenses (also known as CFR courts) which exercise federal authority. The Indian Tribal Justice Act of 1993 (P.L. 103-176, 107 Stat. 2005) supports tribal courts in becoming, along with federal and state courts, well-established dispensers of justice in Indian Country.There are Also CFR courts (Code of Federal Regulations).After the reservations in Oklahoma were opened by land runs to non-Indian homesteading, and federal Indian policy sought to weaken tribal governments and break up tribal land holdings, the courts over time lost their funding and consequently ceased to function. With the void in the enforcement of tribal law, the state began to assert its authority over the remaining tribal and allotted Indian lands even though no jurisdiction properly existed. In recent decades, the Indian tribes have regained the jurisdiction over these lands and have re-established tribal court systems.The State of Oklahoma once contended that tribal governments had no authority to operate their own justice systems, arguing that the Indian nations had no land remaining under their jurisdictions. Much confusion arose because many thought that tribes only asserted jurisdiction over “reservation” lands. Many people in Oklahoma incorrectly assumed that reservations were terminated at statehood. Recent court decisions have made it clear that tribes assert jurisdiction over all lands that are “Indian country”, including reservations, dependent Indian communities, and Indian allotments. These Indian country lands from the basis of tribal jurisdiction today. Since few Indian tribes had operating judicial systems in place in the late 1970's. When tribal jurisdiction was re-affirmed, the Court of Indian Offenses for the Anadarko Area Tribes now the Southern Plains Region Tribes was created. Courts of Indian Offenses are established throughout the U.S. under the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), providing the commonly used name — the “CFR” Court”. Until such time as a particular Indian tribe establishes their own tribal court, the Court of Indian Offenses will act as a tribe’s judicial system. The only difference between CFR Courts and Tribal Courts is the form of laws they enforce.When the court was re-established in western Oklahoma in 1979, there were four CFR Courts covering eighteen Indian nations. A number of tribes have since established their own systems of justice. Accordingly, the CFR Courts for these tribes have been deactivated. In 1991, a separate CFR Court system was established for Eastern Oklahoma Region Tribes covering eastern Oklahoma, which is headquartered in Muskogee, Oklahoma.One big difference between Tribal courts and other types of state or local courts, is that, as in many places on other lands that are controlled or held in trust by the Federal government, some serious crimes are not dealt with by the local, tribal or state authorities but by the FBI and the Federal courts. This is analogous to what happens with crime is a Federal Park or BLM or Forest land, or on a military base. What crimes on Indian reservations are dealt with by the FBI.“The FBI is responsible for investigating the most serious crimes in Indian Country— such as murder, child sexual and physical abuse, violent assaults, drug trafficking, gaming violations, and public corruption matters. Nationwide, the FBI has investigative responsibilities for some 200 federally recognized Indian reservations. More than 100 agents in 19 of the Bureau’s 56 field offices work Indian Country matters full time.” Indian Country Crime There are 566 federally recognized American Indian Tribes in the United States, and the FBI has federal law enforcement responsibility on nearly 200 Indian reservations. This federal jurisdiction is shared concurrently with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of Justice Services (BIA-OJS).Here is a map of the Indian Country Federal judicial districts. Indian Country in Judicial DistrictsHere is the General Crimes Act (18 USC 1152): This federal statue (enacted in 1817 and set forth below) provides that the federal courts have jurisdiction over interracial crimes committed in Indian country as set forth below:Except as otherwise expressly provided by law, the general laws of the United States as to the punishment of offenses committed in any place within the sole and exclusive jurisdiction of the United States, except in the District of Columbia, shall extend to the Indian Country.This section shall not extend to offenses committed by one Indian against the person or property of another Indian, nor to any Indian committing any offense in the Indian Country who has been punished by the local law of the tribe, or to any case where, by treaty stipulations, the exclusive jurisdiction over such offenses is or may be secured to the Indian tribes respectively.The Major Crimes Act : The Major Crimes Act (enacted following the U.S. Supreme Court’s 1883 Ex Parte Crow Dog decision) provides for federal criminal jurisdiction over seven major crimes when committed by Indians in Indian country. Over time, the original seven offenses have been increased to sixteen offenses currently. So, these crimes are usually prosecuted in Federal District courts.In 1953, Public law 280 was passed. It grants certain states criminal jurisdiction over American Indians on reservations and to allow civil litigation that had come under tribal or federal court jurisdiction to be handled by state courts. However, the law did not grant states regulatory power over tribes or lands held in trust by the United States; federally guaranteed tribal hunting, trapping, and fishing rights; basic tribal governmental functions such as enrollment and domestic relations; nor the power to impose state taxes. These states also may not regulate matters such as environmental control, land use, gambling, and licenses on federal Indian reservations.This changed things in Some states. The states required to assume civil and criminal jurisdiction over federal Indian lands were Alaska (except the Metlakatla Indian Community on the Annette Island Reserve, which maintains criminal jurisdiction), California, Minnesota (except the Red Lake Reservation), Nebraska, Oregon (except the Warm Springs Reservation), and Wisconsin. In addition, the federal government gave up all special criminal jurisdiction in these states over Indian offenders and victims. The states that elected to assume full or partial jurisdiction were Arizona (1967), Florida (1961), Idaho (1963, subject to tribal consent), Iowa (1967), Montana (1963), Nevada (1955), North Dakota (1963, subject to tribal consent), South Dakota (1957-1961), Utah (1971), and Washington (1957-1963).Subsequent acts of Congress, court decisions, and state actions to retrocede jurisdiction back to the Federal Government have muted some of the effects of the 1953 law, and strengthened the tribes’ jurisdiction over civil and criminal matters on their reservations.Here is a summary of who has what jurisdiction: 689. Jurisdictional SummarySummary of which government entity has jurisdiction in various types of scenarios.Where jurisdiction has not been conferred on the stateOffender Victim JurisdictionNon-Indian Non-Indian State jurisdiction is exclusive of federal and tribal jurisdiction.Non-Indian Indian Federal jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 1152 is exclusive of state and tribal jurisdiction.Indian Non-Indian If listed in 18 U.S.C. § 1153, there is federal jurisdiction, exclusive of the state, but probably not of the tribe. If the listed offense is not otherwise defined and punished by federal law applicable in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, state law is assimilated. If not listed in 18 U.S.C. § 1153, there is federal jurisdiction, exclusive of the state, but not of the tribe, under 18 U.S.C. § 1152. If the offense is not defined and punished by a statute applicable within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, state law is assimilated under 18 U.S.C. § 13.Indian Indian If the offense is listed in 18 U.S.C. § 1153, there is federal jurisdiction, exclusive of the state, but probably not of the tribe. If the listed offense is not otherwise defined and punished by federal law applicable in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, state law is assimilated. See section 1153(b). If not listed in 18 U.S.C. § 1153, tribal jurisdiction is exclusive.Non-Indian Victimless State jurisdiction is exclusive, although federal jurisdiction may attach if an impact on individual Indian or tribal interest is clear.Indian Victimless There may be both federal and tribal jurisdiction. Under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, all state gaming laws, regulatory as well as criminal, are assimilated into federal law and exclusive jurisdiction is vested in the United States.Where jurisdiction has been conferred by Public Law 280, 18 U.S.C. § 1162Offender Victim JurisdictionNon-Indian Non-Indian State jurisdiction is exclusive of federal and tribal jurisdiction.Non-Indian Indian "Mandatory" state has jurisdiction exclusive of federal and tribal jurisdiction. "Option" state and federal government have jurisdiction. There is no tribal jurisdiction.Indian Non-Indian "Mandatory" state has jurisdiction exclusive of federal government but not necessarily of the tribe. "Option" state has concurrent jurisdiction with the federal courts.Indian Indian "Mandatory" state has jurisdiction exclusive of federal government but not necessarily of the tribe. "Option" state has concurrent jurisdiction with tribal courts for all offenses, and concurrent jurisdiction with the federal courts for those listed in 18 U.S.C. § 1153.Non-Indian Victimless State jurisdiction is exclusive, although federal jurisdiction may attach in an option state if impact on individual Indian or tribal interest is clear.Indian Victimless There may be concurrent state, tribal, and in an option state, federal jurisdiction. There is no state regulatory jurisdiction.Where jurisdiction has been conferred by another statute Offender Victim JurisdictionNon-Indian Non-Indian State jurisdiction is exclusive of federal and tribal jurisdiction.Non-Indian Indian Unless otherwise expressly provided, there is concurrent federal and state jurisdiction exclusive of tribal jurisdiction.Indian Non-Indian Unless otherwise expressly provided, state has concurrent jurisdiction with federal and tribal courts.Indian Indian State has concurrent jurisdiction with tribal courts for all offenses, and concurrent jurisdiction with the federal courts for those listed in 18 U.S.C. § 1153.Non-Indian Victimless State jurisdiction is exclusive, although federal jurisdiction may attach if impact on individual Indian or tribal interest is clear.Indian Victimless There may be concurrent state, federal and tribal jurisdiction. There is no state regulatory jurisdiction.Each tribe has it’s own tribal traditions; history on its own and with the Federal government; language, culture and philosophy; and resources. Most courts are directly based on American laws and traditions. But a few courts have been experimenting with a more tribal tradition based judicial philosophy.The Navajo Nation Peacemaker Courts are an example of this. They basically work the same as if two parties chose to submit to arbitration.People are not forced into these courts. They follow traditional idea of justice which are not revenge or compensation based as in Northern European traditions but which put a priority on balance and harmony and relationships (Hozho and K’e). The Navajo Nation Peacemaking Program. Here is a booklet on what they do. http://www.navajocourts.org/Peacemaking/Plan/PPPO2013-2-25.pdfHere is a statement of how is works and the goals. It is very different than the Anglo-American legal tradition. There are twelve people who work as Peacemakers in these courts. The Navajo Nation has 300,000 enrolled members and is the size of Belgium and Holland combined so they have 11 districts.Hózhóji Naat’aah (Diné Traditional Peacemaking)Traditional Diné Peacemaking begins in a place of chaos, hóóchx̨o’/anáhóót’i’, whether within an individual or between human beings. Perhaps due to historical trauma, Navajos shy away from face-to-face confrontations. However, such confrontations are vital in order to dispel hóóchx̨o’/anáhóót’i’. The Peacemaker has the courage and skills to provide the groundwork for the person or group to confront hóóchx̨o’/anáhóót’i’ and move toward mastering harmonious existence. Life value engagement with the peacemaker provides the sense of identity and pride from our cultural foundations. Hóóchx̨o’/anáhóót’i’ can block and overwhelm clanship, k’é, which is normally what binds human beings together in mutual respect. Through engagement, the Peacemaker educates, persuades, pleads and cajoles the individual or group toward a readiness to open up, listen, share, and make decisions as a single unit using k’é. When hóóchx̨o’/anáhóót’i’ is confronted, people may learn there is a choice to leave it. When harmony, hózh̨̨ó, is self-realized, sustaining it will have clarity and permanent hózh̨̨ó will be self-attainable, hózh̨ǫ́ójí k’ehgo nįná’íldee’ iłhááhodidzaa ná’oodzíí’.Through stories and teachings, the Peacemaker dispenses knowledge, naat'áánii, in order to guide the whole toward a cathartic understanding of hózh̨̨ó that opens the door to transformative healing. The flow of hózh̨̨ó is a movement inwards toward the core issue or underlying truth. Recognition of this truth and the ending of denial provide the opportunity for healing or mutual mending. Realization of the truth occurs when individual feelings are fundamentally satisfied. The resolution of damaged feelings is the core material of peacemaking sessions, hózh̨óji naat’aah. Depending on the skill of the Peacemaker, hózh̨̨ó may be short or may take several peacemaking sessions.The Dynamics of Navajo PeacemakingLiving Traditional Justicehttp://commission-on-legal-pluralism.com/volumes/44/nielsen-art.pdfIndigenous Justice Systems and Tribal SocietyHere is a list of the different tribal courts in the US. They are in 31 of the 50 states. Justice Systems of Indian NationsAlabamaPoarch Band of Creek IndiansPoarch Band of Creek Indians Tribal Court5811 Jacksprings, Atmore, AL 36502AlaskaAlaska Tribal Judges AssociationThere are 79 Alaskan Native tribal villiage courts. There are more in development. This booklet has maps of where they are and lists of what issues they deal with. There are some that are not in this directory —- 2012 Alaska Tribal Court DirectoryCentral Council Tlingit & Haida Indian Tribes of AlaskaCentral Council Tlingit and Haida Judicial Branch320 W. Willoughby Ave., Ste. 300, Juneau, AK 99801Ninilchik Village TribeNinilchik Tribal CourtP.O. Box 39070, Ninilchik, AK 99639ArizonaAk-Chin Indian CommunityAk-Chin Indian Community Tribal Court47314 W. Farrell Road, Maricopa, AZ 85139Cocopah Indian TribeCocopah Tribal Court14515 S. Veteran’s Drive, Sommerton, AZ 85350Colorado River Indian TribesColorado River Indian Tribal CourtP.O. Box 3428, Parker, AZ 85344Fort McDowell Yavapai NationFort McDowell Tribal Court10755 North Fort McDowell Road, Ste. 1, Fort McDowell, AZ 85264Fort Mojave Indian TribeFort Mojave TribeS. Highway 95, Mojave Valley, AZ 86440Gila River Indian CommunityGila River Indian Community Judicial Branch721 W. Seed Farm Rd., P.O. Box 368, Sacaton, AZ 85147Havasupai TribeHavasupai Tribal CourtP.O. Box 94, Supai, AZ 86435Hopi TribeHopi Judicial BranchP.O. Box 156, Keams Canyon, AZ 86034Hualapai TribeHualapai Tribal Court960 Rodeo Way, P.O. Box 275, Peach Springs, AZ 86434Kaibab Band of Paiute IndiansKaibab-Paiute Tribe CourtHC65, Box 328, Fredonia, AZ 86022Navajo NationNavajo Nation Judicial BranchNavajo Nation – Chinle District CourtP.O. Box 547 Chinle, AZ 86503Navajo NationNavajo Nation Judicial BranchNavajo Nation – Dilkon District/Family CourtHC63, Box 787, Winslow, AZ 86047Navajo NationNavajo Nation Judicial BranchNavajo Nation – Kayenta District/Family CourtP.O. Box 2700, Kayenta, AZ 86033Navajo NationNavajo Nation Judicial BranchNavajo Nation Supreme CourtP.O. Box 520, Window Rock, AZ 86515Navajo NationNavajo Nation Judicial BranchNavajo Nation – Tuba City District/Family CourtP.O. Box 275, Tuba City, AZ 86045Navajo NationNavajo Nation Judicial BranchNavajo Nation – Window Rock District/Family CourtP.O. Box 5520, Window Rock, AZ 86515Pascua Yaqui TribePascua Yaqui Tribe of Arizona4781 W. Calle Torim, Tucson, AZ 85757Quechan Indian TribeQuechan Tribal CourtP.O. Box 1899, Yuma, AZ 85366Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian CommunitySalt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community Court10005 East Osborn Rd. Scottsdale, AZ 85256San Carlos Apache – Ndeh NationSan Carlos Apache Tribal CourtP.O. Box 6, San Carlos, AZ 85550Tohono O’odham NationTohono O’odham Nation Tribal CourtP.O. Box 761, Sells, AZ 85634Tonto Apache TribeTonto Apache Tribal CourtReservation 30, Payson, AZ 85541White Mountain Apache TribeWhite Mountain Apache Tribal CourtP.O. Box 598, Whiteriver, AZ 85941Yavapai-Apache NationYavapai-Apache Nation Tribal CourtP.O. Box 3500, Camp Verde, AZ 86322Yavapai Prescott Indian TribeYavapai-Prescott Tribal CourtCaliforniaBishop Paiute TribeBishop Paiute Tribal Court50 Tu Su Lane, Bishop, CA 93514Blue Lake Rancheria TribeBlue Lake Rancheria Tribal CourtP.O. Box 426, Blue Lake, CA 95525Chemehuevi Indian TribeChemehuevi Tribal CourtP.O. Box 1976, Havasu Lake, CA 92363Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad RancheriaCher-Ae Heights Indian Community Tribal CourtP.O. Box 630, Trinidad, CA 95570Hoopa Valley TribeHoopa Valley Tribal CourtP.O. Box 1389, Hoopa, CA 95546Hopland Band of Pomo IndiansHopland Band of Pomo Indians Tribal Court3000 Shanel Road, Hopland, CA 95449Intertribal Court of Northern California5250 Aero Drive, Santa Rosa, CA 95403Intertribal Court of Southern California49002 Golsh Road, Rincon Indian Reservation, Valley Center, CA 92082Jamul Indian VillageJamul Tribal Court - Intertribal Court of Southern CaliforniaP.O. Box 612 Jamul, CA 91935Karuk TribeKaruk Tribal Court1836 Apsum, P.O. Box 629, Yreka, CA 96097La Jolla Band of Luiseno IndiansLa Jolla Tribal Court - Intertribal Court of Southern California22000 Highway 76, Pauma Valley, CA 92061Los Coyotes Band of IndiansLos Coyotes Tribal Court - Intertribal Court of Southern CaliforniaP.O. Box 189 Warner Springs, CA 92086Manzanita Band of the Kumeyaay NationManzanita Tribal Court - Intertribal Court of Southern CaliforniaP.O. Box 1302 Boulevard, CA 91905Mesa Grande Band of Diegueno Mission Indians Mesa Grande Tribal Court - Intertribal Court of Southern CaliforniaP.O. Box 270 Santa Ysabel CA 92070Morongo Band of Mission IndiansMorongo Tribal Court, 11581 Potrero Road, Banning, CA 92220Northern California Tribal Courts Coalition1517 S. Oregon St., Ste. B, Yreka, CA 96097Pala Band of Luiseno Mission IndiansPala Band of Luiseno Mission Indians Tribal Court35008 Pala Temecula PMB 348, Pala, CA 92059Pauma Band of Luiseno IndiansPauma Tribal Court - Intertribal Court of Southern CaliforniaP.O. Box 369, Pauma Valley CA 92061Redding RancheriaRedding Rancheria Tribal Court2000 Redding Rancheria Road, Redding, CA 96001Rincon Nation of Luiseno IndiansRincon Tribal Court - Intertribal Court of Southern California1 West Tribal Road, Valley Center, CA 92082San Manuel Band of Mission IndiansSan Manuel Band of Mission Indians Tribal Court3214 Victoria Ave. Highland, CA 92346San Pasqual Band of IndiansSan Pasqual Tribal Court - Intertribal Court of Southern CaliforniaP.O. Box 365 Valley Center, CA 92082Shingle Springs Band of Miwok IndiansShingle Springs Tribal CourtP.O. Box 531, Single Springs, CA 95682Smith River RancheriaSmith River Rancheria Tribal CourtP.O. Box 992, Smith River, CA 95567Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay NationSycuan Tribal Court, 5523 Sycuan Road, El Cajo, CA 92019Yurok TribeYurok Tribal CourtP.O. Box 1027, Klamath, CA 95548Viejas Band of Kumeyaay IndiansViejas Tribal Court - Intertribal Court of Southern California1 Viejas Grade Rd. Alpine, CA 91901ColoradoSouthern Ute Indian TribeSouthern Ute Indian Tribal CourtP.O. Box 737, #18, Ignacio, CO 81137Ute Mountain Ute TribeUte Mountain Ute Tribe – Court of Indian OffensesBureau of Indian Affairs Ute Mountain Ute AgencyP.O. Box KK, Towaoc, CO 91334ConnecticutMashantucket (Western) Pequot Tribal NationMashantucket Pequot Tribal CourtP.O. Box 3126, Mashantucket, CT 06338Mohegan TribeMohegan Tribal CourtP.O. Box 549, Uncasville, CT 06382FloridaMiccosukee Tribe of Indians of FloridaMiccosukee Tribal Court, P.O. Box 440021, Miami, FL 33144IdahoCoeur d’Alene TribeCoeur d’Alene Tribal Court29 Route 22, Plummer, ID 83851Kootenai Tribe of IdahoKootenai Tribe of Idaho Tribal Court, P.O. Box 1269, Bonners Ferry, ID 83805Nez Perce TribeNez Perce Tribal Court P.O. Box 305, Lapwai, ID 83540Shoshone-Bannock TribesShoshone-Bannock Tribal Court, P.O. Box 306, Fort Hall, ID 83203IowaSac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa/MeskwakiSac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa Tribal Court307 Meskwaki Rd., Tama, IA 52339KansasIowa Tribe of Kansas and NebraskaIowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska Tribal Court3313 Thrasher Road, White Cloud, KS 660947Kickapoo Tribe in KansasKickapoo District Court822 K-20 Highway, Ste. E, Horton, KS 66439Prairie Band of Potawatomi NationPrairie Band Potawatomi Nation Judicial Council11444 158 Road, Mayetta, KS 66509Sac & Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and NebraskaSac & Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska305 North Main St, Reserve, KS 66434LouisianaSovereign Nation of the ChitimachaChitimacha Tribal CourtP.O. Box 610, Charenton, LA 70523Coushatta Tribe of LouisianaCoushatta Tribal CourtP.O. Box 819, Elton, LA 70532Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of LouisianaTunica-Biloxi Tribal CourtP.O. Box 1589, Marksville, LA 71351MaineHoulton Band of Maliseet IndiansHoulton Band of Maliseet Indians88 Bell Road, Littleton, ME 04730Passamaquoddy TribePassamaquoddy Tribal CourtP.O. Box 343, Perry, ME 04667Penobscot Indian NationPenobscot Indian Nation Tribal Court12 Wabanaki Way, Indian Island, ME 04468MassachusettsMashpee Wampanoag TribeMashpee Wampanoag Tribal Court483 Great Neck Road, South, Mashpee, MA 02649Wampanoag Tribe of Gay HeadWampanoag Tribal Court20 Black Brook Road, Aquinnah, MA 02535-1546MichiganBay Mills Indian CommunityBay Mills Indian Community Tribal Court12140 W. Lakeshore Drive, Brimley, MI 49715Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa IndiansGrand Traverse Band Tribal Judiciary2605 N.W. Bayshore Drive, Peshabestown, MI 49682Hannahville Indian CommunityHannahville Community CourtN14911 Hannahville B-1 Road, Wilson, MI 49896Keweenaw Bay Indian CommunityKeweenaw Bay Indian Community Tribal Court16429 Bear Town Road, Baraga, MI 49908Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa IndiansLac Vieux Tribal CourtP.O. Box 249, Watersmeet, MI 49969Little River Band of Ottawa IndiansLittle River Band of Ottawa Indians Tribal Court3031 Domres Road, Manistee, MI 49660Little Traverse Bay Band of Odawa IndiansLittle Traverse Bay Band of Odawa Indians Tribal Court7500 Odawa Circle, Harbor Springs, MI 49740Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish band of Pottawatomi Gun Lake TribeMatch-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Tribal Court1743 142nd Ave., Ste. 8, Dorr, MI 49323Nottawaseppi Huron Band of PotawatomiNottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi Tribal Court2221 1-1/2 Mile Road, Fulton, MI 49052Pokagon Band of Potawatomi IndiansPokagon Tribal CourtP.O. Box 355, Dowagiac, MI 49047Saginaw Chippewa Indian TribeSaginaw Chippewa Tribal Court6954 East BroadwayMount Pleasant, MI 48858Sault Tribe of Chippewa IndiansSault Ste. Marie Tribal CourtP.O. Box 932Sault Ste. Marie, MI 49783MinnesotaBois Forte Band of ChippewaBois Forte Band of Chippewa Tribal CourtP.O. Box 25Nett Lake, MN 55772Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior ChippewaFond du Lac Band of Chippewa Tribal Court1720 Big Lake Road-Cloquet, MN 55270Grand Portage Band of Chippewa IndiansGrand Portage Band of Chippewa Tribal CourtP.O. Box 428-Grand Portage, MN 55605Leech Lake Band of OjibweLeech Lake Tribal Court115 6th Street, N.W., Ste. E, Cass Lake, MN 56633Lower Sioux Indian CommunityLower Sioux Indian Community Tribal CourtP.O. Box 308, Morton, MN 56270Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe TribeMille Lacs Band of Ojibwe Tribal Court43408 Oodena Drive-Onamia, MN 56359Prairie Island Indian CommunityPrairie Island Indian Community Tribal Court5636 Sturgeon Lake Road, Welch, MN 55089Red Lake Band of Chippewa IndiansRed Lake Band of Chippewa Indians Tribal CourtP.O. Box 572, Red Lake, MN 56671Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux CommunityShakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Tribal Court335 Atrium Office Building, 12985 Bandana Blvd.St. Paul, MN 55108Upper Sioux CommunityUpper Sioux Community Tribal CourtP.O. Box 155-Granite Falls, MN 56241White Earth NationWhite Earth Nation Tribal CourtP.O. Box 289, White Earth, MN 56591MississippiMississippi Band of Choctaw IndiansMississippi Band of Choctaw Indians Tribal CourtP.O. Box 6010, Philadelphia, MS 39350MontanaBlackfeet NationBlackfeet Tribal CourtP.O. Box 1170, Browning, MT 59417Chippewa Cree Tribe of Rocky Boy MontanaChippewa Cree Tribal Court31 Agency Square, Box Elder, MT 59521Confederated Salish and Kootenai TribesConfederated Salish and Kootenai Tribal CourtP.O. Box 278, Pablo, MT 59855Crow TribeCrow Tribal CourtP.O. Box 489, Crow Agency, MT 59022Fort Peck Assiniboine & Sioux TribesFort Peck Tribal Court807 Court Ave., P.O. Box 1027, Popular, MT 59255Fort Belknap Indian CommunityFort Belknap Tribal Court253 Court Housing Loop, Harlem, MT 59526Northern Cheyenne TribeNorthern Cheyenne Judicial BranchP.O. Box 1199, Lame Deer, MT 59043NebraskaOmaha Tribe of NebraskaOmaha Tribal CourtP.O. Box 508 Macy, NE 68039Ponca Tribe of NebraskaPonca Tribe of Nebraska Tribal Court1800 Syracuse Ave. Norfolk, NE 68701Santee Sioux Tribe of NebraskaSantee Sioux Tribal CourtRR 2, Box 5172, Niobrara, NE 68760Winnebago Tribe of NebraskaWinnebago Tribal CourtP.O. Box 626, Winnebago, NE 68071New MexicoJicarilla Apache NationJicarilla Apache Nation Tribal CourtP.O. Box 128, Dulce, NM 87528Kewa Pueblo (formally the Pueblo of Santa Domingo)Kewa Pueblo Tribal CourtP.O. Box 279, Santo Domingo, NM 87052Mescalero Apache TribeMescalero Apache Tribal CourtP.O. Box 227, Mescalero, NM 88340Navajo NationNavajo Nation Judicial BranchNavajo Nation Alamo District/Family CourtP.O. Box 163, Magalena, NM 87825Navajo NationNavajo Nation Judicial BranchNavajo Nation – Crownpoint District/Family CourtP.O. Box 6, Crownpoint, NM 87313Navajo NationNavajo Nation Judicial BranchNavajo Nation – Ramah District/Family CourtP.O. Box 309, Ramah, NM 87321Navajo NationNavajo Nation Judicial BranchNavajo Nation – Shiprock District/Family CourtP.O. Box 1168, Shiprock, NM 87420Navajo NationNavajo Nation Judicial BranchNavajo Nation – Tó’hajiilee District/Family CourtP.O. Box 3101-A, Canoncito, NM 87026Ohkay Owingeh PuebloOhkay Owingeh Tribal CourtP.O. Box 1128, San Juan Pueblo, NM 87566Pueblo of AcomaPueblo of Acoma Tribal CourtP.O. Box 347, Acoma, NM 87034Pueblo de CochitiPueblo of Cochiti Tribal CourtP.O. Box 70, Cochiti Pueblo, NM 87072Isleta PuebloPueblo of Isleta Tribal CourtP.O. Box 729, Isleta, NM 87022Pueblo of JemezPueblo of Jemez Tribal CourtP.O. Box 100, Jemez Pueblo, NM 87024Pueblo of LagunaPueblo of Laguna Tribal CourtP.O. Box 194, Laguna, NM 87026Pueblo of NambePueblo of Nambe Tribal CourtRoute 1, Box 117-BB, Nambe Pueblo, NM 8750+Pueblo of PicurisPueblo of Picuris Tribal CourtP.O. Box 127, Penasco, NM 87553Pueblo of PojoaquePueblo of Pojoaque Tribal Court58 Cities of Gold Road, Santa Fe, NM 87506Pueblo of San FelipePueblo of San Felipe Tribal CourtP.O. Box 4339, San Felipe, NM 87001Pueblo of San IldefonsoPueblo of San Ildefonso Tribal CourtRoute 5, Box 315-A, Santa Fe, NM 87506Pueblo of SandiaPueblo of Sandia Tribal Court481 Sandia Loop Road, Bernalillo, NM 87004Pueblo of Santa Ana Tamaya Indian ReservationPueblo of Santa Ana Tribal CourtTamaya Pueblo2 Dove Rd.Pueblo of Santa Ana, NM 87004Pueblo of Santa ClaraPueblo of Santa Clara Tribal CourtP.O. Box 580, Espanola, NM 87532Pueblo of TaosPueblo of Taos Tribal CourtP.O. Box 1846, Taos, NM 87571Pueblo of TesuquePueblo of Tesuque Tribal CourtRoute 42, Box 360-T, Santa Fe, NM 87506Pueblo of ZiaPueblo of Zia Tribal Court135 Capital Square Drive, Zia Pueblo, Nm 87053Pueblo of ZuniPueblo of Zuni Tribal CourtP.O. Box 339, Zuni, NM 87327New YorkOneida Indian NationOneida Nation Court1256 Union Street, Oneida, NY 13421Saint Regis Mohawk TribeSaint Regis Mohawk Tribal Court412 State Route 37, Akwesasne, NY 13655Seneca Nation of New YorkSeneca Nation of New York – Allegany Reservation Court of AppealsSeneca Nation of New York – Allegany Reservation Peacemaker’s CourtSeneca Nation of New York – Allegany Reservation Surrogate CourtP.O. Box 231, Salamanca, NY 14779Seneca Nation of New YorkSeneca Nation of New York – Cattaraugus Reservation Court of AppealsSeneca Nation of New York – Cattaraugus Reservation Peacemaker’s CourtSeneca Nation of New York – Cattaraugus Reservation Surrogate Court2 Thomas Indian School Drive, 1508 Route 438, Irving, NY 14081NevadaDuckwater Shoshone TribeDuckwater Shoshone Tribal CourtP.O. Box 140005, Duckwater, NV 89314Ely Shoshone TribeEly Shoshone Judicial Center16 Shoshone Circle, Ely, NV 89301Fallon Paiute Shoshone TribeFallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribal Court987 Rio Vista Drive, Fallon, NV 89406Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone TribesFort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribal CourtP.O. Box 391, McDermitt, NV 89421Inter-Tribal Court of Appeals of NevadaP.O. Box 7440, Reno, NV 89510680 Greenbrae Dr., Ste. 265Sparks, NV 89431Moapa Band of PaiutesMoapa Paiute Tribal CourtP.O. Box 187, Moapa, NV 89025Pyramid Lake Paiute TribePyramid Lake Paiute Tribe Judicial Services221 State Route 447, Nixon, NV 89424Reno-Sparks Indian ColonyReno-Sparks Indian Colony Tribal Court1900 Prosperity Street, Reno, NV 89502Shoshone Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Indian ReservationShoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Tribal CourtP.O. Box 219, Owyhee, NV 89832Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of NevadaTe-Moak Bands Tribal Court1523 Shoshone Circle, Elko, NV 89801Walker River Paiute – Agai-Dicutta NumuWalker River Paiute Tribe Civil CourtP.O. Box 220, Shurz, NV 89427Washoe Tribe of Nevada & CaliforniaWashoe Tribal Court919 U.S. Highway 395 South, Gardnerville, NV 89410Yerington Paiute TribeYerington Paiute Tribal Court171 Campbell Lane, Yerington, NV 89447Yomba Shoshone TribeYomba Shoshone Tribal CourtHC-61 Box 6275, Austin, NV 89310North CarolinaEastern Band of CherokeeEastern Band of Cherokee Tribal CourtP.O. Box 1629, Cherokee, NC 28719North DakotaSisseton Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse ReservationSisseton-Wahpeton Oyate Tribal CourtP.O. Box 568, Agency Village, ND 57262Spirit Lake TribeSpirit Lake Tribal CourtP.O. Box 30, Fort Trotten, ND 58335Standing Rock Sioux TribeStanding Rock Sioux Tribal CourtP.O. Box D, Fort Yates, ND 58538Three Affiliated Tribes: Mandan, Hidatsa & Arikara NationThree Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Tribal CourtP.O. Box 969, New Town, ND 58763Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa IndiansTurtle Mountain Chippewa Tribal CourtP.O. Box 900, Belcourt, ND 58316OklahomaAbsentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of OklahomaAbsentee-Shawnee Tribal Court2025 S. Gordon Copper Drive, Shawnee, OK 74802Alabama-Quassarte Tribal TownAlabama-Quassarte Tribal Court323 West Broadway, Ste. 300 Muskogee, OK 74401Apache Tribe of OklahomaApache Tribal Court - CFR CourtBureau of Indian Affairs Anadarko OfficeP.O. Box 1220, Anadarko, OK 73305-1220Caddo Nation of OklahomaCaddo Nation Tribal CourtCaddo Nation - Anadarko CFR CourtBureau of Indian Affairs Anadarko OfficeP.O. Box 368, Anadarko, OK 73005Cherokee NationCherokee Nation Judicial Branch101 S. Muskogee Ave., P.O> Box 1097, Tahlequah, OK 74465Cheyenne and Arapaho TribesCheyenne and Arapaho Tribes Judicial BranchP.O. Box 102 Concho, OK 73022Chickasaw NationChickasaw Nation Judicial Branch821 N. Mississippi, Ada, OK 74820Choctaw Nation of OklahomaChoctaw Nation of Oklahoma Tribal CourtP.O. Box 702, Talihina, OK 74571Citizen Potawatomi NationCitizen Potawatomi Nation Tribal Court1601 S. Gordon Cooper Dr. Shawnee, OK 74801Comanche Nation of OklahomaComanche Nation Tribal CourtP.O. Box 908, Lawton, OK 73502Delaware Tribe of IndiansDelaware Tribal Court170 NE Barbara, Bartlesville, OK 74006Eastern Shawnee Tribe of OklahomaEastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma Court of Indian OffensesBureau of Indian Affairs Miami OfficeP.O. Box 391, Miami, OK 74355Iowa Tribe of OklahomaIowa Tribe of Oklahoma Tribal CourtRt. 1, Box 721, Perkins, OK 74059Kaw NationKaw Nation Judicial BranchP.O. Box 50, Kaw City, OK 74641Kickapoo Tribe of OklahomaKickapoo Tribe of OklahomaP.O. Box 1310, McLoud, OK 74851Sovereign Miami Tribe of OklahomaMiami Tribe of Oklahoma Tribal CourtP.O. Box 1326-Miami, OK 74355Modoc Tribe of OklahomaModoc Tribal Court of Indian OffensesBureau of Indian Affairs Miami OfficeP.O. Box 391, Miami, OK 74355Muscogee (Creek) NationMuscogee Creek District CourtP.O. Box 652, Okmulgee, OK 74447Muscogee (Creek) NationMuscogee Creek Supreme CourtP.O. Box 546, Okmulgee, OK 74447Osage NationOsage Nation Judicial Branch1333 Grandview, Pawhuska, OK 74056Otoe Missouria TribeOtoe-Missouria Tribal Court (CFR)22915 Otoe Cemetery Rd.Red Rock, OK 74651Ottawa Tribe of OklahomaOttawa Tribe of Oklahoma (Miami Agency CFR Court)Bureau of Indian Affairs Miami OfficeP.O. Box 391, Miami, OK 74355Pawnee Nation of OklahomaPawnee Tribal CourtP.O. Box 28 Pawnee, OK 74058Peoria Tribe of Indians of OklahomaPeoria Tribal Court (Miami Agency CFR Court)Bureau of Indian Affairs Miami OfficeP.O. Box 1527 Miami, OK 74355Ponca Tribe of OklahomaPonca Tribe of Oklahoma Tribal Court20 White Eagle Drive Ponca City, OK 74101Quapaw Tribe of OklahomaQuapaw Tribal CourtP.O. Box 765, Quapaw, OK 74363Sac & Fox Nation of OklahomaSac & Fox Nation of Oklahoma Judicial System920883 S. Hwy 99 Bldg. A, Stroud, OK 74079Seminole Nation of OklahomaSeminole Nation Tribal CourtP.O. Box 2307, Seminole, OK 74818Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of OklahomaSeneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma (Miama Agency CFR Court)Bureau of Indian Affairs Miami OfficeP.O. Box 391, Miami, OK 74355Shawnee TribeShawnee Tribal Court (Miami Agency CFR Court)Bureau of Indian Affairs Miami OfficeP.O. Box 391 Miami, OK 74355Tonkawa TribeTonkawa Tribal Court1 Rush Buffalo Road Tonkawa, OK 74653United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in OklahomaUnited Keetoowah Band Tribal Court18263 W. Keetoowah Circle, Tahlequah, OK 74464Wyandotte NationWyandotte Nation Tribal Court (Miami Agency CFR Court)Bureau of Indian Affairs Miami OfficeP.O. Box 391, Miami, OK 74355OregonBurns Paiute TribeBurns Paiute Tribal Court100 Pasigo Street, Burns, OR 97720Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw IndiansConfederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umqua, Siuslaw Indians Tribal Court1245 Fulton Avenue, Coos Bay, OR 97420Confederated Tribes of Grand RondeConfederated Tribes of Grand Ronde Tribal Court9615 Grand Ronde Rd. Grand Ronde, OR 97347Confederated Tribes of Siletz IndiansConfederated Tribes of Siletz Tribal CourtP.O. Box 549, Siletz, OR 97380Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian ReservationConfederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Tribal Court46411 Timine Way, Pendleton, OR 97801Coquille Indian TribeCoquille Indian Tribal Court3050 Tremont St. North Bend, OR 97459Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of IndiansCow Creek Tribal Court2371 NE Stephens St. Roseburg, OR 97470Klamath TribesKlamath Tribes JudiciaryP.O. Box 1260 Chiloquin, OR 97624The Confederated Tribes of Warm SpringsWarm Springs Tribal CourtP.O. Box 850, Warm Springs, OR 97761South DakotaCheyenne River Sioux TribeCheyenne River Sioux Tribal CourtP.O. Box 120, Eagle Butte, SD 57625Crow Creek Sioux TribeCrow Creek Sioux Tribal CourtP.O. Box 247, Ft. Thompson, SD 57339Flandreau Santee Sioux TribeFlandreau Santee Sioux Tribal Court104 W. Ross Ave, Flandreau, SD 57028Lower Brule Sioux Tribe – Kul Wicasa OyateLower Brule Sioux Tribal CourtP.O. Box 122, Lower Brule, SD 57548Oglala Sioux TribeOglala Sioux JudiciaryP.O. box 280, Pine Ridge, SD 57770Rosebud Sioux Tribe of the Sicangu OyateRosebud Sioux Tribal CourtSicangu Oyate Bar Association provides an Appellate Digest of cases decided by the Rosebud Sioux Tribal Court of Appeals.P.O. Box 129, Rosebud, SD 57570Yankton Sioux TribeYankton Sioux Tribal CourtP.O. Box 980, Wagner, SD 57380TexasAlabama-Coushatta Tribe of TexasAlabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas Tribal Court571 State Park Road, 56, Livingston, TX 77351Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of TexasKickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas Tribal CourtHC1 Box 1099, Eagle Pass, TX 78852Ysleta del Sur PuebloYsleta Del Sur Pueblo Tribal Court, El Paso, TX 79907UtahConfederated Tribes of the Goshute ReservationConfederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation Tribal CourtP.O. Box 6104, Ibapah, UT 84034Navajo NationNavajo Nation Judicial BranchNavajo Nation – Aneth District/Family CourtP.O. Box 320, Montezuma Creek, UT 84534Ute Indian Tribe Uintah & Ouray ReservationUte Tribal CourtP.O. Box 190, Fort Duchesne, UT 84026WashingtonChehalis TribeChehalis Tribal CourtP.O. Box 536, Oakville, WA 98568Confederated Tribes of the Colville ReservationConfederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation Tribal CourtP.O. Box 150, Nespelem, WA 99155-0150Hoh TribeHoh Tribal CourtP.O. Box 2156, Forks, WA 98331Jamestown S’Klallam TribeJamestown S’Klallam Tribal Court1033 Old Blyn Highway, Sequim, WA 89382Kalispel Tribe of IndiansKalispel Tribal CourtP.O. Box 96, Usk, WA 99180Lower Elwha Klallam TribeLower Elwha Klallam Tribal Court4821 Dry Creek Road, Port Angeles, WA 98363Lummi NationLummi Tribal Court2616 Kwina Road, Bldg. K, Bellingham, WA 98226Makah NationMakah Tribal CourtP.O. Box 117, Neah Bay, WA 98357Muckleshoot Indian TribeMuckleshoot Tribal Court39015 172nd Ave. SE, Auburn, WA 98092Nisqually Indian TribeNisqually Tribal Court4820 She-Nah-Num Dr. SE, Olympia, WA 98513Nooksack Indian TribeNooksack Tribal CourtP.O. Box 157, Deming, WA 98244Port Gamble S’Klallam TribePort Gamble S’Klallam Court Services31912 Little Boston Road NE, Kingston, WA 98346Puyallup Tribe of IndiansPuyallup Tribal Court1638 E. 29th St. Tacoma, WA 98404Quileute NationQuileute Tribal CourtP.O. Box 69, La Push, WA 98350Quinault Indian NationQuinault Tribal CourtPO Box 99, Taholah, WA 98587Samish Indian NationSamish Indian Tribal CourtP.O. Box 217, Anacortes, WA 98221Sauk-Suiattle Indian TribeSauk-Suiattle Tribal Court5318 Chief Brown Lane, Darrington, WA 98241Shoalwater Bay TribeShoalwater Bay Tribal CourtP.O. Box 130, Tokeland, WA 98590Skokomish Tribal NationSkokomish Tribal Court, North 80 Tribal Center Rd. Shelton, WA 98584Snoqualmie TribeSnoqualmie Tribal Court8150 Railroad Avenue S.E., Ste. B, Snoqualmie, WA 98065Spokane Tribe of IndiansSpokane Tribal CourtP.O. Box 225, Wellpinit, WA 99040Squaxin Island TribeSquaxin Island Tribal Court10 SE Squaxin Lane, Shelton, WA 98584Stillaguamish Tribe of IndiansStillaguamish Tribal CourtP.O. Box 3067, Arlington, WA 98223Suquamish TribeSuquamish Tribal Court18490 Sandy hook Road, #105, Suquamish, WA 98392Swinomish Indian Tribal CommunitySwinomish Tribal Court17337 Reservation Rd. La Conner, WA 98257Tulalip TribesTulalip Tribes Tribal CourtTulalip Tribal Code6103 31st Ave. NE, Tulalip, WA 98271Upper Skagit Indian TribeUpper Skagit Tribal Court25944 Community Plaza Way, Sedro Woolley, WA 98284Confederated Tribes and Bands of Yakama NationYakama Nation Tribal CourtP.O. Box 151, Toppenish, WA 98948-0151WisconsinBad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa TribeBad River Reservation Tribal CourtP.O. Box 39, Odanah, WI 54861Forest County PotawatomiForest County Potawatomi Tribal Court5416 Everybody’s Road, P.O. Box 340, Crandon, WI 54520Ho-Chunk NationHo-Chunk Nation JudiciaryP.O. Box 70, Black River Falls, WI 54615Lac Courte Oreilles Band of OjibweLac Courte Oreilles Tribal Court13394 W. Trepania Road, Hayward, WI 54843Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa IndiansLac du Flambeau Band Tribal CourtP.O. Box 217, Lac du Flambeau, WI 54538Menominee Indian Tribe of WisconsinMenominee Indian Tribal CourtP.O. Box 429, Keshena, WI 54135Oneida Nation of WisconsinOneida Nation of Wisconsin Judiciary2630 West Mason Street, Green Bay, WI 54303Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior ChippewaRed Cliff Tribal Court88358 Pike Road, Highway 13, Bayfield, WI 54814Sokaogon Chippewa (Mole Lake) CommunitySokaogon Chippewa Tribal Court3051 Sandlake Road, Crandon, WI 54520St. Croix Chippewa Indians of WisconsinSt. Croix Chippewa Tribal Court24663 Angeline Avenue, Webster, WI 54893Stockbridge-Munsee Community band of Mohican IndiansStockbridge-Munsee Tribal CourtP.O. Box 70, Bowler, WI 54416WyomingShoshone Indians and Northern Arapaho TribeShoshone & Arapaho Tribal CourtP.O. Box 608, Fort Washakie, WY 82514